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+clear;
+clc;
+//Example 4.1
+b=100;
+Vcc=12;
+Vbe=0.7;
+Rc=6;
+Rb=50;
+Vbb=1.2;
+//dc solution
+Ibq=(Vbb-Vbe)/Rb;
+printf('\nbase current=%.3f mA\n',Ibq)
+Icq=b*Ibq;
+printf('\ncollector current=%.3f mA\n',Icq)
+Vceq=Vcc-Icq*Rc;
+printf('\ncollector emitter voltage=%.2f V\n',Vceq)
+//transistor is forward biased
+//ac solution
+V_T=0.026;//(V)
+//small signal hybrid pi parameters
+r_pi=b*V_T/Icq;
+printf('\nsmall signal resistance=%.1f KOhm\n',r_pi)
+g_m=Icq/V_T;
+printf('\ntransconductance=%.3f mA/V\n',g_m)
+//Av=Vo/Vs=-(g_m*Rc)*r_pi/(r_pi+Rb)
+Av=-(g_m*Rc)*r_pi/(r_pi+Rb);
+printf('\nsmall signal voltage gain=%.3f\n',Av)