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+//clear//

+//Caption:Entropy, Average length, Variance of Huffman Encoding 

+//Example 2.3: Huffman Encoding: Calculation of

+// (a)Average code-word length 'L'

+//(b)Entropy 'H'

+clear;

+clc;

+P0 = 0.4; //probability of codeword '00'

+L0 = 2;   //length of codeword S0

+P1 = 0.2; //probability of codeword '10'

+L1 = 2;   //length of codeword S1

+P2 = 0.2; //probility of codeword '11'

+L2 = 2;   //length of codeword S2

+P3 = 0.1; //probility of codeword '010'

+L3 = 3;   //length of codeword S3

+P4 =0.1; //probility of codeword '011'

+L4 = 3;   //length of codeword S4

+L = P0*L0+P1*L1+P2*L2+P3*L3+P4*L4;

+H_Ruo = P0*log2(1/P0)+P1*log2(1/P1)+P2*log2(1/P2)+P3*log2(1/P3)+P4*log2(1/P4);

+disp('bits',L,'Average code-word Length L')

+disp('bits',H_Ruo,'Entropy of Huffman coding result H')

+disp('percent',((L-H_Ruo)/H_Ruo)*100,'Average code-word length L exceeds the entropy H(Ruo) by only')

+sigma_1 = P0*(L0-L)^2+P1*(L1-L)^2+P2*(L2-L)^2+P3*(L3-L)^2+P4*(L4-L)^2;

+disp(sigma_1,'Varinace of Huffman code')