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+//example-18.3
+//page no- 537
+//given
+//conductivity of material
+sigma=0.018 // per ohm m
+//no of electrons
+n=10^19 //electrons/m^3
+//voltage
+V=0.16 //V
+//thickness of material
+t=0.29*10^-3 //m
+//mass and charge of electron
+m=9.1*10^-31 //kg
+e=1.602*10^-19 //C
+//electric feilf gradient
+kie=V/t //V/m
+//as we know that
+//sigma=n*e*vd/kie
+//so v
+vd=sigma*kie/n/e //m/s
+printf ("drift velocity of carriers is %f m/s",vd)