diff options
Diffstat (limited to '182')
173 files changed, 1600 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/182/CH1/EX1.1/example1_1.sce b/182/CH1/EX1.1/example1_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a85c92b90 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH1/EX1.1/example1_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ + +// Example 1-1 in page 8 +// Given data +clc; +phi=500*10^-8;// one maxwell=10^-8 Wb, phi=total flux +Area=(2.54*10^-2)^2;// area in m^2, cross section is one inch and 1inch=2.54cm +// Calculation +B=phi/Area; //flux density(B) in tesla +printf("total flux density=%.2f mT",B*1000); +// Result +// the toatal flux density is 7.75 mT
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH1/EX1.1/example1_1.txt b/182/CH1/EX1.1/example1_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c0d5079de --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH1/EX1.1/example1_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +
+1.the toatal flux density is 7.75mT
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH1/EX1.2/example1_2.sce b/182/CH1/EX1.2/example1_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a585f3a81 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH1/EX1.2/example1_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ + +//example 1-2 in page 8 +clc; +//given data +body_temp=98.6;//human body temperature is 98.6 degree fahrenheit +//calculations +cel_temp=(body_temp-32)/1.8;//temperature in celsius +kel_temp=cel_temp+273.15;// temperature in kelvin +printf("celsius temperature=%.0f degree celsius \n",cel_temp); +printf("kelvin temperature=%.2f K",kel_temp); +//result +//the celsius temperature=37 degree celsius +//the kelvin temperature=310.15 K
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH1/EX1.2/example1_2.txt b/182/CH1/EX1.2/example1_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4be67b839 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH1/EX1.2/example1_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +the celsius temperature=37 degree celsius
+the kelvin temperature=310.15 K
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH11/EX11.1/11_1.txt b/182/CH11/EX11.1/11_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9bb01bf84 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH11/EX11.1/11_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +1.f(min)=106 Hz
+ f(max)=1061 Hz
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH11/EX11.1/example11_1.sce b/182/CH11/EX11.1/example11_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6699533e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH11/EX11.1/example11_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +// to calculate the maximum and minimmum output frequencies of oscillator in fig 11-1 +// example 11-1 in page 317 +clc; +// Data Given +R=[5e+3 500];// resistance R2 and R1 all in ohm +C1=300D-9; C2=C1;// Capacitance=300 nF +// calculation +f=['f(min)' 'f(max)']; +for n=1:2 + printf("%s=%d Hz\n",f(n),1/(2*%pi*C1*R(n)));// frequency in hertz +end +//result +//f(min)=106 Hz +//f(max)=1061 Hz
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH11/EX11.2/11_2.txt b/182/CH11/EX11.2/11_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a86c4da73 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH11/EX11.2/11_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+2.R1=4 K-ohm
+ R2=45 K-ohm
+ R3=1 K-ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH11/EX11.2/example11_2.sce b/182/CH11/EX11.2/example11_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..38e7ce5ac --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH11/EX11.2/example11_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//to find the resistor values in fig 11-3
+// example 11-2 in page 319
+clc;
+//data given
+Vi=5; //input sine wave voltage in volt
+VR3=[0.1 1];// range of voltage across resistor R3 in volt
+IB=500D-9;// input current to the op-amp in ampere
+//calculation
+V=Vi-VR3(1);// with R1 and R2 in the circuit, V=VR1+VR2 in volt
+I3=100D-6;// as I3>>IB, select I3=100 micro ampere
+R3=VR3(1)/I3;// resistance in ohm
+R=V/I3;//R=R1+R2 in ohm
+//with R2 switched off the circuit
+I3=VR3(2)/R3;// current in ampere
+VR1=Vi-VR3(2);// voltage in volt
+R1=VR1/I3;// here I3=I1, resistance in ohm
+R2=R-R1;// resistance in ohm
+printf("R1=%d K-ohm\nR2=%d K-ohm\nR3=%d K-ohm",R1/1000,R2/1000,R3/1000);
+//result
+//R1=4 K-ohm
+//R2=45 K-ohm
+//R3=1 K-ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH11/EX11.3/11_3.txt b/182/CH11/EX11.3/11_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..df57a94d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH11/EX11.3/11_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+3.For contact at top of R1,
+ frequency=1166.67 Hz
+ For R1 contact at 10% from bottom,
+ frequency=116.67 Hz
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH11/EX11.3/example11_3.sce b/182/CH11/EX11.3/example11_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..31fe87f93 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH11/EX11.3/example11_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// to find the output frequency of the circuit 11-8
+// example 11-3 in page 326
+clc;
+// Data given
+Vcc=15;// supply voltage=15 V
+C1=0.1D-6;// capacitance in farad
+R1=1e+3; R2=10e+3;// resistances in ohm
+utp=3; ltp=-3;// upper and lower trigger points in volt
+//calculation
+a=['For contact at top of R1' 'For R1 contact at 10% from bottom'];
+V3=Vcc-1;// voltage in volt
+dV=utp-ltp;//change in voltage in volt
+V1=[V3 10*V3/100];// V1 when R1 is at the top and 10% from the bottom of R1 in volt
+for n=1:2
+ I2=V1(n)/R2;// current in ampere
+ t=C1*dV/I2;// time in seconds
+ f=1/(2*t);// frequency in hertz
+ printf("%s,\nfrequency=%.2f Hz\n\n",a(n),f);
+end
+//result
+//For contact at top of R1,
+//frequency=1166.67 Hz
+//For R1 contact at 10% from bottom,
+//frequency=116.67 Hz
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH11/EX11.4/11_4.txt b/182/CH11/EX11.4/11_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..be18004fc --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH11/EX11.4/11_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +4.out put frequency=121 Hz
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH11/EX11.4/example11_4.sce b/182/CH11/EX11.4/example11_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5e20f0f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH11/EX11.4/example11_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// to find the out put square wave frequency in 11-14
+// example 11-4 in page 332
+clc;
+//Data given
+Vcc=12;//supply voltage (+/-)12 V
+R=10^3*[20 6.2 5.6];//resistance R1, R2 and R3 all in ohm
+C1=0.2D-6;// capacitance=0.2 micro farad
+// calculation
+Vo=Vcc-1;// out put voltage = (+/-)(Vcc-1) in volt
+utp=Vo*R(3)/(R(2)+R(3));// upper trigger point in volt
+ltp=-utp;// lower trigger point in volt
+t=C1*R(1)*log((Vo-ltp)/(Vo-utp));// time in seconds
+printf("out put frequency=%d Hz",1/(2*t));
+//result
+//out put frequency=121 Hz
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH11/EX11.5/11_5.txt b/182/CH11/EX11.5/11_5.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..85fd23ab4 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH11/EX11.5/11_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+5.PULSE WIDTH=289 micro-sec
+ For pulse width of 6 ms,
+ C2=0.2 micro-F
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH11/EX11.5/example11_5.sce b/182/CH11/EX11.5/example11_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..99a5347a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH11/EX11.5/example11_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// to find the output pulse width and capacitance for the given pulse width in figure 11-15
+// example 11-5 in page 334
+clc;
+//data given
+Vcc=10;//supply voltage in Volt
+Vee=10;// supply voltage in volt
+VB=1;// base voltage in volt
+R=1e+3*[22 10];//resistances R1 in ohm and R2 in ohm
+C=[100D-12 0.01D-6];//capacitance C1 in farad and C2 in farad
+//calculation
+Vop=Vcc-1;// positive output voltage in volt
+Von=-(Vee-1);// negative output voltage in volt
+PW=C(2)*R(2)*log((Vop-Von)/VB);//pulse width in seconds
+printf("PULSE WIDTH=%d micro-sec\n",PW*10^6);
+PW=6e-3;//to calculate C2 for PW=6 ms
+C2=PW/(R(2)*log((Vop-Von)/VB));// capacitance in farad
+printf("For pulse width of 6 ms,\nC2=%.1f micro-F",C2*10^6);
+//result
+//PULSE WIDTH=289 micro-sec
+//For pulse width of 6 ms,
+//C2=0.2 micro-F
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH12/EX12.1/12_1.txt b/182/CH12/EX12.1/12_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7e414db6d --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH12/EX12.1/12_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+1.accuracy as a percentage of reading for scale reading 10= -5.0
+ accuracy as a percentage of full scale= -0.5
+ accuracy as a percentage of reading for scale reading 50= 3.4
+ accuracy as a percentage of full scale= 1.7
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH12/EX12.1/example12_1.sce b/182/CH12/EX12.1/example12_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4a01c35bd --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH12/EX12.1/example12_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//to find the accuracy as a percentage of reading and percentage of full scale +// example 12-1 in page 355 +clc; +// Data given +r=[10 50];//scale readings +c=[-0.5 1.7];// respective correction +f=100;//full scale reading +//calculation +for n=1:2 + pr=c(n)*100/r(n);// accuracy as a percentage of reading + pf=c(n)*100/f;//accuracy as a percentage of full scale + printf("accuracy as a percentage of reading for scale reading %d= %.1f percent\n",r(n),pr); + printf("accuracy as a percentage of full scale= %.1f percent\n",pf); +end +//result +//accuracy as a percentage of reading for scale reading 10= -5.0 +//accuracy as a percentage of full scale= -0.5 +//accuracy as a percentage of reading for scale reading 50= 3.4 +//accuracy as a percentage of full scale= 1.7
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH12/EX12.2/12_2.txt b/182/CH12/EX12.2/12_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6a68e9e6a --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH12/EX12.2/12_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+2.correction figure=-6 W
+ wattmeter error=-5 percent
diff --git a/182/CH12/EX12.2/example12_2.sce b/182/CH12/EX12.2/example12_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ce33edc21 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH12/EX12.2/example12_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// to find the wattmeter error and the correction figure
+// example 12-2 in page 357
+clc;
+//Data given
+V=114;// measured voltage in volt
+P=120;// indicated power in watt
+I=1;// current in ampere
+//calculation
+cf=V*I-P;// here power = v*i, capacitance in farad
+e=cf*100/P;//percentage error
+printf("correction figure=%d W\n",cf);
+printf("wattmeter error=%d percent",e);
+//result
+//correction figure=-6 W
+//wattmeter error=-5 percent
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH12/EX12.4/12_4.txt b/182/CH12/EX12.4/12_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..47350d7f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH12/EX12.4/12_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +
+4.At calibiration,
+ current through AB=20 mA
+ Resistance R1=50 v
+ Vx=1.88 V
+
+ R2=200 K-ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH12/EX12.4/example12_4.sce b/182/CH12/EX12.4/example12_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e9dc1b59e --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH12/EX12.4/example12_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +// to find the resistance.,voltage and current in fig 12-8 +//examole 12-4 in page364 +clc; +// Data given +V=1.0190;// the standard cell voltage in volt, VBC=VB2=V +VB1=3;// terminal voltage of battery B1 in volt +RAB=100; l=100D-2; //resistance in ohm and length in meter of the wire AB +lBC=50.95D-2;//length of BC in meter +//calculation +printf("At calibiration,\n"); +VAB=l*V/lBC;// voltage accross AB in volt where V/lBC is the volatge per unit length +I=VAB/RAB;// current in ampere +printf("current through AB=%d mA\n",I*1000); +R1=(VB1-VAB)/I;// resistance in ohm +printf("Resistance R1=%d ohm\n\n",R1);// R=V/I ohm +printf("Vx=%.2f V\n",94D-2*V/lBC);//volatge Vx in volt when null is obtained at 94.3cm +printf("\nR2=%d K-ohm",(VB1+V)/(20D-6*1000));// R2 in ohm to limit the standard cell current to a maximum of 20 micro-A +//result +//At calibiration, +//current through AB=20 mA +//Resistance R1=50 + +//Vx=1.88 V + +//R2=200 K-ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH12/EX12.5/12_5.txt b/182/CH12/EX12.5/12_5.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7a0dc90b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH12/EX12.5/12_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+5.Maximum measurable voltage=1.6 V
+ instrument resolution=(+/-)0.2 mV
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH12/EX12.5/example12_5.sce b/182/CH12/EX12.5/example12_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fe5f57bb2 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH12/EX12.5/example12_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// to find the maximum measurable voltage and the instrument resolution
+// example 12-5 in page 367
+clc;
+// Data given
+V=1.0190;// Standard cell voltage V=VR3=VB2 in volt
+R13=100; R3=509.5; R4=290.5;// R13 is the slider resistance and resistance R3 and R4 all in ohm
+R=100;// resistances R6 through R12 in ohm
+l=100D-2;// length of the sliding wire in meter
+// claculaion
+VAE=(V/R3)*(R3+R4);// maximum measurable voltage in volt where I1=V/R3
+printf("Maximum measurable voltage=%.1f V\n",VAE);
+I2=VAE/(8*R);//current I2 in ampere
+VAB=I2*R13;//voltage across R13 in volt
+Vpl=VAB/l;// slide wire voltage per unit length in volt/meter
+printf("instrument resolution=(+/-)%.1f mV",Vpl)
+//result
+//Maximum measurable voltage=1.6 V
+//instrument resolution=(+/-)0.2 mV
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH16/EX16.1/16_1.txt b/182/CH16/EX16.1/16_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4d58611e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH16/EX16.1/16_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+1.source effect=50 mV
+ line regulation=0.42 percent
+ load effect=99 mV
+ line regulation=0.83 percent
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH16/EX16.1/example16_1.sce b/182/CH16/EX16.1/example16_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a5b1b4529 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH16/EX16.1/example16_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//to find the source & load effects and load & line regulation +// example 16-1 in page 423 +clc; +//Data Given +Es=[12 11.95]; // change in Dc power supply when ac drops by 10% +Eo=[12 11.9];// change in output voltage when load current goes from zero to maximum +//calculation +printf("source effect=%d mV\n",(Es(1)-Es(2))*1000); +printf("line regulation=%.2f percent\n",(Es(1)-Es(2))*100/Es(1)); +printf("load effect=%d mV\n",(Eo(1)-Eo(2))*1000); +printf("line regulation=%.2f percent\n",(Eo(1)-Eo(2))*100/Eo(1)); +//result +//source effect=50 mV +//line regulation=0.42 percent +//load effect=99 mV +//line regulation=0.83 percent
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH16/EX16.2/16_2.txt b/182/CH16/EX16.2/16_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5c8772624 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH16/EX16.2/16_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+
+2.when the moving contact is at the bottom of R4,Eo=15.2 V
+ when the moving contact is at the top of R4,Eo=9.9 V
diff --git a/182/CH16/EX16.2/example16_2.sce b/182/CH16/EX16.2/example16_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1d4ea4216 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH16/EX16.2/example16_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// to find the maximum and minimum output voltages in the fig 16-8(b)
+// example 16-2 in page 428
+clc;
+//Data given
+Vz=6; R=1000*[0 5.6 5.6 3];// zener voltage and the resistance values
+A=['when the moving contact is at the bottom of R4' '0' '0' 'when the moving contact is at the top of R4'];
+//calculation
+for n=1:3:4
+ I3=Vz/(R(3)+R(n));
+ Eo=I3*sum(R);
+ printf("%s,Eo=%.1f V\n",A(n),Eo);
+end
+//result
+//when the moving contact is at the bottom of R4,Eo=15.2 V
+//when the moving contact is at the top of R4,Eo=9.9 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH16/EX16.2/example16_2.xcos b/182/CH16/EX16.2/example16_2.xcos new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a23ee9245 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH16/EX16.2/example16_2.xcos @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><XcosDiagram background="-1" title="example16-2"><!--Xcos - 1.0 - scilab-5.3.2 - 20110511 1831--><mxGraphModel as="model"><root><mxCell id="-7943e730:13167477204:-7b76"/><mxCell id="-7943e730:13167477204:-7b77" parent="-7943e730:13167477204:-7b76"/><BasicBlock angle="180" dependsOnU="1" id="-7943e730:13167477204:-7b60" interfaceFunctionName="OpAmp" parent="-7943e730:13167477204:-7b77" simulationFunctionName="OpAmp" simulationFunctionType="DEFAULT" style="OpAmp;rotation=180;flip=false;mirror=false"><ScilabDouble as="exprs" height="0" width="0"/><ScilabDouble as="realParameters" height="0" width="0"/><ScilabDouble as="integerParameters" height="0" width="0"/><Array as="objectsParameters" scilabClass="ScilabList"/><ScilabDouble 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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH2/EX2.1/example2_1.sce b/182/CH2/EX2.1/example2_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..50c81e215 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH2/EX2.1/example2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + +//example 2-1 in page 16 +clc; +//given data +Rmin=1.14;// minimum resistance 1.14 k-ohm +Rmax=1.26// maximum resistance 1.26 k-ohm +R=1.2;//stated value +dT=75-25;//change in temperature from 25 to 75 degree celsius +// calculation +ab=Rmax-R;//Absolute maximum error +abmin=Rmin-R;// Absolute minmum error +T=(ab/1.2)*100;// Tolerance +Rlarge=R+ab;//largest resistance possible at 25 degree celsius +dR_per_C=(1.26/10^6)*500;// resistance change per degree celsius dR_per_C +dR=dR_per_C*dT;// total resistance increase +R_75=Rlarge+dR;//maximum resistance at 75 degree celsius +printf("Percentage Tolerance to be stated=+/- %d percent \n",T); +printf("Maximum resistance at 75 degree celsius=%.4f K-ohm",R_75); +//result +//Tolerance=5% +//maximum resistance at 75 degree celsius=1.2915 kohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH2/EX2.1/example2_1.txt b/182/CH2/EX2.1/example2_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4e17c8f74 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH2/EX2.1/example2_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +1.Tolerance=+/- 5%
+maximum resistance at 75 degree celsius=1.2915 kohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH2/EX2.2/example2_2.sce b/182/CH2/EX2.2/example2_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fa6f3d773 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH2/EX2.2/example2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//example 2-2 in page 20 +clc; +//given data +V1=100;//stated voltage one +V2=80;//stated voltage two +e1=(1/100)*V1;//absolute error of v1 +e2=(5/100)*V2;//absolute error of v2 +//calculation +e=e1+e2;//absolute error for the sum of the voltages +E=V1+V2;// sum voltage +emax=(e/E)*100;//maximum percentage error +printf("E=%d V +/- %.1f percent",E,emax); +//result +//E=180 V +/- 2.8 percent
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH2/EX2.2/example2_2.txt b/182/CH2/EX2.2/example2_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a4d3225c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH2/EX2.2/example2_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +E=180 V +/- 2.8 percent
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH2/EX2.3/example2_3.sce b/182/CH2/EX2.3/example2_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..005821aa5 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH2/EX2.3/example2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ + +//example 2-2 in page 20 +clc; +//given data +V1=100;//stated voltage one +V2=80;//stated voltage two +e1=(1/100)*V1;//absolute error of v1 +e2=(5/100)*V2;//absolute error of v2 +//calculation +e=e1+e2;//absolute error for the sum of the voltages +E=V1-V2;// difference voltage +emax=(e/E)*100;//maximum percentage error +printf("E=%d V +/- %d percent",E,emax); +//result +//E=20 V +/- 25 percent
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH2/EX2.3/example2_3.txt b/182/CH2/EX2.3/example2_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5538972ac --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH2/EX2.3/example2_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +E=20 V +/- 25 percent
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH2/EX2.4/example2_4.sce b/182/CH2/EX2.4/example2_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..64fdb50df --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH2/EX2.4/example2_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + +//Theory problem
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH2/EX2.4/example2_4.txt b/182/CH2/EX2.4/example2_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..09b951d66 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH2/EX2.4/example2_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+4.Power dissipated=82 mW
+Accuracy of the result=(+/-)20%
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH2/EX2.5/example2_5.sce b/182/CH2/EX2.5/example2_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bf9d12cb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH2/EX2.5/example2_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ + +// example 2-5 in page 25 +clc; +//given data +V=[1.001 1.002 0.999 0.998 1.000];// 5 digital voltmeters reading in volts +//calculation +Vav=sum(V)/5;// average of 5 readings in volts +D=abs(V-Vav);//deviation of each reading from the average voltage +Dav=sum(D)/5;//average of deviation in volts +printf("Average measured voltage=%d V\n",Vav); +printf("Average deviation=%.4f V",Dav); +//result +//the Average measured voltage=1 V +//The Average deviation=0.0012 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH2/EX2.5/example2_5.txt b/182/CH2/EX2.5/example2_5.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..178a311f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH2/EX2.5/example2_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+5.the Average measured voltage=1 V
+The average deviation=0.0012 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH2/EX2.6/example2_6.sce b/182/CH2/EX2.6/example2_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0710708e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH2/EX2.6/example2_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//To determine the standard deviation and probable measurement
+//example 2-6 in page 26
+clc;
+//given data
+V=[1.001 1.002 0.999 0.998 1.000];// 5 digital voltmeters readings in matrix V in volts
+//calculation
+Vavg=sum(V)/5;// average of 5 readings in volts
+D=abs(V-Vavg);//deviation of each reading from the average in volts
+D1=D.*D;// get the square of each deviation
+x=sum(D1);// sum of the squares of the deviation
+sigma=sqrt(x/5);// standard deviation in volts
+printf("standard deviation=%.4f V\n",sigma);
+eP=0.6745*0.0014;//probable error in volts and sigma=0.0014 V
+printf("probable error=%.2f mV",eP*1000);
+//result
+//standard deviation=0.0014 V
+//propable error=0.94 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH2/EX2.6/example2_6.txt b/182/CH2/EX2.6/example2_6.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0c3b453b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH2/EX2.6/example2_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + standard deviation=0.0014 V
+probable error=0.94 mV
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.1/example3_1.sce b/182/CH3/EX3.1/example3_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..48265f438 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.1/example3_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// To find the Torque on the coil
+// example3-1 in page 37
+clc;
+//Given data
+N=100;//Number of turns
+B=0.2;//Magnetic flux density of 0.2 tesla
+D=0.01; l=0.015; //diameter and length of the coil in meters
+I=.001;// current=1 mA
+//calculation
+T=B*l*I*N*D;// torque in N-m
+printf("Torque=%f N-m",T);
+//result
+//Torque=0.000003 N-m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.1/example3_1.txt b/182/CH3/EX3.1/example3_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..14db09d06 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.1/example3_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +1.Torque=0.000003 N-m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.10/example3_10.sce b/182/CH3/EX3.10/example3_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e9ee1d601 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.10/example3_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//To find the sensitivity
+//example 3-10 in page 54
+clc;
+//given data
+Im=157e-6;// peak current=157 micro ampere
+Vrms=100;// FSD rms voltage in volt
+//calculation
+Irms=0.707*Im;//FSD rms current
+R=Vrms/Irms;// total circuit resistance
+S=R/Vrms;//sensitivity
+printf("sensitivity=%d K-ohm/volt\n",S/1000);
+//result
+//sensitivity=9 k-ohm/Volt
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.10/example3_10.txt b/182/CH3/EX3.10/example3_10.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6b6585025 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.10/example3_10.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +10.sensitivity=9 k-ohm/Volt
diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.11/example3_11.sce b/182/CH3/EX3.11/example3_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fa7693c65 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.11/example3_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//To find resistance Rs and Rsh in the given ciruit
+// example 3-10 in page 55
+clc;
+//data given
+Iav=50e-6;//average current through PMCC instrument=50 micro ampere
+Rm=1700;// coil resistance in ohm
+Vf=0.7;// diode forward drop in volts
+If=100e-6;// forward current = 100 micro-ampere
+Vrms=50;// ac rms voltage in volts
+// calculation
+Im=Iav/(0.5*0.637);//peak current in ampere
+Ifp=(100/20)*If;//at 20% of FSD, diode peak current(If) must be at least 100 micro ampere; therefore, at 100% of FSD,
+Ishp=Ifp-Im;// peak current through Rsh in ampere
+Vm=Im*Rm;// peak voltage in volts
+Rsh=Vm/Ishp;
+Rs=(1.414*Vrms-Vm-Vf)/Ifp;
+printf("Rsh=%d ohm\n",Rsh);
+printf("Rs=%.1f K-ohm\n",Rs/1000);
+//result
+//Rsh=778 ohm
+//Rs=139.5 K-ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.11/example3_11.txt b/182/CH3/EX3.11/example3_11.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..da11d4cb4 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.11/example3_11.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+11.Rsh=778 ohm
+Rs=139.5 K-ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.12/example3_12.sce b/182/CH3/EX3.12/example3_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..08e051c59 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.12/example3_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//To find the the resistance Rl
+// example 3-12 in page 58
+clc;
+// Given data
+Iav=1e-3;// Average current through the PMCC = 1 mA
+Ip=250e-3;// primary current= 250 mA
+Rm=1700;// coil resistance in ohm
+Ns=500;// number of secondary turns
+Np=4;//number of primary turns
+Vf=0.7;//diode forward drop in volts
+Rs=20e+3;// Rs=20 k ohm
+//calculation
+Im=Iav/0.637;//peak current
+Em=(Im*(Rs+Rm))+(2*Vf);//secondary peak voltage
+Es=Em*0.707;//secondary rms voltage
+Irms=1.11*Iav;// RMS meter current
+Is=Ip*(Np/Ns);//transformer rms secondary current
+Il=Is-Irms;//current through Rl
+Rl=Es/Il;
+printf("Rl=%.1f K-ohm\n",Rl/1000);
+//result
+//Rl=28.2 K-ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.12/example3_12.txt b/182/CH3/EX3.12/example3_12.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..660937016 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.12/example3_12.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +
+12.Rl=28.2 K-ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.13/example3_13.sce b/182/CH3/EX3.13/example3_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..09d75526d --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.13/example3_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ + +//Given Data +clc; +Im=100e-6;// FSD=100 micro amps +e=1;// specified accuracy +//calculation +for n=1:2 + I=Im/n;//indicated current + Ie=(e/100)*Im;//error current + Imax=I+Ie;//actual measured maximum current + Imin=I-Ie;//actual measured minimum current + eI=(Ie/I)*100;//Percentage error in the measured currrent + printf("At %.1f FSD\n",1/n); +printf("Actual measured current=%d to %d micro-A\n",Imin*(1e+6),Imax*(1e+6)); +printf("error=(+/-)%d persent of measured current\n",eI); +printf("\n"); +end +//result +// At 1.000000 FSD +//Actual measured current=99 to 101 micro-A +//error=(+/-)1 persent of measured current + +//At 0.500000 FSD +//Actual measured current=49 to 51 micro-A +//error=(+/-)2 persent of measured current diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.13/example3_13.txt b/182/CH3/EX3.13/example3_13.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7b5f9b173 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.13/example3_13.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +13.At 1.000000 FSD
+Actual measured current=99 to 101 micro-A
+error=(+/-)1 persent of measured current
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.14/example3_14.sce b/182/CH3/EX3.14/example3_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d7afec9b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.14/example3_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + +// example 3-14 in page 61 +clc; +//Given Data +Eb=1.5;//battery rating in volts +Im=100e-6;// FSD=100 micro ampere +R=15e+3;// R1+Rx=15 K-ohm +//calculation +printf("meter indication when Rx=0 is %d micro-A (FSD)\n",(Eb/R+0)*10^6);// here Rx=0 +for n=0.25:0.25:0.75//FSD's in ampere at which resistance Rx should be calculated + Rx=(Eb/(n*Im))-R;// resistance in ohm + printf("Rx for %.2f FSD=%.0f K-ohm \n",n,Rx/1000); +end +//result +// meter indication when Rx=0 is 100 micro A (FSD) +//Rx for 0.25 FSD=45 K-ohm +//Rx for 0.5 FSD=15 K-ohm +//Rx for 0.75 FSD=5 K-ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.14/example3_14.txt b/182/CH3/EX3.14/example3_14.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..10d701427 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.14/example3_14.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +14. meter indication when Rx=0 is 100 micro-A (FSD)
+Rx for 0.25 FSD=45 K-ohm
+Rx for 0.5 FSD=15 K-ohm
+Rx for 0.75 FSD=5 K-ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.15/example3_15.sce b/182/CH3/EX3.15/example3_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..115e377de --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.15/example3_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ + +//example3-15 in page 63 +clc; +//Given data +R1=15e+3; // resistance R1=15 K-ohm +Rm=50;// coil resistance in ohm +R2=50;// resistance R2 in ohm +Im=50e-6;// FSD=50 micro-ampere +//calculations +printf("at Rx=0 & Eb=1.3 V,\n"); + Rx=0; Eb=1.3; + Ib=Eb/(Rx+R1); + I2=Ib-Im; + Vm=Im*Rm; + R21=Vm/I2;// the resistance R2 in ohm + printf("R2=%.2f ohm\n",R21); + for Eb=1.5:-0.2:1.3,// To find Rx + Vm=0.5*Im*Rm; + if Eb==1.3 + R2=R21; + end + I2=Vm/R2; + Ib=I2+Im*0.5; + Rx=(Eb/Ib)-R1; + printf("At 0.5 FSD with Eb=%.1f V,\n",Eb); + printf("Rx=%d K-ohm \n",Rx/1000); + end + //result +//at Rx=0 & Eb=1.3 V +//R2=68.181818 ohm +//At 0.5 FSD with Eb=1.5V, +//Rx=15 K-ohm +//At 0.5 FSD with Eb=1.3 V, +//Rx=15 K-ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.15/example3_15.txt b/182/CH3/EX3.15/example3_15.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..41f05696f --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.15/example3_15.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +15.at Rx=0 & Eb=1.3 V
+R2=68.18 ohm
+At 0.5 FSD with Eb=1.5 V,
+Rx=15 K-ohm
+At 0.5 FSD with Eb=1.3 V,
+Rx=15 K-ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.16/example3_16.sce b/182/CH3/EX3.16/example3_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a47fb6085 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.16/example3_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ + +// example 3-16 in page65 +clc; +//Given data +//the equivalent circuit is derived as shown in the fig3-24 from the R X 1 range ohmmeter circuit +E=1.5;// battery rating in volts +//calculation +for Rx=0:24:24,//Rx in ohm + Ib=E/(Rx+14+((10*(9990+2875+3820))/(9990+2875+3820))); + + Im=Ib*(10/(10+9990+2875+3820));// meter current + printf("meter current when Rx=%d ohm is %.2f micro-A\n",Rx,Im*1e+6); +end diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.16/example3_16.txt b/182/CH3/EX3.16/example3_16.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7d628cd4f --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.16/example3_16.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+16.meter current when Rx=0 ohm is 37.436358 micro-A=full scale =0 ohm
+meter current when Rx=24 ohm is 18.718179 micro-A=half scale=24 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.2/example3_2.sce b/182/CH3/EX3.2/example3_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e3a827a38 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.2/example3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//To find the voltage sensitivity and Megohm sensitivity
+// Example3-2 in page 39
+clc;
+//Given data
+Is=(1*10^-6)/(10^-3);// current sensitivity in A/m
+R=1000;// critical damping resistance of 1 kohm
+//calculation
+Vs=R*Is;//voltage sensitivity in mV/mm
+Rs=Vs/Is;// megohm sensitivity i M-ohm
+printf("Voltage sensitivity=%d mV/mm\n",Vs);
+printf("megohm sensitivity=%d M-ohm",Rs/1000);
+//result
+//Voltage sensitivity=1 mV/mm
+//Megohm sensitivity=1 Kohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.2/example3_2.txt b/182/CH3/EX3.2/example3_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c78b88ab3 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.2/example3_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +2.Voltage sensitivity=1 mV/mm
+megohm sensitivity=1 M-ohm
diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.3/example3_3.sce b/182/CH3/EX3.3/example3_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3a84519b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.3/example3_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ + +//example 3-3 in page 41 +clc; +//Given Data +A=['a' 'b' 'c']; +m=0; +Rm=99;//coil resistance in ohm +IM=0.1e-3;//FSD(IM)=0.1 mA +Rs=1;//shunt resistance in ohm +//calculation +n=2;//initialisation +while n>0.25, + n=n/2; + Im=IM*n; + Vm=Im*Rm;// Meter voltage in volts + Is=Vm/Rs;//current throught the shunt resistance in ampere + I=Im+Is;//toatal current through the ammeter I=Im+Is in ampere + m=m+1; + printf("(%c) current through the ammeter at %.2f FSD=%.1f mA\n",A(m),n,I*1000); +end diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.3/example3_3.txt b/182/CH3/EX3.3/example3_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6bc6cba20 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.3/example3_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+3.current through the ammeter at 1 FSD=0.01 A
+current through the ammeter at 0.5 FSD=0.005 A
+current through the ammeter at 0.25 FSD=0.0025 A
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.4/example3_4.sce b/182/CH3/EX3.4/example3_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b799f4e09 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.4/example3_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// To find the Shut resistance of the ammeter +// example 3-4 in paage 43 +clc; +//Given data +A=['b' 'a']; +Im=100*10^-6;// FSD(Im) in ampere +Rm=1000;// Coil resistance is 1 K-ohm +// calculation +I=10;// FSD initialisation +m=0; +while I>0.1, + I=I/10; + Vm=Im*Rm;//voltage across the meter in volts + Is=I-Im;//current through shunt resistance in ampere + Rs=Vm/Is;//shunt resistance in ohm + m=m+1; + printf("(%c) shunt resistance value for %.1f A FSD is %f ohm\n ",A(m),I,Rs); +end diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.4/example3_4.txt b/182/CH3/EX3.4/example3_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6d9ce1802 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.4/example3_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+4.(b) shunt resistance for 1 A FSD is 0.100010 ohm
+(a) shunt resistance for 100 mA FSD is 1.001001 ohm
diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.5/example3_5.sce b/182/CH3/EX3.5/example3_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..721bda66c --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.5/example3_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +//Theory problem
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.5/example3_5.txt b/182/CH3/EX3.5/example3_5.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..076781112 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.5/example3_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + Ammeter range when switch is at B is 10.05 mA
+Ammeter range when switch is at C is 100.50 mA
+Ammeter range when switch is at D is 1005.00 mA
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.6/example3_6.sce b/182/CH3/EX3.6/example3_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..49b1c5dbc --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.6/example3_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + +//Theory
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.6/example3_6.txt b/182/CH3/EX3.6/example3_6.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5303845f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.6/example3_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+6. the applied voltage when instrument indicates 0.800000 FSD=40 V
+the applied voltage when instrument indicates 0.500000 FSD=25 V
+the applied voltage when instrument indicates 0.200000 FSD=10 V
diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.7/example3_7.sce b/182/CH3/EX3.7/example3_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b014f03df --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.7/example3_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +// To find the required multiplier resistance for the two given circuits
+//Example3-7 in page 49
+clc;
+//Given data
+V=[10 50 100];// voltage ranges in volt
+Im=50e-6;// FSD=50 micro-A
+Rm=1700;// coil resistance in ohm
+//calculation
+printf("for circuit as in figure 3-16(a)\n");
+for n=1:3
+ R=(V(n)/Im)-Rm;
+ printf("R%d=%.4f M ohm\n",n,R/10^6);
+end
+printf("for circuit as in figure 3-16(b)\n");
+R=zeros(1,3);
+for n=1:3
+ R(n)=(V(n)/Im)-Rm-R(1)-R(2);
+ printf("R%d=%.4f M ohm \n",n,R(n)/10^6);
+end
+//result
+// for circuit as in figure 3-16(a)
+//R1=198300 ohm
+//R2=998300 ohm
+//R3=1998300 ohm
+//for circuit as in figure 3-16(b)
+//R1=198300 ohm
+//R2=800000 ohm
+//R3=1000000 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.7/example3_7.txt b/182/CH3/EX3.7/example3_7.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..efa0ebcac --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.7/example3_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +
+7. for circuit as in figure 3-16(a)
+R1=198300 ohm
+R2=998300 ohm
+R3=1998300 ohm
+for circuit as in figure 3-16(b)
+R1=198300 ohm
+R2=800000 ohm
+R3=1000000 ohm
diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.7/example3_7.xcos b/182/CH3/EX3.7/example3_7.xcos new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ecf8fe693 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.7/example3_7.xcos @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><XcosDiagram background="-1" title="example3-7"><!--Xcos - 1.0 - scilab-5.3.2 - 20110511 1831--><Array as="context" scilabClass="String[]"><add value=""/><add value="0"/></Array><mxGraphModel as="model"><root><mxCell id="-c3ae985:131513f8ae1:-7f2d"/><mxCell id="-c3ae985:131513f8ae1:-7f2e" parent="-c3ae985:131513f8ae1:-7f2d"/><BasicBlock dependsOnU="1" id="-c3ae985:131513f8ae1:-7f0e" interfaceFunctionName="Resistor" parent="-c3ae985:131513f8ae1:-7f2e" simulationFunctionName="resistor" simulationFunctionType="DEFAULT" style="Resistor;flip=false;mirror=false"><ScilabString as="exprs" height="1" width="1"><data column="0" line="0" value="0.01"/></ScilabString><ScilabDouble as="realParameters" height="1" width="1"><data column="0" line="0" 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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.8/example3_7.sce b/182/CH3/EX3.8/example3_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bb896d543 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.8/example3_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// To find the required multiplier resistance for the two given circuits +//Example3-7 in page 49 +clc; +//Given data +V=[10 50 100];// voltage ranges in volt +Im=50e-6;// FSD=50 micro-A +Rm=1700;// coil resistance in ohm +//calculation +printf("for circuit as in figure 3-16(a)\n"); +for n=1:3 + R=(V(n)/Im)-Rm; + printf("R%d=%.4f M ohm\n",n,R/10^6); +end +printf("for circuit as in figure 3-16(b)\n"); +R=zeros(1,3); +for n=1:3 + R(n)=(V(n)/Im)-Rm-R(1)-R(2); + printf("R%d=%.4f M ohm \n",n,R(n)/10^6); +end diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.8/example3_7.txt b/182/CH3/EX3.8/example3_7.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..efa0ebcac --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.8/example3_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +
+7. for circuit as in figure 3-16(a)
+R1=198300 ohm
+R2=998300 ohm
+R3=1998300 ohm
+for circuit as in figure 3-16(b)
+R1=198300 ohm
+R2=800000 ohm
+R3=1000000 ohm
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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.9/example3_9.sce b/182/CH3/EX3.9/example3_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7259082f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.9/example3_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ + +// example 3-9 in page 53 +clc; +//given data +A=['a' 'b']; +Rm=1e+3;// coil resistance of 1 k ohm +Rs=890.7e+3;//multiplier resistance in ohm +Vf=0.7;//voltage drop across the diode in volt +//calculation +m=0;// reference to indicate a and b respectively +for n=75:-25:50 //voltages 50 and 75 volts + Iav=(0.637)*(((1.414*n)-2*Vf)/(Rs+Rm));// average current through pmcc instrument in ampere + m=m+1; + printf("(%c),\nIav for %d V is %.2f micro-A\n",A(m),n,Iav*10^6); + printf("pointer indication for %d V is %.2f FSD\n",n,10000*Iav); +end diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.9/example3_9.txt b/182/CH3/EX3.9/example3_9.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..25bdeac4b --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.9/example3_9.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +9. (a),
+Iav for 75 V is 74.76 micro-A
+pointer indication for 75 V is 0.75 FSD
+(b),
+Iav for 50 V is 49.51 micro-A
+pointer indication for 50 V is 0.50 FSD
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH4/EX4.1/example4_1.sce b/182/CH4/EX4.1/example4_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6b0588c98 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH4/EX4.1/example4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// To find the meter current and the voltmeter resistance
+//example 4-1 in page 88
+clc;
+
+//given data
+Vcc=20;//Vcc in volts
+R=9.3e+3;// R=Rs+Rm=9.3 K-ohm
+Im=1e-3'// Im=1 mA
+hfe=100;
+E=10;// E in volts
+Vb=0.7;//voltage drop across base in volts
+
+// calculation
+Ve=E-Vb;// emitter voltage in volts
+printf("meter current=%d mA\n",Ve*1000/R);
+Ib=Im/hfe;// base current
+printf("input resistance with transistor = %d M-ohm\n",E/(Ib*1000000));
+printf("input resistance with out transistor = %.1f K-ohm\n",R/1000);
+//result
+//meter current = 1 mA
+//input resistance with transistor = 1 M-ohm
+//input resistance with out transistor = 9300 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH4/EX4.1/example4_1.txt b/182/CH4/EX4.1/example4_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e4c731df4 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH4/EX4.1/example4_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+1.meter current=1 mA
+input resistance with transistor=1 M-ohm
+nput resistance with out transistor=9300 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH4/EX4.2/example4_2.sce b/182/CH4/EX4.2/example4_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..dbd958fe4 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH4/EX4.2/example4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +// To find currents I2 and I3 and calculate the meter circuit voltage in the given circuit
+//example 4-2 in page 89
+clc;
+//Given data
+R2=3.9e+3;//resistance R2=R3=3.9 K-ohm
+R3=R2;
+Vcc=12;//Vcc in volt
+Vee=-12;// Vee in volt
+Vbe=0.7;// voltage drop across the base_emitter
+Vp=0;// base voltage of transistor 2
+//calculation
+VR2=0-Vbe-Vee;
+VR3=VR2;
+I2=VR2/R2;
+I3=I2;
+printf("I2=I3=%.1f mA\n",I2*1000);
+for E=1:-0.5:0.5// voltage applied to the base of transistor 1 in volts
+ Ve1=E-Vbe;// emitter voltage of transistor 1
+ Ve2=Vp-Vbe;// emitter voltage of transistor 2
+ V=Ve1-Ve2;// voltage difference b/w the two emitters
+ printf("when E=%.1f V,\n",E);
+ printf("circuit voltage (V)=%.1f V\n",V);
+end
+//result
+//I2=I3=2.9 mA
+//when E=1.0 V,
+//circuit voltage (V)=1.0 V
+//when E=0.5 V,
+//circuit voltage (V)=0.5 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH4/EX4.2/example4_2.txt b/182/CH4/EX4.2/example4_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a0039dc13 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH4/EX4.2/example4_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+2.I2=I3=0.002897 A
+when E=1
+circuit voltage (V)=1.000000 V
+when E=0
+circuit voltage (V)=0.500000 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH4/EX4.3/example4_3.sce b/182/CH4/EX4.3/example4_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f3059e1c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH4/EX4.3/example4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + +// example 4-3 in page 93 +clc; +//Given data +Range=10;//range in volts +Ra=800e+3; Rb=100e+3; Rc=60e+3; Rd=40e+3; // given resistance values in ohm +E=7.5; //battery voltage in volts +Vgs=-5;// gate source voltage in volts +Vp=5;// base voltage of transistor 2 in volts +R=1e+3;// R=Rs+Rm=1 K-ohm +Im=1e-3;//FSD=1 mA +Vbe=0.7//base emitter voltage in volt +//calculation +Eg=E*((Rc+Rd)/(Ra+Rb+Rc+Rd));//gate voltage +Vs=Eg-Vgs;//souce voltage +Ve1=Vs-Vbe;// emitter voltage of transistor 1 +Ve2=Vp-Vbe;//emitter voltage of transistor 2 +V=Ve1-Ve2;// voltage difference b/w the two emitters +I=V/R; +P=I/Im;//P% of full scale +printf("THE METER READING=%.1f V\n",P*Range); +//result +//THE METER READING=7.500000 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH4/EX4.3/example4_3.txt b/182/CH4/EX4.3/example4_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..cd1690192 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH4/EX4.3/example4_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +
+3.THE METER READING=7.500000 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH4/EX4.4/example4_4.sce b/182/CH4/EX4.4/example4_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8e7a32f82 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH4/EX4.4/example4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// to determine the resistance values for the circuit in the figure4-7
+//example 4-4 in page 97
+clc;
+//Given data
+E=20e-3;//maximum input voltage = 20 mV
+Ib=0.2e-6;//op-amp input current 0.2 micro amps
+Im=100e-6;//FSD=100 micro amps
+Rm=10e+3;// coil resistance in 10 k-ohm
+//As I4>>Ib select
+I4=1000*Ib;// current in ampere
+// at full scale Im=100 micro-A
+Vout=Im*Rm;
+printf("R3=%d ohm\n",E/I4);
+printf("R4=%.1f K-ohm\n",(Vout-E)/(1000*I4));
+//result
+//R3=100 ohm
+//R4=4900 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH4/EX4.4/example4_4.txt b/182/CH4/EX4.4/example4_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d9bd5be04 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH4/EX4.4/example4_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+4. R3=100 ohm
+R4=4900 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH4/EX4.5/example4_5.sce b/182/CH4/EX4.5/example4_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9597ded55 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH4/EX4.5/example4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ + +//example 4-5 in page 98 +clc; +//data given +E=1;// E=1 V +Im=1e-3;//FSD=1 mA +Rm=100;// Rm in ohm +//calculation +R3=E/Im; +printf("R3=%d K-ohm\n",R3/1000); +printf("Vout=%.1f V\n",Im*(R3+Rm)); +//result +//R3=1 K-ohm +//Vout=1.1 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH4/EX4.5/example4_5.txt b/182/CH4/EX4.5/example4_5.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a8f41bf28 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH4/EX4.5/example4_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+5.R3=100 ohm
+R4=4900 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH4/EX4.6/example4_6.sce b/182/CH4/EX4.6/example4_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4b2cb87c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH4/EX4.6/example4_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ + +// example 4-6 in page 100 +clc; +// data give +Eb=1.5;// Full scale voltage in volts +R1=1e+3;//R1=1 K-ohm +//calculation +for n=1:2 + E=Eb*(n/3);// 1/3rd and 2/3rd value of full scale + Rx=R1/((Eb/E)-1); + printf("at %d/3 FSD, Rx=%d ohm\n",n,Rx) +end diff --git a/182/CH4/EX4.6/example4_6.txt b/182/CH4/EX4.6/example4_6.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0ebce895d --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH4/EX4.6/example4_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +6.at 1/3 FSD, Rx=500 ohm
+at 2/3 FSD, Rx=2000 ohm
diff --git a/182/CH4/EX4.7/example4_7.sce b/182/CH4/EX4.7/example4_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0c0de9831 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH4/EX4.7/example4_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ + +// example 4-7 in page 107 +clc; +// Given data +Iav=1e-3;//for, FSD the average meter current is 1 mA +Rm=1.2e+3;// coil resistance 1.2 K-ohm +E=100e-3;// ac input rms voltage=100 mV +//calculations +Ip=(2/0.637)*Iav;// peak current for half wave rectifier +Ep=E/0.707;// input peak voltage +R3=Ep/Ip; +printf("R3=%d ohm\n\n",R3); +printf("When E=50 mV,\n"); +Ep=(50e-3)/0.707; +Ip=Ep/R3; +printf("meter deflection=Iav=%.1f mA\n",(0.637/2)*Ip*1000);//half scale diff --git a/182/CH4/EX4.7/example4_7.txt b/182/CH4/EX4.7/example4_7.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..06012aff9 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH4/EX4.7/example4_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+7. R3=45 ohm
+When E=50 mV,
+meter deflection=Iav=0.000500 A
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH5/EX5.1/example5_1.sce b/182/CH5/EX5.1/example5_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ba9eda331 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH5/EX5.1/example5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// to find the high and low output voltage values
+// example 5-1 in page 120
+clc;
+//Given data
+Vcc=5;// DC source in volts
+Io=1e-3;// output current= 1mA
+R1=1e+3;//R1=1K-ohm
+Vi=0;//lowest input voltage
+Vd=0.7;// silicon-diode drop in volts
+//calculation
+printf("High output voltage=%d V\n",Vcc-(Io*R1));
+printf("low output voltage=%.1f V\n",Vi+Vd);
+//result
+//High output voltage=4 V
+//low output voltage=0.7 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH5/EX5.1/example5_1.txt b/182/CH5/EX5.1/example5_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1ce44d1bb --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH5/EX5.1/example5_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+1.Highest out put voltage=4 V
+lowest output voltage=0.700000 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH5/EX5.2/5_2.txt b/182/CH5/EX5.2/5_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a70319809 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH5/EX5.2/5_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+2.Vb1=-1.657143 V
+Vc1=4.395973 V
diff --git a/182/CH5/EX5.2/Example5_2.sce b/182/CH5/EX5.2/Example5_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8987b11e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH5/EX5.2/Example5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// To find the collector and base voltages
+// example 5-2 in page 121
+clc;
+// Given data
+R1=15e+3; R2=27e+3; Rc1=2.7e+3; R11=R1; R21=R2; //resistance values in Ohm where R11=R1' and R21=R2'
+Vc2=0.2;// collector voltage of on transistor in volt
+Vce=Vc2;//collector-emitter saturation voltage in volt
+Vbb=-5;//dc power supply in volt
+Vcc=5;//dc power supply in volt
+//calculations
+Vr1r2=Vc2-Vbb;//voltage across Ri and R2 in volt
+Vr1=(R1/(R1+R2))*Vr1r2;// voltage across R1 resistor in volt
+Vb1=Vc2-Vr1;// base voltage
+printf("Vb1=%.1f V\n",Vb1);
+//with Q1 off
+Vrc1=(Rc1/(Rc1+R11+R21))*(Vcc-Vbb);
+Vc1=Vcc-Vrc1;// collector voltage in volt
+printf("Vc1=%.1f V",Vc1);
+//result
+//Vb1=-1.657143 V
+//Vc1=4.395973 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH5/EX5.3/5_3.txt b/182/CH5/EX5.3/5_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d2e9dede0 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH5/EX5.3/5_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +3case 1,
+Total current=0.460000 A
+case 2,
+Total current=0.006900 A
diff --git a/182/CH5/EX5.3/example5_3.sce b/182/CH5/EX5.3/example5_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d998d4f5d --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH5/EX5.3/example5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ + +//example 5-3 in page 124 +clc; +// Given data +// 3(1/2) digit display +If1=20e-3;//forward current per segment of led=20 mA +If2=300e-6;//forward current per segment of lcd +//calculations +for n=1:2 + if n==1 + I=If1; + else I=If2; + end + It=3*7*I+2*I;// each digit has 7 segments and there are three digits with a half digit that has 2 segments + printf("case %d,\n Total current=%.0f mA\n",n,It*1000); +end +//result +// case 1, +//Total current=0.460000 A +//case 2, +//Total current=0.006900 A +
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH5/EX5.4/5_4.txt b/182/CH5/EX5.4/5_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..80b791c41 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH5/EX5.4/5_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +4.output frequency=244 hertz
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH5/EX5.4/example5_4.sce b/182/CH5/EX5.4/example5_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a2d1fcccd --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH5/EX5.4/example5_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// to find the out put frequency in fig 5-10
+// example 5-4 in page 130
+clc;
+//Given data
+To=1e-6;//oscillator time period=1 micro-second
+N=16;// modulus number of the counter = 16
+n=3;// number of counters
+//calculations
+T=To*(N^n);//out put time period
+printf("output frequency=%d hertz",1/T);//output frequency
+//result
+//output frequency=244 hertz
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH5/EX5.5/5_5.txt b/182/CH5/EX5.5/5_5.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4ed1f43de --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH5/EX5.5/5_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +5.number of pulses counted for Vi=0.750000 V are 75000
+number of pulses counted for Vi=0.900000 V are 90000
diff --git a/182/CH5/EX5.5/example5_5.sce b/182/CH5/EX5.5/example5_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f5403b3ff --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH5/EX5.5/example5_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//To find the number of pulses counted
+//example5-5 in page 131
+clc;
+//data given
+Vr=1.25;//peak voltage of ramp in volts
+tr=125e-3;//time period of the ramp=1.25 ms
+T=1/(1e+6);// frequency =1 Mhz and time period of the clock pulses is 1/f
+for Vi=0.75:(0.9-0.75):0.9,// analog input voltages for which clock pulses has to b found
+ t1=(tr/Vr)*Vi;//time period of the comparator high out put
+ N=t1/T;// pulses counted
+ printf("number of pulses counted for Vi=%.2f V are %d\n",Vi,N/100);
+end
+//result
+//number of pulses counted for Vi=0.750000 V are 750
+//number of pulses counted for Vi=0.900000 V are 900
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH5/EX5.6/5_6.txt b/182/CH5/EX5.6/5_6.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..abc2f6952 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH5/EX5.6/5_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +6.for less 1percent error,use n=7
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH5/EX5.6/exampke5_6.sce b/182/CH5/EX5.6/exampke5_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f0231db72 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH5/EX5.6/exampke5_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + +// example 5-6 in page 133 +clc; +//Given data +//error should be less thsn 1% +// for less than 1% error count>=100 +n=6; +N=0; +while(N<100) +N=(2^n)-1;//count value +if(N<100) +n=n+1;//increment n and check weather N has exceeded 100 +end +end +printf("for less 1percent error,use n=%d\n",n); +//end +// for less 1percent error,use n=7
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH5/EX5.7/5_7.txt b/182/CH5/EX5.7/5_7.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..21ac8386d --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH5/EX5.7/5_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +
+7.out put voltage=6.250000 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH5/EX5.7/example5_7.sce b/182/CH5/EX5.7/example5_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fed413092 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH5/EX5.7/example5_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ + +// example 5-7 in page 135 +clc; +//Given data +D=8; C=0; B=2; A=0; //corresponding analog input voltages for the digital input 1-0-1-0 +Vi=10;//input voltage in volts +//calculation +Vo=(D+C+B+A)*Vi/16;// output voltage +printf("out put voltage=%.2f V",Vo); +//result +//out put voltage=6.25 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH6/EX6.1/6_1.txt b/182/CH6/EX6.1/6_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e0101cb9a --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH6/EX6.1/6_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +1.maximum time for the dac=1.332667 ms
+suggested frequency of the ramp=600 Hz
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH6/EX6.1/example6_1.sce b/182/CH6/EX6.1/example6_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d6ecf67e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH6/EX6.1/example6_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +//Theory Problem
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH6/EX6.2/6_2.txt b/182/CH6/EX6.2/6_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fd4a53cb0 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH6/EX6.2/6_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+2.result
+measurement accuracy for analog voltmeter=(+/-)2.500000 percent
+measurement accuracy for digital voltmeter=(+/-)1.100000 percent
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH6/EX6.2/example6_2.sce b/182/CH6/EX6.2/example6_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5a70aa308 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH6/EX6.2/example6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + +//Theory Problem
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH6/EX6.3/6_3.txt b/182/CH6/EX6.3/6_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d30befdcf --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH6/EX6.3/6_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +measurement accuracy for analog voltmeter=(+/-)2.500000 percent
+measurement accuracy for digital voltmeter=(+/-)1.100000 percent
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH6/EX6.3/example6_3.sce b/182/CH6/EX6.3/example6_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d6ecf67e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH6/EX6.3/example6_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +//Theory Problem
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH6/EX6.4/6_4.txt b/182/CH6/EX6.4/6_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9d5936f4f --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH6/EX6.4/6_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +4.percentage measurement error=(+/-)1.000100 percent
+percentage measurement error=(+/-)0.000200 percent
+percentage measurement error=(+/-)0.000101 percent
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH6/EX6.4/example6_4.sce b/182/CH6/EX6.4/example6_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e3937ce44 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH6/EX6.4/example6_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +//THEORY PROBLEM
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH7/EX7.1/7_1.txt b/182/CH7/EX7.1/7_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ab4c60d74 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH7/EX7.1/7_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +
+1.The value of R=990 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH7/EX7.1/example7_1.sce b/182/CH7/EX7.1/example7_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8a26fb8d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH7/EX7.1/example7_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// To find the value of measured Resistance R +// example 7-1 in page 165 +clc; +// Given data +I=0.5;//measured current in amps +V=500;// voltmeter indication in volts +Ra=10;//ammeter resistance in ohms +//calculation +R=(V/I)-Ra;// measured resistance +printf("The value of R=%d ohm",R); +//result +// The value of R=990 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH7/EX7.2/7_2.txt b/182/CH7/EX7.2/7_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b65e71cde --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH7/EX7.2/7_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+2.voltmeter reading-494 V
+Ammeter reading-0.500049 A
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH7/EX7.2/example7_2.sce b/182/CH7/EX7.2/example7_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b0227e496 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH7/EX7.2/example7_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// To find the ammeter and ohmeter indication for the circuit 7-1(a)
+// example 7-2 in page 166
+clc;
+//Data given
+V=1000; S=10e+3; // voltmeter range and sensitivity in volt and ohm/volt
+R=990;// the resistance measured
+E=500;// supply voltage in volts
+Ra=10;// ammeter resistance in ohm
+//calculaTION
+Rv=V*S;// voltmeter resistance
+R1=(R*Rv)/(R+Rv);// as voltmeter is connected in parallel with the measured resistance, the equivalent resistance is the parallel combination of both resistancs
+Ev=(E*R1)/(R1+Ra);// voltmeter reading using voltage divider formula
+I=Ev/R1;// ammeter reading
+printf("voltmeter reading=%.0f V\nAmmeter reading=%.1f A\n",Ev,I);
+//result
+//voltmeter reading=495 V
+//Ammeter reading=0.5 A
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH7/EX7.3/7_3.txt b/182/CH7/EX7.3/7_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bdc35b92a --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH7/EX7.3/7_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+3.R from circuit 7-1(a)=990 ohm
+ R from circuit 7-1(b)=1000 ohm
+ thus circuit 7-1(a) gives the more accurate result
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH7/EX7.3/example7_3.sce b/182/CH7/EX7.3/example7_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ecc1700c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH7/EX7.3/example7_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// To determine which of the circuits 7-1(a) or 7-2(b) has greater accuracy
+// example 7-3 in page 166
+clc;
+//Data given
+V1=495; I1=0.5; // voltmeter and ammeter reading in volt and ampere respectively of circuit 7-1(a)
+V2=500; I2=0.5;// voltmeter and ammeter reading in volt and ampere respectively of circuit 7-1(b)
+//calculation
+printf("R from circuit 7-1(a)=%d ohm\nR from circuit 7-1(b)=%d ohm\n",V1/I1,V2/I2);
+printf("thus circuit 7-1(a) gives the more accurate result");
+//result
+//R from circuit 7-1(a)=990 ohm
+//R from circuit 7-1(b)=1000 ohm
+//thus circuit 7-1(a) gives the more accurate result
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH7/EX7.4/7_4.txt b/182/CH7/EX7.4/7_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..90db497b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH7/EX7.4/7_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +
+4.Measurement range is from 500 ohm to 4000 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH7/EX7.4/example7_4.sce b/182/CH7/EX7.4/example7_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c9dbb4478 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH7/EX7.4/example7_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// to calculate the value of Resistance R
+// example 7-4 in page 169
+clc;
+// data given
+P=3.5e+3; Q=7e+3; S=5.51e+3; // resistance values of the wheatstone bridge arms in ohm
+//calculation
+R=S*P/Q;// equation for balancng condition
+printf("R=%f K-ohm\n",R/1000);
+S=[1e+3 8e+3];// adjusting s from 1 t0 8 K-ohm
+for n=1:2
+ R=S(n)*P/Q;
+ printf("when S=%d K-ohm,\n",S(n)/1000);
+ printf("R=%d ohm\n",R);
+end
+//result
+//Measurement range is from 500 ohm to 4000 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH7/EX7.5/7_5.txt b/182/CH7/EX7.5/7_5.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d0384328f --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH7/EX7.5/7_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +5.the upper and lower limits of R are 2.760510 K-ohm and 2.749490 K-ohm respectively
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH7/EX7.5/example7_5.sce b/182/CH7/EX7.5/example7_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5299e7046 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH7/EX7.5/example7_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// To calculate the accuracy of the measured value of resistance and to find the upper and lower values
+// example 7-5 in page 169
+clc;
+//Data given
+R=2.755e+3;//measured value of R in ohm
+E=[0.05 0.05 0.1]// percentage errors of the resistances P Q and S respectivly
+//calculation
+Re=sum(E);// percentage error in R
+Rmax=R+((Re/100)*R);//upper limit of resistance R in ohm
+Rmin=R-((Re/100)*R);// lower limit of resistance R in ohm
+printf("the upper and lower limits of R are %.4f K-ohm and %.4f K-ohm respectively",Rmax/1000,Rmin/1000);
+//result
+// the upper and lower limits of R are 2.760510 K-ohm and 2.749490 K-ohm respectively
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH7/EX7.6/7_6.txt b/182/CH7/EX7.6/7_6.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3072cf314 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH7/EX7.6/7_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +6.the minimum change in R which is detected by the bridge is 5.466141 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH7/EX7.6/example7_6.sce b/182/CH7/EX7.6/example7_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..561118190 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH7/EX7.6/example7_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// to calculate the minimum change detectable by the bridge
+// example 7-6 in page 172
+clc;
+//Given data
+P=3.5e+3; Q=7e+3; S=4e+3; R=2e+3; // bridge arm resistances in ohm
+Eb=10;// supply voltage in volt
+Ig=1e-6;//galvano meter reading in ampere
+rg=2.5e+3;//galvanometer resistance=2.5 K-ohm
+//calculations
+r=((P*R)/(P+R))+((Q*S)/(Q+S));// internal resistance of the bridge in ohm
+dVR=Ig*(r+rg);// open-circuit galvano meter voltage i,e VR-VS in volt
+VR=Eb*R/(R+P);// voltage across resistance R in volt
+VP=Eb-(VR+dVR);//voltage across resistance P in volt
+IR=VP/P;// current through P which is equal to current through R in ampere
+dR=((VR+dVR)/IR)-R;//Change in R value that the device can detect in ohm
+printf("the minimum change in R which is detected by the bridge is %f ohm\n",dR);
+//result
+// the minimum change in R which is detected by the bridge is 5.466141 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH7/EX7.7/7_7.txt b/182/CH7/EX7.7/7_7.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ad7ca54a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH7/EX7.7/7_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +
+7. the required ratio is 0.666667
diff --git a/182/CH7/EX7.7/example7_7.sce b/182/CH7/EX7.7/example7_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e323fb1bf --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH7/EX7.7/example7_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// to determinr the required ratio of R/P
+// example 7-7 in page 176
+clc;
+// Given data
+S=0.1; Q=0.15; // resistances in ohm
+//calculation
+r=S/Q;// here R/P=S/Q
+printf("the required ratio is %d/%d",(S*100),(Q*100));
+//result
+// the required ratio is 10/15
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH7/EX7.8/7_8.txt b/182/CH7/EX7.8/7_8.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6147b4818 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH7/EX7.8/7_8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +8.volume resistance=666666666 ohm
+ surface leakage resistance=285714285 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH7/EX7.8/example7_8.sce b/182/CH7/EX7.8/example7_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..58c2cb0dd --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH7/EX7.8/example7_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// to find the volume resistance and the surface leakage resistance
+// example 7-8 in page 180
+clc;
+//Data given
+Is=5e-6;// surface current in ampere
+Iv=1.5e-6;// volume current in ampere
+E=10000;// supply voltage in volt
+// calculation
+printf("volume resistance=%0.1e ohm\n",E/Iv);
+printf("surface leakage resistance=%0.1e ohm",E/(Is-Iv));
+//result
+//volume resistance=6.7e+009 ohm
+//surface leakage resistance=2.9e+009 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.1/8_1.txt b/182/CH8/EX8.1/8_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0df612ea7 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.1/8_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +1.since the measured terminal resistance is 134 k-ohm, the circuit must consist of a 0.005 micro-farad capacitor connected in parallel with a 134 kilo-ohm resistor.For a series connected circuit. the terminal resistance would be much higher than 134 K-ohm
diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.1/example8_1.sce b/182/CH8/EX8.1/example8_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ac936b970 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.1/example8_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +// To find the components and connections +// example 8-1 in page 194 +clc; +// Given data +C=0.005e-6; Rs=8e+3; f=1e+3; // the circuits capacitance,resistance and measurement frequency in farad, ohm and hertz respectively +ohm_meter_reading=134e+3;// in ohm +//calculation +Xs=1/(2*%pi*f*C);//series inductive reactance in ohm +Rp=(Rs*Rs+Xs*Xs)/Rs;// parallel resistance ih ohm +Xp=(Rs*Rs+Xs*Xs)/Xs;// parallel inductive reactance in ohm +Cp=1/(2*%pi*f*Xp);// parallel capacitance in farad +printf("Rp=%d K-ohm\nXp=%.1f K-ohm\nCp=%.3f micro-F",Rp/1000,Xp/1000,Cp*1000000); +//result +// since the measured terminal resistance is 134 k-ohm, the circuit must consist of a 0.005 micro-farad capacitor connected in parallel with a 134 kilo-ohm resistor.For a series connected circuit. the terminal resistance would be much higher than 134 K-ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.10/8_10.txt b/182/CH8/EX8.10/8_10.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fe75f8610 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.10/8_10.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +10.Cx=212 pF
+ Rx=25.580027 M-ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.10/example8_10.sce b/182/CH8/EX8.10/example8_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9833b16b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.10/example8_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// to find Cx and Rx of figure 8-7 for new balance
+// example 8-10 in page 214
+clc;
+//Data given
+C1=0.1e-6; R3=10e+3; R4=14.66e+3; R1=369.3e+3; //bridge capacitance and resistance in farad and ohm respectively
+Rp=553.1e+3; Cp=0.068e-6;// parallel resistance in ohm and capacitance in farad
+//calculations
+Cx=(C1*R3/R4)-Cp;// here Cx+Cp = C1*R3/R4 in farad
+printf("Cx=%d pF\n",Cx*10^12);
+R=R1*R4/R3;// let R=Rx parallel with Rp in ohm
+Rx=1/((1/R)-(1/Rp));// Rx in ohm
+printf("Rx=%.0f M-ohm\n",Rx/10^6);
+//result
+//Cx=212 pF
+//Rx=26 M-ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.11/8_11.txt b/182/CH8/EX8.11/8_11.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..60208c29d --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.11/8_11.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +11.for 1 st coil,
+ voltmeter indication=2 V
+ Q=20
+ for 2 st coil,
+ voltmeter indication=1 V
+ Q=10
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.11/example8_11.sce b/182/CH8/EX8.11/example8_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..02952da47 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.11/example8_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// to determine the Q factor
+// example 8-11 in page 221
+clc;
+//Data given
+E=100D-3; R=[5 10]; XC=100; XL=XC; // supply resistance, capacitive reactance and inductive reactance respectively for the fig 8-17, all in ohm
+//calculation
+for n=1:2
+ I=E/R(n);// current in ampere
+ V=I*XC;// VL=VC=V and XC=XL, voltage in volts
+ Q=V/E;// Q factor
+ printf("for %d st coil,\n",n);
+ printf("voltmeter indication=%d V\n",V);
+ printf("Q=%d\n",Q);
+end
+//result
+//for 1 st coil,
+//voltmeter indication=2 V
+//Q=20
+//for 2 st coil,
+//voltmeter indication=1 V
+//Q=10
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.12/8_12.txt b/182/CH8/EX8.12/8_12.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1f2b19134 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.12/8_12.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+12.inductance=110.281560 micro-henry
+ R=8.838259 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.12/example8_12.sce b/182/CH8/EX8.12/example8_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e17e7b092 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.12/example8_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// To Determine the coil inductance and the resistance
+// example 8-12 in page 225
+clc;
+// Data given
+f=1.25e+6; C=147D-12; Q=98; // frequency in hertz, Capacitance in farad and Q factor of the Q metre
+//calculation
+L=1/((2*%pi*f)^2*C);// inductance in henry
+printf("inductance=%.0f micro-henry\n",L*10^6);
+printf("R=%.1f ohm",(2*%pi*f*L)/Q);
+//result
+//inductance=110 micro-henry
+//R=8.8 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.2/8_2.txt b/182/CH8/EX8.2/8_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1a165f326 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.2/8_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +
+2.The range of Cx is from 0.001000 micro-F to 10 micro-F
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.2/example8_2.sce b/182/CH8/EX8.2/example8_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..43e95ae04 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.2/example8_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// to find the range of Cx in fig 8-5
+// example 8-2 in page 199
+clc;
+// data given
+C1=0.1e-6; //standard capacitance in micro farad
+r=[100/1 1/100];// range of the ratio R3/R4
+Cx=C1*r;// range of Cx
+printf("The range of Cx is from %.3f micro-F to %d micro-F",Cx(2)*10^6,Cx(1)*10^6);
+//result
+//The range of Cx is from 0.001 micro-F to 10 micro-F
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.3/8_3.txt b/182/CH8/EX8.3/8_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fb086da13 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.3/8_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+3.Cs=0.068027 micro-F
+ Rs=183.750000 ohm
+ D=0.007854
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.3/example8_3.sce b/182/CH8/EX8.3/example8_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..987b95890 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.3/example8_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// to find the capacitance, resistance and the dissipation factor
+// example 8-3 in page 202
+clc;
+//Given data
+f=100;// frequency in Hz
+C1=0.1e-6;// satndard capacitance in farad
+R=[125 0 10e+3 14.7e+3];// resistances R1,R3 and R4 values in ohms as R2 is not used it is take as 0 for convinence
+//calculation
+Cs=C1*(R(3)/R(4));//series capacitance
+Rs=R(1)*R(4)/R(3);// series resistance
+D=2*%pi*f*Cs*Rs;// dissipation factor
+printf("Cs=%.3f micro-F\nRs=%.1f ohm\nD=%.3f",Cs*10^6,Rs,D);
+//result
+//Cs=0.068 micro-F
+//Rs=183.8 ohm
+//D=0.008
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.4/8_4.txt b/182/CH8/EX8.4/8_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9a872c868 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.4/8_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+4.Cp=0.068027 micro-F
+ Rp=551.250000 K-ohm
+ D=0.042441
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.4/example8_4.sce b/182/CH8/EX8.4/example8_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f0653acfd --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.4/example8_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// To find the resistance,capacitance and dissipation factors
+// example 8-4 in page 204
+clc;
+//Given Data
+f=100;// frequency in Hz
+C1=0.1e-6;// satndard capacitance in farad
+R=[375e+3 0 10e+3 14.7e+3];// resistances R1,R3 and R4 values in ohms as R2 is not used it is take as 0 for convinence
+//calculation
+Cp=C1*(R(3)/R(4));//parallel capacitance in farad
+Rp=R(1)*R(4)/R(3);// parallel resistance in ohm
+D=1/(2*%pi*f*Cp*Rp);// dissipation factor
+printf("Cp=%.3f micro-F\nRp=%.1f K-ohm\nD=%2.1e\n",Cp*10^6,Rp/1000,D);
+//result
+// Cp=0.068027 micro-F
+//Rp=551.250000 K-ohm
+//D=0.042441
+
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.5/8_5.txt b/182/CH8/EX8.5/8_5.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b935ae0d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.5/8_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+5.Rp=2.980600 M-ohm
+ Cp=0.067996 Micro-F
+ R1=2.026683 M-ohm
+ R4=14.706789 K-ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.5/example8_5.sce b/182/CH8/EX8.5/example8_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..53c2a3c3d --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.5/example8_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// to calculate the equivalent parallel capacitance and resistance
+// example 8-5 in page 204
+clc;
+//Given dATA
+R3=10e+3;// resistance R3 in ohm
+f=100;//frequency in hertz
+Cs=0.068e-6; Rs=183.8; // series capacitance in farad and resistance in ohm
+//Calculation
+Xs=1/(2*%pi*f*Cs);// series capacitive reactance in ohm
+Rp=(Rs*Rs+Xs*Xs)/Rs;//equivalent parallel resistance in ohm
+Xp=(Rs*Rs+Xs*Xs)/Xs;//equivalent parallel capacitive reactance in ohm
+Cp=1/(2*%pi*f*Xp);// equivalent capacitance in farad
+R4=C1*R3/Cp;// parallel resistance in ohm
+R1=R3*Rp/R4;// parallel resistance in ohm
+printf("Rp=%.2f M-ohm\nCp=%.3f Micro-F\nR1=%.2f M-ohm\nR4=%.1f K-ohm",Rp/10^6,Cp*10^6,R1/10^6,R4/1000);
+//result
+//Rp=2.98 M-ohm
+//Cp=0.068 Micro-F
+//R1=2.03 M-ohm
+//R4=14.7 K-ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.6/8_6.txt b/182/CH8/EX8.6/8_6.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4cf49f13b --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.6/8_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+6.R3=1 K-ohm
+ R1=54 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.6/example8_6.sce b/182/CH8/EX8.6/example8_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..750d58a8f --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.6/example8_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// To find the resistance R1 and R3 in fig 8-8
+// example 8-6 in page 207
+clc;
+// Given data
+R4=5e+3; L1=100e-3; Ls=500e-3; Rs=270; R3=1e+3; // resistances in ohm and inductances in henry
+//calculation
+printf("R3=%d K-ohm\n",R4*L1/(Ls*1000));
+printf("R1=%d ohm",Rs*R3/R4);
+//result
+//R3=1 K-ohm
+//R1=54 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.7/8_7.txt b/182/CH8/EX8.7/8_7.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..aecf38b46 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.7/8_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +7.Ls=63 mH
+ Rs=1.340426 K-ohm
+ Q=0.029531
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.7/example8_7.sce b/182/CH8/EX8.7/example8_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..90fe0ec5d --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.7/example8_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// to find the resistance inductance and the Q factor of the inductor
+// example 8-7 in page 209
+clc;
+// given data
+// it is a maxwell's induction bridge
+C3=0.1e-6; R1=1.26e+3; R4=500; R3=470; // capacitance and resistor values in farad and ohm
+f=100;// frequency =100 Hz
+//calculation
+printf("Ls=%d mH\n",C3*R1*R4*1000);// here Ls=C3*R1*R4
+printf("Rs=%.2f K-ohm\n",R1*R4/(R3*1000));//here Rs=R1*R4/R3
+printf("Q=%.2f",(2*%pi*f*C3*R1*R4)/(R1*R4/R3));// Q=w*Ls/Rs
+//result
+//Ls=63 mH
+//Rs=1.34 K-ohm
+//Q=0.03
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.8/8_8.txt b/182/CH8/EX8.8/8_8.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0ff062c0a --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.8/8_8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+8.Lp=63 mH
+ Rp=8.400000 K-ohm
+ Q=212
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.8/example8_8.sce b/182/CH8/EX8.8/example8_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e60a3c008 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.8/example8_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//to find the resistance inductance and the Q factor of the inductor
+// example 8-8 in page 210
+clc;
+// given data
+// it is a maxwell's induction bridge
+C3=0.1e-6; R1=1.26e+3; R4=500; R3=75; // capacitance and resistor values in farad and ohm
+f=100;// frequency =100 Hz
+//calculation
+printf("Lp=%d mH\n",C3*R1*R4*1000);// here Lp=C3*R1*R4
+printf("Rp=%.1f K-ohm\n",R1*R4/(R3*1000));//here Rp=R1*R4/R3
+printf("Q=%d",(R1*R4/R3)/(2*%pi*f*C3*R1*R4));// Q=Rs/(w*Lp)
+//result
+//Lp=63 mH
+//Rp=8.4 K-ohm
+//Q=212
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.9/8_9.txt b/182/CH8/EX8.9/8_9.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..29f2186ca --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.9/8_9.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +
+9.part a,
+ Rs=0.186531 ohm
+ Ls=62.998601 mH
+ part b,
+ R3=3.377373 M-ohm
+ R1=1.259972 K-ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.9/example8_9.sce b/182/CH8/EX8.9/example8_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..73a0019d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.9/example8_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +// to find series equivalent inductance and resistance and find R1 and R3 for maxwell circuit
+// example 8-9 in page 211
+clc;
+printf("part a,\n");
+//Data Given
+Lp=63e-3; Rp=8.4e+3; f=100;// the parallel inductance in henry and resistace in ohm with 100 hertz frequency
+//calculation
+Xp=2*%pi*f*Lp;//parallel inductive reactance in ohm
+Rs=(Rp*Xp*Xp)/(Xp*Xp+Rp*Rp);// series resistance in ohm
+printf("Rs=%.3f ohm\n",Rs);// equivalent series resistance in ohm
+Xs=(Rp*Rp*Xp)/(Xp*Xp+Rp*Rp);// series inductive reactance in ohm
+Ls=Xs/(2*%pi*f);// equivalent series inductance in henry
+printf("Ls=%.0f mH\n",Ls*1000);
+printf("part b,\n");
+//Data given
+C3=0.1e-6; R4=500; // capacitance in farad and resistance in ohm of maxwell bridge
+//calculation
+R1=Ls/(C3*R4);//resistance in ohm
+printf("R3=%.2f M-ohm",(R1*R4)/(Rs*10^6));
+printf("\nR1=%.2f K-ohm",R1/1000);
+//result
+//part a,
+//Rs=0.187 ohm
+//Ls=63 mH
+//part b,
+//R3=3.38 M-ohm
+//R1=1.26 K-ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.10/9_10.txt b/182/CH9/EX9.10/9_10.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bb8dbd33a --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.10/9_10.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +10.frequency=20.4 MHz
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.10/example9_10.sce b/182/CH9/EX9.10/example9_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c1f964442 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.10/example9_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// to find the frequency
+// example 9-10 in page 268
+clc;
+// data given
+C=13D-12; Rs=600; // input capacitance in farad and source resistance in ohm
+//calculation
+printf("frequency=%.1f MHz",1/(2*%pi*C*Rs*10^6));
+//result
+//frequency=20.4 MHz
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.11/9_11.txt b/182/CH9/EX9.11/9_11.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..91db32e65 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.11/9_11.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +11.frequency=75.8 MHz
diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.11/example9_11.sce b/182/CH9/EX9.11/example9_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..dd14259db --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.11/example9_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// to determine the frequency
+// example 9-11 in page 269
+clc;
+// Data Given
+C=3.5D-12; Rs=600; // capacitance in farad and source resistance in ohm
+//calculation
+printf("frequency=%.1f MHz",1/(2*%pi*C*Rs*10^6));
+//result
+//frequency=75.8 MHz
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.12/9_12.txt b/182/CH9/EX9.12/9_12.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..11a0294dc --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.12/9_12.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +12.using the five times magifier,
+ minimum time/div setting=25 ns/div
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.12/example9_12.sce b/182/CH9/EX9.12/example9_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3bb8de37f --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.12/example9_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// to find the minimum time/division sensitivity
+// example 9-12 in page 278
+clc;
+//Data Given
+f=50e+6;// frequency of the waveform in hertz
+//calculation
+T=1/f;//time period in seconds
+printf("using the five times magnifier,\n");
+printf("minimum time/div setting=%d ns/div",5*(T/4)*10^9);// here one cycle occupies 4 horizontal divisions
+//result
+//using the five times magnifier,
+//minimum time/div setting=25 ns/div
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.13/9_13.txt b/182/CH9/EX9.13/9_13.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9a3473bc7 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.13/9_13.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +for fH=20 MHz,
+trd=27 ns
+for fH=50 MHz,
+trd=22 ns
+
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.13/example9_13.sce b/182/CH9/EX9.13/example9_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bb1fe36d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.13/example9_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// to determine the raise time displayed waveform
+// example9-13 in page 279
+clc;
+// Data given
+fH=[20e+6 50e+6];// upper cut-off frequency in hertz
+tri=21D-9;// input raise time in seconds
+// calculation
+for n=1:2
+ tro=0.35/fH(n);// tro is the raise time in seconds
+ trd=sqrt(tri^2+tro^2);// trd is the fall time in seconds
+ printf("for fH=%d MHz,\ntrd=%d ns\n",fH(n)/10^6,trd*10^9);
+end
+//result
+//for fH=20 MHz,
+//trd=27 ns
+//for fH=50 MHz,
+//trd=22 ns
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.2/9_2.txt b/182/CH9/EX9.2/9_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c8a006b95 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.2/9_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+2.peak-peak voltage=4 V p-to-p
+ time period=1 ms
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.2/example9_2.sce b/182/CH9/EX9.2/example9_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4172a8143 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.2/example9_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// to find the peak to peak voltage and the time period for the sweep generator circuit in fig 9-7 +// example 9-2 in page 243 +clc; +// Given Data +R3=4.2e+3; C1=0.25D-6; Vb1=4.9; Vbe=0.7;//resistance in ohm, capacitance in farad and voltages in volt respectively +UL=2;// UTP,LTP=(+/-)2 V +//Calculation +dV=2*UL;//peak-peak voltage in volt +Ic1=(Vb1-Vbe)/R3;//current in ampere +T=dV*C1/Ic1;// time period in seconds +printf("peak-peak voltage=%d V p-to-p\n",dV); +printf("time period=%d ms",T*1000); +//result +//peak-peak voltage=4 V p-to-p +//time period=1 ms +x=linspace(0,1,100); +y=4*x-2; +plot(x,y); +xlabel('Time period in ms'); +ylabel('voltage in V'); +set(gca(),"grid",[1 1]);
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.3/9_3.txt b/182/CH9/EX9.3/9_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5e5bde4cb --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.3/9_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+3.V peak-peak of wave from A=1.20 V
+ frequency of wave form A=1666.666667 Hz
+ V peak-peak of wave from B=0.48 V
+ frequency of wave form B=1428.571429 Hz
+ phase difference=60 degree
diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.3/example9_3.sce b/182/CH9/EX9.3/example9_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..caadfed96 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.3/example9_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +// to find the amplitude,frequency and the phase difference b/w two waveforms in the figure 9-20
+// example 9-3 in page 256
+clc;
+//Data Given
+x=['A' 'B'];
+V=200D-3;// volatge/division=200mV
+T=0.1D-3;//time/division=0.1ms
+one_cycle=360;// one cycle=360 degree
+Vd=[6 2.4];// vertical divisions of A and B respectively
+Hd=[6 7];// horizontal divisions of A and B respectively
+//calculation
+for n=1:2
+ Vp=Vd(n)*V;// V peak-to-peak
+ Tp=T*Hd(n);// time period
+ f=1/Tp;//frequency
+ printf("V peak-peak of wave from %c=%.2f V\n",x(n),Vp);
+ printf("frequency of wave form %c=%.0f Hz\n",x(n),f);
+end
+phase_diff=Hd(2)-Hd(1);
+phase_diff=one_cycle*phase_diff/6;// here one cycle makes 6 horizontal divisions
+printf("phase difference=%d degree",phase_diff);
+//result
+//V peak-peak of wave from A=1.20 V
+//frequency of wave form A=1667 Hz
+//V peak-peak of wave from B=0.48 V
+//frequency of wave form B=1429 Hz
+//phase difference=60 degree
diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.4/9_4.txt b/182/CH9/EX9.4/9_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..91e718836 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.4/9_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+4.Pulse amplitude=8 V
+ frequency=35.7 kHz
+ raise time=2.5 micro-s
+ fall time=3.0 micro-s
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.4/example9_4.sce b/182/CH9/EX9.4/example9_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..14463652a --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.4/example9_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// to find the pulse amplitude,frequency,rise time and fall time of fig9-22
+// example 9-3 in page 259
+clc;
+// Data given
+Vpd=2; // voltage/division=2 V
+Hpd=5D-6;// time/division=5 micro seconds per division
+Vd=4;// number of vertical divisions
+Hd=5.6// number of horizontal divisions
+// calculation
+printf("Pulse amplitude=%d V\n",Vd*Vpd);
+printf("frequency=%.1f kHz\n",(1/(Hd*Hpd))/10^3);
+printf("raise time=%.1f micro-s\nfall time=%d micro-s",0.5*Hpd*10^6,10^6*0.6*Hpd);
+//result
+//Pulse amplitude=8 V
+//frequency=35.7 kHz
+//raise time=2.5 micro-s
+//fall time=3.0 micro-s
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.5/9_5.txt b/182/CH9/EX9.5/9_5.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..45f59d91a --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.5/9_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +
+5.pulse width=0.1 s
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.5/example9_5.sce b/182/CH9/EX9.5/example9_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..daae1c909 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.5/example9_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// to find the longest pulse width
+// example 9-5 in page 261
+clc;
+//Given data
+Ri=10e+6;// input resistance in ohm
+Cc=0.1e-6;// coaxial cable capacitance in farad
+//calculation
+printf("pulse width=%.1f s",Ri*Cc/10);// here pulse width=tou/10 seconds
+//result
+//pulse width=0.1 s
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.6/9_6.txt b/182/CH9/EX9.6/9_6.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d1fa6fb09 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.6/9_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +
+6.shortest pulse width=1.089 micro-second
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.6/example9_6.sce b/182/CH9/EX9.6/example9_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..838dc190e --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.6/example9_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// to find the shortest pulse width that can be displayed
+// example 9-6 in page 262
+clc;
+//DATA GIVEN
+Rs=3.3e+3; Ci=15D-12;// source resistance in ohm and input capacitance in farad
+//calculation
+printf("shortest pulse width=%.3f micro-second",10*Rs*Ci*2.2*10^6);//here shortest pulse width =10*tuo in seconds where tuo is the rise time imposed by the oscilloscope
+//result
+//shortest pulse width=1.089 micro-second
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.7/9_7.txt b/182/CH9/EX9.7/9_7.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..61897d3d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.7/9_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+7.the displayed raise time for input pulse raise time 109 ns=154 ns
+ the displayed raise time for input pulse raise time 327 ns=344 ns
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.7/example9_7.sce b/182/CH9/EX9.7/example9_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..55bf2d6de --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.7/example9_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//to find the raise time of the displayed waveform
+// example 9-7 in page 262
+clc;
+//Data given
+Rs=3.3e+3; Ci=15D-12;//source resistance in ohm and input capacitance in farad
+tri=[109e-9 327e-9];//input raise times in seconds for which trd is to be determined
+//calculations
+tuo=2.2*Rs*Ci;//tuo is the rise time in seconds imposed by the ossciloscope
+for n=1:2
+ trd=sqrt(tri(n)^2+tuo^2); // displayed raise time in seconds
+ printf("the displayed raise time for input pulse raise time %d ns=%d ns\n",tri(n)*10^9,trd*10^9);
+end
+//result
+//the displayed raise time for input pulse raise time 109 ns=154 ns
+//the displayed raise time for input pulse raise time 327 ns=344 ns
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.8/9_8.txt b/182/CH9/EX9.8/9_8.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..769f25698 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.8/9_8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+8.the input terminal voltage at 100 Hz =0.9994 V
+ when Vi=(Vs-3 dB),
+ frequency=2.04 MHz
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.8/example9_8.sce b/182/CH9/EX9.8/example9_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9b9b112ff --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.8/example9_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//to find the terminal oscilloscope voltage and its frequency
+// exmaple 9-8 in page 264
+clc;
+//Data given
+Vs=1; //supply voltage in volt
+Rs=600;//source resistance in ohm
+Ri=1e+6;//input resistance in ohm
+Ci=30D-12;//input parallel capacitance in farad
+Ccc=100D-12;//coaxial cable capacitance in farad
+f=100;// signal frequency in hertz
+//calculation
+Vi=Vs*Ri/(Rs+Ri);// input voltage in volts
+Xc=1/(2*%pi*f*(Ci+Ccc));//capacitive reactance in ohm for total capacitance
+printf("the input terminal voltage at 100 Hz =%.4f V\n",Vi);
+printf("when Vi=(Vs-3 dB),\n");
+f=1/(2*%pi*(Ci+Ccc)*Rs);// frequency in hertz
+printf("frequency=%.2f MHz",f/10^6);
+//result
+//the input terminal voltage at 100 Hz =0.9994 V
+//when Vi=(Vs-3 dB),
+//frequency=2.04 MHz
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.9/9_9.txt b/182/CH9/EX9.9/9_9.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3c3282c9a --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.9/9_9.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+9.C1=14.4 pF
+ The probe input capacitance as seen from the source=13 pF
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.9/example9_9.sce b/182/CH9/EX9.9/example9_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3713ef3ec --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.9/example9_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// to find the capacitance to compensate a probe and input capacitance
+//example 9-9 in page 267
+clc;
+//data given
+Ci=30D-12;// input capacitance in farad
+Ccc=100D-12;// coaxial cable capacitance in farad
+R1=9e+6; Ri=1e+6;// resistances in ohm
+//calculation
+C2=Ccc+Ci;// capacitance in farad
+C1=C2*Ri/R1;// capacitance in farad
+printf("C1=%.1f pF\n",C1*10^12);
+printf("The probe input capacitance as seen from the source=%d pF",(C1*C2)*10^12/(C1+C2))
+//result
+//C1=14.4 pF
+//The probe input capacitance as seen from the source=13 pF
\ No newline at end of file |