initial commit / add all books

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+//acids and bases//

+//example 2.1//

+//(a)//

+N1=1/1000;//normality of HCl//

+a=100;//percentage of ionization//

+C1=N1*a/100;

+printf("The concentration of H+ ion in HCl solution is %fg.ion/lit",C1);

+pH1=-log10(C1);

+printf("\nThe pH of N/1000 HCl solution is %f",pH1);

+N2=1/10000;//normality of NaOH solution//

+C2=N2*a/100;

+C2a=C2/10^-4;

+printf("\nThe concentration of OH- ions in N/10000 NaOH solution is %f*10^-4g.ion/lit",C2a);

+k=10^-14;//dissociation constant of water//

+H2=k/C2;

+H2a=H2/10^-10;

+printf("\nThe H+ concentration in N/10000 NaOH solution is %f*10^-10g.ion/lit",H2a);

+pH2=-log10(H2);

+printf("\nThe pH of the N/10000 solution is %f",pH2);

+N3=1/1000;//normality of NaOH solution//

+C3=N3*a/100;

+C3a=C3/10^-3;

+printf("\nThe concentration of OH- ions in N/1000 NaOH solution is %f*10^-3g.ion/lit",C3a);

+H3=k/C3;

+H3a=H3/10^-11;

+printf("\nThe H+ concentration in N/1000 NaOH solution is %f*10^-11g.ion/lit",H3a);

+pH3=-log10(H3);

+printf("\nThe pH of the N/1000 solution is %f",pH3);

+//(b)//

+N=0.1;//normality of given weak base//

+pH=9;//pH of the base//

+H=10^(-pH);

+Ha=H/10^-9

+printf("\nH+ concentration of the weak base is %f*10^-9g.ion/lit",Ha);

+OH=k/H;

+OHa=OH/10^-5;

+printf("\nOH- concentration of the base is %f*10^-5g.ion/lt",OHa);

+a1=OH/N;

+a1b=a1/10^-4;

+printf("\nDegree of ionization of given weak base is %f*10^-4",a1b);
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