diff options
Diffstat (limited to '1574/CH8')
34 files changed, 330 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/1574/CH8/EX8.1/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_1.JPG b/1574/CH8/EX8.1/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_1.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..4d455f4eb --- /dev/null +++ b/1574/CH8/EX8.1/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_1.JPG diff --git a/1574/CH8/EX8.1/TL_Ex_8_1.sce b/1574/CH8/EX8.1/TL_Ex_8_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..44cffaa54 --- /dev/null +++ b/1574/CH8/EX8.1/TL_Ex_8_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clc
+//Chapter8
+//Example8.1, page no 313
+//Given
+//a
+L=1.2*10^-3//distributed inductance
+C=0.05*10^-6//distributed capacitance
+Zo=sqrt(L/C)//Characteristic Impedance
+mprintf('The characteristic Impedance is Zo= %f ohm',Zo)
+Wo=1// Assumedfor ease of calculation
+G=%i*sqrt(L*C)*Wo
+mprintf('\nPropagation constant is Gama= j%3.2ew',G*-%i)
+//b
+//i
+lambda=0.4e3//wavelength=Line length
+c=3e8
+f=c/lambda
+//ii
+L=L'*0.4
+C=C'*0.4
+v=1/(sqrt(L*C))
+mprintf('\n The freq at which the line length is equal to wavelength is: %d KHz\n The velocity of propagation is: %f km/sec',f*1e-3,v*1e-3)
diff --git a/1574/CH8/EX8.15.1/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_15_Pg348.JPG b/1574/CH8/EX8.15.1/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_15_Pg348.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..cfcebf7a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1574/CH8/EX8.15.1/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_15_Pg348.JPG diff --git a/1574/CH8/EX8.15.1/TL_Ex_8_15_Pg_348.sce b/1574/CH8/EX8.15.1/TL_Ex_8_15_Pg_348.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..931a10ba4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1574/CH8/EX8.15.1/TL_Ex_8_15_Pg_348.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clc
+//Chapter8
+//Example8.15, page no 348
+//Given
+l=100// Tx-line length
+ZR=200//Terminal resistance
+Zo=600//Characteristic impedance
+a=0.01//attenuation constant
+Beta=0.03//phase constant
+d=0//reflection coeff at load is Zero
+Gamma=a+%i*Beta//propagation constant
+Kd=((ZR-Zo)/(ZR+Zo))*%e^(-2*Gamma*d)//reflection coeff at point D d km from load
+[Kdr,Kdi]=polar(Kd)
+d1=100// distance
+Ks=((ZR-Zo)/(ZR+Zo))*%e^(-2*Gamma*d1)//reflection coeff at the sending end
+[Ksr,Ksi]=polar(Ks)
+Zin=Zo*(((ZR*cosh(Gamma*l))+(Zo*sinh(Gamma*l)))/((Zo*cosh(Gamma*l))+(ZR*sinh(Gamma*l))))//Input impedance
+[Zinr,Zini]=polar(Zin)
+mprintf('The input impedance is %f /_%fdeg\nReflection Coeff is %f /_%fdeg',Zinr,Zini*180/%pi,Ksr,Ksi*180/%pi)
+
+// Note : There are some calculation errors in the solution presented in the book
diff --git a/1574/CH8/EX8.15/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_15_Pg334.JPG b/1574/CH8/EX8.15/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_15_Pg334.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..348e40123 --- /dev/null +++ b/1574/CH8/EX8.15/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_15_Pg334.JPG diff --git a/1574/CH8/EX8.15/TL_Ex_8_15_Pg_334.sce b/1574/CH8/EX8.15/TL_Ex_8_15_Pg_334.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..73a8d8183 --- /dev/null +++ b/1574/CH8/EX8.15/TL_Ex_8_15_Pg_334.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc
+//Chapter8
+//Example8.15, page no 334
+//GivenR=0.01
+x=10//line length
+Zo=100// characteristic impedance
+a=0.1// attenuation constant
+Beta=0.05// phase constant
+Is=20e-3// source current
+Gamma=a+ %i*Beta// propagation constant
+
+I=Is/cosh(Gamma*x)// received current
+
+[I_r,I_i]=polar(I)
+
+mprintf('The current received is= %f mA at phase%f',1000*I_r,I_i*180/%pi)
diff --git a/1574/CH8/EX8.16/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_16.JPG b/1574/CH8/EX8.16/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_16.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..20ef6ea55 --- /dev/null +++ b/1574/CH8/EX8.16/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_16.JPG diff --git a/1574/CH8/EX8.16/TL_Ex_8_16.sce b/1574/CH8/EX8.16/TL_Ex_8_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2cc050683 --- /dev/null +++ b/1574/CH8/EX8.16/TL_Ex_8_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clc
+//Chapter8
+//Example8.16, page no 349
+//Given
+L=1e-3//inductance
+R=40// Resistance
+C=0.1e-6// capacitance
+G=1e-6//conductance
+w=5000// angular freq
+Zo=sqrt(complex(R,(w*L))/complex(G,(w*C)))//Characteristic impedance
+//Zr=sqrt(sqrt(R^2+(w*L)^2)/sqrt(G^2+(w*C)^2))
+[ZoR,ZoI]=polar(Zo)
+mprintf('The characteristic impedance is %f /_%fdeg',ZoR,ZoI*180/%pi)
+
+// Note : There are some calculation errors in the solution presented in the book
diff --git a/1574/CH8/EX8.17/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_17.JPG b/1574/CH8/EX8.17/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_17.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..f18a3f1c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/1574/CH8/EX8.17/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_17.JPG diff --git a/1574/CH8/EX8.17/TL_Ex_8_17.sce b/1574/CH8/EX8.17/TL_Ex_8_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4fb4f2424 --- /dev/null +++ b/1574/CH8/EX8.17/TL_Ex_8_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc
+//Chapter8
+//Example8.17, page no 349
+//Given
+l=0.5//half line distance
+Vs=10//Excitation voltage
+Gamma=0.7+%i*0.3//propagation constant
+[Vr,Vi]=polar(Vs*(%e^(-Gamma*l)))//vtg at mid point
+mprintf('The voltage at the mid point of the line is %f /_%f ',Vr,Vi*180/%pi)
+
diff --git a/1574/CH8/EX8.18/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_18.JPG b/1574/CH8/EX8.18/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_18.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..b89773b9d --- /dev/null +++ b/1574/CH8/EX8.18/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_18.JPG diff --git a/1574/CH8/EX8.18/TL_Ex_8_18.sce b/1574/CH8/EX8.18/TL_Ex_8_18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d5ff30bab --- /dev/null +++ b/1574/CH8/EX8.18/TL_Ex_8_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc
+//Chapter8
+//Example8.18, page no350
+//Given
+Zo=50// characteristic impedance
+P=500e-3//Supplied power
+S=1.4//VSWR on the line
+Emax=sqrt(Zo*S*P)//Max vtg
+
+Emin=sqrt(Zo*P/S)// Min vtg
+mprintf('The max voltage on line is %f V\n The min voltage on line is %f V',Emax,Emin)
diff --git a/1574/CH8/EX8.19/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_19.JPG b/1574/CH8/EX8.19/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_19.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..61371b7d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/1574/CH8/EX8.19/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_19.JPG diff --git a/1574/CH8/EX8.19/TL_Ex_8_19.sce b/1574/CH8/EX8.19/TL_Ex_8_19.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d9911bd9d --- /dev/null +++ b/1574/CH8/EX8.19/TL_Ex_8_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +clc
+//Chapter8
+//Example8.19, page no 350
+//Given
+Zo=100// Characteristic Impedance
+P=100e-3//Load power
+Zr=140//Load Resistance
+f=100e3// Operating freq
+//a
+K=(Zr-Zo)/(Zo+Zr)//Vtg Reflection coeff
+
+//b
+S=(1+K)/(1-K)//VSWR
+
+//c+d
+Emax=sqrt(Zr*P)//Max line vltg
+Imin=Emax/Zr//Min line current
+
+Emin=Emax/S// Min line vltg
+Imax=S*Imin//Max line current
+
+//e
+R=14000/40
+
+Zr=(Zo^2)/R//
+mprintf('\nThe voltage reflection coeff is %f\nThe VSWR is %f\n\n\nThe Max and min voltage and crresponding crrent is\n Emax= %fV Imin= %fmA\n Emin= %fV Imax= %fmA\n\n The Termination resistance should be %f ohm',K,S,Emax,Imin*1e3,Emin,Imax*1e3,Zr)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/1574/CH8/EX8.2/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_2.JPG b/1574/CH8/EX8.2/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_2.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..b444d29dc --- /dev/null +++ b/1574/CH8/EX8.2/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_2.JPG diff --git a/1574/CH8/EX8.2/TL_Ex_8_2.sce b/1574/CH8/EX8.2/TL_Ex_8_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e8a08a17e --- /dev/null +++ b/1574/CH8/EX8.2/TL_Ex_8_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clc
+//Chapter8
+//Example8.2, page no 314
+//Given
+v=3e8// velocty of light
+f=1.2e6// Operating Freq
+lambda=v/f
+//disp(lambda)
+l=100// length of the Tx-Line
+phi=2*(%pi*l)/(lambda)// Phase shift in degrees
+Zo=500// Characteristic impedance
+//a Open circuited Line
+
+Zin=-%i*Zo*(cos(phi)/sin(phi))
+
+//b Short circuited Line
+Z1in=%i*Zo*tan(phi)
+mprintf('The phase shift is: %d degrees\n Open Circuited line impedance: -j%f ohms\n Short Circuited line impedance -j%f ohms',phi*180/%pi,-Zin*%i,Z1in*%i)
diff --git a/1574/CH8/EX8.20/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_20.JPG b/1574/CH8/EX8.20/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_20.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..094f36596 --- /dev/null +++ b/1574/CH8/EX8.20/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_20.JPG diff --git a/1574/CH8/EX8.20/TL_Ex_8_20.sce b/1574/CH8/EX8.20/TL_Ex_8_20.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..87e65e878 --- /dev/null +++ b/1574/CH8/EX8.20/TL_Ex_8_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clc
+//Chapter8
+//Example8.20, page no 352
+//Given
+V=0.5//receiving vtg
+Vs=2//Source vtg
+al=-log(V/Vs)//attenuation
+
+al2=al*1.5
+V=Vs*%e^-al2//receiving voltage
+mprintf('the receiving voltage will be %f V',V)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/1574/CH8/EX8.22/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_22.JPG b/1574/CH8/EX8.22/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_22.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..c47c880df --- /dev/null +++ b/1574/CH8/EX8.22/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_22.JPG diff --git a/1574/CH8/EX8.22/TL_Ex_8_22.sce b/1574/CH8/EX8.22/TL_Ex_8_22.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2f644506f --- /dev/null +++ b/1574/CH8/EX8.22/TL_Ex_8_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clc
+//Chapter8
+//Example8.22, page no352
+//Given
+Zin=25+%i*15// Internal Impedance
+Zr=70-%i*42//load
+f=3e6//operating freq
+v=3e8//light velocity
+L=v/(4*f)//length of the line
+
+Zo=sqrt(Zin*Zr)//Characteristic Impedance
+mprintf('The lrngth should be %d metres\nThe Characteristic Impedance should be %f ohms',L,Zo)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/1574/CH8/EX8.23/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_23.JPG b/1574/CH8/EX8.23/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_23.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..1b2211687 --- /dev/null +++ b/1574/CH8/EX8.23/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_23.JPG diff --git a/1574/CH8/EX8.23/TL_Ex_8_23.sce b/1574/CH8/EX8.23/TL_Ex_8_23.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..48083c1ec --- /dev/null +++ b/1574/CH8/EX8.23/TL_Ex_8_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +clc
+//Chapter8
+//Example8.23, page no353
+//Given
+//a
+L=1e-3// inductance
+C=61.25e-9//capacitance
+Ld=44e-3//coil inductance
+d=2//distance intervals after which coils are added
+Lt=(L*2)+(Ld*2)//total inductance
+Ct=C*2//total capacitance
+fc=(%pi*sqrt(Lt*Ct))^-1//cut off freq
+
+//b
+I=100e-3//milliameter range
+R=1//milliameter resistance
+Zo=100//characteristic impedance
+Zin=(Zo^2)/R//input impedance
+
+Er=I*R//
+Es=Er*sqrt(Zin/Zo)
+mprintf('The cut-off freq is %f KHz \n the voltage being measured is %d V',fc*1e-3,Es)
+
+
diff --git a/1574/CH8/EX8.24/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_24.JPG b/1574/CH8/EX8.24/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_24.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..65c63df15 --- /dev/null +++ b/1574/CH8/EX8.24/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_24.JPG diff --git a/1574/CH8/EX8.24/TL_Ex_8_24.sce b/1574/CH8/EX8.24/TL_Ex_8_24.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7369e9267 --- /dev/null +++ b/1574/CH8/EX8.24/TL_Ex_8_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc
+//Chapter8
+//Example8.24, page no 354
+//Given
+f=20e6//tuned freq
+ZR=100//Equivalent aerial Resistance
+Zin=500//input impedance
+c=3e8
+lambda=c/f
+l=lambda/4//lambda/4 Transformer
+
+Zo=sqrt(Zin*ZR)//Characteristic impedance
+mprintf('the Length of the transformer(stub) is %f metres\n The characteristic impedance of this transformer is %d ohms',l,round(Zo))
diff --git a/1574/CH8/EX8.25/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_25.JPG b/1574/CH8/EX8.25/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_25.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..8cec62304 --- /dev/null +++ b/1574/CH8/EX8.25/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_25.JPG diff --git a/1574/CH8/EX8.25/TL_Ex_8_25.sce b/1574/CH8/EX8.25/TL_Ex_8_25.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e26a3100d --- /dev/null +++ b/1574/CH8/EX8.25/TL_Ex_8_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clc
+//Chapter8
+//Example8.25, page no 354
+//Given
+lambda=5//wavelength
+Zo=200//Characteristic impedance
+Zo1=100//Zo'
+ZL=50+(%i*50)// load impedance
+l1=0.4*lambda
+l2=0.2*lambda
+Beta=(2*%pi/lambda)// phase difference
+Z2=Zo1*(((ZL*cos(Beta*l2))+(%i*Zo1*sin(Beta*l2)))/((Zo1*cos(Beta*l2))+(%i*ZL*sin(Beta*l2))))//I/p Impedance offered by I2toI1
+Z1=Zo*(((Z2*cos(Beta*l1))+(%i*Zo*sin(Beta*l1)))/((Zo*cos(Beta*l1))+(%i*Z2*sin(Beta*l1))))//I/p impedance
+mprintf('The sending end (Source end)impedance (Zl)is: '),disp(Z1)
+
+
+
diff --git a/1574/CH8/EX8.3/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_3.JPG b/1574/CH8/EX8.3/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_3.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..86bddd978 --- /dev/null +++ b/1574/CH8/EX8.3/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_3.JPG diff --git a/1574/CH8/EX8.3/TL_Ex_8_3.sce b/1574/CH8/EX8.3/TL_Ex_8_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..96148d604 --- /dev/null +++ b/1574/CH8/EX8.3/TL_Ex_8_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +
+clc
+//Chapter8
+//Example8.3, page no 315
+//Given
+f=1600
+w=1000
+Zoc=2460*exp(%i*-86.5*%pi/180)// Open circuited Line impedance
+Zsc=21.5*exp(%i*14*%pi/180)// Short circuited Line impedance
+Zo=sqrt(Zoc*Zsc)// Characteristic impedance
+A=real(sqrt(Zsc/Zoc))// tan(a+ jBeta) = A + jB
+B=imag(sqrt(Zsc/Zoc))
+l=1/4
+alpha=(1/(4*l))*log(((1+A^2+B)^2)/(((1-A)^2)+B^2)) //Attenuation Constant
+Beta=(1/(2*l))*atan((2*B)/(1-A^2-B)) //phase constant
+
+//the tx-Line parameters
+R=real(Zo*complex(alpha,Beta))
+L=imag(Zo*complex(alpha,Beta))
+G=real(complex(alpha,Beta)/Zo)
+C=imag(complex(alpha,Beta)/Zo)
+mprintf('The Characteristic impedance:Zo= ') ,disp(Zo)
+mprintf('The value of Alpha= %f nepere/km\n',alpha)
+mprintf('The value of Beta= %f \n',Beta)
+mprintf('the tx-Line parameters are\nR= %f ohms\nL= %f mH\nG= %f umhos\nC= %f mF\n',R,L,G*1e6,C*1e3)
+
+// Note : There are some calculation errors in the solution presented in the book
diff --git a/1574/CH8/EX8.4/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_4.JPG b/1574/CH8/EX8.4/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_4.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..df8873a62 --- /dev/null +++ b/1574/CH8/EX8.4/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_4.JPG diff --git a/1574/CH8/EX8.4/TL_Ex_8_4.sce b/1574/CH8/EX8.4/TL_Ex_8_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c2c702932 --- /dev/null +++ b/1574/CH8/EX8.4/TL_Ex_8_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clc
+//Chapter8
+//Example8.4, page no 316
+//Given
+d=0.7// distance between two insertions
+Ld_m= (80e-3)*(10/7)//Loading coil inductance
+//disp(Ld_m)
+Rd_m=100/7//Loading coil resistance
+//disp(Rd_m)
+R=20+Rd_m//Line resistance
+L=Ld_m// Line inductance
+C=0.05e-6// Line Capacitance
+alfa=0.5*R*sqrt(C/L)//Attenuation Constant
+//
+fc=(%pi*d*sqrt(L*C))^-1//cut off freq
+mprintf('The atenuation constant is %f nepers/mile\nThe Cut-off Freq is %d KHz',alfa,fc*1e-3)
+
+// Note : There are some calculation errors in the solution presented in the book
diff --git a/1574/CH8/EX8.5/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_5.JPG b/1574/CH8/EX8.5/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_5.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..a01b7620c --- /dev/null +++ b/1574/CH8/EX8.5/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_5.JPG diff --git a/1574/CH8/EX8.5/TL_Ex_8_5.sce b/1574/CH8/EX8.5/TL_Ex_8_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5f66a438f --- /dev/null +++ b/1574/CH8/EX8.5/TL_Ex_8_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc
+//Chapter8
+//Example8.5, page no 317
+//Given
+a=0.7//attenuation constant
+b=0.3//phase constant
+Gamma=a+(%i*b)//propagation constant
+l=0.5// half length of line( for midpoint)
+Vs=10// Excitation voltage
+V_mod=Vs*(%e^(-a*l))//Magnitude of the Vs
+
+phi=b*l*180/%pi//phase shift
+V=V_mod*(%e^(-%i*(phi*%pi/180)))//voltage at the mid point
+mprintf('the voltage at the mid point of the line is \n%f /_-%fdegrees Volts',V,phi)
+
+// Note : There are some calculation errors in the solution presented in the book
diff --git a/1574/CH8/EX8.6/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_6.JPG b/1574/CH8/EX8.6/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_6.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..46c88e244 --- /dev/null +++ b/1574/CH8/EX8.6/Result_of_Chapter_8_Ex8_6.JPG diff --git a/1574/CH8/EX8.6/TL_Ex_8_6.sce b/1574/CH8/EX8.6/TL_Ex_8_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..47133d9fc --- /dev/null +++ b/1574/CH8/EX8.6/TL_Ex_8_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +clc
+//Chapter8
+//Example8.6, page no 317
+//GivenR=0.01
+R=0.01,l=1e3
+L=1e-6
+G=1e-6
+C=0.001e-6
+f=1.59e3// operating freq
+w=2*%pi*f// angular freq
+//a
+Zo=sqrt((R+(%i*w*L))*0.35/(G+(%i*w*C)))//characteristic impedance
+[Z0r,Z0i]=polar(Zo)
+//b
+
+Beta=sqrt(0.5*(sqrt((((R^2)+(round(w^2)*(L^2)))*(round(G^2)+(round(w^2)*(C^2)))))-(round(R*G)-((w^2)*L*C))))//Phase constant
+
+v=w/Beta//phase velocity
+
+//c
+Alpha=sqrt(0.5*(sqrt((((R^2)+((w^2)*(L^2)))*((G^2)+((w^2)*(C^2)))))+((R*G)-((w^2)*L*C))))//attenuation constant
+Vs=1//Assumed for easeof calculation
+A=(Vs-(Vs*exp(-Alpha*l)))*100
+mprintf('The characteristic impedance Zo= %f /_%f \n',Z0r,Z0i*180/%pi)
+mprintf('The Phase velocity is: v= %3.2e m/sec\n Percent decrease in the voltage is %f%c',v,A,'%')
+
+// Note : There are some calculation errors in the solution presented in the book
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