diff options
Diffstat (limited to '1619')
105 files changed, 1547 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/1619/CH1/EX1.14.1/Example1_14_1.sce b/1619/CH1/EX1.14.1/Example1_14_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2be1863a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH1/EX1.14.1/Example1_14_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example 1.14.1 page 1.41
+// To calculate the number of modes...
+
+clc;
+clear;
+d = 50*10^-6; // diameter of fibre...
+n1 = 1.48; //RI of core..
+n2 = 1.46; //RI of cladding..
+lamda = 0.82*10^-6; //wavelength of light..
+
+NA = sqrt(n1^2-n2^2); // Numerical Aperture..
+Vn= %pi*d*NA/lamda; //normalised frequency...
+M = Vn^2/2; // number of modes...
+printf(" The number of modes in the fibre are %d",M);
diff --git a/1619/CH1/EX1.14.10/Example1_14_10.sce b/1619/CH1/EX1.14.10/Example1_14_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..722ee8e4a --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH1/EX1.14.10/Example1_14_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 1.14.10 page 1.49
+//To find the diameter of the core..
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+del= 0.01; //Relative RI difference..
+n1= 1.5;
+M= 1100; //Number of modes...
+lamda= 1.3; //wavelength of operation in um..
+V= sqrt(2*M); //Normalised frequency...
+d= V*lamda/(%pi*n1*sqrt(2*del)); //diameter of core..
+printf('The diameter of the core is %.2f um',d);
diff --git a/1619/CH1/EX1.14.11/Example1_14_11.sce b/1619/CH1/EX1.14.11/Example1_14_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ab9d880b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH1/EX1.14.11/Example1_14_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Example 1.14.11
+//To find Numerical Aperture,Solid Acceptance angle,Normalised frequency,Number of modes..
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+n1= 1.5; // RI of core..
+n2= 1.38; //RI of cladding..
+a= 25*10^-6; //radius of core..
+lamda= 1300*10^-9; // wavelength of operation...
+NA= sqrt(n1^2-n2^2); //Numerical Aperture..
+printf('The Numerical Aperture of the given fibre is %.4f',NA);
+V= 2*%pi*a*NA/lamda; //Normalised frequency..
+printf('\n\nThe normalised frequency is %.2f',V);
+
+theta= asind(NA); //Solid acceptance anglr..
+printf('\n\nThe Solid acceptance angle is %d degrees',theta);
+M= V^2/2; //Number of modes..
+printf("\n\nThe number of modes in the fibre are %d",M);
+printf("\n\n***Number of modes wrongly calculated in the book..");
diff --git a/1619/CH1/EX1.14.12/Example1_14_12.sce b/1619/CH1/EX1.14.12/Example1_14_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..776dc98c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH1/EX1.14.12/Example1_14_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Example 1.14.12
+//To find noramlised frequency and number of modes
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+lamda= 850*10^-9; //wavelength of operation.
+a= 25*10^-6; //Radius of core
+n1= 1.48; //RI of Core...
+n2= 1.46; //RI of cladding..
+
+NA= sqrt(n1^2-n2^2); //Numerical Aperture
+
+V= 2*%pi*a*NA/lamda; //Normalised frequency..
+printf('The normalised frequency is %.2f',V);
+
+lamda1= 1320*10^-9; // wavelength changed...
+V1= 2*%pi*a*NA/lamda1; //Normalised frequency at new wavelength..
+
+M= V1^2/2; //Number of modes at new wavelength..
+printf("\n\nThe number of modes in the fibre at 1320um are %d",M);
+lamda2= 1550*10^-9; //wavelength 2...
+V2= 2*%pi*a*NA/lamda2; //New normalised frequency..
+M1= V2^2/2; // number of modes..
+printf("\n\nThe number of modes in the fibre at 1550um are %d",M1);
diff --git a/1619/CH1/EX1.14.2/Example1_14_2.sce b/1619/CH1/EX1.14.2/Example1_14_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d29bee1a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH1/EX1.14.2/Example1_14_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example 1.14.2 page 1.42
+//to find the Numerical aperture..
+
+clc;
+clear;
+V = 26.6; //Normalised frequency..
+lamda = 1300*10^-9; //wavelenght of operation
+a = 25*10^-6; // radius of fibre.
+NA = V*lamda/(2*%pi*a); //Numerical Aperture..
+printf("The Numerical Aperture is %.3f",NA);
diff --git a/1619/CH1/EX1.14.3/Example1_14_3.sce b/1619/CH1/EX1.14.3/Example1_14_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..54e9db7bf --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH1/EX1.14.3/Example1_14_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Example 1.14.3
+// to calculate the normalise frequency..
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+a = 40*10^-6; //radius of core...
+del = 0.015; //relative RI difference..
+lamda= 0.85*10^-6; //wavelength of operation..
+n1=1.48; //RI of core..
+
+NA = n1*sqrt(2*del); //Numerical Aperture..
+printf(" The Numerical Aperture is %.4f",NA);
+V = 2*%pi*a*NA/lamda; //normalised frequency
+printf(" \n\nThe Normalised frequency is %.2f",V);
+
+M = V^2/2; //number of modes..
+printf("\n\nThe number of modes in the fibre are %d",M);
diff --git a/1619/CH1/EX1.14.4/Example1_14_4.sce b/1619/CH1/EX1.14.4/Example1_14_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a2ee169cb --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH1/EX1.14.4/Example1_14_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Example 1.14.4 page 1.43
+// to find diameter of core, number of modes at 1320, number of modes at 1550 um
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+NA = 0.20; //Numerical Aperture..
+M = 1000; //number of modes..
+lamda = 850*10^-9; // wavelength of operation..
+
+a = sqrt(M*2*lamda^2/(%pi^2*NA^2)); // radius of core..
+a=a*10^6; //converting in um for displaying...
+printf("The radius of the core is %.2f um",a);
+a=a*10^-6;
+M1= ((%pi*a*NA/(1320*10^-9))^2)/2
+printf("\n\nThe number of modes in the fibre at 1320um are %d",M1);
+printf("\n\n***The number of modes in the fibre at 1320um is calculated wrongly in book");
+M2= ((%pi*a*NA/(1550*10^-9))^2)/2
+printf("\n\nThe number of modes in the fibre at 1550um are %d",M2);
diff --git a/1619/CH1/EX1.14.5/Example1_14_5.sce b/1619/CH1/EX1.14.5/Example1_14_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3d5bf828a --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH1/EX1.14.5/Example1_14_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Example 1.14.5 page 1.44
+//To find acceptance angle ; critical angle;number of modes..
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+NA = 0.2; //Numerical Aperture..
+n2= 1.59; // RI of cladding..
+n0= 1.33; // RI of water..
+lamda = 1300*10^-9; // wavelength..
+a = 25*10^-6; // radius of core..
+n1 = sqrt(NA^2+n2^2); //RI of core..
+phiA= asind(sqrt(n1^2-n2^2)/n0); //Acceptance angle..
+printf("The Acceptance angle is %.2f",phiA);
+
+phiC= asind(n2/n1); // Critical angle..
+printf("\n\nThe critical angle is %.2f",phiC);
+V = 2*%pi*a*NA/lamda; // normalisd frequency
+M= V^2/2; //number of modes
+printf("\n\nThe number of modes in the fibre are %d",M);
+
+printf("\n\n***The value of the angle differ from the book because of round off errors.");
diff --git a/1619/CH1/EX1.14.6/Example1_14_6.sce b/1619/CH1/EX1.14.6/Example1_14_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..627ff59e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH1/EX1.14.6/Example1_14_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example 1.14.6 page 1.46
+// To find Numerical Aperture, solid acceptance angle, and number of modes.
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+V= 26.6; // Normalised frequency..
+lamda= 1300*10^-9; //wavelength of operation..
+a= 25*10^-6; // radius of core..
+
+NA = V*lamda/(2*%pi*a); //Numerical Aperture..
+printf('The Numerical Aperture is %.2f',NA);
+theta = %pi*NA^2; //solid Acceptance Angle..
+printf('\n\nThe solid acceptance angle is %.3f radians',theta);
+
+M= V^2/2; //number of modes..
+printf("\n\nThe number of modes in the fibre are %.2f",M);
diff --git a/1619/CH1/EX1.14.7/Example1_14_7.sce b/1619/CH1/EX1.14.7/Example1_14_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..be31a3478 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH1/EX1.14.7/Example1_14_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Example 1.14.7 page 1.47
+// Cutoff wavelength, MAx core diameter for single mode operation..
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+n1= 1.49; // RI of core.
+n2=1.47; //RI of cladding..
+a= 2; //radius of core in um..
+NA= sqrt(n1^2-n2^2); // Numerical Aperture..
+// The maximum V number for single mode operation is 2.4...
+V= 2.4; //Normalised frequency..
+
+lamda = 2*%pi*a*NA/V; // Cutoff wavelength...
+printf('The cutoff wavelength is %.2f um',lamda);
+
+
+lamda1 = 1.310; // Givenn cutoff wavelength in um..
+d= V*lamda1/(%pi*NA); // core diameter..
+printf('\n\nThe core diameter is %.2f um',d);
diff --git a/1619/CH1/EX1.14.8/Example1_14_8.sce b/1619/CH1/EX1.14.8/Example1_14_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5f26f6ba4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH1/EX1.14.8/Example1_14_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 1.14.8 page 1.47
+//To find cutoff wavelength..
+
+clc;
+clear;
+ n1= 1.48; //RI of core..
+ a= 4.5; //core radius in um..
+del= 0.0025; //Relative RI difference..
+V= 2.405; //For step index fibre..
+lamda= (2*%pi*a*n1*sqrt(2*del))/V; //cutoff wavelength..
+printf('The cutoff wavelength is %.2f um ',lamda);
diff --git a/1619/CH1/EX1.14.9/Example1_14_9.sce b/1619/CH1/EX1.14.9/Example1_14_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9b1f745a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH1/EX1.14.9/Example1_14_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example 1.14.9
+//To find normalised frequency and the number of modes for the fibre..
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+lamda= 0.82*10^-6; //wavelength ofoperation.
+a= 2.5*10^-6; //Radius of core..
+n1= 1.48; //RI of core..
+n2= 1.46; //RI of cladding
+NA= sqrt(n1^2-n2^2); //Numerical Aperture..
+V= 2*%pi*a*NA/lamda; //Normalisd frequency..
+printf('The normalised frequency is %.3f',V);
+M= V^2/2; //The number of modes..
+printf("\n\nThe number of modes in the fibre are %.2f",M);
diff --git a/1619/CH1/EX1.15.1/Example1_15_1.sce b/1619/CH1/EX1.15.1/Example1_15_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..34b9fbab7 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH1/EX1.15.1/Example1_15_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 1.15.1 page 1.56..
+// Maximum core diameter..
+
+clc;
+clear;
+n1= 1.48; //RI of core..
+del= 0.015; //relative RI differencr..
+lamda= 0.85; //wavelength of operation..
+V= 2.4; // for single mode of operation..
+
+a= V*lamda/(2*%pi*n1*sqrt(2*del)); //radius of core..
+printf('The raduis of core is %.2f um',a);
+printf('\n\nThe maximum possible core diameter is %.2f um',2*a);
diff --git a/1619/CH1/EX1.15.2/Example1_15_2.sce b/1619/CH1/EX1.15.2/Example1_15_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..10eae7768 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH1/EX1.15.2/Example1_15_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 1.15.2
+// to find maximum core diameter for single mode..
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+n1= 1.5; //RI of core..
+del= 0.01; //Relative RI difference...
+lamda= 1.3; //Wavelength of operation...
+V= 2.4*sqrt(2); // Maximum value of V for GRIN...
+a= V*lamda/(2*%pi*n1*sqrt(2*del)); //radius of core..
+printf('The radius of core is %.2f um',a);
+printf('\n\nThe maximum possible core diameter is %.2f um',2*a);
diff --git a/1619/CH1/EX1.15.3/Example1_15_3.sce b/1619/CH1/EX1.15.3/Example1_15_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9817570ca --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH1/EX1.15.3/Example1_15_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 1.15.3
+//To find the cutoff wavelength..
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+n1= 1.46; //RI of core..
+a = 4.5; //radius of core in um..
+del= 0.0025; //relative RI difference..
+V= 2.405; // Normalisd frequency for single mode..
+lamda= 2*%pi*a*n1*sqrt(2*del)/V; //cutoff wavelength...
+printf('The cut off wavelength for the given fibre is %.3f um',lamda);
diff --git a/1619/CH1/EX1.7.1/Example1_7_1.sce b/1619/CH1/EX1.7.1/Example1_7_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d6d4a1294 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH1/EX1.7.1/Example1_7_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// Example 1.7.1 page 1.14
+//To calculate the angel of refraction if the angle of incidence is 30
+
+clc;
+clear;
+n1= 1.5; // for glass
+n2= 1.33; // for water
+phi1= (%pi/6); // phi1 is the angel of incidence
+// According to Snell's law...
+// n1*sin(phi1)= n2*sin(phi2);
+sinphi2= (n1/n2)*sin(phi1); // phi2 is the angle of refraction..
+phi2 = asind(sinphi2);
+printf(' The angel of refraction is %.2f degrees',phi2);
diff --git a/1619/CH1/EX1.7.2/Example1_7_2.sce b/1619/CH1/EX1.7.2/Example1_7_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f310c5dc6 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH1/EX1.7.2/Example1_7_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +// Example 1.7.2 page 1.14
+// To calculate the critical angel
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+n1= 1.50; // RI of glass..
+n2 = 1; // RI of air...
+// According to Snell's law...
+// n1*sin(phi1)= n2*sin(phi2);
+
+// From definition of critical angel phi2 = 90 degrees and phi1 will be critical angel
+phiC=asind((n2/n1)*sin(%pi/2));
+printf('The Critical angel is %.2f degrees',phiC);
diff --git a/1619/CH1/EX1.7.3/Example1_7_3.sce b/1619/CH1/EX1.7.3/Example1_7_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ff6686f17 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH1/EX1.7.3/Example1_7_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Example 1.7.3 page 1.15
+// To find RI of glass
+// To find the critical angle for glass...
+
+clc;
+clear;
+phi1 = 33 // Angle of incidence..
+phi2 = 90 //Angle of refraction..
+// According to Snell's law...
+// n1*sin(phi1)= n2*sin(phi2);
+//a = sin(phi1*%pi/(180));
+// Assume n1 is the RI of glass and n2 is RI of air
+n2= 1;
+n1 = sind(90)/sind(33);
+printf('The Refractive Index is %.2f',n1);
+
+// To calculate thre critical angle...
+n1 = 1.836; // From above rounded off to 3 decimal points...
+phiC = asind((n2/n1)*sind(90));
+phiC=asind(0.54);
+printf('\n\nThe Critical angel is %.2f degrees',phiC);
diff --git a/1619/CH1/EX1.7.4/Example1_7_4.sce b/1619/CH1/EX1.7.4/Example1_7_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1b8c67256 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH1/EX1.7.4/Example1_7_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Example 1.7.4 page 1.15
+// To find the angle of refraction..
+
+clc;
+clear;
+n1= 1.5 // TheRi of medium 1
+n2= 1.36 // the RI of medium 2
+phi1= 30; // The angle of incidence
+// According to Snell's law...
+// n1*sin(phi1)= n2*sin(phi2);
+phi2 = asind((n1/n2)*sind(phi1));
+printf('The angel of refraction is %.2f degrees from normal',phi2);
diff --git a/1619/CH1/EX1.7.5/Example1_7_5.sce b/1619/CH1/EX1.7.5/Example1_7_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1d3938081 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH1/EX1.7.5/Example1_7_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// Example 1.7.5 page 1.16
+// Will total internal reflection take place?
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+n1 = 3.6; // RI of GaAs..
+n2 = 3.4; // RI of AlGaAs..
+phi1 = 80; // Angle of Incidence..
+// According to Snell's law...
+// n1*sin(phi1)= n2*sin(phi2);
+//At critical angle phi2 = 90...
+phiC = asind((n2/n1)*sind(90));
+printf('The Critical angel is %.2f degrees',phiC);
+printf('\n\nFor total internal reflection to take place angle\n of incidence should be greater than the critical angle. \nFrom the calculations, we can thus conclude that Total internal reflection will take place');
diff --git a/1619/CH1/EX1.9.1/Example1_9_1.sce b/1619/CH1/EX1.9.1/Example1_9_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c13f8bbd8 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH1/EX1.9.1/Example1_9_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// Example 1.91 page 1.22
+// To calculate Numerical Aperture (NA), Acceptance angle (phiA), critical Angle (phiC)...
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+n1= 1.5; // RI of medium 1
+n2 =1.45; // RI of medium 2
+
+del= (n1-n2)/n1;
+NA = n1*(sqrt(2*del));
+printf('The Numerical aperture is %.2f ',NA);
+phiA = asind(NA);
+printf('\n\nThe Acceptance angel is %.2f degrees',phiA);
+
+phiC = asind(n2/n1);
+printf('\n\nThe Critical angel is %.2f degrees',phiC);
diff --git a/1619/CH1/EX1.9.2/Example1_9_2.sce b/1619/CH1/EX1.9.2/Example1_9_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3771890ad --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH1/EX1.9.2/Example1_9_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +// Example 1.9.2 page 1.23
+// To calculate Numerical aperture and Acceptance angle...
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+n1= 1.5 // RI of core
+n2 = 1.48 // RI of cladding..
+
+NA = sqrt((n1^2)-(n2^2));
+printf('The Numerical Aperture is %.2f',NA);
+
+phiA = asind(NA);
+printf('\n\nThe Critical angel is %.2f degrees',phiA);
diff --git a/1619/CH1/EX1.9.3/Example1_9_3.sce b/1619/CH1/EX1.9.3/Example1_9_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9688ade5f --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH1/EX1.9.3/Example1_9_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 1.9.3 page 1.23
+// To calculate RI of core and cladding..
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+NA = 0.35; //Numerical Aperture
+del = 0.01;
+//NA= n1*(sqrt(2*del) n1 is RI of core
+n1 = 0.35/(sqrt(2*del));
+printf('The RI of core is %.4f',n1);
+
+// Numerical Aperture is also given by
+// NA = sqrt(n1^2 - n2^2) // n2 is RI of cladding
+n2 = sqrt((n1^2-NA^2));
+printf('\n\nThe RI of Cladding %.3f',n2);
diff --git a/1619/CH1/EX1.9.4/Example1_9_4.sce b/1619/CH1/EX1.9.4/Example1_9_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..424e32b55 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH1/EX1.9.4/Example1_9_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 1.9.4 page 1.24
+
+
+clc;
+clear;
+Vc = 2.01*10^8; // velocity of light in core in m/sec...
+phiC= 80; // Critical angle in degrees...
+
+// RI of Core (n1) is given by (Velocity of light in air/ velocity of light in air)...
+n1= 3*10^8/Vc;
+// From critical angle and the value of n1 we calculate n2...
+n2 = sind(phiC)*n1; // RI of cladding...
+NA = sqrt(n1^2-n2^2);
+printf('The Numerical Aperture is %.2f',NA);
+phiA = asind(NA); // Acceptance angle...
+printf('\n\nThe Acceptance angel is %.2f degrees',phiA);
diff --git a/1619/CH1/EX1.9.5/Example1_9_5.sce b/1619/CH1/EX1.9.5/Example1_9_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..970c98f39 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH1/EX1.9.5/Example1_9_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// Example 1.9.5 page 1.25
+// To calculate critical angle accepatance angle and numerical aperture..
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+n1 = 1.4; //RI of Core..
+n2 = 1.35; //RI of Cladding
+
+phiC = asind(n2/n1); //Critical angle..
+printf('The Critical angel is %.2f degrees',phiC);
+
+NA = sqrt(n1^2-n2^2); // numerical Aperture...
+printf('\n\nThe Numerical Aperture is %.2f',NA);
+
+phiA = asind(NA); // Acceptance angle...
+printf('\n\nThe Acceptance angel is %.2f degrees',phiA);
diff --git a/1619/CH1/EX1.9.6/Example1_9_6.sce b/1619/CH1/EX1.9.6/Example1_9_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..945c25204 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH1/EX1.9.6/Example1_9_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 1.9.6 page 1.25
+//To calculate The Numerical Aperture and maximum angle of entrance of light into air...
+
+clc;
+clear;
+n1 = 1.48; // RI of core..
+n2 = 1.46; // RI of Cladding..
+
+NA = sqrt(n1^2-n2^2); //Numerical Aperture..
+printf('The Numerical Aperture is %.3f',NA);
+
+theta = %pi*NA^2; // The entrance angle theta..
+printf('\n\nThe Entrance angel is %.3f degrees',theta);
diff --git a/1619/CH1/EX1.9.7/Example1_9_7.sce b/1619/CH1/EX1.9.7/Example1_9_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f85e7d1ae --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH1/EX1.9.7/Example1_9_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example 1.9.7 page 1.26
+//To find the Numerical Aperture...
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+del = 0.007; // relative refractive index difference
+n1 = 1.45; // RI of core...
+NA = n1* sqrt((2*del));
+printf('The Numerical Aperture is %.4f',NA);
diff --git a/1619/CH1/EX1.9.8/Example1_9_8.sce b/1619/CH1/EX1.9.8/Example1_9_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9929e4a94 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH1/EX1.9.8/Example1_9_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 1.9.8 page 1.26
+//To finf relative RI difference..
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+phiA = 8 // accepatance angle in degrees...
+n1 =1.52; //RI of core...
+
+NA = sind(phiA); //Numerical Aperture...
+
+del = NA^2/(2*(n1^2)); //Relative RI difference...
+printf("The relative refractive index difference is %.5f",del);
diff --git a/1619/CH1/EX1.9.9/Example1_9_9.sce b/1619/CH1/EX1.9.9/Example1_9_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..643bb41a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH1/EX1.9.9/Example1_9_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Example 1.9.9 page 1.27
+// Calculate NA and solid acceptance angle. Also find critical angle...
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+del = 0.01; // relative RI difference..
+n1 = 1.48; // RI of core...
+
+NA = n1*(sqrt(2*del)); //Numerical Aperture..
+printf('The Numerical Aperture is %.3f',NA);
+
+theta = %pi*NA^2; //Solid Acceptance angle...
+printf('\n\nThe Solid Acceptance angel is %.4f degrees',theta);
+
+n2 = (1-del)*n1;
+phiC = asind(n2/n1); //Critical Angle...
+printf('\n\nThe Critical angel is %.2f degrees',phiC);
+printf("\n\nCritical angle wrong due to rounding off errors in trignometric functions..\n Actual value is 90.98 in book.");
diff --git a/1619/CH2/EX2.2.1/Example2_2_1.sce b/1619/CH2/EX2.2.1/Example2_2_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..93adc6463 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH2/EX2.2.1/Example2_2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +// Example 2.2.1 page 2.4
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+alpha= 3; // average loss Power decreases by 50% so P(0)/P(z)= 0.5
+lamda= 900*10^-9; //wavelength
+z= 10*log10(0.5)/alpha; //z is the length
+z= z*-1;
+printf("The length over which power decreases by 50%% is =%.2f Kms",z);
+
+z1= 10*log10(0.25)/alpha; //Power decreases by 75% so P(0)/P(z)= 0.25
+z1=z1*-1; //as distance cannot be negative...
+printf("\n\nThe length over which power decreases by 75%% is =%.2f Kms",z1);
diff --git a/1619/CH2/EX2.2.2/Example2_2_2.sce b/1619/CH2/EX2.2.2/Example2_2_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..670ea828a --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH2/EX2.2.2/Example2_2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example 2.2.2 page 2.5
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+z=30; //Length of the fibre in kms
+alpha= 0.8; //in dB
+P0= 200; //Power launched in uW
+pz= P0/10^(alpha*z/10);
+printf("The output power is:%.4f uW",pz);
diff --git a/1619/CH2/EX2.2.3/Example2_2_3.sce b/1619/CH2/EX2.2.3/Example2_2_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ed053d32d --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH2/EX2.2.3/Example2_2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example 2.2.3 page 2.6
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+z=8; //fibre length
+p0= 120*10^-6; //power launched
+pz= 3*10^-6;
+alpha= 10*log10(p0/pz); // overall attenuation
+printf("The overall attenuation is %.2fdB",alpha);
+alpha = alpha/z; // attenuation per km
+alpha_new= alpha *10; // attenuation for 10kms
+total_attenuation = alpha_new + 9; //9dB because of splices
+printf("\n\nThe total attenuation is : %d dB",total_attenuation);
diff --git a/1619/CH2/EX2.2.4/Example2_2_4.sce b/1619/CH2/EX2.2.4/Example2_2_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..10b7931c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH2/EX2.2.4/Example2_2_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example 2.2.4 page 2.6
+
+clc;
+clear;
+z=12; //fibre length
+alpha = 1.5;
+p0= 0.3;
+pz= p0/10^(alpha*z/10);
+pz=pz*1000; //formatting pz in nano watts...
+printf("The power at the output of the cable is:%.2fx10^-9 W",pz);
+alpha_new= 2.5;
+pz=pz/1000; //pz in uWatts...
+p0_new= 10^(alpha_new*z/10)*pz;
+printf("\n\nThe Input power is %.2f uW",p0_new);
diff --git a/1619/CH2/EX2.2.5/Example2_2_5.sce b/1619/CH2/EX2.2.5/Example2_2_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..920f66762 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH2/EX2.2.5/Example2_2_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example 2.2.5 page 2.7
+
+clc;
+clear;
+p0=150*10^-6; //power input
+z= 10; //fibre length in km
+pz= -38.2; // in dBm...
+pz= 10^(pz/10)*1*10^-3;
+alpha_1= 10/z *log10(p0/pz); //attenuation in 1st window
+printf("Attenuation is 1st window is %.2f dB/Km",alpha_1);
+alpha_2= 10/z *log10(p0/(47.5*10^-6)); //attenuation in 2nd window
+printf("\n\nAttenuation is 2nd window is %.2f dB/Km",alpha_2);
+alpha_3= 10/z *log10(p0/(75*10^-6)); //attenuation in 3rd window
+printf("\n\nAttenuation is 3rd window is %.2f dB/Km",alpha_3);
diff --git a/1619/CH2/EX2.2.6/Example2_2_6.sce b/1619/CH2/EX2.2.6/Example2_2_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..298da85a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH2/EX2.2.6/Example2_2_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example 2.2.6 page 2.8
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+p0=3*10^-3;
+pz=3*10^-6;
+alpha= 0.5;
+z= log10(p0/pz)/(alpha/10);
+printf("The Length of the fibre is %.f Km",z);
diff --git a/1619/CH2/EX2.2.7/Example2_2_7.sce b/1619/CH2/EX2.2.7/Example2_2_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..49e544910 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH2/EX2.2.7/Example2_2_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 2.2.7 page 2.9
+
+clc;
+clear;
+z= 10;
+p0= 100*10^-6; // input power
+pz=5*10^-6; //output power
+alpha = 10*log10(p0/pz); //total attenuation
+printf("The overall signal attenuation is %.2f dB",alpha);
+alpha = alpha/z; // attenuation per km
+printf("\n\nThe attenuation per Km is %.2f dB/Km",alpha);
+z_new = 12;
+splice_attenuation = 11*0.5;
+cable_attenuation = alpha*z_new;
+total_attenuation = splice_attenuation+cable_attenuation;
+printf("\n\nThe overall signal attenuation for 12Kms is %.1f dB",total_attenuation);
diff --git a/1619/CH2/EX2.2.8/Example2_2_8.sce b/1619/CH2/EX2.2.8/Example2_2_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..44ac40e4f --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH2/EX2.2.8/Example2_2_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 2.2.8 page 2.15
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+Tf = 1400; //fictive temperature
+BETA = 7*10^-11;
+n= 1.46; //RI
+p= 0.286; //photo elastic constant
+Kb = 1.381*10^-23; //Boltzmann's constant
+lamda = 850*10^-9; //wavelength
+alpha_scat = 8*%pi^3*n^8*p^2*Kb*Tf*BETA/(3*lamda^4);
+l= 1000; //fibre length
+TL = exp(-alpha_scat*l); //transmission loss
+attenuation = 10*log10(1/TL);
+printf("The attenuation is %.3f dB/Km",attenuation);
diff --git a/1619/CH2/EX2.3.1/Example2_3_1.sce b/1619/CH2/EX2.3.1/Example2_3_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1af85537e --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH2/EX2.3.1/Example2_3_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example 2.3.1 page 2.20
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+alpha = 2;
+n1= 1.5;
+del= 0.01;
+a= 25*10^-6;
+lamda= 1.3*10^-6;
+M= 0.5;
+NA= sqrt(0.5*2*1.3^2/(%pi^2*25^2));
+Rc= 3*n1^2*lamda/(4*%pi*NA^3);
+Rc=Rc*1000; // converting into um.....
+printf("The radius of curvature is %.2f um",Rc);
diff --git a/1619/CH2/EX2.5.1/Example2_5_1.sce b/1619/CH2/EX2.5.1/Example2_5_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..292060be3 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH2/EX2.5.1/Example2_5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 2.5.1 page 2.25
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+lamda = 850 *10^-9;
+sigma= 45*10^-9;
+L= 1;
+M= 0.025/(3*10^5*lamda);
+sigma_m= sigma*L*M;
+sigma_m= sigma_m*10^9; // formatting in ns/km....
+printf("The Pulse spreading is %.2f ns/Km",sigma_m);
+printf("\n\nNOTE*** - The answer in text book is wrongly calculated..");
diff --git a/1619/CH2/EX2.5.2/Example2_5_2.sce b/1619/CH2/EX2.5.2/Example2_5_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2f87304e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH2/EX2.5.2/Example2_5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 2.5.2 pagw 2.26
+
+clc;
+clear;
+lamda= 2*10^-9;
+sigma = 75;
+D_mat= 0.03/(3*10^5*2);
+sigma_m= 2*1*D_mat;
+sigma_m=sigma_m*10^9; //Fornamtting in ns/Km
+printf("The Pulse spreading is %d ns/Km",sigma_m);
+D_mat_led= 0.025/(3*10^5*1550);
+sigma_m_led = 75*1*D_mat_led*10^9; //in ns/Km
+printf("\n\nThe Pulse spreading foe LED is %.2f ns/Km",sigma_m_led);
diff --git a/1619/CH2/EX2.5.3/Example2_5_3.sce b/1619/CH2/EX2.5.3/Example2_5_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9bae1250c --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH2/EX2.5.3/Example2_5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 2.5.3 page 2.26
+
+clc;
+clear;
+ lamda = 850;
+ sigma= 20;
+ D_mat = 0.055/(3*10^5*lamda);
+sigma_m= sigma*1*D_mat;
+D_mat=D_mat*10^12; // in Ps...
+sigma_m=sigma_m*10^9; //in ns////
+ printf("The material Dispersion is %.2f Ps/nm-Km",D_mat);
+ printf("\n\nThe Pulse spreading is %.4f ns/Km",sigma_m);
diff --git a/1619/CH2/EX2.5.4/Example2_5_4.sce b/1619/CH2/EX2.5.4/Example2_5_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fc55ebea8 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH2/EX2.5.4/Example2_5_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 2.5.4 page 2.30
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+n2= 1.48;
+del = 0.2;
+lamda = 1320;
+Dw = -n2*del*0.26/(3*10^5*lamda);
+Dw=Dw*10^10; //converting in picosecs....
+printf("The waveguide dispersion is %.3f picosec/nm.Km",Dw);
diff --git a/1619/CH2/EX2.6.1/Example2_6_1.sce b/1619/CH2/EX2.6.1/Example2_6_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..303fb677c --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH2/EX2.6.1/Example2_6_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example 2.6.1 page 2.34
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+t= 0.1*10^-6;
+L= 12;
+B_opt= 1/(2*t);
+B_opt=B_opt/1000000; //converting from Hz to MHz
+printf("The maximum optical bandwidth is %d MHz.",B_opt);
+del= t/L; //Pulse broadening
+del=del*10^9; // converting in ns...
+printf("\n\nThe pulse broadening per unit length is %.2f ns/Km",del);
+BLP= B_opt*L; //BW length product
+printf("\n\nThe Bandwidth-Length Product is %d MHz.Km",BLP);
diff --git a/1619/CH2/EX2.6.2/Example2_6_2.sce b/1619/CH2/EX2.6.2/Example2_6_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0ad54d892 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH2/EX2.6.2/Example2_6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example 2.6.2 page 2.34
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+t= 0.1*10^-6;
+L= 10;
+B_opt= 1/(2*t);
+B_opt=B_opt/1000000; //converting from Hz to MHz
+printf("The maximum optical bandwidth is %d MHz.",B_opt);
+del= t/L;
+del=del/10^-6; //converting in us...
+printf("\n\nThe dispersion per unit length is %.2f us/Km",del);
+BLP= B_opt*L;
+printf("\n\nThe Bandwidth-Length product is %d MHz.Km",BLP);
diff --git a/1619/CH2/EX2.6.3/Example2_6_3.sce b/1619/CH2/EX2.6.3/Example2_6_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..82da6fbda --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH2/EX2.6.3/Example2_6_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 2.6.3 page 2.25
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+t= 0.1*10^-6;
+L=15;
+B_opt= 1/(2*t);
+B_opt=B_opt/1000000; //converting from Hz to MHz
+printf("The maximum optical bandwidth is %d MHz.",B_opt);
+del= t/L*10^9; //in ns...
+printf("\n\nThe dispersion per unit length is %.2f ns/Km",del);
diff --git a/1619/CH2/EX2.6.4/Example2_6_4.sce b/1619/CH2/EX2.6.4/Example2_6_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9ebae5ec5 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH2/EX2.6.4/Example2_6_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example 2.6.4 page 2.35
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+lamda = 0.85*10^-6;
+rms_spect_width = 0.0012*lamda;
+sigma_m= rms_spect_width*1*98.1*10^-3;
+sigma_m=sigma_m*10^9; // converting in ns...
+printf("The Pulse Broadening due to material dispersion is %.2f ns/Km",sigma_m);
diff --git a/1619/CH2/EX2.6.5/Example2_6_5.sce b/1619/CH2/EX2.6.5/Example2_6_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..559f85f42 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH2/EX2.6.5/Example2_6_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Example 2.6.5 page 2.35
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+L= 5; //in KM
+n1= 1.5;
+del= 0.01;
+c= 3*10^8; // in m/s
+delta_t = (L*n1*del)/c;
+delta_t=delta_t*10^12; //convertin to nano secs...
+printf("The delay difference is %.1f ns",delta_t);
+sigma= L*n1*del/(2*sqrt(3)*c);
+sigma=sigma*10^12; //convertin to nano secs...
+printf("\n\nThe r.m.s pulse broadening is %.2f ns",sigma);
+B= 0.2/sigma*1000; //in Mz
+printf("\n\nThe maximum bit rate is %.2f MBits/sec",B);
+BLP = B*5;
+printf("\n\nThe Bandwidth-Length is %.2f MHz.Km",BLP);
diff --git a/1619/CH2/EX2.6.6/Example2_6_6.sce b/1619/CH2/EX2.6.6/Example2_6_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e5dd11f3f --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH2/EX2.6.6/Example2_6_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 2.6.6 page 2.36
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+del_t_inter = 5*1;
+del_t_intra = 50*80*1;
+total_dispersion = sqrt(5^2 + 0.4^2);
+printf("Total dispersion is %.3f ns",total_dispersion);
diff --git a/1619/CH2/EX2.7.1/Example2_7_1.sce b/1619/CH2/EX2.7.1/Example2_7_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c52f8052b --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH2/EX2.7.1/Example2_7_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 2.7.1 page 2.37
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+t= 0.1*10^-6;
+L=15;
+del= t/L*10^9; //convertin to nano secs...
+printf("The Pulse Dispersion is %.2f ns",del);
+B_opt= 1/(2*t)/10^6; //convertin to nano secs...
+printf("\n\n The maximum possible Bandwidth is %d MHz",B_opt);
+BLP = B_opt*L;
+printf("\n\nThe BandwidthLength product is %d MHz.Km",BLP);
diff --git a/1619/CH2/EX2.7.2/Example2_7_2.sce b/1619/CH2/EX2.7.2/Example2_7_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..81dec747b --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH2/EX2.7.2/Example2_7_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 2.7.2 page 2.38
+
+clc;
+clear;
+L= 6;
+n1= 1.5;
+del= 0.01;
+delta_t = L*n1*del/(3*10^8)*10^12; //convertin to nano secs...
+printf("The delay difference is %d ns",delta_t);
diff --git a/1619/CH2/EX2.7.3/Example2_7_3.sce b/1619/CH2/EX2.7.3/Example2_7_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..32b6ca8a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH2/EX2.7.3/Example2_7_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 2.7.3 page 2.39
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+Lb= 0.09;
+lamda= 1.55*10^-6;
+delta_lamda = 1*10^-9;
+Bf= lamda/Lb;
+Lbc= lamda^2/(Bf*delta_lamda);
+printf("The modal Bifriengence is %.2f meters ",Lbc);
+beta_xy= 2*%pi/Lb;
+printf("\n\nThe difference between propogation constants is %.2f", beta_xy);
diff --git a/1619/CH2/EX2.7.4/Example2_7_4.sce b/1619/CH2/EX2.7.4/Example2_7_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..61f2114e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH2/EX2.7.4/Example2_7_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//Example 2.7.4 page 2.37
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+t= 0.1*10^-6;
+B_opt= 1/(2*t)/1000000;
+printf("The maximum possible Bandwidth is %d MHz",B_opt);
diff --git a/1619/CH2/EX2.7.5/Example2_7_5.sce b/1619/CH2/EX2.7.5/Example2_7_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7362c9df0 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH2/EX2.7.5/Example2_7_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example 2.7.5 page 2.40
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+t= 0.1*10^-6;
+
+B_opt= 1/(2*t)/1000000;
+printf("The maximum possible Bandwidth is %d MHz",B_opt);
+
diff --git a/1619/CH3/EX3.2.1/Example3_2_1.sce b/1619/CH3/EX3.2.1/Example3_2_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0b9778319 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH3/EX3.2.1/Example3_2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 3.2.1 page 3.10
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+x= 0.07;
+Eg= 1.424+1.266*x+0.266*x^2;
+lamda= 1.24/Eg;
+printf("The emitted wavelength is %.2f um",lamda);
diff --git a/1619/CH3/EX3.2.2/Example3_2_2.sce b/1619/CH3/EX3.2.2/Example3_2_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d33bd95d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH3/EX3.2.2/Example3_2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 3.2.2 page 3.10
+
+clc;
+clear;
+x= 0.26;
+y=0.57;
+Eg= 1.35-0.72*y+0.12*y^2;
+lamda = 1.24/Eg;
+printf("The wavelength emitted is %.2f um",lamda);
diff --git a/1619/CH3/EX3.2.3/Example3_2_3.sce b/1619/CH3/EX3.2.3/Example3_2_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4e9ff1e10 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH3/EX3.2.3/Example3_2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Example 3.2.3 page 3.12
+
+clc;
+clear;
+Tr = 60*10^-9; //radiative recombination time
+Tnr= 90*10^-9; //non radiative recomb time
+I= 40*10^-3; //current
+t = Tr*Tnr/(Tr+Tnr); //total recomb time
+t=t*10^9; //Converting in nano secs...
+printf("The total carrier recombination life time is %d ns",t);
+t=t/10^9;
+h= 6.625*10^-34; //plancks const
+c= 3*10^8;
+q=1.602*10^-19;
+lamda= 0.87*10^-6;
+Pint=(t/Tr)*((h*c*I)/(q*lamda));
+Pint=Pint*1000; //converting inmW...
+printf("\n\nThe Internal optical power is %.2f mW",Pint);
diff --git a/1619/CH3/EX3.2.4/Example3_2_4.sce b/1619/CH3/EX3.2.4/Example3_2_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d32ff4234 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH3/EX3.2.4/Example3_2_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Example 3.2.4 page 3.13
+clc;
+clear;
+lamda = 1310*10^-9;
+Tr= 30*10^-9;
+Tnr= 100*10^-9;
+I= 40*10^-3;
+t= Tr*Tnr/(Tr+Tnr);
+t=t*10^9; //converting in nano secs...
+printf("Bulk recombination life time %.2f ns",t);
+t=t/10^9;
+n= t/Tr;
+printf("\n\nInternal quantum efficiency is %.3f",n);
+h= 6.625*10^-34; //plancks const
+c= 3*10^8;
+q=1.602*10^-19;
+Pint=(0.769*h*c*I)/(q*lamda)*1000;
+printf("\n\nThe internal power level is %.3f mW",Pint);
+printf("\n\n***NOTE: Internal Power wrong in text book.. Calculation Error..");
diff --git a/1619/CH3/EX3.2.5/Example3_2_5.sce b/1619/CH3/EX3.2.5/Example3_2_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..56e7f266c --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH3/EX3.2.5/Example3_2_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example 3.2.5 page 3.14
+
+clc;
+clear;
+nx= 3.6;
+TF= 0.68;
+n= 0.3;
+//Pe=Pint*TF*1/(4*nx^2);
+//ne= Pe/Px*100 ..eq0
+//Pe = 0.013*Pint //Eq 1
+//Pint = n*P; //Eq 2
+//substitute eq2 and eq1 in eq0
+ne = 0.013*0.3*100;
+printf("The external Power efficiency is %.2f %%",ne);
+// Wrongly printed in textbook. it should be P instead of Pint in last step
diff --git a/1619/CH3/EX3.2.6/Example3_2_6.sce b/1619/CH3/EX3.2.6/Example3_2_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bc775a37e --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH3/EX3.2.6/Example3_2_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Example 3.2.6 page 3.15
+clc;
+clear;
+
+lamda= 0.85*10^-6;
+Nint = 0.60;
+I= 20*10^-3;
+h= 6.625*10^-34; //plancks const
+c= 3*10^8;
+e=1.602*10^-19;
+Pint = Nint*h*c*I/(e*lamda);
+printf("The optical power emitted is %.4f W",Pint);
+
+TF= 0.68;
+nx= 3.6;
+Pe= Pint*TF/(4*nx^2)*1000000;
+printf("\n\nPower emitted in the air %.1f uW",Pe);
+Pe=Pe/1000000;
+Nep=Pe/Pint*100;
+printf("\n\nExternal power efficiency is %.1f %%",Nep);
diff --git a/1619/CH3/EX3.2.7/Example3_2_7.sce b/1619/CH3/EX3.2.7/Example3_2_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0e56f6f82 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH3/EX3.2.7/Example3_2_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Example 3.2.7 page 3.16
+
+clc;
+clear;
+lamda = 0.87*10^-6;
+Tr= 50*10^-9;
+I= 0.04;
+Tnr= 110*10^-9;
+t= Tr*Tnr/(Tr+Tnr);
+t=t*10^9; //converting in ns...
+printf("Total carrier recombination life time is %.2f ns",t);
+t=t/10^9;
+h= 6.625*10^-34; //plancks const
+c= 3*10^8;
+q=1.602*10^-19;
+n= t/Tr;
+printf("\n\nThe efficiency is %.3f %%",n);
+Pint=(n*h*c*I)/(q*lamda)*1000;
+printf("\n\nInternal power generated is %.2f mW",Pint);
+printf("\n\n***NOTE- Internal Power wrong in book... ");
diff --git a/1619/CH3/EX3.2.8/Example3_2_8.sce b/1619/CH3/EX3.2.8/Example3_2_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b215fe224 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH3/EX3.2.8/Example3_2_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Examplr 3.2.8 page 3.16
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+V= 2;
+I= 100*10^-3;
+Pc= 2*10^-3;
+P= V*I;
+Npc= Pc/P*100;
+printf("The overall power conversion efficiency is %d %%",Npc);
diff --git a/1619/CH3/EX3.3.1/Example3_3_1.sce b/1619/CH3/EX3.3.1/Example3_3_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..271c6d3d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH3/EX3.3.1/Example3_3_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 3.3.1 page 3.25
+
+clc;
+clear;
+r1= 0.32;
+r2= 0.32;
+alpha= 10;
+L= 500*10^-4;
+temp=log(1/(r1*r2));
+Tgth = alpha + (temp/(2*L));
+printf("The optical gain at threshold is %.2f /cm",Tgth);
diff --git a/1619/CH3/EX3.3.2/Example3_3_2.sce b/1619/CH3/EX3.3.2/Example3_3_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fc65f7804 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH3/EX3.3.2/Example3_3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example 3.3.2page 3.27
+clc;
+clear;
+n= 3.7;
+lamda = 950*10^-9;
+L= 500*10^-6;
+c= 3*10^8;
+DELv = c/(2*L*n)*10*10^-10; //converting in GHz...
+printf("The frequency spacing is %d GHz",DELv);
+DEL_lamda= lamda^2/(2*L*n)*10^9; //converting to nm..
+printf("\n\nThe wavelength spacing is %.2f nm",DEL_lamda);
+
+printf("\n\n***NOTE- The value of wavelength taken wrongly in book");
+// value of lamda taken wrongly while soving for DEL_LAMDA inthe book..
diff --git a/1619/CH3/EX3.3.3/Example3_3_3.sce b/1619/CH3/EX3.3.3/Example3_3_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..cb01059a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH3/EX3.3.3/Example3_3_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Exapmle 3.3.3 page 3.30
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+L= 0.04;
+n= 1.78;
+lamda= 0.55*10^-6;
+c= 3*10^8;
+q= 2*n*L/lamda;
+q=q/10^5;
+printf("Number of longitudinal modes is %.2fx10^5",q);
+del_f= c/(2*n*L);
+del_f=del_f*10^-9;
+printf("\n\nThe frequency seperation is %.1f GHz",del_f);
diff --git a/1619/CH3/EX3.3.4/Example3_3_4.sce b/1619/CH3/EX3.3.4/Example3_3_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..817936598 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH3/EX3.3.4/Example3_3_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example 3.3.4 page 3.33
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+Nt= 0.18;
+V= 2.5;
+Eg= 1.43;
+Nep= Nt*Eg*100/V;
+printf("The total efficiency is %.3f %%",Nep);
diff --git a/1619/CH3/EX3.3.5/Example3_3_5.sce b/1619/CH3/EX3.3.5/Example3_3_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d6b248e55 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH3/EX3.3.5/Example3_3_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example 3.3.5 page 3.33
+
+clc;
+clear;
+n= 3.6;
+BETA= 21*10^-3;
+alpha= 10;
+L= 250*10^-4;
+
+r= (n-1)^2/(n+1)^2;
+Jth= 1/BETA *( alpha + (log(1/r)/L));
+Jth=Jth/1000; //converting for displaying...
+printf("The threshold current density is %.2fx10^3",Jth);
+Jth=Jth*1000;
+Ith =Jth*250*100*10^-8;
+Ith=Ith*1000; //converting into mA...
+printf("\n\nThe threshold current is %.1f mA",Ith);
diff --git a/1619/CH3/EX3.3.6/Example3_3_6.sce b/1619/CH3/EX3.3.6/Example3_3_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..dc29cfcfc --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH3/EX3.3.6/Example3_3_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Exapmle 3.3.6 page 3.34
+clc;
+clear;
+
+T= 305;
+T0 = 160;
+T1= 373;
+
+Jth_32 = exp(T/T0);
+Jth_100 = exp(T1/T0);
+R_j = Jth_100/Jth_32;
+printf('Ratio of current densities at 160K is %.2f",R_j);
+printf("\n\n***NOTE- Wrong in book...\nJth(100) calculated wrongly...");
+To = 55;
+Jth_32_new = exp(T/To);
+Jth_100_new = exp(T1/To);
+R_j_new = Jth_100_new/Jth_32_new;
+printf("\n\nRatio of current densities at 55K is %.2f",R_j_new);
+//wrong in book...
diff --git a/1619/CH3/EX3.4.1/Example3_4_1.sce b/1619/CH3/EX3.4.1/Example3_4_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9c1743a94 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH3/EX3.4.1/Example3_4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example 3.4.1 page .342
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+Bo= 150;
+rs= 35*10^-4;
+a1= 25*10^-6;
+NA= 0.20;
+a2= 50*10^-6;
+
+Pled = (a1/rs)^2 * (%pi^2*rs^2*Bo*NA^2);
+Pled=Pled*10^10; //converting in uW...
+printf("The power coupled inthe fibre is %d uW",Pled);
+Pled_new = (%pi^2*rs^2*Bo*NA^2);
+Pled_new=Pled_new*10^6; //converting in uW...
+printf("\n\nThe Power coupled for case 2 is %.2f uW",Pled_new);
diff --git a/1619/CH3/EX3.4.2/Example3_4_2.sce b/1619/CH3/EX3.4.2/Example3_4_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..54ea22b2e --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH3/EX3.4.2/Example3_4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 3.4.2 page 3.43
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+n= 1.48;
+n1= 3.6;
+R= (n1-n)^2/(n1+n)^2;
+printf("The Fresnel Reflection is %.4f",R);
+L= -10*log10(1-R);
+printf("\n\nPower loss is %.2f dB",L);
diff --git a/1619/CH3/EX3.4.3/Example3_4_3.sce b/1619/CH3/EX3.4.3/Example3_4_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..52cd8549f --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH3/EX3.4.3/Example3_4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 3.4.3 page 3.44
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+NA= 0.20;
+Bo= 150;
+rs= 35*10^-6;
+Pled = %pi^2*rs^2*Bo*NA^2;
+Pled=Pled*10^10; //convertin in uW for displaying...
+printf("The optical power coupled is %.2f uW",Pled);
diff --git a/1619/CH3/EX3.4.4/Example3_4_4.sce b/1619/CH3/EX3.4.4/Example3_4_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ec286cbf9 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH3/EX3.4.4/Example3_4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 3.4.4 page 3.44
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+n1= 1.5;
+n=1;
+R= (n1-n)^2/(n1+n)^2;
+L= -10*log10(1-R);
+//Total loss is twice due to reflection
+L= L+L;
+printf("Total loss due to Fresnel Reflection is %.2f dB",L);
diff --git a/1619/CH3/EX3.4.5/Example3_4_5.sce b/1619/CH3/EX3.4.5/Example3_4_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bb53f0256 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH3/EX3.4.5/Example3_4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//Example 3.4.5 page 3.51
+
+clc;
+clear;
+n1= 1.5;
+n=1;
+y=5;
+a= 25;
+temp1=(1-(y/(2*a)^2))^0.5;
+temp1=temp1*(y/a);
+temp=2*acosd(0.9996708);// it should be acos(0.1) actually... due to approximations
+ // answer varies a lot...
+temp=temp-temp1;
+//temp=temp;
+tem= 16*(1.5^2)/(2.5^4);
+tem=tem/%pi;
+temp=temp*tem;
+Nlat= temp;
+printf("The Coupling efficiency is %.3f ",Nlat);
+L= -10*log10(Nlat);
+printf("\n\nThe insertion loss is %.2f dB",L);
+temp1=(1-(y/(2*a)^2))^0.5;
+temp1=temp1*(y/a);
+temp=2*acosd(0.9996708);// it should be acos(0.1) actually... due to approximations
+ // answer varies a lot...
+temp=temp-temp1;
+temp=temp/%pi;
+N_new =temp ;
+printf("\n\nEfficiency when joint index is matched is %.3f",N_new);
+L_new= -10*log10(N_new);
+printf("\n\nThe new insertion loss is %.2f dB",L_new);
diff --git a/1619/CH4/EX4.1.1/Example4_1_1.sce b/1619/CH4/EX4.1.1/Example4_1_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..26156d771 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH4/EX4.1.1/Example4_1_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 4.1.1 page 4.5
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+Eg= 1.1;
+lamda_c = 1.24/Eg;
+printf("The cut off wavelength is %.2f um",lamda_c);
+
+Eg_ger =0.67;
+lamda_ger= 1.24/Eg_ger;
+printf("\n\nThe cut off wavelength for Germanium is %.2f um",lamda_ger);
diff --git a/1619/CH4/EX4.1.2/Example4_1_2.sce b/1619/CH4/EX4.1.2/Example4_1_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..56c1b5ec4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH4/EX4.1.2/Example4_1_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//Example 4.1.2 page 4.5
+
+clc;
+clear;
+Eg = 1.43;
+lamda = 1.24/Eg;
+lamda=lamda*1000; //converting in nm
+printf("The cut off wavelength is %.2f nm",lamda);
diff --git a/1619/CH4/EX4.1.3/Example4_1_3.sce b/1619/CH4/EX4.1.3/Example4_1_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8924210a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH4/EX4.1.3/Example4_1_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 4.1.3 page 4.3
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+P = 6*10^6;
+Eh_pair= 5.4*10^6;
+n= Eh_pair/P*100;
+printf("The quantum efficiency is %d %%",n);
diff --git a/1619/CH4/EX4.1.4/Example4_1_4.sce b/1619/CH4/EX4.1.4/Example4_1_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7c9bf02fc --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH4/EX4.1.4/Example4_1_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example 4.1.4 page 4.6
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+R= 0.65;
+P0= 10*10^-6;
+Ip= R*P0;
+Ip=Ip*10^6; //convertinf in uA...
+printf("The generated photocurrent is %.1f uA",Ip);
diff --git a/1619/CH4/EX4.1.5/Example4_1_5.sce b/1619/CH4/EX4.1.5/Example4_1_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..eb3374929 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH4/EX4.1.5/Example4_1_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example 4.1.5 page 4.6
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+Ec= 1.2*10^11;
+P= 3*10^11;
+lamda = 0.85*10^-6;
+n= Ec/P*100;
+printf("The efficiency is %d %%",n);
+
+q= 1.602*10^-19;
+h= 6.625*10^-34;
+c= 3*10^8;
+n= n/100;
+R= n*q*lamda/(h*c);
+printf("\n\nThe Responsivity of the photodiode is %.4f A/W",R);
diff --git a/1619/CH4/EX4.1.6/Example4_1_6.sce b/1619/CH4/EX4.1.6/Example4_1_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8f88199bb --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH4/EX4.1.6/Example4_1_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Example 4.1.6 page 4.7
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+n= 0.65;
+E= 1.5*10^-19;
+Ip= 2.5*10^-6;
+h= 6.625*10^-34;
+c= 3*10^8;
+lamda= h*c/E;
+lamda=lamda*10^6; //converting in um for displaying...
+printf("The wavelength is %.3f um",lamda);
+lamda=lamda*10^-6;
+q= 1.602*10^-19;
+R= n*q*lamda/(h*c);
+printf("\n\nThe Responsivity is %.4f A/W",R);
+Pin= Ip/R;
+Pin=Pin*10^6;// converting in uW for displaying/..
+printf("\n\nThe incidnt power is %.1f uW",Pin);
diff --git a/1619/CH4/EX4.1.7/Example4_1_7.sce b/1619/CH4/EX4.1.7/Example4_1_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d9e9d9af4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH4/EX4.1.7/Example4_1_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 4.1.7 page 4.8
+
+clc;
+clear;
+Iin= 1;
+lamda= 1550*10^-9;
+q= 1.602*10^-19;
+h= 6.625*10^-34;
+c= 3*10^8;
+n=0.65;
+Ip=n*q*lamda*Iin/(h*c);
+Ip=Ip*1000; //converting in mA for displaying...
+printf("The average photon current is %d mA",Ip);
diff --git a/1619/CH4/EX4.1.8/Example4_1_8.sce b/1619/CH4/EX4.1.8/Example4_1_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c25f05e67 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH4/EX4.1.8/Example4_1_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example 4.1.8 page 4.9
+
+clc;
+clear;
+n= 0.70;
+Ip= 4*10^-6;
+e= 1.602*10^-19;
+h= 6.625*10^-34;
+c= 3*10^8;
+E= 1.5*10^-19
+lamda = h*c/E;
+lamda=lamda*10^6; //converting um for displaying...
+printf("The wavelength is %.2f um",lamda);
+R= n*e/E;
+Po= Ip/R;
+Po=Po*10^6; //converting um for displaying...
+printf("\n\nIncident optical Power is %.2f uW",Po);
diff --git a/1619/CH4/EX4.2.1/Example4_2_1.sce b/1619/CH4/EX4.2.1/Example4_2_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..cad3577cf --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH4/EX4.2.1/Example4_2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 4.2.1 page 4.14
+
+clc;
+clear;
+Ct= 7*10^-12;
+Rt= 50*1*10^6/(50+(1*10^6));
+B= 1/(2*%pi*Rt*Ct);
+B=B*10^-6; //converting in mHz for displaying...
+printf("The bandwidth of photodetector is %.2f MHz",B);
diff --git a/1619/CH4/EX4.2.2/Example4_2_2.sce b/1619/CH4/EX4.2.2/Example4_2_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6dbe2c9b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH4/EX4.2.2/Example4_2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 4.2.2 page 4.15
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+W= 25*10^-6;
+Vd= 3*10^4;
+Bm= Vd/(2*%pi*W);
+RT= 1/Bm;
+RT=RT*10^9; //converting ns for displaying...
+printf("The maximum response time is %.2f ns",RT);
diff --git a/1619/CH4/EX4.2.3/Example4_2_3.sce b/1619/CH4/EX4.2.3/Example4_2_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fa2b48ae4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH4/EX4.2.3/Example4_2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example 4.2.3. pahe 4.15
+
+clc;
+clear;
+e= 1.602*10^-19;
+h= 6.625*10^-34;
+v= 3*10^8;
+n=0.65;
+I= 10*10^-6;
+lamda= 900*10^-9;
+R= n*e*lamda/(h*v);
+Po= 0.5*10^-6;
+Ip= Po*R;
+M= I/Ip;
+printf("The multiplication factor is %.2f",M);
diff --git a/1619/CH4/EX4.3.1/Example4_3_1.sce b/1619/CH4/EX4.3.1/Example4_3_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..24d9024cc --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH4/EX4.3.1/Example4_3_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example 4.3.1 page 4.18
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+n=0.65;
+lamda = 900*10^-9;
+Pin= 0.5*10^-6;
+Im= 10*10^-6;
+q= 1.602*10^-19;
+h= 6.625*10^-34;
+c= 3*10^8;
+R= n*q*lamda/(h*c);
+Ip= R*Pin;
+M= Im/Ip;
+printf("The multiplication factor is %.2f",M);
+printf("\n\n***NOTE-Answer wrong in textbook...");
diff --git a/1619/CH4/EX4.6.1/Example4_6_1.sce b/1619/CH4/EX4.6.1/Example4_6_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5273570fc --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH4/EX4.6.1/Example4_6_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Example 4.6.1 page 4.34
+
+clc;
+clear;
+lamda = 1300*10^-9;
+Id= 4*10^-9;
+n=0.9;
+Rl= 1000;
+Pincident= 300*10^-9;
+BW= 20*10^6;
+q= 1.602*10^-19;
+h= 6.625*10^-34;
+v= 3*10^8;
+Iq= sqrt((q*Pincident*n*lamda)/(h*v));
+Iq= sqrt(Iq);
+Iq=Iq*100; //converting in proper format for displaying...
+printf("Mean square quantum noise current is %.2fx10^11 Amp",Iq);
+I_dark= 2*q*BW*Id;
+I_dark=I_dark*10^19;//converting in proper format for displaying...
+printf("\n\nMean square dark current is %.3fx10^-19 Amp",I_dark);
+k= 1.38*10^-23;
+T= 25+273;
+It= 4*k*T*BW/Rl;
+It=It*10^16;//converting in proper format for displaying...
+printf("\n\nMean square thermal nise current is %.2fx10^-16 Amp",It)
diff --git a/1619/CH4/EX4.8.1/Example4_8_1.sce b/1619/CH4/EX4.8.1/Example4_8_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9040c5914 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH4/EX4.8.1/Example4_8_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 4.8.1 page 4.39
+
+clc;
+clear;
+lamda = 850*10^-9; //meters
+BER= 1*10^-9;
+N_bar = 9*log(10);
+h= 6.625*10^-34; //joules-sec
+v= 3*10^8; //meters/sec
+n= 0.65; // assumption
+E=N_bar*h*v/(n*lamda);
+E=E*10^18; ///converting in proper format for displaying...
+printf("The Energy received is %.2fx10^-18 Joules",E);
diff --git a/1619/CH4/EX4.8.2/Example4_8_2.sce b/1619/CH4/EX4.8.2/Example4_8_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..74e732a2d --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH4/EX4.8.2/Example4_8_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 4.8.2 page 4.39
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+lamda = 850*10^-9;
+BER = 1*10^-9;
+BT=10*10^6;
+h= 6.625*10^-34;
+c= 3*10^8;
+Ps= 36*h*c*BT/lamda;
+Ps=Ps*10^12;///converting in proper format for displaying...
+printf("The minimum incidental optical power required id %.2f pW",Ps);
diff --git a/1619/CH4/EX4.8.3/Example4_8_3.sce b/1619/CH4/EX4.8.3/Example4_8_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ef514ab55 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH4/EX4.8.3/Example4_8_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Example 4.8.3 page 4.40
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+C= 5*10^-12;
+B =50*10^6;
+Ip= 1*10^-7;
+e= 1.602*10^-19;
+k= 1.38*10^-23;
+T= 18+273;
+M= 1;
+Rl= 1/(2*%pi*C*B);
+S_N= Ip^2/((2*e*B*Ip)+(4*k*T*B/Rl));
+S_N = 10*log10(S_N); //in db
+printf("The S/N ratio is %.2f dB",S_N);
+M=41.54;
+S_N_new= (M^2*Ip^2)/((2*e*B*Ip*M^2.3)+(4*k*T*B/Rl));
+S_N_new = 10*log10(S_N_new); //in db
+printf("\n\nThe new S/N ratio is %.2f dB",S_N_new);
+printf("\n\nImprovement over M=1 is %.1f dB",S_N_new-S_N);
diff --git a/1619/CH5/EX5.3.1/Example5_3_1.sce b/1619/CH5/EX5.3.1/Example5_3_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a10e792a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH5/EX5.3.1/Example5_3_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 5.3.1 page 5.7
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+B= 15*10^-6;
+L= 4;
+BER= 1*10^-9;
+Ls= 0.5;
+Lc= 1.5;
+alpha= 6;
+Pm= 8;
+Pt= 2*Lc +(alpha*L)+(Pm);
+printf("The actual loss in fibre is %d dB",Pt);
+Pmax = -10-(-50);
+printf("\n\nThe maximum allowable system loss is %d dBm",Pmax);
diff --git a/1619/CH5/EX5.3.2/Example5_3_2.sce b/1619/CH5/EX5.3.2/Example5_3_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bf6f8441c --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH5/EX5.3.2/Example5_3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Example 5.3.2 page 5.8;
+ clc;
+ clear;
+
+ Ps= 0.1;
+ alpha = 6;
+ L= 0.5;
+ Ps = 10*log10(Ps);
+ NA= 0.25;
+ Lcoupling= -10*log10(NA^2);
+ Lf= alpha*L;
+lc= 2*2;
+Pm= 4;
+Pout = Ps-(Lcoupling+Lf+lc+Pm);
+printf("The actual power output is %d dBm",Pout);
+Pmin = -35;
+printf("\n\nMinimum input power required is %d dBm",Pmin);
+printf("\n\nAs Pmin > Pout, system will perform adequately over the system operating life.");
diff --git a/1619/CH5/EX5.3.3/Example5_3_3.sce b/1619/CH5/EX5.3.3/Example5_3_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8aab22b2a --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH5/EX5.3.3/Example5_3_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Example 5.3.3 page 5.8;
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+Ps= 5;
+Lcoupling = 3;
+Lc= 2;
+L_splicing = 50*0.1;
+F_atten = 25;
+L_total = Lcoupling+Lc+L_splicing+F_atten;
+P_avail = Ps-L_total;
+sensitivity = -40;
+loss_margin = -sensitivity-(-P_avail);
+printf("The loss margin of the system is -%d dBm",loss_margin);
+sensitivity_fet = -32;
+loss_margin_fet=-sensitivity_fet-(-P_avail);
+printf("\n\nThe loss marging for the FET receiver is -%d dBm",loss_margin_fet);
diff --git a/1619/CH5/EX5.3.4/Example5_3_4.sce b/1619/CH5/EX5.3.4/Example5_3_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6eccdff57 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH5/EX5.3.4/Example5_3_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example 5.3.4 page 5.9
+
+clc;
+clear ;
+
+LED_output = 3;
+PIN_sensitivity = -54;
+allowed_loss= LED_output -(-PIN_sensitivity);
+Lcoupling = 17.5;
+cable_atten = 30;
+power_margin_coupling= 39.5;
+power_margin_splice=6.2;
+power_margin_cable=9.5;
+final_margin= power_margin_coupling+power_margin_splice+power_margin_cable;
+printf("The safety margin is %.2f dB",final_margin)
+//Answer in book is wrong...
+printf("\n\n***NOTE- Answer wrong in book...");
diff --git a/1619/CH5/EX5.3.5/Example5_3_5.sce b/1619/CH5/EX5.3.5/Example5_3_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4ee54f559 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH5/EX5.3.5/Example5_3_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example 5.3.5 page 5.10
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+optical_power=-10;
+receiver_sensitivity=-41;
+total_margin= optical_power-receiver_sensitivity;
+cable_loss= 7*2.6;
+splice_loss= 6*0.5;
+connector_loss= 1*1.5;
+safety_margin= 6;
+total_loss= cable_loss+splice_loss+connector_loss+safety_margin;
+excess_power_margin= total_margin-total_loss;
+printf("The system is viable and provides %.1f dB excess power margin.",excess_power_margin);
diff --git a/1619/CH5/EX5.4.1/Example5_4_1.sce b/1619/CH5/EX5.4.1/Example5_4_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1bfa4fd4c --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH5/EX5.4.1/Example5_4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 5.4.1 page 5.13
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+Ttx= 15;
+Tmat=21;
+Tmod= 3.9;
+BW= 25;
+Trx= 350/BW;
+
+Tsys = sqrt(Ttx^2+Tmat^2+Tmod^2+Trx^2);
+printf("The system rise time is %.2f ns.",Tsys);
diff --git a/1619/CH5/EX5.4.2/Example5_4_2.sce b/1619/CH5/EX5.4.2/Example5_4_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..de607c095 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH5/EX5.4.2/Example5_4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 5.4.2 page 5.14
+
+clc;
+clear;
+Ttrans = 1.75*10^-9;
+Tled = 3.50*10^-9;
+Tcable=3.89*10^-9;
+Tpin= 1*10^-9;
+Trec= 1.94*10^-9;
+Tsys= sqrt(Ttrans^2+Tled^2+Tcable^2+Tpin^2+Trec^2);
+Tsys=Tsys*10^9;//converting in ns for dislaying...
+printf("The system rise time is %.2f ns",Tsys)
+Tsys=Tsys*10^-9;
+BW= 0.35/Tsys;
+BW=BW/1000000;//converting in MHz for dislaying...
+printf("\n\nThe system bandwidth is %.2f MHz",BW);
diff --git a/1619/CH5/EX5.4.3/Example5_4_3.sce b/1619/CH5/EX5.4.3/Example5_4_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0cfc935eb --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH5/EX5.4.3/Example5_4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example 5.4.3 page 5.14
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+Ttx= 8*10^-9;
+Tintra= 1*10^-9;
+Tmodal=5*10^-9;
+Trr= 6*10^-9;
+Tsys= sqrt(Ttx^2+(8*Tintra)^2+(8*Tmodal)^2+Trr^2);
+
+BWnrz= 0.7/Tsys;
+BWnrz=BWnrz/1000000;//converting in ns for dislaying...
+BWrz=0.35/Tsys;
+BWrz=BWrz/1000000;//converting in ns for dislaying...
+printf("Maximum bit rate for NRZ format is %.2f Mb/sec",BWnrz);
+printf("\n\nMaximum bit rate for RZ format is %.2f Mb/sec",BWrz);
diff --git a/1619/CH5/EX5.4.4/Example5_4_4.sce b/1619/CH5/EX5.4.4/Example5_4_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..053d15673 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH5/EX5.4.4/Example5_4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 5.4.4 page 5.15
+
+clc;
+clear;
+Ts= 10*10^-9;
+Tn=9*10^-9;
+Tc=2*10^-9;
+Td=3*10^-9;
+BW= 6*10^6;
+Tsyst= 1.1*sqrt(Ts^2+(5*Tn)^2+(5*Tc)^2+Td^2);
+Tsyst=Tsyst*10^9;//converting in ns for displying...
+Tsyst_max = 0.35/BW;
+Tsyst_max=Tsyst_max*10^9;//converting in ns for displying...
+printf("Rise system of the system is %.2f ns",Tsyst)
+printf("\n\nMaximum Rise system of the system is %.2f ns",Tsyst_max)
+printf("\n\nSpecified components give a system rise time which is\n adequate for the bandwidth and distance requirements of the optical fibre link.");
diff --git a/1619/CH5/EX5.5.1/Example5_5_1.sce b/1619/CH5/EX5.5.1/Example5_5_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..505064db8 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH5/EX5.5.1/Example5_5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Example 5.5.1 page 5.18
+
+clc;
+clear;
+del_t_1 = 10*100*10^-9;
+Bt_nrz_1 = 0.7/(del_t_1*1000000);
+Bt_rz_1 = 0.35/(del_t_1*1000000);
+printf("First case. \n");
+printf("Bit rate for nrz is:%.1f Mb/sec",Bt_nrz_1);
+printf("\nBit rate for rz is:%.2f Mb/sec",Bt_rz_1);
+del_t_2 = 20*1000*10^-9;
+Bt_nrz_2 = 0.7/(del_t_2*1000000);
+Bt_rz_2 = 0.35/(del_t_2*1000000);
+printf("\n\nSecond case");
+printf("\nBit rate for nrz is:%.3f Mb/sec",Bt_nrz_2);
+printf("\nBit rate for rz is:%.4f Mb/sec",Bt_rz_2);
+del_t_3 = 2*2000*10^-9;
+Bt_nrz_3 = 0.7/(del_t_3*1000);
+Bt_rz_3 = 0.35/(del_t_3*1000);
+printf("\n\nThird case");
+printf("\nBit rate for nrz is:%d BITS/sec",Bt_nrz_3);
+printf("\nBit rate for rz is:%.1f BITS/sec",Bt_rz_3);
diff --git a/1619/CH6/EX6.10.1/Example6_10_1.sce b/1619/CH6/EX6.10.1/Example6_10_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bdf1092c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH6/EX6.10.1/Example6_10_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Example 6.10.1 page 6.22
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+P0= 200;
+P1=90;
+P2=85;
+P3=6.3;
+//All powers in uW...
+coupling_ratio= P2/(P1+P2)*100;
+printf("\n\n Coupling Ratio is %.2f %%",coupling_ratio);
+excess_ratio= 10*log10(P0/(P1+P2))
+printf("\n\n The Excess Ratio is %.4f dB",excess_ratio);
+insertion_loss=10*log10(P0/P1);
+printf("\n\n The Insertion Loss (from Port 0 to Port 1) is %.2f dB",insertion_loss);
+insertion_loss1=10*log10(P0/P2);
+printf("\n\n The Insertion Loss (from Port 0 to Port 2) is %.2f dB",insertion_loss1);
+cross_talk=10*log10(P3/P0);
+printf("\n\n The Cross Talk is %.d dB",cross_talk);
+printf("\n\n***NOTE: Cross Talk calculated wrognly in book... Value of P3 wrognly taken");
diff --git a/1619/CH6/EX6.10.2/Example6_10_2.sce b/1619/CH6/EX6.10.2/Example6_10_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1ed5e2cb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH6/EX6.10.2/Example6_10_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Example 6.10.2 page 6.23
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+P0= 300;
+P1=150;
+P2=65;
+P3=8.3*10^-3;
+//All powers in uW...
+splitting_ratio= P2/(P1+P2)*100;
+printf("\n\n Splitting Ratio is %.2f %%",splitting_ratio);
+excess_ratio= 10*log10(P0/(P1+P2))
+printf("\n\n The Excess Ratio is %.4f dB",excess_ratio);
+insertion_loss=10*log10(P0/P1);
+printf("\n\n The Insertion Loss (from Port 0 to Port 1) is %.2f dB",insertion_loss);
+cross_talk=10*log10(P3/P0);
+printf("\n\n The Cross Talk is %.2f dB",cross_talk);
+
diff --git a/1619/CH6/EX6.10.3/Example6_10_3.sce b/1619/CH6/EX6.10.3/Example6_10_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..23767c2b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH6/EX6.10.3/Example6_10_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 6.10.3 page 6.25
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+N=32;
+Ft=(100-5)/100;
+Total_loss= 10*(1-3.322*log10(Ft))*log10(N);
+printf("The total loss in the coupler is :%.2f dB",Total_loss);
diff --git a/1619/CH6/EX6.10.4/Example6_10_4.sce b/1619/CH6/EX6.10.4/Example6_10_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..523536aaf --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH6/EX6.10.4/Example6_10_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example 6.10.4 page 6.28
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+N=10;
+L=0.5;
+alpha=0.4;
+Lthru=0.9;
+Lc=1;
+Ltap=10;
+Li=0.5;
+Total_loss= N*(alpha*L +2*Lc +Lthru+Li)-(alpha*L)-(2*Lthru)+(2*Ltap);
+printf("The total loss in the coupler is :%d dB",Total_loss);
diff --git a/1619/CH6/EX6.11.1/Example6_11_1.sce b/1619/CH6/EX6.11.1/Example6_11_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b368507a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH6/EX6.11.1/Example6_11_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 6.11.1 page 6.33
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+del_v=10*10^9;
+N_eff= 1.5;
+c=3*10^11; // speed of light in mm/sec
+
+del_L= c/(2*N_eff*del_v);
+printf("The wave guide length differenc is %d mm",del_L);
diff --git a/1619/CH6/EX6.5.1/Example6_5_1.sce b/1619/CH6/EX6.5.1/Example6_5_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1398e2f22 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH6/EX6.5.1/Example6_5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 6.5.1 page 6.11
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+lamda_p= 980*10^-9;
+lamda_s=1550*10^-9;
+P_in=30; // in mW....
+G=100;
+
+Ps_max= ((lamda_p*P_in)/lamda_s)/(G-1);
+printf("\nMaximum input power is:%.5f mW",Ps_max);
+
+Ps_out= Ps_max + (lamda_p*P_in/lamda_s);
+Ps_out= 10*log10(Ps_out);
+printf("\n\nOutput power is:%.2f dBm",Ps_out);
diff --git a/1619/CH6/EX6.5.2/Example6_5_2.sce b/1619/CH6/EX6.5.2/Example6_5_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d823f4046 --- /dev/null +++ b/1619/CH6/EX6.5.2/Example6_5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 6.5.2 page 6.12
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+Ps_out= 30; //in uW...
+Ps_in=1;
+Noise_power = 0.5;
+
+G= Ps_out/Ps_in;
+
+G= 10*log10(G);
+printf("\nThe Gain EDFA is %.2f dB",G);
|