15 files changed, 506 insertions, 444 deletions
diff --git a/1592/CH1/EX1.11/Example1_11.sce b/1592/CH1/EX1.11/Example1_11.sce
index ade4e6a1a..5aefda4cd 100755
--- a/1592/CH1/EX1.11/Example1_11.sce
+++ b/1592/CH1/EX1.11/Example1_11.sce
@@ -1,38 +1,44 @@
-//Scilab Code for Example 1.11 of Signals and systems by
-//P.Ramakrishna Rao
-//displaying plots for the given signals
-clear;
-clc;
-for t=-3:1:3
-y(t+4)=abs(t+3)*u(t+3)-abs(t+1)*u(t+1)-abs(t-1)*u(t-1)+abs(t-3)*u(t-3);
-end
-t=-3:1:3;
-//for the main given signal
-a=gca();
-a.x_location="origin";
-a.y_location="origin";
-plot(t,y);
-title('Main Signal)');
-dy=0*y;
-for i=1:6
-dy(i)=(y(i+1)-y(i))/1;
-end
-//for the derivative of the given signal
-figure(1);
-a=gca();
-a.x_location="origin";
-a.y_location="origin";
-plot2d2(t,dy);
-title('Derivative of Signal');
-dy2=0*dy;
-dy2(1)=dy(1)-0;
-for i=1:6
-dy2(i+1)=(dy(i+1)-dy(i))/1;
-end
-//for the impulse response representation or second derivative
-figure(2);
-a=gca();
-a.x_location="origin";
-a.y_location="origin";
-plot2d3(t,dy2,-5);
-title('Impulse response representation');
+//Scilab Code for Example 1.11 of Signals and systems by
+//P.Ramakrishna Rao
+//displaying plots for the given signals
+clear;
+clc;
+function [y]=u(t)
+    if t>=0
+    y=1
+else y=0
+    end
+endfunction
+for t=-3:1:3
+y(t+4)=abs(t+3)*u(t+3)-abs(t+1)*u(t+1)-abs(t-1)*u(t-1)+abs(t-3)*u(t-3);
+end
+t=-3:1:3;
+//for the main given signal
+a=gca();
+a.x_location="origin";
+a.y_location="origin";
+plot(t,y);
+title('Main Signal)');
+dy=0*y;
+for i=1:6
+dy(i)=(y(i+1)-y(i))/1;
+end
+//for the derivative of the given signal
+figure(1);
+a=gca();
+a.x_location="origin";
+a.y_location="origin";
+plot2d2(t,dy);
+title('Derivative of Signal');
+dy2=0*dy;
+dy2(1)=dy(1)-0;
+for i=1:6
+dy2(i+1)=(dy(i+1)-dy(i))/1;
+end
+//for the impulse response representation or second derivative
+figure(2);
+a=gca();
+a.x_location="origin";
+a.y_location="origin";
+plot2d3(t,dy2,-5);
+title('Impulse response representation');
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1592/CH1/EX1.7/Example1_7.sce b/1592/CH1/EX1.7/Example1_7.sce
index e6f31fdfa..955fcf848 100755
--- a/1592/CH1/EX1.7/Example1_7.sce
+++ b/1592/CH1/EX1.7/Example1_7.sce
@@ -1,34 +1,40 @@
-//Scilab Code for Example 1.7 of Signals and systems by
-//P.Ramakrishna Rao
-clear;
-clc;
-n=1;
-for t=-10:0.1:10;
-    //Function for Even signal
-    y1(n)=0.5*(exp(-t)*u(t)+exp(t)*u(-t));
-    n=n+1;
-end
-a=gca();
-a.x_location="origin";
-a.y_location="origin";
-t=-10:0.1:10;
-//Plot of Even Signal
-plot(t,y1);
-title('y1(t)');
-xlabel('Time in seconds');
-n=1;
-for t=-1:0.01:1;
-    //Function for Odd signal
-    y2(n)=0.5*(exp(-t)*u(t)-exp(t)*u(-t));
-    n=n+1;
-end
-figure(1);
-a=gca();
-a.x_location="origin";
-a.y_location="origin";
-t=-1:0.01:1;
-//Plot of Odd Signal
-plot(t,y2)
-disp('plotted the signal both in even and odd forms');
-title('y2(t)');
-xlabel('Time in seconds');
+//Scilab Code for Example 1.7 of Signals and systems by
+//P.Ramakrishna Rao
+clear;
+clc;
+function [y]=u(t)
+    if t>=0
+    y=1
+else y=0
+    end
+endfunction
+n=1;
+for t=-10:0.1:10;
+    //Function for Even signal
+    y1(n)=0.5*(exp(-t)*u(t)+exp(t)*u(-t));
+    n=n+1;
+end
+a=gca();
+a.x_location="origin";
+a.y_location="origin";
+t=-10:0.1:10;
+//Plot of Even Signal
+plot(t,y1);
+title('y1(t)');
+xlabel('Time in seconds');
+n=1;
+for t=-1:0.01:1;
+    //Function for Odd signal
+    y2(n)=0.5*(exp(-t)*u(t)-exp(t)*u(-t));
+    n=n+1;
+end
+figure(1);
+a=gca();
+a.x_location="origin";
+a.y_location="origin";
+t=-1:0.01:1;
+//Plot of Odd Signal
+plot(t,y2)
+disp('plotted the signal both in even and odd forms');
+title('y2(t)');
+xlabel('Time in seconds');
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1592/CH10/EX10.11/example_10_11.sce b/1592/CH10/EX10.11/example_10_11.sce
index e2f72428c..70ca8ea2f 100755
--- a/1592/CH10/EX10.11/example_10_11.sce
+++ b/1592/CH10/EX10.11/example_10_11.sce
@@ -1,23 +1,22 @@
-//Scilab Code for Example 10.11 of Signals and systems by
-//P.Ramakrishna Rao
-//System Identification
-//Cross Correlation
-clear;
-clc;
-clear x n a y h z;
-x=[1,1,1,1,0,0];
-y=[1,3,6,10,12,12,10,6,3,1];
-h(1)=y(1)/x(1);
-for n=2:7
-    for k=1:n-1
-        z(k)=(h(k)*x(n-k));
-    h(n)=(y(n)-sum(z));
-    end
-end
-disp(h,'h(n)');
-n=1:7;
-a=gca();
-a.x_location="origin";
-a.y_location="origin";
-plot2d3(n,h,-4);
-title('System Response  h(n)');
+//Scilab Code for Example 10.11 of Signals and systems by
+//P.Ramakrishna Rao
+//System Identification
+//Cross Correlation
+clear;
+clc;
+x=[1,1,1,1,0,0];
+y=[1,3,6,10,12,12,10,6,3,1];
+h(1)=y(1)/x(1);
+for n=2:7
+    for k=1:n-1
+        z(k)=(h(k)*x(n-k));
+    h(n)=(y(n)-sum(z));
+    end
+end
+disp(h,'h(n)');
+n=1:7;
+a=gca();
+a.x_location="origin";
+a.y_location="origin";
+plot2d3(n,h,-4);
+title('System Response  h(n)');
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1592/CH10/EX10.5/example_10_5.sce b/1592/CH10/EX10.5/example_10_5.sce
index 7c4224bb5..561e70462 100755
--- a/1592/CH10/EX10.5/example_10_5.sce
+++ b/1592/CH10/EX10.5/example_10_5.sce
@@ -1,21 +1,26 @@
-//Scilab Code for Example 10.5 of Signals and systems by
-//P.Ramakrishna Rao
-//Auto Correlation
-clear;
-clc;
-clear x n a;
-k=1;
-a=0.8;
-for n=-30:30;
-    x(k)=a^(-n)*u(-n);
-    k=k+1;
-end
-length(x)
-//computation of auto correlation sequence;
-r = xcorr(x);
-n=-60:60;
-a=gca();
-a.x_location="origin";
-a.y_location="origin";
-plot2d3(n,r,-4);
-title('rxx_auto-correlation');
+//Scilab Code for Example 10.5 of Signals and systems by
+//P.Ramakrishna Rao
+//Auto Correlation
+clear;
+clc;
+function [y]=u(t)
+    if t&gt;=0
+    y=1
+else y=0
+    end
+endfunction
+k=1;
+a=0.8;
+for n=-30:30;
+    x(k)=a^(-n)*u(-n);
+    k=k+1;
+end
+length(x)
+//computation of auto correlation sequence;
+r = xcorr(x);
+n=-60:60;
+a=gca();
+a.x_location="origin";
+a.y_location="origin";
+plot2d3(n,r,-4);
+title('rxx_auto-correlation');
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1592/CH10/EX10.8/example_10_8.sce b/1592/CH10/EX10.8/example_10_8.sce
index e5f1e553c..bc7464bb9 100755
--- a/1592/CH10/EX10.8/example_10_8.sce
+++ b/1592/CH10/EX10.8/example_10_8.sce
@@ -1,21 +1,26 @@
-//Scilab Code for Example 10.8 of Signals and systems by
-//P.Ramakrishna Rao
-//Auto Correlation
-clear;
-clc;
-clear x n a;
-k=1;
-a=0.8;
-for n=-30:30;
-    x(k)=a^(n)*u(n);
-    k=k+1;
-end
-length(x)
-//computation of auto correlation sequence;
-r = xcorr(x);
-n=-60:60;
-a=gca();
-a.x_location="origin";
-a.y_location="origin";
-plot2d3(n,r,-4);
-title('rxx_auto-correlation');
+//Scilab Code for Example 10.8 of Signals and systems by
+//P.Ramakrishna Rao
+//Auto Correlation
+clear;
+clc;
+function [y]=u(t)
+    if t&gt;=0
+    y=1
+else y=0
+    end
+endfunction
+k=1;
+a=0.8;
+for n=-30:30;
+    x(k)=a^(n)*u(n);
+    k=k+1;
+end
+length(x)
+//computation of auto correlation sequence;
+r = xcorr(x);
+n=-60:60;
+a=gca();
+a.x_location="origin";
+a.y_location="origin";
+plot2d3(n,r,-4);
+title('rxx_auto-correlation');
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1592/CH11/EX11.1/example_11_1.sce b/1592/CH11/EX11.1/example_11_1.sce
index f694b5da7..d72cf6b70 100755
--- a/1592/CH11/EX11.1/example_11_1.sce
+++ b/1592/CH11/EX11.1/example_11_1.sce
@@ -1,21 +1,20 @@
-//Scilab Code for Example 11.1 of Signals and systems by
-//P.Ramakrishna Rao
-//Hilbert Transform
-clc;
-clear;
-n=1;
-for t=-1:0.01:1
-    xr(n)=sin(2*%pi*t);
-    n=n+1;
-end
-//Computing Hilbertb Transform
-x=hilbert(xr);
-t=-1:0.01:1;
-plot(t,xr);
-title('Given Signal x(t)');
-xlabel('time t-->');
-figure(1);
-t=-1:0.1:1;
-plot(t,imag(x));
-title('Hilbert Transform');
-xlabel('time t-->');
+//Scilab Code for Example 11.1 of Signals and systems by
+//P.Ramakrishna Rao
+//Hilbert Transform
+clc;
+clear;
+n=1;
+for t=-1:0.01:1
+    xr(n)=sin(2*%pi*t);
+    n=n+1;
+end
+//Computing Hilbertb Transform
+x=hilbert(xr);
+plot(t,xr);
+title('Given Signal x(t)');
+xlabel('time t--&gt;');
+figure(1);
+t=-1:0.1:1;
+plot(t,imag(x));
+title('Hilbert Transform');
+xlabel('time t--&gt;');
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1592/CH6/EX6.1/Example_6_1.sce b/1592/CH6/EX6.1/Example_6_1.sce
index 6dfef7a58..c9e89c3fb 100755
--- a/1592/CH6/EX6.1/Example_6_1.sce
+++ b/1592/CH6/EX6.1/Example_6_1.sce
@@ -1,33 +1,39 @@
-//Scilab Code for Example 6.1 of Signals and systems by
-//P.Ramakrishna Rao
-//Sampling of signal
-clc;
-clear f n X X_delta w;
-fs=200;
-for f=-200:200
-    X(f+201)=5*[delta(f-75)+delta(f+75)];
-end
-figure(1);
-f=-200:200;
-plot2d3(f,X,-2);
-title('X(f)');
-xlabel('--->  f');
-w=1;
-n=-1;
-    for f=-275:275
-    X_delta1(f+276)=fs*5*[delta(f-n*fs-75)+delta(f-n*fs+75)];
-    end
-n=n+1;
-    for f=-275:275
-    X_delta2(f+276)=fs*5*[delta(f-n*fs-75)+delta(f-n*fs+75)];
-end
-n=n+1;
-    for f=-275:275
-    X_delta3(f+276)=fs*5*[delta(f-n*fs-75)+delta(f-n*fs+75)];
-end
-X_delta=X_delta1+X_delta2+X_delta3;
-figure(2);
-f=-275:275;
-plot2d3(f,X_delta,-2);
-title('X_delta(f) at fs=200');
-xlabel('--->  f');
+//Scilab Code for Example 6.1 of Signals and systems by
+//P.Ramakrishna Rao
+//Sampling of signal
+clc;
+clear
+function [y]=delta(t)
+    if t==0
+    y=1
+else y=0
+    end
+endfunction
+fs=200;
+for f=-200:200
+    X(f+201)=5*[delta(f-75)+delta(f+75)];
+end
+figure(1);
+f=-200:200;
+plot2d3(f,X,-2);
+title('X(f)');
+xlabel('---&gt;  f');
+w=1;
+n=-1;
+    for f=-275:275
+    X_delta1(f+276)=fs*5*[delta(f-n*fs-75)+delta(f-n*fs+75)];
+    end
+n=n+1;
+    for f=-275:275
+    X_delta2(f+276)=fs*5*[delta(f-n*fs-75)+delta(f-n*fs+75)];
+end
+n=n+1;
+    for f=-275:275
+    X_delta3(f+276)=fs*5*[delta(f-n*fs-75)+delta(f-n*fs+75)];
+end
+X_delta=X_delta1+X_delta2+X_delta3;
+figure(2);
+f=-275:275;
+plot2d3(f,X_delta,-2);
+title('X_delta(f) at fs=200');
+xlabel('---&gt;  f');
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1592/CH6/EX6.2/Example_6_2.sce b/1592/CH6/EX6.2/Example_6_2.sce
index 2b43c42a8..671d6d061 100755
--- a/1592/CH6/EX6.2/Example_6_2.sce
+++ b/1592/CH6/EX6.2/Example_6_2.sce
@@ -1,44 +1,50 @@
-//Scilab Code for Example 6.2 of Signals and systems by
-//P.Ramakrishna Rao
-//Sampling of signal and aliasing due to low Sampling frequency
-clc;
-clear f n X X_delta X_delta1 X_delta2 X_delta3 w;
-fs=100;
-for f=-200:200
-    X(f+201)=5*[delta(f-75)+delta(f+75)];
-end
-figure(1);
-f=-200:200;
-plot2d3(f,X,-2);
-title('X(f)');
-xlabel('--->  f');
-w=1;
-n=-2;
-    for f=-175:175
-    X_delta1(f+176)=fs*5*[delta(f-n*fs-75)+delta(f-n*fs+75)];
-    end
-n=n+1;
-    for f=-175:175
-    X_delta2(f+176)=fs*5*[delta(f-n*fs-75)+delta(f-n*fs+75)];
-end
-n=n+1;
-    for f=-175:175
-    X_delta3(f+176)=fs*5*[delta(f-n*fs-75)+delta(f-n*fs+75)];
-end
-n=n+1;
-    for f=-175:175
-    X_delta4(f+176)=fs*5*[delta(f-n*fs-75)+delta(f-n*fs+75)];
-end
-n=n+1;
-    for f=-175:175
-    X_delta5(f+176)=fs*5*[delta(f-n*fs-75)+delta(f-n*fs+75)];
-end
-X_delta=X_delta1+X_delta2+X_delta3+X_delta4+X_delta5;
-figure(2);
-f=-175:175;
-
-plot2d3(f,X_delta,-2);
-title('X_delta(f) at fs=100');
-xlabel('--->  f');
-//The Presence of the 25 HZ component in the spectrum of x_delta(t)
-//Due to effect of Aliasing
+//Scilab Code for Example 6.2 of Signals and systems by
+//P.Ramakrishna Rao
+//Sampling of signal and aliasing due to low Sampling frequency
+clc;
+clear 
+function [y]=delta(t)
+    if t==0
+    y=1
+else y=0
+    end
+endfunction
+fs=100;
+for f=-200:200
+    X(f+201)=5*[delta(f-75)+delta(f+75)];
+end
+figure(1);
+f=-200:200;
+plot2d3(f,X,-2);
+title('X(f)');
+xlabel('---&gt;  f');
+w=1;
+n=-2;
+    for f=-175:175
+    X_delta1(f+176)=fs*5*[delta(f-n*fs-75)+delta(f-n*fs+75)];
+    end
+n=n+1;
+    for f=-175:175
+    X_delta2(f+176)=fs*5*[delta(f-n*fs-75)+delta(f-n*fs+75)];
+end
+n=n+1;
+    for f=-175:175
+    X_delta3(f+176)=fs*5*[delta(f-n*fs-75)+delta(f-n*fs+75)];
+end
+n=n+1;
+    for f=-175:175
+    X_delta4(f+176)=fs*5*[delta(f-n*fs-75)+delta(f-n*fs+75)];
+end
+n=n+1;
+    for f=-175:175
+    X_delta5(f+176)=fs*5*[delta(f-n*fs-75)+delta(f-n*fs+75)];
+end
+X_delta=X_delta1+X_delta2+X_delta3+X_delta4+X_delta5;
+figure(2);
+f=-175:175;
+
+plot2d3(f,X_delta,-2);
+title('X_delta(f) at fs=100');
+xlabel('---&gt;  f');
+//The Presence of the 25 HZ component in the spectrum of x_delta(t)
+//Due to effect of Aliasing
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1592/CH6/EX6.5/Example_6_5.sce b/1592/CH6/EX6.5/Example_6_5.sce
index d42c30e70..0de268f04 100755
--- a/1592/CH6/EX6.5/Example_6_5.sce
+++ b/1592/CH6/EX6.5/Example_6_5.sce
@@ -1,34 +1,39 @@
-//Scilab Code for Example 6.5 of Signals and systems by
-//P.Ramakrishna Rao//Output of LPF
-clc;
-clear;
-
-for f=-100:100
-    X(f+101)=delta(f+100)+delta(f-100)+3*[delta(f+90)+delta(f-90)];
-end
-f=-100:100;
-a=gca();
-a.x_location="origin";
-a.y_location="origin";
-plot2d3(f,X,-2);
-title('Spectrum of x(t)');
-xlabel('-->  f');
-fs=150;
-n=-1;f-n*fs
-    for f=-275:275
-    X_delta1(f+276)=delta(f-n*fs+100)+delta(f-n*fs-100)+3*[delta(f-n*fs+90)+delta(f-n*fs-90)];
-    end
-n=n+1;
-    for f=-275:275
-    X_delta2(f+276)=delta(f-n*fs+100)+delta(f-n*fs-100)+3*[delta(f-n*fs+90)+delta(f-n*fs-90)];
-end
-n=n+1;
-    for f=-275:275
-    X_delta3(f+276)=delta(f-n*fs+100)+delta(f-n*fs-100)+3*[delta(f-n*fs+90)+delta(f-n*fs-90)];
-end
-X_delta=X_delta1+X_delta2+X_delta3;
-figure(2);
-f=-275:275;
-plot2d3(f,X_delta,-2);
-title('X_delta(f) at fs=150');
-xlabel('--->  f');
+//Scilab Code for Example 6.5 of Signals and systems by
+//P.Ramakrishna Rao//Output of LPF
+clc;
+clear;
+function [y]=delta(t)
+    if t==0
+    y=1
+else y=0
+    end
+endfunction
+for f=-100:100
+    X(f+101)=delta(f+100)+delta(f-100)+3*[delta(f+90)+delta(f-90)];
+end
+f=-100:100;
+a=gca();
+a.x_location="origin";
+a.y_location="origin";
+plot2d3(f,X,-2);
+title('Spectrum of x(t)');
+xlabel('--&gt;  f');
+fs=150;
+n=-1;f-n*fs
+    for f=-275:275
+    X_delta1(f+276)=delta(f-n*fs+100)+delta(f-n*fs-100)+3*[delta(f-n*fs+90)+delta(f-n*fs-90)];
+    end
+n=n+1;
+    for f=-275:275
+    X_delta2(f+276)=delta(f-n*fs+100)+delta(f-n*fs-100)+3*[delta(f-n*fs+90)+delta(f-n*fs-90)];
+end
+n=n+1;
+    for f=-275:275
+    X_delta3(f+276)=delta(f-n*fs+100)+delta(f-n*fs-100)+3*[delta(f-n*fs+90)+delta(f-n*fs-90)];
+end
+X_delta=X_delta1+X_delta2+X_delta3;
+figure(2);
+f=-275:275;
+plot2d3(f,X_delta,-2);
+title('X_delta(f) at fs=150');
+xlabel('---&gt;  f');
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1592/CH7/EX7.22/Example_7_22.sce b/1592/CH7/EX7.22/Example_7_22.sce
index e063736b4..d9e629f89 100755
--- a/1592/CH7/EX7.22/Example_7_22.sce
+++ b/1592/CH7/EX7.22/Example_7_22.sce
@@ -1,37 +1,42 @@
-//Scilab Code for Example 7.22 of Signals and systems by
-//P.Ramakrishna Rao
-//Convolution of two signals
-clc;
-clear;
-clear x y n;
-for n=0:10;
-    x(n+1)=(3/4)^n*u(n);
-end
-c = gca();
-c.y_location = "origin";
-c.x_location = "origin";
-n=0:10;
-plot2d3(n,x,-4);
-title('x(n)')
-xlabel('n')
-for n=0:10;
-    y(n+1)=u(n);
-end
-figure(1);
-n=0:10;
-c = gca();
-c.y_location = "origin";
-c.x_location = "origin";
-plot2d3(n,y,-4);
-title('y(k)')
-xlabel('k')
-z=conv(x,y);
-figure(2);
-n=0:20;
-c = gca();
-c.y_location = "origin";
-c.x_location = "origin";
-plot2d3(n,z,-4);
-title('Convoluted signal     w(t)');
-xlabel('t');
-disp(z(1),'z(0)',z(4),'z(3)',z(6),'z(5)',z(11),'z(10)');
+//Scilab Code for Example 7.22 of Signals and systems by
+//P.Ramakrishna Rao
+//Convolution of two signals
+clc;
+clear;
+function [y]=u(t)
+    if t>=0
+    y=1
+else y=0
+    end
+endfunction 
+for n=0:10;
+    x(n+1)=(3/4)^n*u(n);
+end
+c = gca();
+c.y_location = "origin";
+c.x_location = "origin";
+n=0:10;
+plot2d3(n,x,-4);
+title('x(n)')
+xlabel('n')
+for n=0:10;
+    y(n+1)=u(n);
+end
+figure(1);
+n=0:10;
+c = gca();
+c.y_location = "origin";
+c.x_location = "origin";
+plot2d3(n,y,-4);
+title('y(k)')
+xlabel('k')
+z=conv(x,y);
+figure(2);
+n=0:20;
+c = gca();
+c.y_location = "origin";
+c.x_location = "origin";
+plot2d3(n,z,-4);
+title('Convoluted signal     w(t)');
+xlabel('t');
+disp(z(1),'z(0)',z(4),'z(3)',z(6),'z(5)',z(11),'z(10)');
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1592/CH7/EX7.23/Example_7_23.sce b/1592/CH7/EX7.23/Example_7_23.sce
index b24378108..44dd336f5 100755
--- a/1592/CH7/EX7.23/Example_7_23.sce
+++ b/1592/CH7/EX7.23/Example_7_23.sce
@@ -1,36 +1,41 @@
-//Scilab Code for Example 7.23 of Signals and systems by
-//P.Ramakrishna Rao
-//Convolution of two signals
-clc;
-clear;
-clear x y n;
-for n=0:10;
-    x(n+1)=(0.5)^n*u(n-2);
-end
-c = gca();
-c.y_location = "origin";
-c.x_location = "origin";
-n=0:10;
-plot2d3(n,x,-4);
-title('x(n)')
-xlabel('n')
-for n=0:10;
-    y(n+1)=u(n);
-end
-figure(1);
-n=0:10;
-c = gca();
-c.y_location = "origin";
-c.x_location = "origin";
-plot2d3(n,y,-4);
-title('y(k)')
-xlabel('k')
-z=conv(x,y);
-figure(2);
-n=0:20;
-c = gca();
-c.y_location = "origin";
-c.x_location = "origin";
-plot2d3(n,z,-4);
-title('Convoluted signal     z(t)')
-xlabel('t')
+//Scilab Code for Example 7.23 of Signals and systems by
+//P.Ramakrishna Rao
+//Convolution of two signals
+clc;
+clear;
+function [y]=u(t)
+    if t>=0
+    y=1
+else y=0
+    end
+endfunction
+for n=0:10;
+    x(n+1)=(0.5)^n*u(n-2);
+end
+c = gca();
+c.y_location = "origin";
+c.x_location = "origin";
+n=0:10;
+plot2d3(n,x,-4);
+title('x(n)')
+xlabel('n')
+for n=0:10;
+    y(n+1)=u(n);
+end
+figure(1);
+n=0:10;
+c = gca();
+c.y_location = "origin";
+c.x_location = "origin";
+plot2d3(n,y,-4);
+title('y(k)')
+xlabel('k')
+z=conv(x,y);
+figure(2);
+n=0:20;
+c = gca();
+c.y_location = "origin";
+c.x_location = "origin";
+plot2d3(n,z,-4);
+title('Convoluted signal     z(t)')
+xlabel('t')
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1592/CH9/EX9.11/example_9_11.sce b/1592/CH9/EX9.11/example_9_11.sce
index cb72453e8..51fb4d676 100755
--- a/1592/CH9/EX9.11/example_9_11.sce
+++ b/1592/CH9/EX9.11/example_9_11.sce
@@ -1,25 +1,30 @@
-//Scilab Code for Example 9.11 of Signals and systems by
-//P.Ramakrishna Rao
-//Power Spectral Density 
-clear;
-clc;
-clear f n;
-fo=2;
-n=1;
-RC=1/(2*%pi*10^3);
-w=4*%pi*10^3
-H=1/(1+%i*w*RC);
-disp(H,'H(f)');
-X=(abs(H))^2;
-for f=-5:5
-    Pxx(n)=25*[delta(f-fo)+delta(f+fo)];
-    Pyy(n)=X*Pxx(n);
-    n=n+1;
-end
-disp(Pxx,'Pxx=');
-disp(Pyy,'Pyy=');
-f=-5:5;
-plot2d3(f,Pyy,-2);
-title('Power Spectral Density');
-ylabel('Pyy(f)');
-xlabel('f in Hz');
+//Scilab Code for Example 9.11 of Signals and systems by
+//P.Ramakrishna Rao
+//Power Spectral Density 
+clear;
+clc;
+function [y]=delta(t)
+    if t==0
+    y=1
+else y=0
+    end
+endfunction
+fo=2;
+n=1;
+RC=1/(2*%pi*10^3);
+w=4*%pi*10^3
+H=1/(1+%i*w*RC);
+disp(H,'H(f)');
+X=(abs(H))^2;
+for f=-5:5
+    Pxx(n)=25*[delta(f-fo)+delta(f+fo)];
+    Pyy(n)=X*Pxx(n);
+    n=n+1;
+end
+disp(Pxx,'Pxx=');
+disp(Pyy,'Pyy=');
+f=-5:5;
+plot2d3(f,Pyy,-2);
+title('Power Spectral Density');
+ylabel('Pyy(f)');
+xlabel('f in Hz');
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1592/CH9/EX9.3/example_9_3.sce b/1592/CH9/EX9.3/example_9_3.sce
index 9d6385185..bf4e494b9 100755
--- a/1592/CH9/EX9.3/example_9_3.sce
+++ b/1592/CH9/EX9.3/example_9_3.sce
@@ -1,23 +1,29 @@
-//Scilab Code for Example 9.3 of Signals and systems by
-//P.Ramakrishna Rao
-//Convolution of two signals
-clc;
-clear;
-n=1;
-for t=-5:0.1:5
-    x(n)=-2*u(t-0.5)+2*u(t-1.5);
-    y(n)=(t+1)*u(t+1)-(t+1)*u(t-2);
-    n=n+1;
-end
-z=conv(x,y);
-t=-5:0.1:5;
-plot2d2(t,x,5);
-title('x(t)');
-figure(1);
-t=-5:0.1:5;
-plot2d(t,y,2);
-title('y(t)');
-figure(2);
-t=-10:0.1:10;
-plot2d(t,z,6);
-title('Convolution');
+//Scilab Code for Example 9.3 of Signals and systems by
+//P.Ramakrishna Rao
+//Convolution of two signals
+clc;
+clear;
+function [y]=u(t)
+    if t>=0
+    y=1
+else y=0
+    end
+endfunction
+n=1;
+for t=-5:0.1:5
+    x(n)=-2*u(t-0.5)+2*u(t-1.5);
+    y(n)=(t+1)*u(t+1)-(t+1)*u(t-2);
+    n=n+1;
+end
+z=conv(x,y);
+t=-5:0.1:5;
+plot2d2(t,x,5);
+title('x(t)');
+figure(1);
+t=-5:0.1:5;
+plot2d(t,y,2);
+title('y(t)');
+figure(2);
+t=-10:0.1:10;
+plot2d(t,z,6);
+title('Convolution');
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1592/CH9/EX9.5/example_9_5.sce b/1592/CH9/EX9.5/example_9_5.sce
index 4e148ec35..7919c5b59 100755
--- a/1592/CH9/EX9.5/example_9_5.sce
+++ b/1592/CH9/EX9.5/example_9_5.sce
@@ -1,28 +1,33 @@
-//Scilab Code for Example 9.5 of Signals and systems by
-//P.Ramakrishna Rao
-clc;
-clear;
-clear z x y t T;
-n=1;
-for t=-10:0.01:10;
-    x(n)=exp(-t)*u(t);
-    n=n+1;
-end
-t=-10:0.01:10;
-plot(t,x);
-title('x(t)');
-n=1;
-for T=-10:0.1:0;
-    z(n)=integrate('exp(-t)*exp(T-t)','t',0,1000);
-    n=n+1;
-end
-n=1;
-for T=0.1:0.1:10;
-    z(n+101)=integrate('exp(-t)*exp(T-t)','t',T,1000);
-    n=n+1;
-end
-figure(1);
-T=-10:0.1:10;
-plot(T,z);
-title('Rxx(T)');
-xlabel('t in seconds');
+//Scilab Code for Example 9.5 of Signals and systems by
+//P.Ramakrishna Rao
+clc;
+clear;
+function [y]=u(t)
+    if t>=0
+    y=1
+else y=0
+    end
+endfunction
+n=1;
+for t=-10:0.01:10;
+    x(n)=exp(-t)*u(t);
+    n=n+1;
+end
+t=-10:0.01:10;
+plot(t,x);
+title('x(t)');
+n=1;
+for T=-10:0.1:0;
+    z(n)=integrate('exp(-t)*exp(T-t)','t',0,1000);
+    n=n+1;
+end
+n=1;
+for T=0.1:0.1:10;
+    z(n+101)=integrate('exp(-t)*exp(T-t)','t',T,1000);
+    n=n+1;
+end
+figure(1);
+T=-10:0.1:10;
+plot(T,z);
+title('Rxx(T)');
+xlabel('t in seconds');
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1592/CH9/EX9.6/example_9_6.sce b/1592/CH9/EX9.6/example_9_6.sce
index 57cd4a8a9..a52510e23 100755
--- a/1592/CH9/EX9.6/example_9_6.sce
+++ b/1592/CH9/EX9.6/example_9_6.sce
@@ -1,26 +1,25 @@
-//Scilab Code for Example 9.6 of Signals and systems by
-//P.Ramakrishna Rao
-clc;
-clear;
-clear z x y t T;
-A=1;
-n=1;
-wo=2*%pi;
-theta=%pi/2;
-for t=-5:0.01:5;
-    x(n)=A*cos(wo*t+theta);
-    n=n+1;
-end
-t=-5:0.01:5;
-plot(t,x);
-title('x(t)');
-n=1;
-for T=-5:0.1:5;
-    z(n)=(A^2/2)*cos(wo*T);
-    n=n+1;
-end
-figure(1);
-T=-5:0.1:5;
-plot(T,z);
-title('Rxx(T)');
-xlabel('t in seconds')
+//Scilab Code for Example 9.6 of Signals and systems by
+//P.Ramakrishna Rao
+clc;
+clear;
+A=1;
+n=1;
+wo=2*%pi;
+theta=%pi/2;
+for t=-5:0.01:5;
+    x(n)=A*cos(wo*t+theta);
+    n=n+1;
+end
+t=-5:0.01:5;
+plot(t,x);
+title('x(t)');
+n=1;
+for T=-5:0.1:5;
+    z(n)=(A^2/2)*cos(wo*T);
+    n=n+1;
+end
+figure(1);
+T=-5:0.1:5;
+plot(T,z);
+title('Rxx(T)');
+xlabel('t in seconds')
+\ No newline at end of file