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-rw-r--r--1427/CH16/EX16.1/16_1.sce17
-rw-r--r--1427/CH16/EX16.10/16_10.sce12
-rw-r--r--1427/CH16/EX16.11/16_11.sce19
-rw-r--r--1427/CH16/EX16.12/16_12.sce12
-rw-r--r--1427/CH16/EX16.13/16_13.sce13
-rw-r--r--1427/CH16/EX16.14/16_14.sce9
-rw-r--r--1427/CH16/EX16.15/16_15.sce7
-rw-r--r--1427/CH16/EX16.16/16_16.sce7
-rw-r--r--1427/CH16/EX16.17/16_17.sce9
-rw-r--r--1427/CH16/EX16.18/16_18.sce11
-rw-r--r--1427/CH16/EX16.19/16_19.sce10
-rw-r--r--1427/CH16/EX16.2/16_2.sce10
-rw-r--r--1427/CH16/EX16.20/16_20.sce8
-rw-r--r--1427/CH16/EX16.21/16_21.sce14
-rw-r--r--1427/CH16/EX16.22/16_22.sce8
-rw-r--r--1427/CH16/EX16.25/16_25.sce7
-rw-r--r--1427/CH16/EX16.26/16_26.sce10
-rw-r--r--1427/CH16/EX16.3/16_3.sce10
-rw-r--r--1427/CH16/EX16.4/16_4.sce9
-rw-r--r--1427/CH16/EX16.5/16_5.sce10
-rw-r--r--1427/CH16/EX16.6/16_6.sce9
-rw-r--r--1427/CH16/EX16.7/16_7.sce14
-rw-r--r--1427/CH16/EX16.8/16_8.sce9
-rw-r--r--1427/CH16/EX16.9/16_9.sce15
24 files changed, 259 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/1427/CH16/EX16.1/16_1.sce b/1427/CH16/EX16.1/16_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..398822c99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH16/EX16.1/16_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//ques-16.1
+//Calculating rate constant of a reaction
+clc
+//t = Time in minutes
+//c = KMnO4 in mL
+t1=0; c1=37;
+t2=5; c2=29.8;
+t3=15; c3=19.6;
+t4=25; c4=12.3;
+t5=45; c5=5;
+a=c1;
+k2=(2.303/t2)*log10(a/c2);
+k3=(2.303/t3)*log10(a/c3);
+k4=(2.303/t4)*log10(a/c4);
+k5=(2.303/t5)*log10(a/c5);
+k=(k2+k3+k4+k5)/4;
+printf("The reaction is of First order with average value of rate constant being %.6f /min.",k);
diff --git a/1427/CH16/EX16.10/16_10.sce b/1427/CH16/EX16.10/16_10.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8fab6ef6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH16/EX16.10/16_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//ques-16.10
+//Calculating rate constant and half life and time required to complete 75 percent of reaction
+clc
+a=0.1;//initial concentration (in mol/L)
+x1=(20/100)*a;//mol/L
+t1=40;//time (in minutes)
+//2nd order reaction
+k=x1/(a*t1*(a-x1));//rate constant (in L/mol/min)
+t_h=1/(a*k);//half-life (in min)
+x2=(75/100)*a;//mol/L
+t2=x2/(a*k*(a-x2));//time required (in min)
+printf("The rate constant is %.4f L/mol/min, half-life is %.0f min and time required to complete 75 percent of reaction is %d min.",k,t_h,t2);
diff --git a/1427/CH16/EX16.11/16_11.sce b/1427/CH16/EX16.11/16_11.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..34d098aa6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH16/EX16.11/16_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//ques-16.11
+//Calculating amount of A and B left unreacted after 2 hours in two given conditions
+clc
+a=1;//say
+t1=1;//time (in hours)
+x1=(75/100)*a;
+
+//Part (i) - 1st order in A
+k=(2.303/t1)*log10(a/(a-x1));//rate constant (in /h)
+//k=(2.303/t)*log10(a/(a-x))
+t2=2;//(in h)
+x2=(15/16)*a;
+printf("(i) Amount of A and B left unreacted are %.2f and 100 percent respectively.\n",(a-x2)*100);
+
+//Part (ii) - 1st order in A and B
+k=x1/(a*t1*(a-x1));//rate constant (in L/mol/h)
+//k=x/(a*t*(a-x))
+x2=(6/7)*a;
+printf(" (ii) Amount of A and B left unreacted is %.3f percent.",(a-x2)*100);
diff --git a/1427/CH16/EX16.12/16_12.sce b/1427/CH16/EX16.12/16_12.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8bbbc2db4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH16/EX16.12/16_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//ques-16.12
+//Calculating order with respect to A and B and rate constant
+clc
+//A,B in mol/L
+A1=2.5*10^-4; B1=3*10^-5; k1=5*10^-4;
+A2=5*10^-4; B2=6*10^-5; k2=4*10^-3;
+A3=10^-3; B3=6*10^-5; k3=1.6*10^-2;
+//r=k*[A]^x*[B]^y
+x=log10(1/4)/log10(0.5);
+y=log10(1/2)/log10(1/2);
+k=k1/(A1^x*B1^y);
+printf("Order with respect to A is %d, B is %d and rate constant is %d L^2/mol^2/s.",x,y,k);
diff --git a/1427/CH16/EX16.13/16_13.sce b/1427/CH16/EX16.13/16_13.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ee9a02f8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH16/EX16.13/16_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//ques-16.13
+//To show that the reaction is of first order
+clc
+a=24.09+10.74;//(in degrees)
+//t in min; r in degrees
+t2=6.18; r2=21.4;
+t3=18; r3=17.7;
+t4=27.05; r4=15;
+r=10.74;
+k2=(2.303/t2)*log10(a/(r2+r));
+k3=(2.303/t3)*log10(a/(r3+r));
+k4=(2.303/t4)*log10(a/(r4+r));
+printf("As values of k are nearly same, so reaction is of first order.");
diff --git a/1427/CH16/EX16.14/16_14.sce b/1427/CH16/EX16.14/16_14.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f27fc3822
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH16/EX16.14/16_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//ques-16.14
+//Calculating energy of activation of the reaction
+clc
+T1=300; T2=350;//temperature (in K)
+t1=20; t2=5;//time (in min)
+//1st order reaction
+k1=0.6932/t1; k2=0.6932/t2//(in /min)
+Ea=(log10(k2/k1)*2.303*8.314*T1*T2)/(T2-T1);//energy of activation
+printf("Energy of activation of the reaction is %d J/mol.",Ea);
diff --git a/1427/CH16/EX16.15/16_15.sce b/1427/CH16/EX16.15/16_15.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bdb6ab637
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH16/EX16.15/16_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//ques-16.15
+//Calculating activation energy for the reaction
+clc
+k2=5.16*10^4; k1=3.76*10^3;
+T2=1125; T1=1085;//temperature (in K)
+Ea=(log10(k2/k1)*2.303*8.314*T1*T2)/(T2-T1);//activation energy
+printf("Activation energy for the reaction is %d J/mol.",Ea);
diff --git a/1427/CH16/EX16.16/16_16.sce b/1427/CH16/EX16.16/16_16.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d5f7658fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH16/EX16.16/16_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//ques-16.16
+//Calculating energy of activation of the reaction
+clc
+k1=7*10^-7; k2=9*10^-4;//rate constant
+T1=280; T2=330;//temperature (in K)
+Ea=(log10(k2/k1)*2.303*1.987*T1*T2)/(T2-T1);//energy of activation
+printf("Energy of activation of the reaction is %.3f kcal/K.",Ea/1000);
diff --git a/1427/CH16/EX16.17/16_17.sce b/1427/CH16/EX16.17/16_17.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2c8228e5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH16/EX16.17/16_17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//ques-16.17
+//Finding temperature at which half life becomes 10 minutes
+clc
+A=4*10^13;//arrhenius constant (in /s)
+Ea=98.6;//energy of activation (in kJ/mol)
+t=10;//half-life (in min)
+k=0.693/(t*60);//rate constant
+T=(Ea*1000)/(2.303*8.314*log10(A/k));//temperature
+printf("Temperature required is %.2f K.",T);
diff --git a/1427/CH16/EX16.18/16_18.sce b/1427/CH16/EX16.18/16_18.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d3d011151
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH16/EX16.18/16_18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//ques-16.18
+//Finding temperature at which k is 10000 per s
+clc
+k1=4.5*10^3;//rate constant (in /s)
+T1=1;//temperature (in degree celsius)
+Ea=58;//activation energy (in kJ/mol)
+k2=10^4;//new rate constant (in /s)
+//logk = logA - (Ea/(2.303*R*T))
+z=14.71;//logA
+T2=(Ea*1000)/(2.303*8.314*(z-log10(k2)));//temperature (in K)
+printf("Temperature required is %.0f K.",T2);
diff --git a/1427/CH16/EX16.19/16_19.sce b/1427/CH16/EX16.19/16_19.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7380209ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH16/EX16.19/16_19.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//ques-16.19
+//Finding temperature at which given half life is achieved
+clc
+T1=274;//temperature (in K)
+Ea=58;//activation energy (in kJ/mol)
+t2=6.93*10^-5;//half-life (in /s)
+k1=4.5*10^3; k2=0.693/t2;//rate constant
+//log10(k2/k1) = (Ea*1000*(T2-T1))/(2.303*8.314*T1*T2)
+T2=T1/0.9686;
+printf("Temperature required is %.1f K.",T2);
diff --git a/1427/CH16/EX16.2/16_2.sce b/1427/CH16/EX16.2/16_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7d90aea8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH16/EX16.2/16_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//ques-16.2
+//Calculating required concentration after 30 minutes
+clc
+//1st order reaction
+k=1.35*10^-4;//rate constant (in /s)
+t=30;//time (in minutes)
+a=0.03;//initial concentration (in mol/L)
+//k = (2.303/t)*log10(a/a-x)
+x=(a*0.274)/1.274;
+printf("The concentration required after %d minutes is %.5f mol/L.",t,a-x);
diff --git a/1427/CH16/EX16.20/16_20.sce b/1427/CH16/EX16.20/16_20.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d30bc4b4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH16/EX16.20/16_20.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//ques-16.20
+//Calculating activation energy and k at 670 K
+clc
+//logk = 14.34 - 1.25*10^4/T
+Ea=1.25*10^4*2.303*8.314;//activation energy
+T=670;//temperature (in K)
+k=4.8*10^-5;//rate constant (in /s)
+printf("Activation energy is %d kJ/mol and k at 670K is %.6f /s.",Ea/1000,k);
diff --git a/1427/CH16/EX16.21/16_21.sce b/1427/CH16/EX16.21/16_21.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2eff28f89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH16/EX16.21/16_21.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//ques-16.21
+//Determining percent decomposition in a 30 percent solution
+clc
+Ea=70;//activation energy (in kJ/mol)
+a=100;//say
+x1=(25/100)*a;
+t=20;//time (in min)
+k1=(2.303/t)*log10(a/(a-x));//rate constant (in /min)
+T1=298; T2=313;//temperature (in K)
+//log10(k2/k1) = (Ea*(T2-T1))/(2.303*R*T1*T2)
+k2=5.554*10^-2;//rate constant (in /min)
+//k2 = (2.303/t)*log10(a/(a-x2))
+x2=66.97;
+printf("Percent decomposition required is %.2f.",x2);
diff --git a/1427/CH16/EX16.22/16_22.sce b/1427/CH16/EX16.22/16_22.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..64eecd046
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH16/EX16.22/16_22.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//ques-16.22
+//Determining order of the reaction
+clc
+r1=0.76; r2=1.07;//rate of reaction (in torr/s)
+x1=5; x2=20;//percentage of decomposition
+a1=1-(x1/100); a2=1-(x2/100);
+n=log10(r2/r1)/log10(a1/a2);//order
+printf("The order of the reaction is %.0f.",n);
diff --git a/1427/CH16/EX16.25/16_25.sce b/1427/CH16/EX16.25/16_25.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..252018ac7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH16/EX16.25/16_25.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//ques-16.25
+//Calculating relaxation time and equilibrium constant
+clc
+ka=1.5*10^4; kb=3*10^5;//rate constants (in /s)
+R_T=1/(ka+kb);//relaxation time
+K=ka/kb;//equilibrium constant
+printf("Relaxation time is %.10f s and equilibrium constant is %.2f.",R_T,K);
diff --git a/1427/CH16/EX16.26/16_26.sce b/1427/CH16/EX16.26/16_26.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9356f1002
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH16/EX16.26/16_26.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//ques-16.26
+//Calculating values of rate constants
+clc
+K=0.1;//equilibrium constant
+R_T=10^-5;//relaxation time (in s)
+//R_T = 1/(ka+kb)
+//K=ka/kb
+ka=1/(11*10^-5);
+kb=10*ka;
+printf("The value of ka is %d /s and kb is %d /s.",ka,kb);
diff --git a/1427/CH16/EX16.3/16_3.sce b/1427/CH16/EX16.3/16_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2295c5cd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH16/EX16.3/16_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//ques-16.3
+//Finding initial concentration of the reactants
+clc
+//2nd order reaction
+t=60;//time (in minutes)
+k=5.2*10^-3;//rate constant (in L/mol/minute)
+//k = x/(t*a*(a-x))
+//where, x = a/2
+a=1/(t*k);
+printf("Initial concentration of reactants is %.1f mol/L.",a);
diff --git a/1427/CH16/EX16.4/16_4.sce b/1427/CH16/EX16.4/16_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bde0ca8df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH16/EX16.4/16_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//ques-16.4
+//Determining rate law and order with respect to A and B
+clc
+//R=k*[A]^x*[B]^y
+//2R=k*[A]^x*[2*B]^y
+//8*R=k*[2*A]^x*[2*B]^y
+x=log10(4)/log10(2);
+y=log10(2)/log10(2);
+printf("Order with respect to A is %d and B is %d and rate law is k*[A]^2*[B].",x,y);
diff --git a/1427/CH16/EX16.5/16_5.sce b/1427/CH16/EX16.5/16_5.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..48300f050
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH16/EX16.5/16_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//ques-16.5
+//To show a relation at two different times
+clc
+//1st order reaction
+t1=0.693/k;//time for half reaction
+a=1;
+x=0.999;
+t2=(2.303/k)*log10(a/(a-x));//time for 99.9% of reaction
+z=t2/t1;
+printf("Time required for 99.9 percent of reaction to take place is about %.0f times that is required for half the reaction.",z);
diff --git a/1427/CH16/EX16.6/16_6.sce b/1427/CH16/EX16.6/16_6.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7e08302bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH16/EX16.6/16_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//ques-16.6
+//Calculating order of a reaction
+clc
+t1=50;//half-life initially(in minutes)
+t2=25;//new half-life (in minutes)
+//a2=a1/2
+//t1/t2=(a2/a1)^n-1
+n=0;
+printf("Reaction is of %d order.",n);
diff --git a/1427/CH16/EX16.7/16_7.sce b/1427/CH16/EX16.7/16_7.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8ff3b557b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH16/EX16.7/16_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//ques-16.7
+//Calculating time required
+clc
+t1=50;//initial half-life (in s)
+t2=25;//new half-life (in s)
+a2=1;//concentration (in mol/L)
+a1=0.5;//concentration (in mol/L)
+n=1+(log10(t1/t2)/log10(a2/a1));
+//n=2; 2nd order reaction
+k=1/(t1*a1);
+p=20;//percentage reduction
+x=a1*(1-(p/100));//concentration left after reduction (in mol/L)
+t=x/(a1*k*(a1-x));
+printf("Time required is %d s.",t);
diff --git a/1427/CH16/EX16.8/16_8.sce b/1427/CH16/EX16.8/16_8.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..76e1d9ffc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH16/EX16.8/16_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//ques-16.8
+//Calculating time required for 80 percent completion of a reaction
+clc
+a=1;//concentration (in mol/L)
+x1=0.2;//percentage dissociation
+x2=0.8;//percentage dissociation
+t1=500;//time (in s)
+t2=(x2/(a*(a-x2)))*((a*t1*(a-x1))/x1);
+printf("Time required is %d s.",t2);
diff --git a/1427/CH16/EX16.9/16_9.sce b/1427/CH16/EX16.9/16_9.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..03e9c918a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH16/EX16.9/16_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//ques-16.9
+//Finding order of reaction and velocity constant
+clc
+//t=time in minutes; y=volume of HCl (in mL)
+a=61.95;//initial volume (in mL)
+t2=4.89; y2=50.59;
+t3=10.37; y3=42.40;
+t4=28.18; y4=29.35;
+k2=(a-y2)/(a*t2*y2);//(in /conc/min)
+k3=(a-y3)/(a*t3*y3);//(in /conc/min)
+k4=(a-y4)/(a*t4*y4);//(in /conc/min)
+//As values of k are identical
+//2nd order reaction
+k=(k2+k3+k4)/3;//velocity constant (in /conc/min)
+printf("The reaction is of 2nd order with velocity constant being %.6f /conc/min.",k);
generated by cgit (git 2.34.1) at 2024-12-19 12:36:50 +0000