diff options
Diffstat (limited to '1787')
86 files changed, 1308 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/1787/CH1/EX1.3/Exa1_3.sce b/1787/CH1/EX1.3/Exa1_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1ff1f18a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH1/EX1.3/Exa1_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Exa 1.3
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+r=1.278;//in Angstrum
+AtomicWeight=63.5;//constant
+AvogadroNo=6.023*10^23;//constant
+//For FCC structure a=4*r/sqrt(2)
+a=4*r*10^-10/sqrt(2);//in meter
+V=a^3;//in meter^3
+//mass of one atom = m
+m=AtomicWeight/AvogadroNo;//in gm
+m=m/1000;//in Kg
+n=4;// no. of atoms per unit cell for FCC structure
+rho=m*n/V;//in Kg/m^3
+disp(rho,"Density of crystal in Kg/m^3: ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH1/EX1.4/Exa1_4.sce b/1787/CH1/EX1.4/Exa1_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..211234839 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH1/EX1.4/Exa1_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Exa 1.4
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+n=4;// no. of atoms per unit cell of silicon
+AtomicWeight=28;//constant
+AvogadroNo=6.021*10^23;//constant
+m=AtomicWeight/AvogadroNo;//in gm
+m=m/1000;//in Kg
+a=5.3;//lattice constant in Angstrum
+a=a*10^-10;//in meter
+V=a^3;//in meter^3
+rho=m*n/V;//in Kg/m^3
+disp(rho,"Density of silicon crystal in Kg/m^3: ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH1/EX1.5/Exa1_5.sce b/1787/CH1/EX1.5/Exa1_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..10852962c --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH1/EX1.5/Exa1_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Exa 1.5
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+a=4.75;//lattice constant in Angstrum
+a=a*10^-10;//in meter
+disp("Surface density in FCC on (111)Plane : dp = 2.31/a^2");
+dp=2.31/a^2;//in atom/m^2
+dp=dp/10^6;//in atom/mm^2
+disp(dp,"Surface density in FCC on (111)Plane in atoms/mm^2: ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH1/EX1.6/Exa1_6.sce b/1787/CH1/EX1.6/Exa1_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f367c89e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH1/EX1.6/Exa1_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Exa 1.6
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+lambda=1.539;//in Angstrum
+theta=22.5;//in degree
+n=1;//order unitless
+d=n*lambda/(2*sin(theta*%pi/180));//in Angstrum
+disp(d,"Interpolar distance in Angstrum : ")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH1/EX1.7/Exa1_7.sce b/1787/CH1/EX1.7/Exa1_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4a36e3edd --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH1/EX1.7/Exa1_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Exa 1.7
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+
+theta=16.8/2;//in degree
+n=2;//order unitless
+d=0.4;//in nm
+lambda=(2*d*sin(theta*%pi/180))/n;//in Angstrum
+disp(lambda,"wavelength of X-rays in Angstrum : ");
+//Note: Ans in the book is not correct
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH2/EX2.1/Exa2_1.sce b/1787/CH2/EX2.1/Exa2_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8696ab10b --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH2/EX2.1/Exa2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Exa 2.1
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+E=2.1;//in eV
+E=E*1.602*10^-19;//in Joule
+m=9.107*10^-31;//in Kg
+//Formula : E= (m*v^2)/2
+v=sqrt(2*E/m);//in m/s
+disp(v,"Velocity of electron at fermi level in m/s : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH2/EX2.10/Exa2_10.sce b/1787/CH2/EX2.10/Exa2_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fc0ed244b --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH2/EX2.10/Exa2_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Exa 2.10
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+ni=1.5*10^10;//in cm^-3
+e=1.6*10^-19;//in coulamb
+MUh=450;//in cm^2/V-s
+MUe=1300;//in cm^2/V-s
+SIGMAi=ni*e*(MUe+MUh);//in (ohm-cm)^-1
+disp(SIGMAi,"Conductivity of silicon(intrinsic) in (ohm-cm)^-1 ");
+Na=10^18;//in cm^-1
+SIGMAp=e*Na*MUh;//in (ohm-cm)^-1
+disp(SIGMAp,"Conductivity of resulting P-type si semiconductor in (ohm-cm)^-1 : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH2/EX2.11/Exa2_11.sce b/1787/CH2/EX2.11/Exa2_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bae41f8fc --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH2/EX2.11/Exa2_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Exa 2.11
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+ni=2.5*10^13;//in cm^-3
+e=1.6*10^-19;//in coulamb
+MUh=1800;//in cm^2/V-s
+MUe=3800;//in cm^2/V-s
+SIGMAi=ni*e*(MUe+MUh);//in (ohm-cm)^-1
+GeAtoms=4.41*10^22;//in cm^-1
+DonorImpurity=1/10^7;//in per Ge Atom
+Nd=4.41*10^22*DonorImpurity;//in cm^-1
+n=Nd;//in cm^-1
+p=ni^2/Nd;//in cm^-3
+SIGMAn=e*Nd*MUe;//in (ohm-cm)^-1
+disp(SIGMAi,"Conductivity of Ge(intrinsic) in (ohm-cm)^-1 ");
+disp(SIGMAn,"Conductivity of resulting N-type Ge semiconductor in (ohm-cm)^-1 : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH2/EX2.12/Exa2_12.sce b/1787/CH2/EX2.12/Exa2_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..eb8a8dd33 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH2/EX2.12/Exa2_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Exa 2.12
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+e=1.6*10^-19;//in coulamb
+MUh=0.18;//in m^2/V-s
+MUe=0.38;//in m^2/V-s
+V=10;//in Volts
+l=25;//in mm
+w=4;//in mm
+t=1.5;//in mm
+E=V/(l*10^-3);//in
+//part (i)
+ve=MUe*E;//in m/s
+vh=MUh*E;//in m/s
+disp(ve,"Drift velocity for electrons in m/s : ");
+disp(vh,"Drift velocity for holes in m/s : ");
+
+ni=2.5*10^19;//in m^-3
+//part (ii)
+SIGMAi=ni*e*(MUe+MUh);//in (ohm-m)^-1
+disp(SIGMAi,"Conductivity of Ge(intrinsic) in (ohm-m)^-1 ");
+//part (iii)
+I=SIGMAi*E*w*10^-3*t*10^-3;//in Ampere
+disp(I*10^3,"Total current in mili ampere : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH2/EX2.13/Exa2_13.sce b/1787/CH2/EX2.13/Exa2_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..23dce8a91 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH2/EX2.13/Exa2_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Exa 2.13
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+e=1.6*10^-19;//in coulamb
+T=300;//in Kelvin
+MUh=1700;//in cm^2/V-s
+MUe=3600;//in cm^2/V-s
+k=1.38*10^-23;//in J/K
+De=MUe*k*T/e;//in cm^2/s
+Dh=MUh*k*T/e;//in cm^2/s
+disp(De,"Diffusion constant of electron(in cm^2/s) : ");
+disp(Dh,"Diffusion constant of hole(in cm^2/s) : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH2/EX2.14/Exa2_14.sce b/1787/CH2/EX2.14/Exa2_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b1fe4dca7 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH2/EX2.14/Exa2_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Exa 2.14
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+e=1.6*10^-19;//in coulamb
+resistivity=9*10^-3;//in ohm-m
+RH=3.6*10^-4;//in m^3-coulamb^-1
+SIGMA=1/resistivity;//in (ohm-m)^-1
+rho=1/RH;//in cooulamb/m^3
+n=rho/e;//in m^-3
+disp(n,"Density of charge carriers in m^-3 : ");
+MU=SIGMA*RH;//in m^2/V-s
+disp(MU,"Mobility in m^2/V-s : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH2/EX2.15/Exa2_15.sce b/1787/CH2/EX2.15/Exa2_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e1088c33b --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH2/EX2.15/Exa2_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Exa 2.15
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+e=1.6*10^-19;//in coulamb
+E=100;//in V/m
+RH=0.0145;//in m^3-coulamb^-1
+MUn=0.36;//in m^2/V-s
+J=MUn*E/RH;//in A/m^2
+disp(J,"Current density in A/m^2 : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH2/EX2.16/Exa2_16.sce b/1787/CH2/EX2.16/Exa2_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6f4e69604 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH2/EX2.16/Exa2_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Exa 2.16
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+e=1.6*10^-19;//in coulamb
+n=2.05*10^22;//in m^-3
+RH=1/(n*e);//in m^3-coulamb^-1
+disp(RH,"Hall coefficient in m^3-coulamb^-1 : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH2/EX2.17/Exa2_17.sce b/1787/CH2/EX2.17/Exa2_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..21cb5fb0e --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH2/EX2.17/Exa2_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Exa 2.17
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+e=1.6*10^-19;//in coulamb
+ND=10^17;//in cm^-3
+Bz=0.1;//in Wb/m^2
+w=4;//in mm
+d=4;//in mm
+Ex=5;//in V/cm
+MUe=3800;//in cm^2/V-s
+v=MUe*Ex;//in cm/s
+v=v*10^-2;//in m/s
+VH=Bz*v*d;//in mV
+disp(VH,"Magnitude of hall voltage in mV : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH2/EX2.18/Exa2_18.sce b/1787/CH2/EX2.18/Exa2_18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..176abd75d --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH2/EX2.18/Exa2_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Exa 2.18
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+e=1.6*10^-19;//in coulamb
+w=3;//in mm
+d=3;//in mm
+rho=200;//in Kohm-cm
+rho=rho*10^3*10^-2;//in ohm-m
+VH=50;//in mV
+VH=VH*10^-3;//in Volts
+I=10;//in uA
+I=I*10^-6;//in Ampere
+Bz=0.1;//in Wb/m^2
+RH=VH*w*10^-3/(Bz*I)
+MUh=RH/rho;//in m^2/V-s
+disp(MUh,"Mobility of holes in p-type Si bar in m^2/V-s : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH2/EX2.19/Exa2_19.sce b/1787/CH2/EX2.19/Exa2_19.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3b946cf02 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH2/EX2.19/Exa2_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Exa 2.19
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+e=1.6*10^-19;//in coulamb
+ND=10^21;//in m^-3
+Bz=0.2;//in T
+d=4;//in mm
+d=d*10^-3;//in meter
+J=600;//in A/m^2
+n=ND;//in m^-3
+//formula : VH*w/(B*I)=1/(n*e)
+VH=Bz*J*d/(n*e);//in V
+disp(VH*10^3,"Magnitude of hall voltage in mV : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH2/EX2.2/Exa2_2.sce b/1787/CH2/EX2.2/Exa2_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..01c5988dc --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH2/EX2.2/Exa2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Exa 2.2
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+J=2.4;//in A/mm^2
+J=J*10^6;//in A/m^2
+n=5*10^28;//electrons/m^3
+e=1.6*10^-19;//constant
+//Formula : J=e*n*v
+v=J/(e*n);//in m/s
+disp(v*10^3,"Velocity of electron at fermi level in mm/s : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH2/EX2.20/Exa2_20.sce b/1787/CH2/EX2.20/Exa2_20.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b5e7f6a27 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH2/EX2.20/Exa2_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Exa 2.20
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+e=1.6*10^-19;//in coulamb
+rho=0.00912;//in ohm-m
+B=0.48;//in Wb/m^2
+RH=3.55*10^-4;//in m^3-coulamb^-1
+SIGMA=1/rho;//in (ohm=m)^-1
+THETAh=atand(SIGMA*B*RH);//in Degree
+disp(THETAh,"Hall angle in degree : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH2/EX2.3/Exa2_3.sce b/1787/CH2/EX2.3/Exa2_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c1be6dad5 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH2/EX2.3/Exa2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Exa 2.3
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+n=10^24;//electrons/m^3
+e=1.6*10^-19;//constant
+v=1.5*10^-2;//in m/s
+A=1;//in cm^2
+A=1*10^-4;//in m^2
+I=e*n*v*A;//in Ampere
+disp(I,"Magnitude of current in Ampere : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH2/EX2.4/Exa2_4.sce b/1787/CH2/EX2.4/Exa2_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..915b834c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH2/EX2.4/Exa2_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Exa 2.4
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+ni=2.5*10^13;//in atoms/cm^3
+rho=0.039;//in ohm-cm
+SIGMAn=1/rho;//in (ohm-cm)^-1
+e=1.6*10^-19;//constant
+MUe=3600;//in cm^2/V-s
+//formula : SIGMAn=n*e*MUe=Nd*e*MUe
+Nd=SIGMAn/(e*MUe);//in atoms/cm^3
+n=Nd;//in atoms/cm^3
+p=ni^2/n;//in atoms/cm^3
+disp(n,"Electron density in atoms/cm^3 : ");
+disp(p,"Hole density in atoms/cm^3 : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH2/EX2.5/Exa2_5.sce b/1787/CH2/EX2.5/Exa2_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..34ca3e794 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH2/EX2.5/Exa2_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//Exa 2.5
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+DonorImpurity=1/10^6;;//impurity per atom
+SiAtomCon=5*10^22;//in cm^-3
+ni=1.45*10^10;//in cm^-3
+MUe=1300;//in cm^2/V-s
+e=1.6*10^-19;//constant
+//part (i)
+Nd=SiAtomCon*DonorImpurity;//in cm^-3
+disp(Nd,"Donor atom concentration in cm^-3 : ");
+//part (ii)
+n=Nd;//in cm^-3
+disp(n,"Mobile electron concentration in cm^-3: ");
+//part (iii)
+p=ni^2/Nd;//in cm^-3
+disp(p,"Hole concentration in cm^-3 : ");
+//part (iv)
+SIGMA=n*e*MUe;//in (ohm-cm)^-1
+disp(SIGMA,"Conductivity of doped silicon sample in (ohm-cm)^-1 : ");
+//part (v)
+rho=1/SIGMA;//in ohm-cm
+l=0.5;//in cm
+A=(50*10^-4)^2;//in cm^2
+R=rho*l/A;//in ohm
+disp(rho,"Resistivity in ohm-cm : ");
+disp(R,"Resistance in ohm : ")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH2/EX2.6/Exa2_6.sce b/1787/CH2/EX2.6/Exa2_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..035e8e57c --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH2/EX2.6/Exa2_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Exa 2.6
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+ni=1.4*10^18;//in atoms/m^3
+Nd=1.4*10^24;//in atoms/m^3
+n=Nd;//in atoms/m^3
+p=ni^2/n;//in atoms/m^3
+ratio=n/p;//unitless
+disp(p,"Concentration of holes in per m^3 : ");
+disp(ratio,"Ratio of electron to hole concentration : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH2/EX2.7/Exa2_7.sce b/1787/CH2/EX2.7/Exa2_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d87091af1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH2/EX2.7/Exa2_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Exa 2.7
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+Ef=5.5;//in eV
+MUe=7.04*10^-3;//in m^2/V-s
+n=5.8*10^28;//in m^-3
+e=1.6*10^-19;//constant
+m=9.1*10^-31;//in Kg
+//part (i)
+tau=MUe*m/e;//in sec
+disp(tau,"Relaxation time in sec : ");
+rho=1/(n*e*MUe);//in ohm-m
+disp(rho,"Resistivity of conductor in ohm-m : ")
+vF=sqrt(2*Ef*1.6*10^-19/m);
+disp(vF,"velocity of electron with fermi energy in m/s : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH2/EX2.8/Exa2_8.sce b/1787/CH2/EX2.8/Exa2_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..dcec43a3f --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH2/EX2.8/Exa2_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Exa 2.8
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+ni=2.5*10^13;//in cm^-3
+e=1.6*10^-19;//in coulamb
+MUh=1800;//in cm^2/V-s
+MUe=3800;//in cm^2/V-s
+SIGMAi=ni*e*(MUe+MUh);//in (ohm-cm)^-1
+RHOi=1/SIGMAi;//in ohm-cm
+disp(SIGMAi,"Intrinsic conductivity in (ohm-cm)^-1 : ");
+disp(RHOi,"Intrinsic resistivity in ohm-cm : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH2/EX2.9/Exa2_9.sce b/1787/CH2/EX2.9/Exa2_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9fa7928aa --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH2/EX2.9/Exa2_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Exa 2.9
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+SIGMAi=2.12766;//in S/m
+RHOi=0.47;//in ohm-m
+MUh=0.19;//in m^2/V-s
+MUe=0.39;//in m^2/V-s
+e=1.6*10^-19;//in coulamb
+//Formula : SIGMAi=ni*e*(MUe+MUh)
+ni=SIGMAi/(e*(MUe+MUh));//in m^-3
+E=10^4;//in V/m
+vn=MUe*E;//in m/s
+vh=MUh*E;//in m/s
+disp(ni,"Density of electron in intrinsic material in m^-3 : ");
+disp(vn,"Drift velocity for electrons in m/s : ");
+disp(vh,"Drift velocity for holes in m/s : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH3/EX3.2/Exa3_2.sce b/1787/CH3/EX3.2/Exa3_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f85e799e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH3/EX3.2/Exa3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Exa 3.2
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+lambda=6000;//in Angstrum
+h=6.6*10^(-34);//Planks constant
+c=3*10^8;//speed of light in m/s
+e=1.602*10^(-19);//Constant
+phi=c*h/(e*lambda*10^(-10));
+disp(phi,"Minimum required energy in eV is :");
+//Note : Ans in the book is n ot correct
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH3/EX3.3/Exa3_3.sce b/1787/CH3/EX3.3/Exa3_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7e7b046bb --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH3/EX3.3/Exa3_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Exa 3.3
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+Emax=2.5;//maximum energy of emitted electrons in eV
+lambda=2537;//in Angstrum
+EeV=12400/lambda;//in eV
+disp(EeV,"The eV equivalent of the energy of incident photon : ");
+phi=EeV-Emax;//in eV
+disp(phi,"Work function of the cathode material is ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH3/EX3.4/Exa3_4.sce b/1787/CH3/EX3.4/Exa3_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fd846d7c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH3/EX3.4/Exa3_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Exa 3.4
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+t=0.46*10^-6;//in meters
+hf=2;//in ev
+Pin=10;//in mW
+alpha=50000;// in per cm
+e=1.6*10^-19;//constant
+Io=10^-2;//in mW
+It=Io*e^(-alpha*t);//in mW
+//Part (i)
+disp("Thus power absorbed = 10-1 = 9 mW or 0.009 J/s");
+disp((2-1.43)/2,"The fraction of each photon energy unit which is converted into heat");
+//Part (ii)
+disp(((2-1.43)/2)*0.009,"Energy converted into heat in J/s:");
+//Part (iii)
+disp(0.009/(e*2),"Number of photons per second given off from recombination events :");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH3/EX3.5/Exa3_5.sce b/1787/CH3/EX3.5/Exa3_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..554a8c647 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH3/EX3.5/Exa3_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Exa 3.5
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+L=100;//in uM
+A=10&-7;//in cm^2
+th=10^-6;//in sec
+V=12;//in Volts
+ue=0.13;//in m^2/V-s
+uh=0.05;//in m^2/V-s
+E=V/(L*10^-6);//in V/m
+tn=(L*10^-6)/(ue*E);
+disp(tn,"Electron transit time in sec is ");
+Gain=(1+uh/ue)*(th/tn);
+disp(Gain,"Photoconductor gain is ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH3/EX3.6/Exa3_6.sce b/1787/CH3/EX3.6/Exa3_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..301c6d345 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH3/EX3.6/Exa3_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Exa 3.6
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given datex
+Io=0.15;//in uA
+V=0.12;//in mVolt
+Vt=26;//in mVolt
+I=Io*10^-6*(exp(V/(Vt*10^-3))-1);//in A
+disp(I*10^6,"Current flowing through diode in uA is ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH3/EX3.7/Exa3_7.sce b/1787/CH3/EX3.7/Exa3_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e50c8ecba --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH3/EX3.7/Exa3_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Exa 3.7
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+Io=2.5;//in uA
+I=10;//in mA
+Vt=26;//in mVolt
+n=2;//for silicon
+V=n*Vt*10^-3*log((I*10^-3)/(Io*10^-6))
+disp(V,"Forward voltage in volts is ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH3/EX3.8/Exa3_8.sce b/1787/CH3/EX3.8/Exa3_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..74d7965fd --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH3/EX3.8/Exa3_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Exa 3.8
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+ND=10^21;//in m^-3
+NA=10^22;//in m^-3
+De=3.4*10^-3;//in m^2-s^-1
+Dh=1.2*10^-3;//in m^2-s^-1
+Le=7.1*10^-4;//in meters
+Lh=3.5*10^-4;//in meters
+ni=1.6*10^16;//in m^-3
+e=1.602*10^-19;//constant
+IoA=e*ni^2*(Dh/(Lh*ND)+De/(Le*NA));
+disp(IoA*10^6,"Reverse saturation current density in uA/m2 is ")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH4/EX4.10/Exa4_10.sce b/1787/CH4/EX4.10/Exa4_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9d357ba85 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH4/EX4.10/Exa4_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Exa4.10
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//In given circuit :
+V=15;//in volts
+Vo=0.7;//in Volts
+R=7;//in Kohm
+I=(V-2*Vo)/R
+disp("Since diode is silicon one, and the barrier potential for Si diode is 0.7 volt, Vo = 0.7 volts ");
+disp("This barrier potential acts in opposite direction to the applied voltage. The diode forward resistance is being assumed to be zero.");
+I=(V-2*Vo)/R;//in mAmpere
+disp("Barrier potential of Si diode, Vo = 0.7 Volts");
+disp("Potential VA = Voltage drop across 7 Kohm resistor");
+VA=I*R;//in Volts
+disp(VA,"Voltagee VA in volts : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH4/EX4.12/Exa4_12.sce b/1787/CH4/EX4.12/Exa4_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b6a9185d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH4/EX4.12/Exa4_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Exa4.12
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+Vz=5;//in volts
+to=25;//in degree centigrade
+t=100;//in degree centigrade
+Vdrop=4.8;//in Volts
+delVz=Vdrop-Vz;//in Volts
+delt=t-to;//in degree centigrade
+TempCoeff=delVz*100/(Vz*delt);
+disp(TempCoeff,"Temperature coefficient f zener diode in % : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH4/EX4.13/Exa4_13.sce b/1787/CH4/EX4.13/Exa4_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..15fbae735 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH4/EX4.13/Exa4_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Exa4.13
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+Vz=8;//in volts
+VS=12;//in volts
+Vout=8;//in volts
+RL=10;//in Kohm
+Rs=5;//in Kohm
+//part (a)
+disp("Output voltage will be equal to Vz i.e "+string(Vz)+" Volts");
+//part (b)
+Vrs=VS-Vout;//in volts
+disp(Vrs,"Voltage across Rs in volts : ");
+IL=Vout/RL;//in mAmpere
+Is=(VS-Vout)/Rs;//in mAmpere
+Iz=Is-IL;//in mAmpere
+disp(Iz,"Current through zener diode in mA : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH4/EX4.14/Exa4_14.sce b/1787/CH4/EX4.14/Exa4_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1bea42525 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH4/EX4.14/Exa4_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Exa4.14
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+Vz=50;//in volts
+VSmax=120;//in volts
+VSmin=80;//in volts
+RL=10;//in Kohm
+Rs=5;//in Kohm
+Vout=Vz;//in Volts
+disp("Output voltage will be equal to Vz i.e "+string(Vz)+" Volts");
+IL=Vout/RL;//in mAmpere
+disp("The zener current will be maximum when input voltage is maximum i.e. 120V.");
+ISmax=(VSmax-Vout)/Rs;//in mAmpere
+Izmax=ISmax-IL;//in mA
+disp(Izmax,"Maximum zener diode current in mA : ");
+disp("The zener current will be minimum when input voltage is minimum i.e. 80V.");
+Ismin=(VSmin-Vout)/Rs;//in mAmpere
+Izmin=Ismin-IL;//in mA
+disp(Izmin,"Minimum zener diode current in mA : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH4/EX4.15/Exa4_15.sce b/1787/CH4/EX4.15/Exa4_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..78459859d --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH4/EX4.15/Exa4_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Exa4.15
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+Vz=15;//in volts
+Izk=6;//in mA
+Vout=15;//in Volts
+Vs=20;//in Volts
+ILmin=10;//in mA
+ILmax=20;//in mA
+disp("the zener current will be minimum i.e. Izk = 6mA when load current is maximum i.e. ILmax = 20mA");
+RS=(Vs-Vout)/(Izk+ILmax);//in ohm
+disp("when the load current will decrease and become 10 mA, the zener current will increase and become 6+10 i.e. 16 mA. Thus the current through series resistance Rs will remain unchanged at 6+20 i.e. 26 mA. Thus voltage drop in series resistance Rs will remain constant. Consequently, the output voltage will also remain constant. ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH4/EX4.16/Exa4_16.sce b/1787/CH4/EX4.16/Exa4_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a7743c866 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH4/EX4.16/Exa4_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Exa4.16
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+Vs=16;//in volts
+RL=1.2;//in Kohm
+Rs=1;//in Kohm
+//If zener open circuited
+VL=Vs*RL/(Rs+RL);//in Volts
+disp(VL,"When zener open circuited Voltage across load in volts : ");
+disp("Since voltage across load VL is less than breakdown voltage of zener diode i.e. VL < Vz. The zener diode will not conduct and VL = 8.73 Volt");
+Iz=0;//in mA
+disp(Iz,"Zener current in mA : ");
+Pz=VL*Iz;//in watts
+disp(Pz,"Power in watts : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH4/EX4.17/Exa4_17.sce b/1787/CH4/EX4.17/Exa4_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c83b9f93a --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH4/EX4.17/Exa4_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +//Exa4.17
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+Vin=20;//in volts
+Rs=220;//in Kohm
+Vz=10;//in volts
+// part (i) RL=50;//in Kohm
+disp("For RL=50ohm :");
+RL=50;//in Kohm
+VL=Vin*RL/(RL+Rs)
+disp("Since voltage across load, VL is less than breakdown voltage of zener diode. Zener will not conduct.")
+IR=Vin/(Rs+RL);//in mA
+IL=IR;//in mA
+IZ=0;//in mA
+disp(VL,"VL in volt : ");
+disp(IL*1000,"IL in mA :");
+disp(IZ,"Iz in mA: ");
+disp(IR*1000,"IR in mA :");
+
+// part (ii) RL=200;//in Kohm
+disp("For RL=200ohm : ")
+RL=200;//in Kohm
+VL=Vin*RL/(RL+Rs)
+disp("voltage across load, if zener diode is open circuited.")
+IR=Vin/(Rs+RL);//in mA
+IL=IR;//in mA
+IZ=0;//in mA
+disp(VL,"VL in volt : ");
+disp(IL*1000,"IL in mA :");
+disp(IZ,"Iz in mA: ");
+disp(IR*1000,"IR in mA :");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH4/EX4.18/Exa4_18.sce b/1787/CH4/EX4.18/Exa4_18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ed52a2964 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH4/EX4.18/Exa4_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Exa4.18
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+RL=10;//in Kohm
+Rs=5;//in Kohm
+Vin=100;//in Volts
+disp("Removing the zener diode from the circuit, We have : V = Vin*RL/(RL+Rs)");
+V=Vin*RL/(RL+Rs);//in Volt
+disp(V,"Voltage V in volts = ");
+disp("V > Vz So zener diode is in ON stste.");
+VZ=50;//in Volts
+VL=VZ;//in volts
+//Apply KVL
+VR=100-50;//in Volts
+VR=50;//in Volts
+disp(VR,"Hence the voltage dropp across the 5 Kohm resistor in Volts is : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH4/EX4.19/Exa4_19.sce b/1787/CH4/EX4.19/Exa4_19.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4bf9b22df --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH4/EX4.19/Exa4_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Exa4.19
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+RL=120;//in ohm
+Izmin=20;//in mA
+Izmax=200;//in mA
+VL=12;//in Volts
+VDCmin=15;//in Volts
+VDCmax=19.5;//in Volts
+Vz=12;//in Volts
+IL=VL/RL;//in Ampere
+IL=IL*1000;//in mAmpere
+//For VDCmin = 15 volts
+VSmin=VDCmin-Vz;//in Volts
+//For VDCmax = 19.5 volts
+VSmax=VDCmax-Vz;//in Volts
+ISmin=Izmin+IL;//in mA
+Ri=VSmin/ISmin;//in Kohm
+Ri=Ri*10^3;//in ohm
+disp(Ri,"The resistance Ri in ohm : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH4/EX4.2/Exa4_2.sce b/1787/CH4/EX4.2/Exa4_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0f7b53db6 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH4/EX4.2/Exa4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Exa4.2
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+T=300;//in Kelvin
+ND=10^16;//in cm^-3
+NA=0;//in cm^-3
+ni=1.5*10^10;//in cm^-3
+no=ND/2+sqrt((ND/2)^2+ni^2);//in cm^-3
+po=ni^2/no;//in cm^-3
+disp(no,"Majority carrier electron concentration in cm^-3 : ");
+disp(po,"Minority carrier hole concentration in cm^-3 : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH4/EX4.20/Exa4_20.sce b/1787/CH4/EX4.20/Exa4_20.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..24ccaca9f --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH4/EX4.20/Exa4_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Exa4.20
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+VRL=10;//in Volts
+Vi=50;//in Volts
+R=1;//in Kohm
+Vz=10;//in Volts
+VL=Vz;//in Volts
+Izm=32;//in mA
+IR=(Vi-VL)/R;//in mA
+disp("Load current IL will be maximum when Iz = 0 ");
+Izmin=0;//in mA
+ILmax=IR-Izmin;//in mA
+disp(ILmax,"Maximum load current in mA : ");
+RLmin=VL/ILmax;//in Ohm
+disp("Load current IL will be minimum when Iz = maximum i.e. 32 mA ");
+Izmax=32;//in mA
+ILmin=IR-Izmax;//in mA
+disp(ILmin,"Minimum load current in mA : ");
+VL=Vz;//in Volts
+RLmax=VL/ILmin;//in Ohm
+disp("Hence range of RL and IL are as follows :");
+disp("Range of RL in Kohm : From "+string(RLmin)+" to "+string(RLmax));
+disp("Range of IL in mA : From "+string(ILmin)+" to "+string(ILmax));
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH4/EX4.3/Exa4_3.sce b/1787/CH4/EX4.3/Exa4_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1c1b13d7e --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH4/EX4.3/Exa4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Exa4.3
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+T=300;//in Kelvin
+ND=3*10^15;//in cm^-3
+NA=10^16;//in cm^-3
+ni=1.6*10^10;//in cm^-3
+po=(NA-ND)/2+sqrt(((NA-ND)/2)^2+ni^2);//in cm^-3
+no=ni^2/po;//in cm^-3
+disp(po,"Majority carrier hole concentration in cm^-3 : ");
+disp(no,"Minority carrier electron concentration in cm^-3 : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH4/EX4.4/Exa4_4.sce b/1787/CH4/EX4.4/Exa4_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1016c2d5b --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH4/EX4.4/Exa4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Exa4.4
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+T=300;//in Kelvin
+ND=10^15;//in cm^-3
+NA=10^18;//in cm^-3
+ni=1.5*10^10;//in cm^-3
+VT=T/11600;//in Volts
+Vbi=VT*log(NA*ND/ni^2);//in Volts
+disp(Vbi,"Built in potential barrier in volts : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH4/EX4.5/Exa4_5.sce b/1787/CH4/EX4.5/Exa4_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b5af8ea68 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH4/EX4.5/Exa4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Exa4.5
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+T=300;//in Kelvin
+ND=10^21;//in m^-3
+NA=10^21;//in m^-3
+ni=1.5*10^16;//in m^-3
+VT=T/11600;//in Volts
+Vo=VT*log(NA*ND/ni^2);//in Volts
+disp(Vo,"Contact p;otential in volts : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH4/EX4.6/Exa4_6.sce b/1787/CH4/EX4.6/Exa4_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ea7aa22b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH4/EX4.6/Exa4_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Exa4.6
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+T=300;//in Kelvin
+ND=10^15;//in cm^-3
+NA=10^16;//in cm^-3
+ni=1.5*10^10;//in cm^-3
+VT=T/11600;//in Volts
+e=1.6*10^-19;//in Coulamb
+epsilon=11.7*8.854*10^-14;//constant
+Vbi=VT*log(NA*ND/ni^2);//in Volts
+SCW=sqrt((2*epsilon*Vbi/e)*(NA+ND)/(NA*ND));//in cm
+SCW=SCW*10^4;//in uMeter
+disp(SCW,"Space charge width in uMeters : ");
+xn=0.864;//in uM
+xp=0.086;//in uM
+Emax=-e*ND*xn/epsilon;//in V/cm
+disp(Emax,"At metallurgical junction, i.e for x=0 the electric field is peak i.e. Emax in volts : ");
+//Note : Ans in the book is wrong
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH4/EX4.7/Exa4_7.sce b/1787/CH4/EX4.7/Exa4_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..84f13eb15 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH4/EX4.7/Exa4_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Exa4.7
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+T=300;//in Kelvin
+ND=10^21;//in m^-3
+NA=10^21;//in m^-3
+ni=1.5*10^16;//in m^-3
+VT=T/11600;//in Volts
+Vo=VT*log(NA*ND/ni^2);//in Volts
+disp(Vo,"Contact potential in volts : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH4/EX4.8/Exa4_8.sce b/1787/CH4/EX4.8/Exa4_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..cda8ed733 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH4/EX4.8/Exa4_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Exa4.8
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+T=300;//in Kelvin
+ND=8*10^14;//in cm^-3
+NA=8*10^14;//in cm^-3
+ni=2*10^13;//in cm^-3
+k=8.61*10^-5;//in eV/K
+Vo=k*T*log(NA*ND/ni^2);//in Volts
+disp(Vo,"Contact potential in volts : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH4/EX4.9/Exa4_9.sce b/1787/CH4/EX4.9/Exa4_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f3da2347e --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH4/EX4.9/Exa4_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Exa4.9
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//In given circuit :
+V=5;//in volts
+Vo=0.7;//in Volts
+R=100;//in Kohm
+disp("Since diode is silicon one, and the barrier potential for Si diode is 0.7 volt, Vo = 0.7 volts ");
+disp("This barrier potential acts in opposite direction to the applied voltage. The diode forward resistance is being assumed to be zero.");
+I=(V-Vo)/R;//in Ampere
+disp(I*1000,"Current flowing through the circuit in Amperes :")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH5/EX5.1/Exa5_1.sce b/1787/CH5/EX5.1/Exa5_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7e35df292 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH5/EX5.1/Exa5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Exa 5.1
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+ND=10^17;//in atoms/cm^3
+NA=0.5*10^16;//in atoms/cm^3
+Vo=0.7;//in Volts
+V=-10;//in Volts
+ND=ND*10^6;//in atoms/m^3
+NA=NA*10^6;//in atoms/m^3
+epsilon=8.85*10^-11;//in F/m
+e=1.6*10^-19;//coulamb
+//part (i)
+disp("When no external voltage is applied i.e. V=0");
+disp("VB = 0.7 volts");
+VB=0.7;//in Volts
+W=sqrt(2*epsilon*VB*(1/NA+1/ND)/e);//in m
+disp(W,"When no external voltage is applied, Junction width in meter : ");
+//part (ii)
+disp("When external voltage of -10 volt is applied");
+disp("VB = Vo-V volts");
+VB=Vo-V;//in Volts
+W=sqrt(2*epsilon*VB*(1/NA+1/ND)/e);//in m
+disp(W,"When external voltage of -10 Volt is applied, Junction width in meter : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH5/EX5.3/Exa5_3.sce b/1787/CH5/EX5.3/Exa5_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..507ff511c --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH5/EX5.3/Exa5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Exa 5.3
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+Ecf=0.3;//in Volts
+T=27+273;//in Kelvin
+delT=55;//in degree centigrade
+//formula : Ecf=Ec-Ef=K*T*log(nc/ND)
+//let K*log(nc/ND)=y
+//Ecf=Ec-Ef=T*y
+y=Ecf/T;//assumed
+Tnew=273+55;//in Kelvin
+EcfNEW=y*Tnew;//in Volts
+disp(EcfNEW,"New position of fermi level is(eV) : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH5/EX5.4/Exa5_4.sce b/1787/CH5/EX5.4/Exa5_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f370b3d61 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH5/EX5.4/Exa5_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Exa 5.4
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+ND=8*10^14;//in cm^-3
+NA=8*10^14;//in cm^-3
+ni=2*10^13;//in cm^-3
+T=300;//in Kelvin
+k=8.61*10^-5;//in eV/K
+e=1.6*10^-19;//coulamb
+Vo=k*T*log(ND*NA/ni^2);//in Volts
+disp(Vo,"Potential barrier in volts : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH5/EX5.5/Exa5_5.sce b/1787/CH5/EX5.5/Exa5_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..347abe778 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH5/EX5.5/Exa5_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Exa 5.5
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+ND=2*10^16;//in cm^-3
+NA=5*10^15;//in cm^-3
+Ao=4.83*10^21;//constant
+T=300;//in Kelvin
+EG=1.1;//in eV
+kT=0.026;//in eV
+ni=Ao*T^(3/2)*exp(-EG/(2*kT));//in m^-3
+ni=ni*10^-6;//in cm^-3
+p=(ni^2)/ND;//in cm^-3
+n=(ni^2)/NA;//in cm^-3
+disp(p,"Hole concentration in cm^-3 : ");
+disp(n,"electron concentration in cm^-3 : ");
+disp("Since elctron concentration is mote than hole concentration, the given Si is of N-type.");
+//Note : Ans in the book is wrong. Mistake in value putting.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH5/EX5.6/Exa5_6.sce b/1787/CH5/EX5.6/Exa5_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..42439bc43 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH5/EX5.6/Exa5_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Exa 5.6
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+CTzero=50;//in pF
+VR=8;//in Volt
+VK=0.7;//in Volt
+n=1/3;//for Si
+CT=CTzero/((1+VR/VK)^n);//in pF
+disp(CT,"Junction capacitance in pF : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH6/EX6.1/Exa6_1.sce b/1787/CH6/EX6.1/Exa6_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3b16df1d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH6/EX6.1/Exa6_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Exa 6.1
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+IC=20;//in mA
+Beta=50;//Unitless
+IB=IC/Beta;//in mA
+IE=IC+IB;//in mA
+disp(IE,"Emitter current in mA : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH6/EX6.10/Exa6_10.sce b/1787/CH6/EX6.10/Exa6_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f25af33dc --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH6/EX6.10/Exa6_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Exa 6.10
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+VCC=10;//in volt
+RL=800;//in ohm
+VL=0.8;//in volt
+alfa=0.96;//unitless
+//VR=IC*RL
+VCE=VCC-VL;//in Volt
+disp(VCE,"Collector-emitter Voltage in volts : ");
+IC=VL*1000/RL;//in mA
+Beta=alfa/(1-alfa);//unitless
+IB=IC/Beta;//in mA
+disp(IB*1000,"Base current in uA : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH6/EX6.11/Exa6_11.sce b/1787/CH6/EX6.11/Exa6_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a3e14ac9c --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH6/EX6.11/Exa6_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Exa 6.11
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+alfao=0.98;//unitless
+ICO=10;//in uA
+ICO=ICO*10^-3;//in mA
+IB=0.22;//in mA
+IC=(alfao*IB+ICO)/(1-alfao);//in mA
+disp(IC,"Collector current in mA : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH6/EX6.12/Exa6_12.sce b/1787/CH6/EX6.12/Exa6_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..eab78db77 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH6/EX6.12/Exa6_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Exa 6.12
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+delVEB=250;//in mVolts
+delIE=1;//in mA
+rin=delVEB/delIE;//in ohm
+disp(rin,"Dynamic input resistance in ohm : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH6/EX6.13/Exa6_13.sce b/1787/CH6/EX6.13/Exa6_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a8680777d --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH6/EX6.13/Exa6_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Exa 6.13
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+delVCE=10-5;//in Volts
+delIC=5.8-5;//in mA
+rin=delVCE/delIC;//in Kohm
+disp(rin,"Dynamic output resistance in Kohm : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH6/EX6.14/Exa6_14.sce b/1787/CH6/EX6.14/Exa6_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9991f6f3b --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH6/EX6.14/Exa6_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Exa 6.14
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+VCC=10;//in volt
+RC=8;//in Kohm
+Beta=40;//unitless
+IB=15;//in uA
+IB=IB*10^-3;//in mA
+// For VCE = 0 Volts
+IC=VCC/RC;//in mA
+disp(IC,"VCE=0V and IC in mA = ");
+disp("This gives a point on loasd line.");
+//For IC=0 VCE=VCC=10V :
+disp("For IC=0, VCE=VCC=10V :")
+disp("This gives another point on load line.");
+IC=Beta*IB;//in mA
+VCE=VCC-IC*RC;//in Volts
+disp("Operating point Q is ("+string(VCE)+"V,"+string(IC)+"mA)");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH6/EX6.15/Exa6_15.sce b/1787/CH6/EX6.15/Exa6_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..48811fa2e --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH6/EX6.15/Exa6_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Exa 6.15
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data :
+VCC=20;//in Volt
+RC=3.3*10^3;//in ohm
+disp("Applying Kirchoffs Voltage Law : ");
+disp("VCC=IC*RC+VCE");
+disp("For cut-off point, IC=0");
+disp("Therefore, VCC=VCE");
+VCE=VCC;//in volt
+disp(VCE,"VCE at cut-off point : ");
+disp("For Saturation point, VCE = 0");
+VCE=0;//in volts
+IC=VCC/RC;//in A
+disp(IC,"IC at saturation point in mA ; ");
+disp("Therefore Load line coordinates are given as : ");
+disp("("+string(20)+"V,"+string(0)+"mA)");
+disp("("+string(VCE)+"V,"+string(IC*1000)+"mA)");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH6/EX6.16/Exa6_16.sce b/1787/CH6/EX6.16/Exa6_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2ebcc3068 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH6/EX6.16/Exa6_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Exa 6.16
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data :
+Beta=45;//Unitless
+VBE=0.7;//in Volt
+VCC=0;//in Volt
+RB=10^5;//in ohm
+RC=1.2*10^3;//in ohm
+VEE=-9;//in Volt
+disp("Applying Kirchoffs Voltage Law in input loop we have : ");
+disp("IB*RB+VBE+VEE=0");
+IB=-(VBE+VEE)/RB;//in mA
+IC=Beta*IB;//in mA
+VC=VCC-IC*RC;//in Volts
+VB=VBE+VEE;//in Volts
+disp(VC,"VC in volts : ");
+disp(VB,"VB in volts : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH6/EX6.17/Exa6_17.sce b/1787/CH6/EX6.17/Exa6_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ae2dc594e --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH6/EX6.17/Exa6_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//Exa 6.17
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data :
+Beta=100;//Unitless
+hfe=Beta;//Unitless
+VBB=5;//in Volt
+VBE=0.8;//in Volt
+RB=50*10^3;//in ohm
+RE=2*10^3;//in ohm
+VCE=0.2;//in Volt
+disp("Applying Kirchoffs Voltage Law in input loop we have : ");
+disp("VBB=IB*RB+VBE+IE*RE=IB*RB+VBE+(1+Beta)*IB*RE");
+disp("IB=(VBB-VBE)/(RB+(1+Beta)*RE)");
+IB=(VBB-VBE)/(RB+(1+Beta)*RE);//in A
+disp(IB*1000,"IB in mA : ");
+disp("Applying Kirchoffs Voltage Law in output loop we have : ");
+disp("10-IC(3*10^3)-VCE-IE(2*10^3)=0");
+IC=(10-0.2)/(5*10^3);//in A
+disp(IC*1000,"IC in mA : ");
+disp(Beta*IB,"Beta*Ib in mA = ");
+disp(IC,"IC = ");
+disp("IC > Beta*IB. Hence the transistor is in saturation with the values of IB = 0.0166 mA and IC = 1.96 mA.")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH6/EX6.2/Exa6_2.sce b/1787/CH6/EX6.2/Exa6_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6cd700c11 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH6/EX6.2/Exa6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Exa 6.2
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+IC=0.98;//in mA
+IB=20;//in uA
+IB=IB*10^-3;//in mA
+//part (i)
+IE=IB+IC;//in mA
+disp(IE,"Emitter current in mA :");
+//part (ii)
+alfa=IC/IE;//unitless
+disp(alfa,"Current amplification factor : ");
+//part (iii)
+Beta=IC/IB;//unitless
+disp(Beta,"Current gain factor : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH6/EX6.3/Exa6_3.sce b/1787/CH6/EX6.3/Exa6_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b969c0f1b --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH6/EX6.3/Exa6_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Exa 6.3
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+alfaDC=0.98;//unitless
+ICBO=4;//in uA
+ICBO=ICBO*10^-3;//in mA
+IB=50;//in uA
+IB=IB*10^-3;//in mA
+//Formula : IC=alfaDC*(IB+IC)+ICBO
+IC=alfaDC*IB/(1-alfaDC)+ICBO/(1-alfaDC);//in mA
+IE=IC+IB;//in mA
+disp(IE,"Emitter current in mA : ");
+disp(IC,"Collector current in mA : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH6/EX6.4/Exa6_4.sce b/1787/CH6/EX6.4/Exa6_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..292924cf0 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH6/EX6.4/Exa6_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Exa 6.4
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+IB=10;//in uA
+IB=IB*10^-3;//in mA
+Beta=99;//Unitless
+ICO=1;//in uA
+ICO=ICO*10^-3;//in mA
+//Formula : IC=alfa*(IB+IC)+ICO
+IC=Beta*IB+(1+Beta)*ICO;//in mA
+disp(IC,"Collector current in mA : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH6/EX6.5/Exa6_5.sce b/1787/CH6/EX6.5/Exa6_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d27c8f4f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH6/EX6.5/Exa6_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Exa 6.5
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+delVEB=200;//in Volts
+delIE=5;//in mA
+rin=delVEB/delIE;//in ohm
+disp(rin,"Dynamic input resistance in ohm : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH6/EX6.6/Exa6_6.sce b/1787/CH6/EX6.6/Exa6_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..790c6232e --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH6/EX6.6/Exa6_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Exa 6.6
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+alfao=0.98;//unitless
+ICO=10;//in uA
+ICO=ICO*10^-3;//in mA
+IE=2;//in mA
+IC=alfao*IE+ICO;//in mA
+IB=IE-IC;//in mA
+disp(IC,"Collector current in mA : ");
+disp(IB*1000,"Base current in uA : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH6/EX6.7/Exa6_7.sce b/1787/CH6/EX6.7/Exa6_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8e3307549 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH6/EX6.7/Exa6_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Exa 6.7
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+ICBO=12.5;//in uA
+ICBO=ICBO*10^-3;//in mA
+IE=2;//in mA
+IC=1.97;//in mA
+alfa=(IC-ICBO)/IE;//unitless
+IB=IE-IC;//in mA
+disp(alfa,"Current gain : ");
+disp(IB,"Base current in mA : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH6/EX6.8/Exa6_8.sce b/1787/CH6/EX6.8/Exa6_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2ee2851a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH6/EX6.8/Exa6_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Exa 6.8
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+RL=4;//in Kohm
+VL=3;//in volt
+alfa=0.96;//unitless
+IC=VL/RL;//in mA
+IE=IC/alfa;//in mA
+IB=IE-IC;//in mA
+disp(IB,"Base current in mA : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH6/EX6.9/Exa6_9.sce b/1787/CH6/EX6.9/Exa6_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a08ef6e36 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH6/EX6.9/Exa6_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Exa 6.9
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data
+RL=1;//in Kohm
+VL=1.2;//in volt
+Beta=60;//unitless
+IC=VL/RL;//in mA
+IB=IC/Beta;//in mA
+disp(IB*1000,"Base current in uA : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH7/EX7.1/Exa7_1.sce b/1787/CH7/EX7.1/Exa7_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..178449883 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH7/EX7.1/Exa7_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Exa 7.1
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data :
+VGS=10;//in Volt
+IG=0.001;//in uA
+IG=IG*10^-6;//in A
+RGS=VGS/IG;//in ohm
+disp(RGS/10^6,"Resistance between gate and source in Mohm ; ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH7/EX7.10/Exa7_10.sce b/1787/CH7/EX7.10/Exa7_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..101e47f3a --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH7/EX7.10/Exa7_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Exa 7.10
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data :
+ID_on=5;//in mA
+VGS=6;//in Volt
+VGS_on=8;//in Volt
+VGST=4;//in Volt
+K=ID_on/(VGS_on-VGST)^2;//in mA/V^2
+ID=K*(VGS-VGST)^2;//in mA
+disp(ID,"When VGS=6V the drain current in mA : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH7/EX7.2/Exa7_2.sce b/1787/CH7/EX7.2/Exa7_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c94160252 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH7/EX7.2/Exa7_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Exa 7.2
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data :
+delVDS=1.5;//in Volt
+delID=120;//in uA
+delID=120*10^-6;//in A
+rd=delVDS/delID;//in Ohm
+disp(rd*10^-3,"AC drain resistance of JFET in Kohm : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH7/EX7.3/Exa7_3.sce b/1787/CH7/EX7.3/Exa7_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9e141aaa3 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH7/EX7.3/Exa7_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Exa 7.3
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data :
+VP=-4.5;//in Volt
+IDSS=10;//in mA
+IDS=2.5;//in mA
+disp("From shockleys equation, drain source current, IDS=IDSS*(1-VGS/VP)^2 ");
+VGS=VP*(1-sqrt(IDS/IDSS));//in Volt
+gm=(-2*IDSS/VP)*(1-VGS/VP);//in mA/Volt
+disp(gm,"Transconductance in mA/Volt : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH7/EX7.4/Exa7_4.sce b/1787/CH7/EX7.4/Exa7_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f10a928b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH7/EX7.4/Exa7_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Exa 7.4
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data :
+gm=10;//in mS
+IDSS=10;//in uA
+IDSS=IDSS-10^-6;//in Ampere
+disp("VGS(OFF) : VGS=VP");
+disp("gm=gmo=-2*IDSS/VP=-2*IDSS/VGS(OFF)");
+VGS_OFF=-2*IDSS/gm
+disp(round(VGS_OFF),"VGS(OFF) in mV :");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH7/EX7.5/Exa7_5.sce b/1787/CH7/EX7.5/Exa7_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..16e0590b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH7/EX7.5/Exa7_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Exa 7.5
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data :
+VP=-4;//in Volt
+IDSS=10;//in mA
+IDSS=IDSS*10^-3;//in Ampere
+VGS=-2;//in Volt
+ID=IDSS*(1-VGS/VP)^2;//in mA
+disp(ID*1000,"Drain current in mA : ");
+disp("The minimum value of VDS for pinch-OFF region is equal to VP. Thus the minimum value of VDS : ");
+disp(VP,"VDS(min) in volt : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH7/EX7.6/Exa7_6.sce b/1787/CH7/EX7.6/Exa7_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f464faf64 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH7/EX7.6/Exa7_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Exa 7.6
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data :
+VP=-3;//in Volt
+IDSS=8.7;//in mA
+IDSS=IDSS*10^-3;//in mA
+VGS=-1;//in Volt
+ID=IDSS*(1-VGS/VP)^2;//in Ampere
+disp(ID*1000,"ID in mA : ")
+gmo=-2*IDSS/VP;//in mS
+disp(gmo*1000,"gmo in mS : ");
+gm=gmo*(1-VGS/VP);//in mS
+disp(gm*1000,"gm in mS : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH7/EX7.7/Exa7_7.sce b/1787/CH7/EX7.7/Exa7_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..33f3eb785 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH7/EX7.7/Exa7_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Exa 7.7
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data :
+VP=-3;//in Volt
+IDSS=8.4;//in mA
+VGS=-1.5;//in Volt
+ID=IDSS*(1-VGS/VP)^2;//in mA
+disp(ID,"Drain current in mA : ");
+gmo=-2*IDSS/VP;//in mS
+gm=gmo*(1-VGS/VP);//in mS
+disp(gm,"gm in mS : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH7/EX7.8/Exa7_8.sce b/1787/CH7/EX7.8/Exa7_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8f6922148 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH7/EX7.8/Exa7_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Exa 7.8
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data :
+VP=-4.5;//in Volt
+IDSS=9;//in mA
+IDSS=IDSS*10^-3;//in Ampere
+IDS=3;//in mA
+IDS=IDS*10^-3;//in Ampere
+VGS=VP*(1-sqrt(IDS/IDSS));//in Volt
+disp(VGS,"IDS = 3 mA when VGS(in Volt) is : ");
+gm=(-2*IDSS/VP)*(1-VGS/VP);//in mS
+disp(gm*1000,"IDS = 3 mA when gm(in mS) is : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH7/EX7.9/Exa7_9.sce b/1787/CH7/EX7.9/Exa7_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b17a0a11c --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH7/EX7.9/Exa7_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Exa 7.9
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data :
+VP=-4;//in Volt
+IDSS=10;//in mA
+VGS=[0 1 -1 -2 -4];
+ID=zeros(1,5);
+for i=1:5
+ ID(i)=IDSS*(1-VGS(i)/VP)^2;//in mA
+end
+plot2d(VGS,ID);
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH8/EX8.1/Exa8_1.sce b/1787/CH8/EX8.1/Exa8_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5adcbabb0 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH8/EX8.1/Exa8_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//Exa 8.1
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data :
+NA=10^22;//in atoms/m^3
+ND=10^22;//in atoms/m^3
+De=25*10^-4;//in m^2/s
+Dh=10^-3;//in m^2/s
+TAUeo=500;//in ns
+TAUho=100;//in ns
+ni=1.5*10^16;//in atoms/m^3
+VR=-10;//in Volt
+epsilon=11.6*8.854*10^-12;//in F/m
+e=1.6*10^-19;//in Coulamb
+VT=26;//in mV
+GL=10^27;//in m^-3 s^-1
+
+Le=sqrt(De*TAUeo*10^-9);//in um
+Le=Le*10^6;//in um
+Lh=sqrt(Dh*TAUho*10^-9);//in um
+Lh=Lh*10^6;//in um
+Vbi=VT*10^-3*log(NA*ND/ni^2);//in Volt
+Vo=Vbi;//in Volt
+VB=Vo-VR;//in Volt
+W=sqrt((2*epsilon*VB/e)*(1/NA+1/ND));//in um
+W=W*10^6;//in um
+JL=e*(W+Le+Lh)*10^-6*GL;//in A/cm^2
+disp(JL/10^4,"Steady state photocurrent density in A/cm^2 : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH8/EX8.2/Exa8_2.sce b/1787/CH8/EX8.2/Exa8_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f867a1d1d --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH8/EX8.2/Exa8_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Exa 8.2
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data :
+W=25;//in um
+PhotonFlux=10^21;//in m^2s^-1
+alfa=10^5;//in m^-1
+e=1.6*10^-19;//in Coulambs
+GL1=alfa*PhotonFlux;//in m^-3s^-1
+GL2=alfa*PhotonFlux*exp(-alfa*W*10^-6);//in m^-3s^-1
+JL=e*PhotonFlux*(1-exp(-alfa*W*10^-6));//in mA/cm^2
+disp(JL/10,"Steady state photocurrent density in mA/cm^2 : ");
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH8/EX8.3/Exa8_3.sce b/1787/CH8/EX8.3/Exa8_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..59004d95e --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH8/EX8.3/Exa8_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//Exa 8.3
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data :
+NA=7.5*10^24;//in atoms/m^3
+ND=1.5*10^22;//in atoms/m^3
+De=25*10^-4;//in m^2/s
+Dh=10^-3;//in m^2/s
+TAUeo=500;//in ns
+TAUho=100;//in ns
+ni=1.5*10^16;//in atoms/m^3
+VR=-10;//in Volt
+epsilon=11.6*8.854*10^-12;//in F/m
+e=1.6*10^-19;//in Coulamb
+VT=26;//in mV
+GL=10^27;//in m^-3 s^-1
+
+Le=sqrt(De*TAUeo*10^-9);//in um
+Le=Le*10^6;//in um
+Lh=sqrt(Dh*TAUho*10^-9);//in um
+Lh=Lh*10^6;//in um
+JS=e*(ni^2)*(De/(Le*10^-6*NA)+De/(Lh*10^-6*ND));//in A/cm^2
+JL=12.5;//in mA/cm^2
+VOC=VT*log(1+JL/JS);//in Volt
+disp(VOC,"Open circuit voltage in Volt : ");
+//Note : Answer in the book is wrong.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1787/CH8/EX8.4/Exa8_4.sce b/1787/CH8/EX8.4/Exa8_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9b50dd910 --- /dev/null +++ b/1787/CH8/EX8.4/Exa8_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Exa 8.4
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data :
+
+disp("Each cell supplies 50 mA at 0.45V. Allowing for the voltage drop across the rectifier and series resistor, a maximum output voltage of approximately 28V is required. Thus, ");
+disp("n = Vout/Vcell");
+Vout=28;//in Volts
+Vcell=0.45;//in Volt
+n=Vout/Vcell;//Unitless
+disp(n,"No. of series connected- cells = ");
+disp("the charge taken from the batteries over a period of 24 hour is 24*0.5 = 12 Ah. thus, the charge delivered by the solar cells must be 12 ampere Hours");
+disp("Since the solar cells are illuminated only 12 hours a day, the necessary charging current from the solar cell is 12Ah/12h i.e. 1 A");
+Iout=1;//in A
+Icell=50;//in mA
+m=Iout/(Icell*10^-3);//unitless
+disp(m,"Hence total no. of group of cells in parallel, m ");
+disp(round(m*n),"The total no. of cells required : ");
+//Note : Answer in the book is wrong.
\ No newline at end of file |