diff options
Diffstat (limited to '1418/CH27')
48 files changed, 627 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.1/EX27_1.jpg b/1418/CH27/EX27.1/EX27_1.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..83faa49fa --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.1/EX27_1.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.1/EX27_1.sce b/1418/CH27/EX27.1/EX27_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..518744193 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.1/EX27_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//EXAMPLE 27.1
+//4-POLE GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+P=4;......//Total number of poles
+Z=722;.....//Total number of conductors
+Ia=100;...//Armature current in Amperes
+b=8;......//Brush lead in degrees
+Aw=2;...//Number of parallel paths in a wave wound generator
+
+I=Ia/Aw;..........//Current per path in Amperes
+ATdpole=Z*I*b/360;....//Armature demagnetising ampere turns per pole
+y=round(ATdpole);........//Rounding of decimal places
+ATepole=Z*I*((1/(2*P))-(b/360));........//Cross magnetising ampere turns per pole
+y1=round(ATepole);.............//Rounding of decimal places
+disp(y,"Armature demagnetising ampere turns per pole:");
+disp(y1,"Cross magnetising ampere turns per pole:");
diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.10/EX27_10.jpg b/1418/CH27/EX27.10/EX27_10.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..e61d6fb5d --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.10/EX27_10.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.10/EX27_10.sce b/1418/CH27/EX27.10/EX27_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..11418721e --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.10/EX27_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//EXAMPLE 27.10
+//DC MACHINE
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+P=4;.......//Total number of poles
+N=1500;.......//Speed in rpm
+Cd=30;.........//Commutator distance in Centi Meter
+Ia=150;......//Armature current in Amperes
+Wb=1.25;.......//Thickness of brush in Centi Meter
+L=0.07;.......//Self inductance of each armature coil in Mili Henry
+Aw=2;........//Number of parallel paths in a wave wound generator
+
+I=Ia/Aw;............//Current per conductor in Amperes
+v=3.14*Cd*(N/60);........//Peripheral velocity in cm/s
+Tc=Wb/v;.............//Time for each commutation in Seconds
+E=L*2*I*10^-3/Tc;...........//EMF induced in each coil dring commutation in Volts
+r=round(E*10)/10;........//Rounding of decimal places
+disp(r,"EMF induced in each coil dring commutation in Volts:");
diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.11/EX27_11.jpg b/1418/CH27/EX27.11/EX27_11.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..b7bce42c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.11/EX27_11.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.11/EX27_11.sce b/1418/CH27/EX27.11/EX27_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4ba465ba6 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.11/EX27_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//EXAMPLE 27.11
+//DC MACHINE
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+Cs=55;.........//Total number of commutator segments
+rpm=900;........//Total number of revolutions per minute
+Wb=1.74;.........//Brush width in commutator segments
+L=153*10^-6;..........//Coefficient of self-induction in Henry
+I=27;.............//Current per coil in Amperes
+
+v=Cs*(rpm/60);.......//Peripheral velocity in segments/sec
+Tc=Wb/v;...........//ime for each commutation in seconds
+r1=round(Tc*100000)/100000;.......//Rounding of decimal places
+E=L*2*I/r1;..........//Reactance voltage in Volts
+r=round(E*1000)/1000;.....//Rounding of decimal places
+disp(r,"Reactance voltage in Volts:");
diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.12/EX27_12.jpg b/1418/CH27/EX27.12/EX27_12.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..06078e1eb --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.12/EX27_12.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.12/EX27_12.sce b/1418/CH27/EX27.12/EX27_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d10d7ae52 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.12/EX27_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//EXAMPLE 27.12
+//ARMATURE
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+P=4;.....//Total number of poles
+N=1500;...//Speed in rpm
+Ia=150;.........//Current in Amperes
+Cs=64;.........//Total number of commutator segments
+Wb=1.2;.......//Brush span in segments
+L=0.05;........//Inductance of each armature in Mili Henry
+Al=P;.........//Total nmber of parallel paths for a lap wound generator
+
+I=Ia/Al;.......//Current per coil in Ampere
+
+v=Cs*(N/60);.......//Peripheral velocity in segments/sec
+Tc=Wb/v;...........//Time for each commutation in seconds
+El=L*10^-3*2*I/Tc;..........//Reactance voltage for linear commutation in Volts
+disp(El,"Reactance voltage for linear commutation in Volts:");
+
+Es=1.11*El;...............//Reactance voltage for sinusoidal commutation in Volts
+disp(Es,"Reactance voltage for sinusoidal commutation in Volts:");
diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.13/EX27_13.jpg b/1418/CH27/EX27.13/EX27_13.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..c52f9a96c --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.13/EX27_13.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.13/EX27_13.sce b/1418/CH27/EX27.13/EX27_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e1b0a9ded --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.13/EX27_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//EXAMPLE 27.13
+//6-POLE MACHINE
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+P=6;.....//Total number of poles
+Bg=0.5;.......//Flux density in the air-gap of the commutating pole in Wb/metre^2
+Lg=4;........//Length of the air-gap in Mili Meter
+Ia=500;....//Full load current in Amperes
+Al=P;......//Total number of parallel paths in a lap wound generator
+Z=540;......//Total number of conductors
+
+I=Ia/Al;...//Current per conductor in Amperes
+Ic=Ia/P;......//Coil current in Amperes
+ammf=Z*Ic/(2*P);.....//Armature mmf
+agmmf=Bg*Lg*10^-3/(4*3.14*10^-7);.....//Compole air-gap mmf
+mcmmf=(10/100)*f;.......//mmf required for the rest of the magnetic circuit
+r=round(mcmmf);...//Rounding of decimal places
+agmmfT=agmmf+r;.........//Total compole air-gap mmf
+mmfT=ammf+agmmf;.........//Total required mmf
+
+T=mmfT/Ia;.......//Total number of turns on each commutating pole
+r1=round(T);......//Rounding of decimal places
+disp(r1,"Total number of turns on each commutating pole:");
diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.14/EX27_14.jpg b/1418/CH27/EX27.14/EX27_14.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..cbf63af4e --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.14/EX27_14.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.14/EX27_14.sce b/1418/CH27/EX27.14/EX27_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..48eab8fbe --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.14/EX27_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//EXAMPLE 27.14
+//DC MACHINE
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+P1o=100;....//Output power of first generator in Kilo Watts
+V1=250;.....//Terminal voltage of first generator in Volts
+P2o=300;.....//Output power in second generator in Kilo Watts
+V2=250;...//Terminal voltage of second generator in Volts
+I1=200;..........//Current supplied by first generator in Amperes
+I2=500;.......//Current supplied by second generator in Amperes
+Ial=600;....//Additional load in Amperes
+
+dI1=(P1o*Ial/(P1o+P2o));......//Current spplied to first generator in Amperes
+dI2=(P2o*Ial/(P1o+P2o));......//Current supplied to second generator in Amperes
+
+disp(dI1,"Current spplied to first generator in Amperes:");
+disp(dI2,"Current supplied to second generator in Amperes:");
diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.15/EX27_15.jpg b/1418/CH27/EX27.15/EX27_15.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..127b13a8b --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.15/EX27_15.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.15/EX27_15.sce b/1418/CH27/EX27.15/EX27_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2af02d656 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.15/EX27_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +//EXAMPLE 27.15
+//DC MACHINE
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+V1n=270;......//Terminal voltage of first generator on no-load in Volts
+V1l=220;....//Terminal voltage of first generator on load in Volts
+I1=35;.......//Load current of first current in Amperes
+V2n=280;...//Terminal voltage of second generator on no-load in Volts
+V2l=220;.....//Terminal voltage of second generator on load in Volts
+I2=50;......//Load current of second generator in Amperes
+Itl=60;.......//Total load in Amperes
+
+//GENERATOR 1
+VI1=V1n-V1l;......//Voltage drop for 35 A in Volts
+Vda1=VI1/I1;......//Voltage drop per ampere
+
+//GENERATOR 2
+Vda2=(V2n-V2l)/I2;.....//Voltage drop per ampere
+
+//Solving for current output of both the generators in Amperes
+A=[-5 4.2;1 1];
+B=[35;60];
+ans=A\B;
+r1=round(ans(1)*10)/10;......//Current output of first generator in Amperes
+r2=round(ans(2)*10)/10;.....//Current output of second generator in Amperes
+
+disp(r1,"Current output of first generator in Amperes:");
+disp(r2,"Current output of second generator in Amperes:");
+
+V=V2n-(Vda2)*r2;.......//Bus bar voltage in Volts
+r3=round(V*10)/10;......//Rounding of decimal places
+disp(r3,"Bus bar voltage in Volts:");
+
+Po1=r3*r1/1000;.....//Output of first generator in Kilo Watts
+Po2=r3*r2/1000;......//Output of second generator in Kilo Watts
+
+r4=round(Po1*1000)/1000;...//Rounding of decimal places
+r5=round(Po2*1000)/1000;..//Rounding of decimal places
+
+disp(r4,"Output of first generator in Kilo Watts:");
+disp(r5,"Output of second generator in Kilo Watts:");
+
+
diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.16/EX27_16.jpg b/1418/CH27/EX27.16/EX27_16.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..4f3c42751 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.16/EX27_16.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.16/EX27_16.sce b/1418/CH27/EX27.16/EX27_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a013eae9b --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.16/EX27_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//EXAMPLE 27.16
+//SHUNT GENERATORS
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+Ra=0.01;......//Armature resistance in Ohms
+Rf=20;..........//Shunt field resistance in Ohms
+I=4000;..........//Total load in Amperes
+
+E1=210;......//EMF of first generator in Volts
+E2=220;......//EMF of second generator in Volts
+
+//Solving for current output of both the generators in Amperes
+A=[1 -1;1 1];
+B=[1000;4000];
+a=A\B;
+disp(a(1),"Output current of first generator in Amperes:");
+disp(a(2),"Output current of second generator in Amperes:");
+
+V=(E1-(a(1)*Ra))/(1+(Ra/Rf));.....//Bus bar voltage in Volts
+r=round(V*10)/10;....//Rounding of decimal places
+disp(r,"Bus bar voltage in Volts:");
+
+Po1=r*a(1)/1000;.....//Output of first generator in Kilo Watts
+Po2=r*a(2)/1000;.....//Output of second generator in Kilo Watts
+disp(Po1,"Output of first generator in Kilo Watts:");
+disp(Po2,"Output of second generator in Kilo Watts:");
diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.17/EX27_17.jpg b/1418/CH27/EX27.17/EX27_17.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..d72561c22 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.17/EX27_17.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.17/EX27_17.sce b/1418/CH27/EX27.17/EX27_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0d4c2af64 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.17/EX27_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//EXAMPLE 27.17
+//SHUNT GENERATORS
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+I=250;.......//Total current in Amperes
+r1=50;.......//Rating of first generator in Kilo Watts
+r2=100;......//Rating of second generator in Kilo Watts
+V=500;....//Voltage of generators in Volts
+vr1=6;.....//Voltage regulation of first generator in Percentage
+vr2=4;.....//Voltage regulation of first generator in Percentage
+
+FLvd1=V*(vr1/100);......//Full load voltage drop of first generator in Volts
+FLI1=r1*1000/V;........//Full load current in Amperes
+da1=FLvd1/FLI1;..........//Drop per ampere in volt per ampere
+
+FLvd2=V*(vr2/100);......//Full load voltage drop of second generator in Volts
+FLI2=r2*1000/V;........//Full load current in Amperes
+da2=FLvd2/FLI2;..........//Drop per ampere in volt per ampere
+
+//Solving for current output of both the generators in Amperes
+A=[3 -1;1 1];
+B=[0;250];
+a=A\B;
+disp(a(1),"Output current of first generator in Amperes:");
+disp(a(2),"Output current of second generator in Amperes:");
+
+Vt=V-(da1*a(1));......//Terminal voltage in Volts
+disp(Vt,"Terminal voltage in Volts:");
diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.19/EX27_19.jpg b/1418/CH27/EX27.19/EX27_19.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..1ead6c387 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.19/EX27_19.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.19/EX27_19.sce b/1418/CH27/EX27.19/EX27_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8e53e072e --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.19/EX27_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//EXAMPLE 27.19
+//SHUNT GENERATORS
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+Van1=240;.........//Voltage of generator A at no load in Volts
+Va200=220;.............//Voltage of generator A at 200 A in Volts
+I1=200;.............//Current for first generator in Amperes
+Van2=245;.........//Voltage of generator B at no load in Volts
+Va220=220;.............//Voltage of generator B at 150 A in Volts
+I2=150;.......//Current for second generator in Amperes
+
+//Solving for current output of both the generators in Amperes
+A=[1,1;-((Van1-Va200)/I1),((Van2-Va220)/I2)];
+B=[300;(Van2-Van1)];
+y=A\B;
+disp(y(1),"Output current of first generator in Amperes:");
+disp(y(2),"Output current of second generator in Amperes:");
+
+Vbus=Van1-((Van1-Va200)/I1*y(1));....//Bus bar voltage in Volts
+disp(Vbus,"Bus bar voltage in Volts:");
diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.2/EX27_2.jpg b/1418/CH27/EX27.2/EX27_2.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..4666fffca --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.2/EX27_2.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.2/EX27_2.sce b/1418/CH27/EX27.2/EX27_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2bf8e47d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.2/EX27_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//EXAMPLE 27.2
+//8-POLE GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+P=8;......//Total number of poles
+Z=722;.....//Total number of conductors
+V=500;.......//Termiinal voltage in Volts
+Ia=200;........//Armature current in Amperes
+Z=1280;......//Total number of conductors
+as=160;........//Total number of armature segments
+ba=4;..........//Advancement in brushes from no-load neutral axis
+Al=P;...........//Number of parallel paths in a
+
+I=Ia/P;.....//Current per path in Amperes
+b=ba*360/as;......//Brush lead in degrees
+
+
+ATdpole=Z*I*b/360;.....//Armatuue demagnetizing ampere-turns per pole
+disp(ATdpole,"Armatuue demagnetizing ampere-turns per pole:");
+ATepole=Z*I*((1/(2*P))-(b/360));.......//Armature cross-magnetizing ampere-turns per pole
+disp(ATepole,"Armature cross-magnetizing ampere-turns per pole:");
+
+
diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.20/EX27_20.jpg b/1418/CH27/EX27.20/EX27_20.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..45f32d9a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.20/EX27_20.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.20/EX27_20.sce b/1418/CH27/EX27.20/EX27_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4dc5dce28 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.20/EX27_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +//EXAMPLE 27.20
+//DC SHUNT GENERATORS
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+Ra=0.1;.....//Armature resistance of each generator in Ohms
+L=250;......//Total load of each generator in Kilo Watts
+Vt=500;.....//Terminal voltage in Volts
+fp=4;.......//Raise in field current in Amperes
+Le=L/5;......//Load for each generator in Kilo Watts
+Io=Le*1000/V;.......//Output current of each generator in Amperes
+ad=Ra*Io;.....//Armature drop in Volts
+emf=V+ad;........//Induced emf in Volts
+iemf=emf+((fp/100)*emf);......//Increse in generated emf in Volts
+
+//Solving for current output of both the generators in Amperes
+A=[1,-1;1,4.1];
+B=[204;510];
+y=A\B;
+disp(y(1),"Output current of first generator in Amperes:");
+disp(y(2),"Output current of second generator in Amperes:");
+
+Vbus=510-Ra*y(2);........//Bus voltage in Volts
+disp(Vbus,"Bus voltage in Volts:");
+
+Po1=Vbus*y(2)/1000;.......//Output of first machinein Kilo Watts
+Po=Vbus*y(1)/1000;.........//Output of each of other four generators in Kilo Watts
+r=round(Po);.......//Rounding of decimal places
+disp(Po1,"Output of first machinein Kilo Watts:");
+disp(r,"Output of each of other four generators in Kilo Watts:");
diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.21/EX27_21.jpg b/1418/CH27/EX27.21/EX27_21.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..3899fd3b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.21/EX27_21.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.21/EX27_21.sce b/1418/CH27/EX27.21/EX27_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..220f7cd06 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.21/EX27_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +//EXAMPLE 27.21
+//DC GENERATORS
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+I=1500;.........//Total load in Amperes
+Ra1=0.5;.........//Armature resistance of first generator in Ohms
+emf1=400;.......//EMF of first generator in Volts
+Ra2=0.04;.......//Armature resistance of second generator in Ohms
+emf2=440;.....//EMF of second generator in Ohms
+Rf1=100;........//Shunt field resistance of first generator in Ohms
+Rf2=80;..........//Shunt field resistance of second generator in Ohms
+
+V=((Ra1*(emf2-(I*Ra2)))+(Ra2*emf1))/((Ra1*(1+(Ra2/Rf2)))+(Ra2*(1+(Ra1/Rf1))));......//Terminal voltage in Volts
+r=round(V*10)/10;......//Rounding of decimal places
+disp(r,"Terminal voltage in Volts:");
+
+I1=(emf1-((1+(Ra1/Rf1))*r))/Ra1;.......//Output current of first generator in Amperes
+r1=round(I1*10)/10;....//Rounding of decimal places
+I2=I-r1;............//Output current of second generator in Amperes
+
+disp(r1,"Output current of first generator in Amperes:");
+disp(I2,"Output current of second generator in Amperes:");
+
+Po1=r*r1/1000;........//Output of first generator in Kilo Watts
+r2=round(Po1*100)/100;.......//Rounding of decimal places
+Po2=r*I2/1000;..........//Output of first generator in Kilo Watts
+r3=round(Po2*10)/10;......//Rounding of decimal places
+
+disp(r2,"Output of first generator in Kilo Watts:");
+disp(r3,"Output of first generator in Kilo Watts:");
diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.22/EX27_22.jpg b/1418/CH27/EX27.22/EX27_22.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..3f194ec22 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.22/EX27_22.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.22/EX27_22.sce b/1418/CH27/EX27.22/EX27_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d1d285f86 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.22/EX27_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//EXAMPLE 27.22
+//SHUNT GENERATORS
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+ocV1=250;....//Open circuit voltage of first generator in Volts
+Ra1=0.24;......//Armature resistance of first generator in Volts in Ohms
+Rf1=100;........//Field resistance of first generator in Ohms
+ocV2=248;......//Open circuit voltage of second generator in Volts
+Ra2=0.12;......//Armature resistance of second generator in Volts in Ohms
+Rf2=100;......//Field resistance of second generator in Ohms
+lb=40;.....//Load on bus bars in Amperes
+Ri=0.172;.....//Internal resistance in Ohms
+
+V=ocV2-(ocV1-ocV2);.......//Terminal voltage in Volts
+I=((ocV1-ocV2)/(Ra1-Ra2))-(V/Rf1);......//Current in Amperes
+r=round(I*10)/10;......//Rounding of decimal places
+Ib=lb-(2*r);.......//Battery current in Amperes
+Vib=Ib*Ri;.........//Internal voltage drop in a battery in Volts
+emf=V+Vib;......//emf of the battery in Volts
+r1=round(emf);
+disp(r1,"emf of the battery in Volts:");
+
+
diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.23/EX27_23.jpg b/1418/CH27/EX27.23/EX27_23.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..527cf1799 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.23/EX27_23.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.23/EX27_23.sce b/1418/CH27/EX27.23/EX27_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..776b6224e --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.23/EX27_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +//EXAMPLE 27.23
+//DC GENERATORS
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+emfA=400;....//emf of generator A in Volts
+RiA=0.25;.....//Internal resistance of generator A in Ohms
+emfB=410;.....//emf of generator B in Volts
+RiB=0.4;.......//internal resistance of generator B in Ohms
+lV=390;........//Load voltage in Volts
+
+Al=(emfA-lV)/RiA;.....//Load supplied by generator A in Amperes
+Bl=(emfB-lV)/RiB;.....//Load suppliedby generator B in Amperes
+disp(Al,"Load supplied by generator A in Amperes:");
+disp(Bl,"Load suppliedby generator B in Amperes:");
+PoA=Al*lV/1000;.....//Power output from A in Kilo Watts
+PoB=Bl*lV/1000;......//Power output from B in Kilo Watts
+disp(PoA,"Power output from A in Kilo Watts:");
+disp(PoB,"Power output from B in Kilo Watts:");
+
+//If the load is open circuited
+Vnet=emfB-emfA;.....//Net voltage in the circuit in Volts
+Rt=RiA+RiB;........//Total resistance in Ohms
+Cc=Vnet/Rt;........//Circulatory current in Amperes
+c=round(Cc*10)/10;.....//Rounding of dcimal places
+Vt=emfA+(Cc*RiA);.....//Terminal voltage in Volts
+r=round(Vt*10)/10;....//Rounding of decimal places
+disp(r,"Terminal voltage if the load is O.C in Volts:");
+Pab=r*c;.....//Power taken by A from B in Watts
+r1=round(Pab);......//Rounding of dcimal places
+disp(r1,"Power taken by A from B in Watts:");
+mo=emfA*c/1000;........//Mechanical output in Kilo Watts
+disp(mo,"Mechanical output in Kilo Watts:");
+Acu=mo*c;.........//Armature copper loss in Watts
+r2=round(Acu);...//Rounding of decimal places
+disp(r2,"Armature copper loss in Watts:");
+
diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.24/EX27_24.jpg b/1418/CH27/EX27.24/EX27_24.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..41cab4834 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.24/EX27_24.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.24/EX27_24.sce b/1418/CH27/EX27.24/EX27_24.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9eccb5cff --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.24/EX27_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//EXAMPLE 27.24
+//DC COMPOUND GENERATORS
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+Lt=500;.....//Total load current in Amperes
+RaA=0.01;.......//Armature resistance of generator A in Ohms
+RseA=0.004;......//Series field resistance of generator A in Ohms
+emfA=240;.....//emf of generator A in Volts
+RaB=0.02;.......//Armature resistance of generator B in Ohms
+RseB=0.006;......//Series field resistance of generator B in Ohms
+emfB=244;.....//emf of generator B in Volts
+
+v=((RaB*100*emfA)+(RaA*100*emfB)-(Lt*RaA*RaB*100*100/100))/((RaA+RaB)*100);.....//Voltage between equalizer bus bar and the negative in Volts
+i1=(emfA-v)/RaA;.........//Armature current of first generator in Amperes
+i2=(emfB-v)/RaB;..........//Armature current of second gnerator in Amperes
+disp(i1,"(a).Armature current of first generator in Amperes:");
+disp(i2,"Armature current of second gnerator in Amperes:");
+
+iseA=3/5*Lt;.......//Current in the series winding of generator A in Amperes
+iseB=2/5*Lt;........//Current in the sries windings of generator B in Amperes
+disp(iseA,"(b).Current in the series winding of generator A in Amperes:");
+disp(iseB,"Current in the sries windings of generator B in Amperes:");
+
+Ieb=iseA-iseB;.......//Current flowing through the equalizing bar in Amperes
+disp(Ieb,"(c).Current flowing through the equalizing bar in Amperes:");
+
+V=v-(iseA*RseA);......//bus bar voltage in Volts
+disp(V,"(d).bus bar voltage in Volts:");
diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.3.a/EX27_3a.jpg b/1418/CH27/EX27.3.a/EX27_3a.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..2016f22e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.3.a/EX27_3a.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.3.a/EX27_3a.sce b/1418/CH27/EX27.3.a/EX27_3a.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2c0d991a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.3.a/EX27_3a.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//EXAMPLE 27.3(a)
+//4-POLE MOTOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+P=4;...........//Total number of poles
+Z=880;.........//Total number of conductors
+Ia=120;.......//Armature current in Amperes
+b=3;..........//Brush lead in degrees
+Aw=2;.......//Number of parallel paths for a wave wound generator
+fdw=1100;......//Demagnetizing the field winding has 1100 turns per pole
+
+I=Ia/Aw;......//Current per path in Amperes
+ATd=Z*I*b/360;.......//Demagnetizing ampere-turns per pole
+ATe=Z*I*((1/(2*P))-(b/360));.....//Cross-magnetizinfampere-turns per pole
+disp(ATd,"(a).Demagnetizing ampere-turns per pole:");
+disp(ATe,"(b).Cross-magnetizinfampere-turns per pole:");
+Afc=ATd/fdw;........//Additional field current in Amperes
+disp(Afc,"(c).Additional field current in Amperes:");
diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.3.b/EX27_3b.jpg b/1418/CH27/EX27.3.b/EX27_3b.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..d7251fa13 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.3.b/EX27_3b.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.3.b/EX27_3b.sce b/1418/CH27/EX27.3.b/EX27_3b.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..900a51101 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.3.b/EX27_3b.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//EXAMPLE 27.3(b)
+//4-POLE GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+P=4;...........//Total number of poles
+Z=480;..........//Total number of conductors
+Ia=150;...........//Armature current in Amperes
+b=10;...........//Actual brush lead in degrees
+Al=P;............//Number of parallel paths in a lap wound generator
+
+I=Ia/Al;.....//Current per path in Amperess
+ATd=Z*I*b/360;.......//Demagnetizing ampere-turns per pole
+ATe=Z*I*((1/(2*P))-(b/360));.....//Cross-magnetizinfampere-turns per pole
+disp(ATd,"Demagnetizing ampere-turns per pole:");
+disp(ATe,"Cross-magnetizing ampere-turns per pole:");
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.4/EX27_4.jpg b/1418/CH27/EX27.4/EX27_4.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..8707048dc --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.4/EX27_4.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.4/EX27_4.sce b/1418/CH27/EX27.4/EX27_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6c8131192 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.4/EX27_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//EXAMPLE 27.4
+//4-POLE GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+P=4;...........//Total number of poles
+Z=492;..........//Total number of conductors
+Ia=143+10;...........//Armature current in Amperes(Current supplied + Shunt field current)
+b=10;...........//Actual brush lead in degrees
+Al=P;............//Number of parallel paths in a lap wound generator
+Aw=2;...........//Number of parallel paths in a wave wound generator
+
+I1=Ia/Al;.....//Current per path for lap wound in Amperes
+I2 =Ia/Aw;.....//Current per path for wave wound in Amperes
+ATd1=Z*I1*b/360;.......//Demagnetizing ampere-turns per pole for lap wound
+y=round(ATd1);.....//Rounding of decimal places
+sft1=y/b;........//Extra shunt field turns for lap wound
+r=round(sft1);......//Rounding of decimal places
+ATd2=Z*I2*b/360;.....//Cross-magnetizinfampere-turns per pole for wave wound
+y1=round(ATd2);......//Rounding of decimal places
+sft2=y1/b;..........//Extra shunt field turns for wave wound
+r1=round(sft2);.......//Rounding of decimal places
+
+disp(y,"Demagnetizing ampere-turns per pole for lap wound:");
+disp(r,"Extra shunt field turns for lap wound:");
+
+disp(y1,"Demagnetizing ampere-turns per pole for wave wound:");
+disp(r1,"Extra shunt field turns for wave wound:");
diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.5/EX27_5.jpg b/1418/CH27/EX27.5/EX27_5.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..595877b66 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.5/EX27_5.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.5/EX27_5.sce b/1418/CH27/EX27.5/EX27_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ac0dbc8c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.5/EX27_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//EXAMPLE 27.5
+//4-POLE SHUNT GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+P=4;...........//Total number of poles
+Po=50;...........//Output power in Kilo Watts
+V=250;...........//Terminal vltage in Volts
+Z=400;.............//Total number of condctors
+bs=4;............//brush lead in commutator segments
+Rsh=50;...........//Shunt field resistance in Ohms
+Aw=2;.............//Number of parallel paths in a wave wound generator
+
+I=(Po*1000)/V;........//Current per path in Amperes
+Ish=V/Rsh;.............//Shunt field current in Amperes
+Ia=I+Ish;..................//Armature current in Amperes
+Ic=Ia/Aw;...................//Current in each conductor in Amperes
+ns=Z/Aw;...............//Total number of segments
+b=P*360/ns;............//Brush lead in degrees
+ATdpole=Z*(Ia/Aw)*(b/360);........//Demagnetization ampere-turns per pole
+stp=ATdpole/Ish;.........//Extra shunt turns/poles
+
+disp(ATdpole,"Demagnetization ampere-turns per pole:");
+disp(stp,"Extra shunt turns/poles:");
diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.6/EX27_6.jpg b/1418/CH27/EX27.6/EX27_6.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..259ca95d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.6/EX27_6.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.6/EX27_6.sce b/1418/CH27/EX27.6/EX27_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..812c7615e --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.6/EX27_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//EXAMPLE 27.6
+//DC GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+Z=500;......//Total number of conductors
+Ia=200;......//Total current in Amperes
+P=6;.........//Total number of poles
+b=10;........//Angle of lead in degrees
+y=1.3;...........//Leakage coefficient
+Aw=2;...........//Number of parallel paths for wave wound generator
+
+I=Ia/Aw;.....//Current per path in Amperes
+ATepole=Z*I*((1/(2*P))-(b/360));...........//Cross magnetizing ampere-turns per pole
+r=round(ATepole);.....//Rounding of decimal places
+disp(r,"(a).Cross magnetizing ampere-turns per pole:");
+ATdpole=Z*I*b/360;........//Demagnetizing ampere-turns per pole
+r1=round(ATdpole);.......//Rounding of decimal places
+disp(r1,"(b).Demagnetizing ampere-turns per pole:");
+S=y*r1/Ia;.......//Series turns required to balance the demagnetizing ampere-turns
+r2=round(S);....//Rounding of decimal places
+disp(r2,"Series turns required to balance the demagnetizing ampere-turns:");
diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.7/EX27_7.jpg b/1418/CH27/EX27.7/EX27_7.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..807a27153 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.7/EX27_7.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.7/EX27_7.sce b/1418/CH27/EX27.7/EX27_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e3dcf881b --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.7/EX27_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//EXAMPLE 27.7
+//DC SHUNT MOTOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialization
+Mo=22.38;.....//Output power in Kilo Watts
+V=440;..........//Terminal voltage in Volts
+P=4;........//Total number of poles
+Z=840;..........//Total number of conductors
+cs=140;.........//Total number of commutator segments
+eff=88;.......//Full load efficiency in Percentage
+Ish=1.8;.........//Shunt field current in Amperes
+bb=1.5;........//Number of segments through which brushes are shifted backwards from the geometrical neutral axis
+Aw=2;.........//Number of parallel paths in a
+Min=Mo*1000/(88/100);......//Input power in Watts
+Iic=Min/V;.........//Motor input current in Amperes
+r=round(Iic*10)/10;........//Rounding of decimal places
+Ia=r-Ish;.......//Armature current in Amperes
+I=Ia/Aw;......//Current in each conductor in Amperes
+b=bb*360/cs;......//Brush lead in degrees
+ATdpole=Z*I*b/360;.....//Demagnetizing ampere-turns per pole
+ATcpole=Z*I*((1/(2*P))-(b/360));......//Disorting ampere-turns per pole
+
+disp(ATdpole,"Demagnetizing ampere-turns per pole:");
+disp(ATcpole,"Disorting ampere-turns per pole:");
diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.8/EX27_8.jpg b/1418/CH27/EX27.8/EX27_8.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..1e8e7a064 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.8/EX27_8.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.8/EX27_8.sce b/1418/CH27/EX27.8/EX27_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5b61dadcd --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.8/EX27_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//EXAMPLE 27.8
+//DC MACHINE
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialization
+V=400;.....//Terminal voltage in Volts
+Ia=1000;....//Armature current in Amperes
+P=10;.....//Total number of poles
+Z=860;......//Total number of conductors
+papp=70;......//Pole arc by pole pitch in Percentage
+Al=P;...........//Number of parallel paths in a lap wound generator
+
+I=Ia/Al;.......//Current in each armature conductor in Amperes
+ATpole=(papp/100)*Z*I/(2*P);......//AT per pole for compensating winding
+disp(ATpole,"AT per pole for compensating winding:");
diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.9/EX27_9.jpg b/1418/CH27/EX27.9/EX27_9.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..12377d95d --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.9/EX27_9.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH27/EX27.9/EX27_9.sce b/1418/CH27/EX27.9/EX27_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..319d66279 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH27/EX27.9/EX27_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//EXAMPLE 27.9
+//DYNAMO
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+N=800;........//Speed in rpm
+cs=123;.......//Number of segments in a commutator
+Wb=3;.........//Brush span in segments
+v=N*cs/60;.............//Velocity in segments/second
+ct=Wb*60*1000/(N*cs);........//Commutation time in Milliseconds
+y=round(ct*100)/100;......//Rounding of decimal places
+disp(y,"Commutation time in Milliseconds:");
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