summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/728/CH4
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
authorpriyanka2015-06-24 15:03:17 +0530
committerpriyanka2015-06-24 15:03:17 +0530
commitb1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b (patch)
treeab291cffc65280e58ac82470ba63fbcca7805165 /728/CH4
downloadScilab-TBC-Uploads-b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b.tar.gz
Scilab-TBC-Uploads-b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b.tar.bz2
Scilab-TBC-Uploads-b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b.zip
initial commit / add all books
Diffstat (limited to '728/CH4')
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce18
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.txt18
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1_ans.txt15
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce15
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.txt15
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10_ans.txt13
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce29
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.txt29
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11_ans.txt6
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_11.sce29
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_11.txt29
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_11_ans.txt6
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_12.sce16
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_12.txt16
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_12_ans.txt12
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce22
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.txt22
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14_ans.txt12
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.sce45
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.txt45
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15_ans.txt20
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.16/Ex4_16.sce16
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.16/Ex4_16.txt16
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.16/Ex4_16_ans.txt4
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.17/EX4_17_ans.txt8
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.17/Ex4_17.sce14
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.17/Ex4_17.txt14
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18.sce20
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18.txt20
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18_ans.txt2
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19.sce21
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19.txt21
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19_ans.txt5
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce25
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.txt25
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2_ans.txt19
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.20/Ex4_20.sce15
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.20/Ex4_20.txt15
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.20/Ex4_20_ans.txt4
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.21/Ex4_21.sce15
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.21/Ex4_21.txt15
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.21/Ex4_21_ans.txt5
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.22/Ex4_22.sce15
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.22/Ex4_22.txt15
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.22/Ex4_22_ans.txt5
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.23/Ex4_23.sce13
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.23/Ex4_23.txt13
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.23/Ex4_23_ans.txt4
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.24/Ex4_24.sce15
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.24/Ex4_24.txt15
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.24/Ex4_24_ans.txt5
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.3/EX4_3_ans.txt3
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce12
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.txt12
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce13
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.txt13
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4_ans.txt9
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce25
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.txt25
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5_ans.txt28
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce24
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.txt24
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6_ans.txt8
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce12
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.txt12
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7_ans.txt4
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce17
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.txt17
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8_ans.txt15
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.9/EX4_9_ans.txt15
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce24
-rwxr-xr-x728/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.txt24
72 files changed, 1167 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/728/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..22b009f8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-inductance per unit length,(ii)-capacitance per unit length,(iii)-charcteristic impedance,(iv)-velocity of propagation
+//Exa:4.1
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//Given:
+d=0.49;//in cm
+D=1.1;//in cm
+e_r=2.3;
+c=3*10^8;//in meter/second
+L=2*(10^-7)*log(D/d);//in Henry/meter
+C=55.56*(10^-12)*(e_r)/log(D/d);//in farad/meter
+R_o=(60/sqrt(e_r)) *log(D/d);//in ohms
+v=c/sqrt(e_r);//in meter/second
+disp(L,'Inductance per unit length(in H/m) =');
+disp(C,'Capacitance per unit length(in F/m) =');
+disp(R_o,'Characteristic Impedance (in ohms) =');
+disp(v,'Velocity of propagation (in m/s)='); \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..407e14ce5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-inductance per unit length,(ii)-capacitance per unit length,(iii)-charcteristic impedance,(iv)-velocity of propagation
+//Exa:4.1
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//Given:
+d=0.49;//in cm
+D=1.1;//in cm
+e_r=2.3;
+c=3*10^8;//in meter/second
+L=2*(10^-7)*log(D/d);//in Henry/meter
+C=55.56*(10^-12)*(e_r)/log(D/d);//in farad/meter
+R_o=(60/sqrt(e_r)) *log(D/d);//in ohms
+v=c/sqrt(e_r);//in meter/second
+disp(L,'Inductance per unit length(in H/m) =');
+disp(C,'Capacitance per unit length(in F/m) =');
+disp(R_o,'Characteristic Impedance (in ohms) =');
+disp(v,'Velocity of propagation (in m/s)=');
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1_ans.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2968fc1d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+Inductance per unit length(in H/m) =
+
+ 0.0000002
+
+ Capacitance per unit length(in F/m) =
+
+ 1.580D-10
+
+ Characteristic Impedance (in ohms) =
+
+ 31.992879
+
+ Velocity of propagation (in m/s)=
+
+ 1.978D+08
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce b/728/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3c1fc0b5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-required size of guide,(ii)-frequencies that can be used for this mode of propagation
+//Exa:4.10
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+wl_c=10;//in cm
+c=3*10^10;//in cm/s
+r=wl_c/(2*%pi/1.841);//in cm
+area=%pi*r^2;//in sq. cm
+f_c=c/wl_c;
+disp(r,'Radius of circular waveguide(in cm) =');
+disp(area,'Area of cross-section of circular waveguide(in cm) =');
+disp('Frequency above');
+disp(f_c);
+disp('can be propagated'); \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4815e1ab4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-required size of guide,(ii)-frequencies that can be used for this mode of propagation
+//Exa:4.10
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+wl_c=10;//in cm
+c=3*10^10;//in cm/s
+r=wl_c/(2*%pi/1.841);//in cm
+area=%pi*r^2;//in sq. cm
+f_c=c/wl_c;
+disp(r,'Radius of circular waveguide(in cm) =');
+disp(area,'Area of cross-section of circular waveguide(in cm) =');
+disp('Frequency above');
+disp(f_c);
+disp('can be propagated');
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10_ans.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..29e96150f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+ Radius of circular waveguide(in cm) =
+
+ 2.9300425
+
+ Area of cross-section of circular waveguide(in cm) =
+
+ 26.971041
+
+ Frequency above
+
+ 3.000D+09
+
+ can be propagated
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce b/728/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1f3099ebe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+//Caption:Find all modes that can propagate at 5000MHz.
+//Exa:4_11
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+a=4;//in cm
+b=3;//in cm
+f=5*10^9;//in Hz
+c=3*10^10;//in cm/s
+wl_o=c/f;
+//For TE waves:
+wl_c_TE01=2*b;//for TE01
+wl_c_TE10=2*a;//for TE10
+wl_c_TE11=2*a*b/sqrt(a^2+b^2);//for TE11
+if(wl_c_TE01>wl_o)
+ disp('TE01 can propagate');
+else
+ disp('TE01 cannot propagate');
+end
+if(wl_c_TE10>wl_o)
+ disp('TE10 can propagate');
+else
+ disp('TE10 cannot propagate');
+end
+if(wl_c_TE11>wl_o)
+ disp('TE11 can propagate');
+else
+ disp('TE11 cannot propagate');
+end \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b9df1fc2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+//Caption:Find all modes that can propagate at 5000MHz.
+//Exa:4_11
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+a=4;//in cm
+b=3;//in cm
+f=5*10^9;//in Hz
+c=3*10^10;//in cm/s
+wl_o=c/f;
+//For TE waves:
+wl_c_TE01=2*b;//for TE01
+wl_c_TE10=2*a;//for TE10
+wl_c_TE11=2*a*b/sqrt(a^2+b^2);//for TE11
+if(wl_c_TE01>wl_o)
+ disp('TE01 can propagate');
+else
+ disp('TE01 cannot propagate');
+end
+if(wl_c_TE10>wl_o)
+ disp('TE10 can propagate');
+else
+ disp('TE10 cannot propagate');
+end
+if(wl_c_TE11>wl_o)
+ disp('TE11 can propagate');
+else
+ disp('TE11 cannot propagate');
+end
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11_ans.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..abfe71cb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+ TE01 cannot propagate
+
+ TE10 can propagate
+
+ TE11 cannot propagate
+
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_11.sce b/728/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1f3099ebe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+//Caption:Find all modes that can propagate at 5000MHz.
+//Exa:4_11
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+a=4;//in cm
+b=3;//in cm
+f=5*10^9;//in Hz
+c=3*10^10;//in cm/s
+wl_o=c/f;
+//For TE waves:
+wl_c_TE01=2*b;//for TE01
+wl_c_TE10=2*a;//for TE10
+wl_c_TE11=2*a*b/sqrt(a^2+b^2);//for TE11
+if(wl_c_TE01>wl_o)
+ disp('TE01 can propagate');
+else
+ disp('TE01 cannot propagate');
+end
+if(wl_c_TE10>wl_o)
+ disp('TE10 can propagate');
+else
+ disp('TE10 cannot propagate');
+end
+if(wl_c_TE11>wl_o)
+ disp('TE11 can propagate');
+else
+ disp('TE11 cannot propagate');
+end \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_11.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_11.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b9df1fc2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_11.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+//Caption:Find all modes that can propagate at 5000MHz.
+//Exa:4_11
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+a=4;//in cm
+b=3;//in cm
+f=5*10^9;//in Hz
+c=3*10^10;//in cm/s
+wl_o=c/f;
+//For TE waves:
+wl_c_TE01=2*b;//for TE01
+wl_c_TE10=2*a;//for TE10
+wl_c_TE11=2*a*b/sqrt(a^2+b^2);//for TE11
+if(wl_c_TE01>wl_o)
+ disp('TE01 can propagate');
+else
+ disp('TE01 cannot propagate');
+end
+if(wl_c_TE10>wl_o)
+ disp('TE10 can propagate');
+else
+ disp('TE10 cannot propagate');
+end
+if(wl_c_TE11>wl_o)
+ disp('TE11 can propagate');
+else
+ disp('TE11 cannot propagate');
+end
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_11_ans.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_11_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..abfe71cb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_11_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+ TE01 cannot propagate
+
+ TE10 can propagate
+
+ TE11 cannot propagate
+
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_12.sce b/728/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cc6ebf8c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-cutoff wavelength,(ii)-cutoff frequency,(iii)-wavelength in guide
+//Exa:4.12
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+c=3*10^10;//in cm/s
+d=4;//in cm
+r=d/2;//in cm
+wl_c=2*%pi*r/1.841;//in cm
+f_c=c/wl_c;
+f_signal=5*10^9;//in Hz
+wl_o=c/f_signal;
+wl_g=wl_o/sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c)^2);
+disp(wl_c,'Cut-off wavelength (in cm) =');
+disp(f_c,'Cut-off frequency (in Hz) =');
+disp(wl_g,'Guide wavelength (in cm) ='); \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_12.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_12.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..65db64e03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_12.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-cutoff wavelength,(ii)-cutoff frequency,(iii)-wavelength in guide
+//Exa:4.12
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+c=3*10^10;//in cm/s
+d=4;//in cm
+r=d/2;//in cm
+wl_c=2*%pi*r/1.841;//in cm
+f_c=c/wl_c;
+f_signal=5*10^9;//in Hz
+wl_o=c/f_signal;
+wl_g=wl_o/sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c)^2);
+disp(wl_c,'Cut-off wavelength (in cm) =');
+disp(f_c,'Cut-off frequency (in Hz) =');
+disp(wl_g,'Guide wavelength (in cm) =');
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_12_ans.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_12_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fc4c9ed0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_12_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+Cut-off wavelength (in cm) =
+
+ 6.8258396
+
+ Cut-off frequency (in Hz) =
+
+ 4.395D+09
+
+ Guide wavelength (in cm) =
+
+ 12.583938
+
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce b/728/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..716271d08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-guide wavelength,(ii)-phase constant,(iii)-phase velocity for dominant mode
+//Exa:4.14
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+c=3*10^10;//in cm/s
+a=5;//in cm
+b=2.5;//in cm
+wl_o=4.5;//in cm
+//For TE10 mode:
+wl_c=2*a;
+wl_g=wl_o/sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c)^2);
+V_p=c/sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c)^2);
+w=2*%pi*c/wl_o;
+w_c=2*%pi*c/wl_c;
+b=sqrt(w^2-w_c^2)/c;
+disp(wl_g,'Guide wavelength (in cm) =');
+disp(b,'Phase constant =');
+disp(V_p,'Phase velocity (in cm/s) =');
+
+//answer in book is wrongly written as guide wavelength =7.803 cm
+//answer in book is wrongly written as Phase velocity = 5.22*10^10 cm/s \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1c6d6a884
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-guide wavelength,(ii)-phase constant,(iii)-phase velocity for dominant mode
+//Exa:4.14
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+c=3*10^10;//in cm/s
+a=5;//in cm
+b=2.5;//in cm
+wl_o=4.5;//in cm
+//For TE10 mode:
+wl_c=2*a;
+wl_g=wl_o/sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c)^2);
+V_p=c/sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c)^2);
+w=2*%pi*c/wl_o;
+w_c=2*%pi*c/wl_c;
+b=sqrt(w^2-w_c^2)/c;
+disp(wl_g,'Guide wavelength (in cm) =');
+disp(b,'Phase constant =');
+disp(V_p,'Phase velocity (in cm/s) =');
+
+//answer in book is wrongly written as guide wavelength =7.803 cm
+//answer in book is wrongly written as Phase velocity = 5.22*10^10 cm/s
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14_ans.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a203e377e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+
+ Guide wavelength (in cm) =
+
+ 5.0390326
+
+ Phase constant =
+
+ 1.2469031
+
+ Phase velocity (in cm/s) =
+
+ 3.359D+10
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.sce b/728/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fc616db2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+//Caption:Calculate what modes propagate at free space wavelength of (i)10 cm,(ii)5 cm
+//Exa:4.15
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+c=3*10^10;//in cm/s
+wl_c_TE10=16;//Critical wavelength of TE10
+wl_c_TM11=7.16;//Critical wavelength of TM11
+wl_c_TM21=5.6;//Critical wavelength of TM21
+//For (i): 10 cm
+wl_o=10;//in cm
+disp(wl_o,'For free space wavelength (in cm) =');
+if(wl_c_TE10>wl_o)
+ disp(' TE10 can propagate');
+else
+ disp(' TE10 cannot propagate');
+end
+if(wl_c_TM11>wl_o)
+ disp(' TM11 can propagate');
+else
+ disp(' TM11 cannot propagate');
+end
+if(wl_c_TM21>wl_o)
+ disp(' TM21 can propagate');
+else
+ disp(' TM21 cannot propagate');
+end
+//For (ii): 5 cm
+wl_o=5;//in cm
+disp(wl_o,'For free space wavelength (in cm) =');
+if(wl_c_TE10>wl_o)
+ disp(' TE10 can propagate');
+else
+ disp(' TE10 cannot propagate');
+end
+if(wl_c_TM11>wl_o)
+ disp(' TM11 can propagate');
+else
+ disp(' TM11 cannot propagate');
+end
+if(wl_c_TM21>wl_o)
+ disp(' TM21 can propagate');
+else
+ disp(' TM21 cannot propagate');
+end \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5b737bc43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+//Caption:Calculate what modes propagate at free space wavelength of (i)10 cm,(ii)5 cm
+//Exa:4.15
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+c=3*10^10;//in cm/s
+wl_c_TE10=16;//Critical wavelength of TE10
+wl_c_TM11=7.16;//Critical wavelength of TM11
+wl_c_TM21=5.6;//Critical wavelength of TM21
+//For (i): 10 cm
+wl_o=10;//in cm
+disp(wl_o,'For free space wavelength (in cm) =');
+if(wl_c_TE10>wl_o)
+ disp(' TE10 can propagate');
+else
+ disp(' TE10 cannot propagate');
+end
+if(wl_c_TM11>wl_o)
+ disp(' TM11 can propagate');
+else
+ disp(' TM11 cannot propagate');
+end
+if(wl_c_TM21>wl_o)
+ disp(' TM21 can propagate');
+else
+ disp(' TM21 cannot propagate');
+end
+//For (ii): 5 cm
+wl_o=5;//in cm
+disp(wl_o,'For free space wavelength (in cm) =');
+if(wl_c_TE10>wl_o)
+ disp(' TE10 can propagate');
+else
+ disp(' TE10 cannot propagate');
+end
+if(wl_c_TM11>wl_o)
+ disp(' TM11 can propagate');
+else
+ disp(' TM11 cannot propagate');
+end
+if(wl_c_TM21>wl_o)
+ disp(' TM21 can propagate');
+else
+ disp(' TM21 cannot propagate');
+end
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15_ans.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b5cf9b47a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+
+ For free space wavelength (in cm) =
+
+ 10.
+
+ TE10 can propagate
+
+ TM11 cannot propagate
+
+ TM21 cannot propagate
+
+ For free space wavelength (in cm) =
+
+ 5.
+
+ TE10 can propagate
+
+ TM11 can propagate
+
+ TM21 can propagate
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.16/Ex4_16.sce b/728/CH4/EX4.16/Ex4_16.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f930728d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.16/Ex4_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Caption:Determine the charcteristic wave impedance
+//Exa:4.16
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+c=3*10^10;//in cm/s
+f=10*10^9;//in Hz
+a=3;//in cm
+b=2;//in cm
+n=120*%pi;
+wl_o=c/f;
+wl_c=2*a*b/sqrt(a^2+b^2);
+Z_TM=n*sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c)^2);
+disp(Z_TM,'Characteristic impedance (in ohms) =');
+
+//answer in book is wrongly written as 61.618 ohms \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.16/Ex4_16.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.16/Ex4_16.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5031bff93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.16/Ex4_16.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Caption:Determine the charcteristic wave impedance
+//Exa:4.16
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+c=3*10^10;//in cm/s
+f=10*10^9;//in Hz
+a=3;//in cm
+b=2;//in cm
+n=120*%pi;
+wl_o=c/f;
+wl_c=2*a*b/sqrt(a^2+b^2);
+Z_TM=n*sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c)^2);
+disp(Z_TM,'Characteristic impedance (in ohms) =');
+
+//answer in book is wrongly written as 61.618 ohms
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.16/Ex4_16_ans.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.16/Ex4_16_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9e4469d24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.16/Ex4_16_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+ Characteristic impedance (in ohms) =
+
+ 163.24194
+
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.17/EX4_17_ans.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.17/EX4_17_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e0bf44269
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.17/EX4_17_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+ Diameter of waveguide (in cm) =
+
+ 3.6625531
+
+ Guide wavelength (in cm) =
+
+ 8.3333333
+
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.17/Ex4_17.sce b/728/CH4/EX4.17/Ex4_17.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3169154d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.17/Ex4_17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//Caption:Determine the diameter of waveguide & guide wavelength
+//Exa:4.17
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+c=3*10^10;//in cm/s
+f=6*10^9;//in Hz
+f_c=0.8*f;
+wl_c=c/f_c;
+D=1.841*wl_c/%pi;
+wl_o=c/f;
+wl_g=wl_o/sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c)^2);
+disp(D,'Diameter of waveguide (in cm) =');
+disp(wl_g,'Guide wavelength (in cm) =');
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.17/Ex4_17.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.17/Ex4_17.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3169154d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.17/Ex4_17.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//Caption:Determine the diameter of waveguide & guide wavelength
+//Exa:4.17
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+c=3*10^10;//in cm/s
+f=6*10^9;//in Hz
+f_c=0.8*f;
+wl_c=c/f_c;
+D=1.841*wl_c/%pi;
+wl_o=c/f;
+wl_g=wl_o/sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c)^2);
+disp(D,'Diameter of waveguide (in cm) =');
+disp(wl_g,'Guide wavelength (in cm) =');
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18.sce b/728/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2dfa1eda2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//Caption:Show TE01 mode propagates under given conditions
+//Exa:4.18
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+a=1.5;//in cm
+b=1;//in cm
+e_r=4;//dielectric
+c=3*10^10;//in cm/s
+wl_c=2*b;
+f_c=c/wl_c;
+f_imp=6*10^9;//impressed frequency (in Hz)
+wl_air=c/f_imp;
+//Inserting dielectric:
+wl_dielec=wl_air/sqrt(e_r);
+if(wl_dielec>wl_c)
+ disp(' TE01 can propagate');
+else
+ disp(' TE01 cannot propagate');
+end \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8fdb9e88d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//Caption:Show TE01 mode propagates under given conditions
+//Exa:4.18
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+a=1.5;//in cm
+b=1;//in cm
+e_r=4;//dielectric
+c=3*10^10;//in cm/s
+wl_c=2*b;
+f_c=c/wl_c;
+f_imp=6*10^9;//impressed frequency (in Hz)
+wl_air=c/f_imp;
+//Inserting dielectric:
+wl_dielec=wl_air/sqrt(e_r);
+if(wl_dielec>wl_c)
+ disp(' TE01 can propagate');
+else
+ disp(' TE01 cannot propagate');
+end
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18_ans.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ce6a79d65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ TE01 can propagate
+
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19.sce b/728/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f4a9dbf88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//Caption:Calculate the amount of attenuation if signal of frequency is 6GHz
+//Exa:4.19
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+u=4*%pi*10^-7;
+e=8.85*10^-12;
+c=3*10^10;//in cm/s
+f=6*10^9;//in Hz
+a=1.5;//in cm
+b=1;//in cm
+//For TE10 mode:
+m=1;
+n=0;
+wl_c=2*a;
+f_c=c/wl_c;
+t_1=(m*%pi/a)^2;
+t_2=(n*%pi/b)^2;
+t_3=(((2*%pi*f)^2)*u*e);
+a=sqrt(t_1+t_2-t_3);//in neper/m
+disp(a*20/log(10),'Attenuation (in dB/m) ='); \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..71689b8ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//Caption:Calculate the amount of attenuation if signal of frequency is 6GHz
+//Exa:4.19
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+u=4*%pi*10^-7;
+e=8.85*10^-12;
+c=3*10^10;//in cm/s
+f=6*10^9;//in Hz
+a=1.5;//in cm
+b=1;//in cm
+//For TE10 mode:
+m=1;
+n=0;
+wl_c=2*a;
+f_c=c/wl_c;
+t_1=(m*%pi/a)^2;
+t_2=(n*%pi/b)^2;
+t_3=(((2*%pi*f)^2)*u*e);
+a=sqrt(t_1+t_2-t_3);//in neper/m
+disp(a*20/log(10),'Attenuation (in dB/m) =');
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19_ans.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..60c025115
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+
+ Attenuation (in dB/m) =
+
+ 1091.8468i
+ \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce b/728/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1993972cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//Caption:Calculate the attenuation, phase constants,phase velocity,relative permittivity,power loss.
+//Exa:4.2
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+R=0.05;//in ohms
+G=0;
+l=50;//in meter
+e=2.3;//dielectric constant
+c=3*10^8;//in m/s
+L=2*(10^-7);//from Exa:4.1
+C=1.58*(10^-10);//from Exa:4.1
+P_in=480;//in watts
+f=3*10^9;//in hertz
+Z_o=sqrt(L/C);
+a=R/Z_o;//in Np/m
+b=2*%pi*f*sqrt(L*C);//in rad/m
+V_p=1/sqrt(L*C);
+e_r=(c/V_p)^2;
+P_loss=P_in*2*l;
+disp(a,'Atteneuation (in Np/m) =');
+disp(b,'Phase constant (in rad/m) =');
+disp(V_p,'Phase velocity (in m/s) =');
+disp(e_r,'Relative permittivity =');
+disp(P_loss,'Power loss (in watts) ='); \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..72254bd36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//Caption:Calculate the attenuation, phase constants,phase velocity,relative permittivity,power loss.
+//Exa:4.2
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+R=0.05;//in ohms
+G=0;
+l=50;//in meter
+e=2.3;//dielectric constant
+c=3*10^8;//in m/s
+L=2*(10^-7);//from Exa:4.1
+C=1.58*(10^-10);//from Exa:4.1
+P_in=480;//in watts
+f=3*10^9;//in hertz
+Z_o=sqrt(L/C);
+a=R/Z_o;//in Np/m
+b=2*%pi*f*sqrt(L*C);//in rad/m
+V_p=1/sqrt(L*C);
+e_r=(c/V_p)^2;
+P_loss=P_in*2*l;
+disp(a,'Atteneuation (in Np/m) =');
+disp(b,'Phase constant (in rad/m) =');
+disp(V_p,'Phase velocity (in m/s) =');
+disp(e_r,'Relative permittivity =');
+disp(P_loss,'Power loss (in watts) =');
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2_ans.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..82c5b17e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+Atteneuation (in Np/m) =
+
+ 0.0014053
+
+ Phase constant (in rad/m) =
+
+ 105.96066
+
+ Phase velocity (in m/s) =
+
+ 1.779D+08
+
+ Relative permittivity =
+
+ 2.844
+
+ Power loss (in watts) =
+
+ 48000.
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.20/Ex4_20.sce b/728/CH4/EX4.20/Ex4_20.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..eeba92d30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.20/Ex4_20.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Caption:Calculate the maximum power handling capacity
+//Exa:4.21
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+c=3*10^10;//in cm/s
+f=9*10^9;//inHz
+a=3;//in cm
+b=1;//in cm
+E_max=3000;//in V/cm
+wl_o=c/f;
+wl_c=2*a;//in TE10
+wl_g=ceil (wl_o/sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c)^2));
+P_max=(6.63*10^-4)*E_max^2*a*b*(wl_o/wl_g);
+disp(P_max/1000,'Maximum power for rectangular waveguide (in kilowatts)='); \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.20/Ex4_20.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.20/Ex4_20.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..eeba92d30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.20/Ex4_20.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Caption:Calculate the maximum power handling capacity
+//Exa:4.21
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+c=3*10^10;//in cm/s
+f=9*10^9;//inHz
+a=3;//in cm
+b=1;//in cm
+E_max=3000;//in V/cm
+wl_o=c/f;
+wl_c=2*a;//in TE10
+wl_g=ceil (wl_o/sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c)^2));
+P_max=(6.63*10^-4)*E_max^2*a*b*(wl_o/wl_g);
+disp(P_max/1000,'Maximum power for rectangular waveguide (in kilowatts)='); \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.20/Ex4_20_ans.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.20/Ex4_20_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9ea8d18d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.20/Ex4_20_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+
+ Maximum power for rectangular waveguide (in kilowatts)=
+
+ 11.934 \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.21/Ex4_21.sce b/728/CH4/EX4.21/Ex4_21.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3155c151b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.21/Ex4_21.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Caption:Calculate the maximum power
+//Exa:4.21
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+c=3*10^10;//in cm/s
+f=9*10^9;//inHz
+E_max=300;//in V/cm
+d=5;
+wl_o=c/f;
+//For TE11
+wl_c=d*%pi/1.841;
+wl_g=wl_o/sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c)^2);
+P_max=0.498*E_max^2*d^2*(wl_o/wl_g);
+disp(P_max,'Maximum power (in watts) =');
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.21/Ex4_21.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.21/Ex4_21.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3155c151b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.21/Ex4_21.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Caption:Calculate the maximum power
+//Exa:4.21
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+c=3*10^10;//in cm/s
+f=9*10^9;//inHz
+E_max=300;//in V/cm
+d=5;
+wl_o=c/f;
+//For TE11
+wl_c=d*%pi/1.841;
+wl_g=wl_o/sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c)^2);
+P_max=0.498*E_max^2*d^2*(wl_o/wl_g);
+disp(P_max,'Maximum power (in watts) =');
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.21/Ex4_21_ans.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.21/Ex4_21_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9cc2a8ad6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.21/Ex4_21_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+
+ Maximum power (in watts) =
+
+ 1031453.7
+ \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.22/Ex4_22.sce b/728/CH4/EX4.22/Ex4_22.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4f50012da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.22/Ex4_22.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Caption:Calculate the peak value of electric feild occuring in the waveguide
+//Exa:4.22
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+c=3*10^10;//in cm/s
+f=30*10^9;//inHz
+a=1;//in cm
+b=1;
+P_max=746;//in watts
+wl_o=c/f;
+wl_c=2*a;
+Z=120*%pi/sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c)^2);
+E_max=sqrt(P_max*4*Z/(a*b/10000));
+disp(E_max/1000,'Peak value of electric field (in kV/m) =');
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.22/Ex4_22.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.22/Ex4_22.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4f50012da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.22/Ex4_22.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Caption:Calculate the peak value of electric feild occuring in the waveguide
+//Exa:4.22
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+c=3*10^10;//in cm/s
+f=30*10^9;//inHz
+a=1;//in cm
+b=1;
+P_max=746;//in watts
+wl_o=c/f;
+wl_c=2*a;
+Z=120*%pi/sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c)^2);
+E_max=sqrt(P_max*4*Z/(a*b/10000));
+disp(E_max/1000,'Peak value of electric field (in kV/m) =');
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.22/Ex4_22_ans.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.22/Ex4_22_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..faaf679e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.22/Ex4_22_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+
+ Peak value of electric field (in kV/m) =
+
+ 113.97239
+ \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.23/Ex4_23.sce b/728/CH4/EX4.23/Ex4_23.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4114660b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.23/Ex4_23.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//Caption:Calculate the breakdown power of air filled rectangular waveguide for dominant mode at 9.375 GHz.
+//Exa:4.23
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//Given:
+c=3*10^10;//in cm/s
+a=2.3;//in cm
+b=1;//in cm
+f=9.375*10^9;//in Hz
+wl_o=c/f;
+P_bd_TE11=597*2.3*1*{1-{wl_o/(2*a)}^2}^0.5;
+disp(P_bd_TE11,'Breakdown power for dominant mode (in kW) =');
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.23/Ex4_23.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.23/Ex4_23.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4114660b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.23/Ex4_23.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//Caption:Calculate the breakdown power of air filled rectangular waveguide for dominant mode at 9.375 GHz.
+//Exa:4.23
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//Given:
+c=3*10^10;//in cm/s
+a=2.3;//in cm
+b=1;//in cm
+f=9.375*10^9;//in Hz
+wl_o=c/f;
+P_bd_TE11=597*2.3*1*{1-{wl_o/(2*a)}^2}^0.5;
+disp(P_bd_TE11,'Breakdown power for dominant mode (in kW) =');
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.23/Ex4_23_ans.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.23/Ex4_23_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c9e104875
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.23/Ex4_23_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Breakdown power for dominant mode (in kW) =
+
+ 986.40589
+ \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.24/Ex4_24.sce b/728/CH4/EX4.24/Ex4_24.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..102fc9259
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.24/Ex4_24.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Caption:Calculate the breakdown power of circular waveguide
+//Exa:4.24
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//Given:
+d=5;//in cm
+c=3*10^10;//in cm/s
+f=9*10^9;//inHz
+//Dominant mode is TE11:
+wl_o=c/f;
+wl_c=%pi*d/1.841;
+f_c=c/wl_c;
+P_bd_TE11=1790*(d/2)^2*[1-{f_c/f}^2]^0.5;
+disp(P_bd_TE11/1000,'Breakdown power (in kW) ='); \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.24/Ex4_24.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.24/Ex4_24.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..102fc9259
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.24/Ex4_24.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Caption:Calculate the breakdown power of circular waveguide
+//Exa:4.24
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//Given:
+d=5;//in cm
+c=3*10^10;//in cm/s
+f=9*10^9;//inHz
+//Dominant mode is TE11:
+wl_o=c/f;
+wl_c=%pi*d/1.841;
+f_c=c/wl_c;
+P_bd_TE11=1790*(d/2)^2*[1-{f_c/f}^2]^0.5;
+disp(P_bd_TE11/1000,'Breakdown power (in kW) ='); \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.24/Ex4_24_ans.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.24/Ex4_24_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..04341cde4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.24/Ex4_24_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+
+ Breakdown power (in kW) =
+
+ 10.298427
+ \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.3/EX4_3_ans.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.3/EX4_3_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c69a000b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.3/EX4_3_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ Breakdown Power (in kW) =
+
+ 17560.256
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce b/728/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6c2514717
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//Caption:Calculate the breakdown power of air filled coaxial cable at 9.375 GHz.
+//Exa:4.3
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//Given:
+a=2.42;//in cm
+x=2.3;//x=(b/a)
+P_bd=3600*a^2*log(x);//in kilowatts
+disp(P_bd,'Breakdown Power (in kW) =');
+
+//answer in book is wrongly written as 398 kW. \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b28873e45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//Caption:Calculate the breakdown power of air filled coaxial cable at 9.375 GHz.
+//Exa:4.3
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//Given:
+a=2.42;//in cm
+x=2.3;//x=(b/a)
+P_bd=3600*a^2*log(x);//in kilowatts
+disp(P_bd,'Breakdown Power (in kW) =');
+
+//answer in book is wrongly written as 398 kW.
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce b/728/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..93768e4df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//Caption:Calculate charcteristic impedance & velocity of propagation.
+//Exa:4.4
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+b=0.3175;//in cm
+d=0.0539;//in cm
+c=3*10^8;//in m/s
+e_r=2.32;
+Z_o=60*log(4*b/(%pi*d))/sqrt(e_r);//in ohms
+V_p=c/sqrt(e_r);//in m/s
+disp(Z_o,'Charcteristic impedance (in ohms) =');
+disp(V_p,'Velocity of propagation (in m/s) ='); \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1f3fe3240
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//Caption:Calculate charcteristic impedance & velocity of propagation.
+//Exa:4.4
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+b=0.3175;//in cm
+d=0.0539;//in cm
+c=3*10^8;//in m/s
+e_r=2.32;
+Z_o=60*log(4*b/(%pi*d))/sqrt(e_r);//in ohms
+V_p=c/sqrt(e_r);//in m/s
+disp(Z_o,'Charcteristic impedance (in ohms) =');
+disp(V_p,'Velocity of propagation (in m/s) =');
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4_ans.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e5dead8db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+
+ Charcteristic impedance (in ohms) =
+
+ 79.371265
+
+ Velocity of propagation (in m/s) =
+
+ 1.970D+08
+
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce b/728/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0a6349b86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//Caption:Calculate charcteristic impedance & effective dielectric constant & velocity of propagation
+//Exa:4.5
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+e_r=9.7;
+c=3*10^8;//in m/s
+r_1=0.5;//when ratio: (W/h)=0.5
+r_2=5;//when ratio: (W/h)=5
+//For W/h ratio=0.5
+e_eff_1=(e_r+1)/2+((e_r-1)/2)*[1/{sqrt(1+12*(1/r_1))+0.04*(1-r_1)}];
+Z_o_1=60*log(8/r_1+r_1/4)/sqrt(e_eff_1);
+v_1=c/sqrt(e_eff_1);
+disp("For W/h=0.5 ,");
+disp(e_eff_1,'Effective dielectric constant =');
+disp(Z_o_1,'Charcteristic impedance (in ohms) =');
+disp(v_1,'Velocity of propagation (in m/s) =');
+//For W/h ratio=5
+e_eff_2=(e_r+1)/2+((e_r-1)/2)*[1/{sqrt(1+12*(1/r_2))}];
+Z_o_2=120*%pi*[1/{r_2+1.393+0.667*log(1.444+r_2)}]/sqrt(e_eff_2);
+v_2=c/sqrt(e_eff_2);
+disp("For W/h=5,");
+disp(e_eff_2,'Effective dielectric constant =');
+disp(Z_o_2,'Charcteristic impedance (in ohms) =');
+disp(v_2,'Velocity of propagation (in m/s) ='); \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b4c72681e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//Caption:Calculate charcteristic impedance & effective dielectric constant & velocity of propagation
+//Exa:4.5
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+e_r=9.7;
+c=3*10^8;//in m/s
+r_1=0.5;//when ratio: (W/h)=0.5
+r_2=5;//when ratio: (W/h)=5
+//For W/h ratio=0.5
+e_eff_1=(e_r+1)/2+((e_r-1)/2)*[1/{sqrt(1+12*(1/r_1))+0.04*(1-r_1)}];
+Z_o_1=60*log(8/r_1+r_1/4)/sqrt(e_eff_1);
+v_1=c/sqrt(e_eff_1);
+disp("For W/h=0.5 ,");
+disp(e_eff_1,'Effective dielectric constant =');
+disp(Z_o_1,'Charcteristic impedance (in ohms) =');
+disp(v_1,'Velocity of propagation (in m/s) =');
+//For W/h ratio=5
+e_eff_2=(e_r+1)/2+((e_r-1)/2)*[1/{sqrt(1+12*(1/r_2))}];
+Z_o_2=120*%pi*[1/{r_2+1.393+0.667*log(1.444+r_2)}]/sqrt(e_eff_2);
+v_2=c/sqrt(e_eff_2);
+disp("For W/h=5,");
+disp(e_eff_2,'Effective dielectric constant =');
+disp(Z_o_2,'Charcteristic impedance (in ohms) =');
+disp(v_2,'Velocity of propagation (in m/s) =');
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5_ans.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1096bd3fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+
+ For W/h=0.5 ,
+
+ Effective dielectric constant =
+
+ 6.2165339
+
+ Charcteristic impedance (in ohms) =
+
+ 66.908274
+
+ Velocity of propagation (in m/s) =
+
+ 1.203D+08
+
+ For W/h=5,
+
+ Effective dielectric constant =
+
+ 7.7091187
+
+ Charcteristic impedance (in ohms) =
+
+ 17.781923
+
+ Velocity of propagation (in m/s) =
+
+ 1.080D+08
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce b/728/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3bd2335e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+//Caption:Calculate ratio of circular waveguide cross-sectional area to rectangular waveguide cross-section
+//Exa:4.6
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//For TE Wave propagated:
+//for Rectangular , taking (a=2b)
+r=100;//assume
+//for TE11, wavelength=2*pi*r/1.841
+//for TE10, wavelength=2a
+a=(2*%pi*r/1.841)/2;
+ar_rec_TE=(a)*(a/2);
+ar_cir_TE=%pi*r^2;
+ratio_TE=(ar_cir_TE)/(ar_rec_TE);
+disp(ratio_TE,'Ratio of Circular & Rectangular coss-section area (in TE) =');
+//For TM Wave propagated:
+//for Rectangular , taking (a=2b)
+//for TE01, wavelength=2.6155*r
+//for TE11, wavelength=4b/sqrt(5)
+b=(2.6155*r)/1.78885;
+ar_rec_TM=(b)*(b);
+ar_cir_TM=%pi*r^2;
+ratio_TM=(ar_cir_TM)/(ar_rec_TM);
+disp(ratio_TM,'Ratio of Circular & Rectangular coss-section area (in TM) ='); \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8ee29199d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+//Caption:Calculate ratio of circular waveguide cross-sectional area to rectangular waveguide cross-section
+//Exa:4.6
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//For TE Wave propagated:
+//for Rectangular , taking (a=2b)
+r=100;//assume
+//for TE11, wavelength=2*pi*r/1.841
+//for TE10, wavelength=2a
+a=(2*%pi*r/1.841)/2;
+ar_rec_TE=(a)*(a/2);
+ar_cir_TE=%pi*r^2;
+ratio_TE=(ar_cir_TE)/(ar_rec_TE);
+disp(ratio_TE,'Ratio of Circular & Rectangular coss-section area (in TE) =');
+//For TM Wave propagated:
+//for Rectangular , taking (a=2b)
+//for TE01, wavelength=2.6155*r
+//for TE11, wavelength=4b/sqrt(5)
+b=(2.6155*r)/1.78885;
+ar_rec_TM=(b)*(b);
+ar_cir_TM=%pi*r^2;
+ratio_TM=(ar_cir_TM)/(ar_rec_TM);
+disp(ratio_TM,'Ratio of Circular & Rectangular coss-section area (in TM) =');
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6_ans.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..88c57e7fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+ Ratio of Circular & Rectangular coss-section area (in TE) =
+
+ 2.1576833
+
+ Ratio of Circular & Rectangular coss-section area (in TM) =
+
+ 1.4695632
+
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce b/728/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2e42445ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//Caption:Calculate breadth of rectangular waveguide
+//Exa:4.7
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+f=9*10^9;//in Hz
+c=3*10^10;//in cm/s
+wl_g=4;//in m
+wl_o=c/f;
+wl_c=[sqrt(1-((wl_o/wl_g)^2))/wl_o]^-1;
+b=wl_c/4;
+disp(b,'Breadth of rectangular waveguide (in cm) ='); \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e35dca3d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//Caption:Calculate breadth of rectangular waveguide
+//Exa:4.7
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+f=9*10^9;//in Hz
+c=3*10^10;//in cm/s
+wl_g=4;//in m
+wl_o=c/f;
+wl_c=[sqrt(1-((wl_o/wl_g)^2))/wl_o]^-1;
+b=wl_c/4;
+disp(b,'Breadth of rectangular waveguide (in cm) =');
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7_ans.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6a17cc42a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+
+ Breadth of rectangular waveguide (in cm) =
+
+ 1.5075567
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce b/728/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c831d77c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//Caption:Calculate the cutoff wavelength, guide wavelength, group & phase velocities
+//Exa:4.8
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+a=10;//in cm
+c=3*10^10;//in cm/s
+wl_c=2*a;//in cm
+f=2.5*10^9;//in Hz
+wl_o=c/f;
+wl_g=wl_o/(sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c)^2));//in cm
+V_p=c/(sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c)^2));
+V_g=c^2/V_p;
+disp(wl_c,'Cut-off wavelength (in cm) =');
+disp(wl_g,'Guide wavelength (in cm) =');
+disp(V_p,'Phase velocity (in cm/s) =');
+disp(V_g,'Group velocity (in cm/s) ='); \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..84ac1eeac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//Caption:Calculate the cutoff wavelength, guide wavelength, group & phase velocities
+//Exa:4.8
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+a=10;//in cm
+c=3*10^10;//in cm/s
+wl_c=2*a;//in cm
+f=2.5*10^9;//in Hz
+wl_o=c/f;
+wl_g=wl_o/(sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c)^2));//in cm
+V_p=c/(sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c)^2));
+V_g=c^2/V_p;
+disp(wl_c,'Cut-off wavelength (in cm) =');
+disp(wl_g,'Guide wavelength (in cm) =');
+disp(V_p,'Phase velocity (in cm/s) =');
+disp(V_g,'Group velocity (in cm/s) =');
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8_ans.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..02d1dd212
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+ Cut-off wavelength (in cm) =
+
+ 20.
+
+ Guide wavelength (in cm) =
+
+ 15.
+
+ Phase velocity (in cm/s) =
+
+ 3.750D+10
+
+ Group velocity (in cm/s) =
+
+ 2.400D+10
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.9/EX4_9_ans.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.9/EX4_9_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cec5ea754
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.9/EX4_9_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+Only TE10 mode is possible
+
+ Cut-off frequency(in Hz) =
+
+ 6.000D+09
+
+ Guide wavelength for TE10 (in cm) =
+
+ 4.869206
+
+ TM11 also propagates
+
+ Guide wavelength for TM11 (in cm) =
+
+ 4.869206
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce b/728/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f28c69383
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-possible modes,(ii)-cut-off frequencies,(iii)-guide wavelength
+//Exa:4.9
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//For TE mode:
+a=2.5;//in cm
+b=1;//in cm
+f=8.6*10^9;//in Hz
+c=3*10^10;//in cm/s
+wl_o=c/f;
+wl_c_1=2*b;//for TE01
+wl_c_2=2*a;//for TE10
+disp( 'Only TE10 mode is possible');
+f_c=c/wl_c_2;
+wl_c_3=2*a*b/sqrt(a^2+b^2);//for TE11 & TM11
+wl_g_TE10=wl_o/(sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c_2)^2));//for TE10
+disp(f_c,'Cut-off frequency(in Hz) =');
+disp(wl_g_TE10,'Guide wavelength for TE10 (in cm) =');
+//For TM mode:
+disp('TM11 also propagates');
+wl_c_TM11=wl_c_3;
+wl_g_TM11=wl_o/(sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c_2)^2));//for TM11
+disp(wl_g_TM11,'Guide wavelength for TM11 (in cm) =');
diff --git a/728/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.txt b/728/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f28c69383
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-possible modes,(ii)-cut-off frequencies,(iii)-guide wavelength
+//Exa:4.9
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//For TE mode:
+a=2.5;//in cm
+b=1;//in cm
+f=8.6*10^9;//in Hz
+c=3*10^10;//in cm/s
+wl_o=c/f;
+wl_c_1=2*b;//for TE01
+wl_c_2=2*a;//for TE10
+disp( 'Only TE10 mode is possible');
+f_c=c/wl_c_2;
+wl_c_3=2*a*b/sqrt(a^2+b^2);//for TE11 & TM11
+wl_g_TE10=wl_o/(sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c_2)^2));//for TE10
+disp(f_c,'Cut-off frequency(in Hz) =');
+disp(wl_g_TE10,'Guide wavelength for TE10 (in cm) =');
+//For TM mode:
+disp('TM11 also propagates');
+wl_c_TM11=wl_c_3;
+wl_g_TM11=wl_o/(sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c_2)^2));//for TM11
+disp(wl_g_TM11,'Guide wavelength for TM11 (in cm) =');