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+//chapter 21
+//example 21.3
+//page 678
+clear all;
+clc ;
+//given
+Rp=9.7;//kohm
+Rk=270;//ohm
+Eg=[-4 -3 -2 -1];
+Rl=47;//load resistance in kohm
+Epp=200;//VE
+//total dc load resistance
+R=Rp+Rk;
+Ip=-1000*Eg/Rk;
+
+plot(-Eg,Ip,'-.*')
+xtitle('bias line','Eg(V)','Ip(mA)')
+
+//plotting DC load line
+Ip1= floor(Epp/Rp);
+//plot dc load line with points A(Ip,Ep)=A(0,200) and B(Ip1,Ep)=B(Ip1,0)
+figure,plot([200 0],[0 Ip1],'*b--');
+xtitle('Dc load line','Ep(V)','Ip(mA)')
+
+//after intersection of dc load line and bias line at Q
+Eg=-2.4;Ip=8.8;
+Ep=112;//plate to cathode voltage
+printf("\nFor Q point,\nEg=%.1f V\nIp=%.1f mA\nEp=%dV",Eg,Ip,Ep);
+R=(Rp*Rl)/(Rp+Rl);
+deltaIp=10;
+deltaEp=-deltaIp*R;
+//ac load line with points 
+//point C(deltaEp,deltaIp)=(32,10)
+//point Q (112,8.8);
+plot([32 112],[10 8.8],'*r--');
+xtitle('dc(blue),ac(red) load line intersect at Q point','Ep(V)','Ip(mA)')
+
+
+
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