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authorpriyanka2015-06-24 15:03:17 +0530
committerpriyanka2015-06-24 15:03:17 +0530
commitb1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b (patch)
treeab291cffc65280e58ac82470ba63fbcca7805165 /551/CH12
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Diffstat (limited to '551/CH12')
-rwxr-xr-x551/CH12/EX12.1/1.sce68
-rwxr-xr-x551/CH12/EX12.10/10.sce64
-rwxr-xr-x551/CH12/EX12.11/11.sce47
-rwxr-xr-x551/CH12/EX12.12/12.sce19
-rwxr-xr-x551/CH12/EX12.13/13.sce69
-rwxr-xr-x551/CH12/EX12.14/14.sce32
-rwxr-xr-x551/CH12/EX12.15/15.sce27
-rwxr-xr-x551/CH12/EX12.16/16.sce68
-rwxr-xr-x551/CH12/EX12.17/17.sce65
-rwxr-xr-x551/CH12/EX12.18/18.sce26
-rwxr-xr-x551/CH12/EX12.19/19.sce24
-rwxr-xr-x551/CH12/EX12.2/2.sce30
-rwxr-xr-x551/CH12/EX12.20/20.sce35
-rwxr-xr-x551/CH12/EX12.21/21.sce47
-rwxr-xr-x551/CH12/EX12.22/22.sce83
-rwxr-xr-x551/CH12/EX12.23/23.sce48
-rwxr-xr-x551/CH12/EX12.24/24.sce36
-rwxr-xr-x551/CH12/EX12.25/25.sce49
-rwxr-xr-x551/CH12/EX12.26/26.sce54
-rwxr-xr-x551/CH12/EX12.27/27.sce31
-rwxr-xr-x551/CH12/EX12.3/3.sce36
-rwxr-xr-x551/CH12/EX12.4/4.sce35
-rwxr-xr-x551/CH12/EX12.5/5.sce39
-rwxr-xr-x551/CH12/EX12.6/6.sce52
-rwxr-xr-x551/CH12/EX12.7/7.sce14
-rwxr-xr-x551/CH12/EX12.8/8.sce30
-rwxr-xr-x551/CH12/EX12.9/9.sce12
27 files changed, 1140 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/551/CH12/EX12.1/1.sce b/551/CH12/EX12.1/1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e46175302
--- /dev/null
+++ b/551/CH12/EX12.1/1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+clc
+p1=60; //bar; Inlet to turbine
+p2=0.1; //bar; Exit from turbine
+p3=0.09; //bar; Exit from condenser
+p4=70; //bar ; Exit from pump
+p5=65; //bar; Exit from boiler
+
+t1=380; //0C
+t5=400; //0C
+
+x2=0.9; //Quality at exit from turbine
+
+C=200; //m/s; Velocity at the exit from turbine
+
+disp("(i) Power output of the turbine")
+
+//At 60 bar 380 0C, From steam tables
+
+h1=3123.5; //kJ/kg; By interpolation
+h_f2=191.8; //kJ/kg
+h_fg2=2392.8; //kJ/kg
+x2=0.9;
+
+h2=h_f2+x2*h_fg2;
+m_s=10000/3600; //Rate of stem flow in kg/s
+
+P=m_s*(h1-h2);
+disp("Power output of the turbine =")
+disp(P)
+disp("kW")
+
+
+disp("(ii) Heat transfer per hour in the boiler and condenser")
+
+h_f4=1267.4; //kJ/kg
+h_a=3167.6; //kJ/kg
+
+Q1=10000*(h_a - h_f4);
+disp("Heat transfer per hour in the boiler =")
+disp(Q1)
+disp("kJ/h")
+
+h_f3=183.3; //kJ/kg
+Q2=10000*(h2-h_f3);
+disp("Heat transfer per hour in the condenser =")
+disp(Q2)
+disp("kJ/h")
+
+
+disp("(iii) Mass of cooling water circulated per hour in the condenser")
+c_pw=4.18;
+t2=30;
+t1=20;
+
+m_w=Q2/c_pw/(t2-t1);
+disp("m_w=")
+disp(m_w)
+disp("kg/h")
+disp("This is the exact answer.")
+
+disp("(iv) Diameter of the pipe connecting turbine with condenser")
+
+v_g2=14.67; //m^3/kg
+
+d=sqrt(m_s*x2*v_g2*4/%pi/C)*1000;
+disp("Diameter =")
+disp(d)
+disp("mm") \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/551/CH12/EX12.10/10.sce b/551/CH12/EX12.10/10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..65bf9a00d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/551/CH12/EX12.10/10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+clc
+p2=2; //bar
+p3=1.1; //bar
+IP=1;
+m=12.8/3600; //kg/kWs
+n_mech=0.8; //Mechanical efficiency
+h1=3037.6; //kJ/kg
+v1=0.169; //m^3/kg
+s1=6.918; //kJ/kg K
+t_s2=120.2; //0C
+h_f2=504.7; //kJ/kg
+h_fg2=2201.6; //kJ/kg
+s_f2=1.5301; //kJ/kg K
+s_fg2=5.5967; //kJ/kg K
+v_f2=0.00106; //m^3/kg
+v_g2=0.885; //m^3/kg
+t_s3=102.3; //0C
+h_f3=428.8; //kJ/kg
+h_fg3=2250.8; //kJ/kg
+s_f3=1.333; //kJ/kg K
+s_fg3=5.9947; //kJ/kg K
+v_f3=0.001; //m^3/kg
+v_g3=1.549; //m^3/kg
+
+x2=(s1-s_f2)/s_fg2;
+h2=h_f2+x2*h_fg2;
+v2=x2*v_g2+(1-x2)*v_f2;
+
+disp("(i)Ideal work=")
+W=(h1-h2) + (p2-p3)*v2*100; //kJ/kg
+disp(W)
+disp("kJ/kg")
+
+
+disp("(ii) Rankine engine efficiency=")
+n_rankine=W/(h1-h_f3);
+disp(n_rankine)
+
+
+disp("(iii) Indicated and brake work per kg")
+W_indicated=IP/m;
+disp("Indicated worK =")
+disp(W_indicated)
+disp("kJ/kg")
+
+W_brake=n_mech*IP/m;
+disp("Brake work =")
+disp(W_brake)
+disp("kJ/kg")
+
+disp("(iv) Brake thermal efficiency=")
+n_brake=W_brake/(h1-h_f3);
+disp(n_brake)
+
+
+disp("(v) Relative efficiency :")
+
+n1=W_indicated/W; //on the basis of indicated work
+disp("Relative efficiency on the basis of indicated work=")
+disp(n1)
+
+n2=W_brake/W; //on the basis of brake work
+disp("Relative efficiency on the basis of brake work=")
+disp(n2) \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/551/CH12/EX12.11/11.sce b/551/CH12/EX12.11/11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8b4deb494
--- /dev/null
+++ b/551/CH12/EX12.11/11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+clc
+p2=0.75; //bar
+p3=0.3; //bar
+h1=3263.9; //kJ/kg
+v1=0.307; //m^3/kg
+s1=7.465; //kJ/kg K
+T_s2=369.7; //K
+h_g2=2670.9; //kJ/kg
+s_g2=7.3954; //kJ/kg K
+v_g2=1.869; //m^3/kg
+h_f3=289.3; //kJ/kg
+v_g3=5.229; //m^3/kg
+cp=2.1;
+
+disp("(i) Quality of steam at the end of expansion")
+T_sup2=T_s2*(%e^((s1-s_g2)/cp));
+t_sup2=T_sup2-273;
+disp("t_sup2=")
+disp(t_sup2)
+disp("°C")
+
+h2=h_g2+cp*(T_sup2-366.5);
+
+disp("(ii) Quality of steam at the end of constant volume operation, x3 :")
+v2=v_g2/T_s2*T_sup2;
+v3=v2;
+x3=v3/v_g3;
+disp("x3=")
+disp(x3)
+
+
+disp("(iii) Power developed")
+P=(h1-h2) + (p2-p3)*v2*100;
+disp("P=")
+disp(P)
+disp("kW")
+
+
+disp("(iv) Specific steam consumption =")
+ssc=3600/P;
+disp(ssc)
+disp("kg/kWh")
+
+
+disp("(v) Modified Rankine cycle efficiency =")
+n_mR=((h1-h2)+(p2-p3)*v2*100)/(h1-h_f3);
+disp(n_mR) \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/551/CH12/EX12.12/12.sce b/551/CH12/EX12.12/12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6c929dab5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/551/CH12/EX12.12/12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+clc
+h1=3100; //kJ/kg
+h2=2100; //kJ/kg
+h3=2500; //kJ/kg
+h_f2=570.9; //kJ/kg
+h_f5=125; //kJ/kg
+h_f2=570.9; //kJ/kg
+a=11200; //Quantity of bled steam in kg/h
+
+m=(h_f2-h_f5)/(h2-h_f5);
+
+S=a/m; //Steam supplied to the turbine per hour
+
+W_net=(h1-h3) + (1-m)*(h3-h2);
+
+P=W_net*S/3600; //Power developed by the turbine
+disp("Power developed by the turbine=")
+disp(P)
+disp("kW") \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/551/CH12/EX12.13/13.sce b/551/CH12/EX12.13/13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8dc0fa663
--- /dev/null
+++ b/551/CH12/EX12.13/13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+clc
+//At 30bar, 400 0C
+
+h1=3230.9; //kJ/kg
+s1=6.921; //kJ/kg
+s2=s1;
+s3=s1;
+//At 5 bar
+s_f1=1.8604;
+s_g1=6.8192; //kJ/kg K
+h_f1=640.1; //kJ/kg
+
+t2=172 //0C
+h2=2796; //kJ/kg
+
+//At 0.1 bar
+s_f3=0.649; //kJ/kg K
+s_fg3=7.501; //kJ/kg K
+h_f3=191.8; //kJ/kg
+h_fg3=2392.8; //kJ/kg
+
+x3=(s2-s_f3)/s_fg3;
+h3=h_f3+x3*h_fg3;
+
+h_f4=191.8; //kJ/kg
+h_f5=h_f4;
+
+h_f6=640.1; //kJ/kg
+h_f7=h_f6;
+s7=1.8604; //kJ/kg K
+s4=0.649; //kJ/kg K
+
+m=(h_f6-h_f5)/(h2-h_f5);
+
+W_T=(h1-h2) + (1-m)*(h2-h3);
+
+Q1=h1-h_f6;
+
+disp("(i) Efficiency of cycle =")
+n_cycle=W_T/Q1;
+disp(n_cycle)
+
+SR=3600/W_T; //Steam rate
+disp("Steam rate =")
+disp(SR)
+disp("kg/kWh")
+
+
+T_m1=(h1-h_f7)/(s1-s7);
+
+T_m1r=(h1-h_f4)/(s1-s4); //Without regeneration
+
+dT_m1=T_m1-T_m1r;
+disp("Increase in T_m1 due to regeneration=")
+disp(dT_m1)
+disp("0C")
+
+W_Tr=h1-h3; //Without regeneration
+SR1=3600/W_Tr; //Steam rate without regeneration
+dSR=SR-SR1;
+disp("Increase in steam rate due to regeneration=")
+disp(dSR)
+disp("kg/kWh")
+
+n_cycle1=(h1-h3)/(h1-h_f4); //without regeneration
+dn_cycle=n_cycle-n_cycle1;
+disp("Increase in cycle efficiency due to regeneration")
+disp(dn_cycle*100)
+disp("%")
diff --git a/551/CH12/EX12.14/14.sce b/551/CH12/EX12.14/14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d1fe895af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/551/CH12/EX12.14/14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+clc
+
+//At 3 bar
+t_s1=133.5; //0C
+h_f1=561.4; //kJ/kg
+
+//At 0.04 bar
+t_s2=29; //0C
+h_f2=121.5; //0C
+
+h0=3231; //kJ/kg
+h1=2700; //kJ/kg
+h2=2085; //kJ/kg
+
+t1=130; //0C
+t2=27; //0C
+c=4.186;
+
+disp("(i) Mass of steam used")
+m1=c*(t1-t2)/(h1-h_f2);
+disp("m1=")
+disp(m1)
+disp("kg")
+
+
+disp("(ii) Thermal efficiency of the cycle")
+W=(h0-h1)+(1-m1)*(h1-h2);
+Q=h0-c*t1;
+
+n_thermal=W/Q;
+disp("n_thermal=")
+disp(n_thermal)
diff --git a/551/CH12/EX12.15/15.sce b/551/CH12/EX12.15/15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..833d549be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/551/CH12/EX12.15/15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+clc
+
+h0=3115.3; //kJ/kg
+h1=2720; //kJ/kg
+h2=2450; //kJ/kg
+h3=2120; //kJ/kg
+
+h_f1=640.1; //kJ/kg
+h_f2=417.5; //kJ/kg
+h_f3=173.9; //kJ/kg
+
+m1=(h_f1-h_f2)/(h1-h_f1);
+disp("m1=")
+disp(m1)
+disp("kJ/kg")
+
+m2=((h_f2-h_f3)-m1*(h_f1-h_f3))/(h2-h_f3);
+disp("m2=")
+disp(m2)
+disp("kJ/kg")
+
+W=h0-h1 + (1-m1)*(h1-h2) + (1-m1-m2)*(h2-h3);
+Q=h0-h_f1;
+
+n=W/Q;
+disp("Thermal Efficiency of the cycle=")
+disp(n) \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/551/CH12/EX12.16/16.sce b/551/CH12/EX12.16/16.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1a570cc46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/551/CH12/EX12.16/16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+clc
+h0=2905; //kJ/kg
+h1=2600; //kJ/kg
+h2=2430; //kJ/kg
+h3=2210; //kJ/kg
+h4=2000; //kJ/kg
+
+h_f1=640.1; //kJ/kg
+h_f2=467.1; //kJ/kg
+h_f3=289.3; //kJ/kg
+h_f4=137.8; //kJ/kg
+
+disp("(i) Mass of bled steam")
+
+m1=(h_f1-h_f2)/(h1-h_f1);
+disp("m1=")
+disp(m1)
+disp("kJ/kg")
+
+m2=((h_f2-h_f3) - (m1*(h_f1-h_f2)))/(h2-h_f2);
+disp("m2=")
+disp(m2)
+disp("kJ/kg")
+
+m3=((h_f3-h_f4)-(m1+m2)*(h_f2-h_f4))/(h3-h_f4);
+disp("m3=")
+disp(m3)
+disp("kJ/kg")
+
+W=(h0-h1) + (1-m1)*(h1-h2)+(1-m1-m2)*(h2-h3) + (1-m1-m2-m3)*(h3-h4);
+
+Q=h0-h_f1;
+
+disp("(ii) Thermal efficiency of the cycle=")
+n_thermal=W/Q;
+disp(n_thermal)
+
+
+disp("(iii) Thermal efficiency of Rankine cycle =")
+n_rankine=(h0-h4)/(h0-h_f4);
+disp(n_rankine)
+
+
+disp("(iv) Theoretical gain due to regenerative feed heating =")
+gain=(n_thermal-n_rankine)/(n_thermal);
+disp(gain)
+
+disp("(v) Steam consumption with regenerative feed heating =")
+S1=3600/W;
+disp(S1)
+disp("kg/kWh")
+
+disp("Steam consumption without regenerative feed heating =")
+S2=3600/(h0-h4);
+disp(S2)
+disp("kg/kWh")
+
+disp("(vi) Quantity of steam passing through the last stage of a 50000 kW turbine with regenerative feed-heating =")
+quantity1=S1*(1-m1-m2-m3)*50000;
+disp(quantity1)
+disp("kg/h")
+
+disp("quantity of steam without regeneration =")
+quantity2=S2*50000;
+disp(quantity2)
+disp("kg/h")
+
+
diff --git a/551/CH12/EX12.17/17.sce b/551/CH12/EX12.17/17.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7f5bc583d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/551/CH12/EX12.17/17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+clc
+h1=3460; //kJ/kg
+h2=3460; //kJ/kg
+h3=3111.5; //kJ/kg
+h4=3585; //kJ/kg
+h5=3207; //kJ/kg
+h6=2466; //kJ/kg
+h7=137.8; //kJ/kg
+h8=962; //kJ/kg
+h9=670.4; //kJ/kg
+h10=962; //kJ/kg
+
+p1=100; //bar
+p2=95; //bar
+p3=25; //bar
+p4=22; //bar
+p5=6; //bar
+p6=0.05; //bar
+
+n_mech=0.9;
+n_gen=0.96;
+n_boiler=0.9;
+
+P=120*10^3; //kW
+
+m1=(h10-h9)/(h3-h8);
+
+m2=(h9-m1*h8-(1-m1)*h7)/(h5-h7);
+
+W_IP=(1-m1-m2)*(p5-p6)*0.001*10^2;
+W_HP=(p1-p5)*0.001*10^2;
+
+W_total=(W_IP+W_HP)/n_mech;
+
+W_indicated=(h2-h3) + (1-m1)*(h4-h5) + (1-m1-m2)*(h5-h6);
+
+Output=(W_indicated - W_total)*n_mech*n_gen; //net electrical output
+
+rate=P*3600/Output;
+
+amt1=m1*rate; //Amounts of bled off, surface(high pressure) heater
+disp("Amounts of bled off, surface(high pressure) heater =")
+disp(amt1)
+disp("kg/h")
+
+amt2=m2*rate; //Amounts of bled off, surface(low pressure) heater
+disp("Amounts of bled off, surface(low pressure) heater")
+disp(amt2)
+disp("kg/h")
+
+
+disp("(iii) Overall thermal efficiency")
+Q_boiler=(h1-h10)/n_boiler;
+Q_reheater=(h4-h3)/n_boiler;
+
+n_overall=Output/(Q_boiler+Q_reheater)*100;
+disp("Overall thermal efficiency =")
+disp(n_overall)
+disp("%")
+
+
+disp("(iv) Specific steam consumption =")
+ssc=rate/P; //Specific steam consumption
+disp(ssc)
+disp("kg/kWh") \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/551/CH12/EX12.18/18.sce b/551/CH12/EX12.18/18.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b0ee7449e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/551/CH12/EX12.18/18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+clc
+p1=15; //bar
+p2=4; //bar
+p4=0.1; //bar
+
+h1=2920; //kJ/kg
+h2=2660; //kJ/kg
+h3=2960; //kJ/kg
+h4=2335; //kJ/kg
+
+W=h1-h2+h3-h4;
+disp("work done per kg of steam")
+disp(W)
+disp("kJ/kg")
+
+h_reheat=h3-h2;
+disp("Amount of heat supplied during reheat =")
+disp(h_reheat)
+disp("kJ/kg")
+
+h_4a=2125; //kJ/kg
+
+W1=h1-h_4a;
+disp("Work output without reheat =")
+disp(W1)
+disp("kJ/kg") \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/551/CH12/EX12.19/19.sce b/551/CH12/EX12.19/19.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b15a9e539
--- /dev/null
+++ b/551/CH12/EX12.19/19.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+clc
+
+h1=3450; //kJ/kg
+h2=3050; //kJ/kg
+h3=3560; //kJ/kg
+h4=2300; //kJ/kg
+
+h_f4=191.8; //kJ/kg
+
+//From mollier diagram
+x4=0.88;
+disp("(i)Quality of steam at turbine exhaust =")
+disp(x4)
+
+
+n_cycle=((h1-h2) + (h3-h4))/((h1-h_f4) + (h3-h2));
+disp("(ii) Cycle efficiency =")
+disp(n_cycle)
+
+
+SR=3600/((h1-h2) + (h3-h4));
+disp("(iii) Steam rate in kg/kWh =")
+disp(SR)
+disp("kg/kWh") \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/551/CH12/EX12.2/2.sce b/551/CH12/EX12.2/2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2e9fd4968
--- /dev/null
+++ b/551/CH12/EX12.2/2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+clc
+p1=15; //bar
+x1=1;
+p2=0.4; //bar
+
+//At 15 bar
+t_s1=198.3; //0C
+h_g1=2789.9; //kJ/kg
+s_g1=6.4406; //kJ/kg K
+
+//At 0..4 bar
+t_s2=198.3; //0C
+h_f2=317.7; //kJ/kg
+h_fg2=2319.2; //kJ/kg
+s_f2=1.0261; //kJ/kg K
+s_fg2=6.6448; //kJ/kg K
+T1=471.3; //K
+T2=348.9; //K
+
+n_carnot=(T1-T2)/T1;
+disp("Carnot efficiency=")
+disp(n_carnot)
+
+
+x2=(s_g1 - s_f2)/s_fg2;
+h2=h_f2+x2*h_fg2;
+
+n_rankine=(h_g1-h2)/(h_g1-h_f2);
+disp("Rankine efficiency=")
+disp(n_rankine) \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/551/CH12/EX12.20/20.sce b/551/CH12/EX12.20/20.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7d3d6a631
--- /dev/null
+++ b/551/CH12/EX12.20/20.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+clc
+
+h1=3250; //kJ/kg
+h2=2170; //kJ/kg
+h_f2=173.9; //kJ/kg
+
+W=h1-h2;
+Q=h1-h_f2;
+
+n_thermal=W/Q;
+disp("Thermal effifciency=")
+disp(n_thermal);
+
+x2=0.83; //From mollier chart
+disp("x2=")
+disp(x2)
+
+
+disp("Second case")
+
+h1=3250; //kJ/kg
+h2=2807; //kJ/kg
+h3=3263; //kJ/kg
+h4=2426; //kJ/kg
+h_f4=173.9; //kJ/kg
+W=h1-h2+h3-h4;
+Q=h1-h_f4+h3-h2;
+
+n_thermal=W/Q;
+disp("Thermal effifciency=")
+disp(n_thermal);
+
+x4=0.935; //From mollier chart
+disp("x4=")
+disp(x4)
diff --git a/551/CH12/EX12.21/21.sce b/551/CH12/EX12.21/21.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..46d2bfe8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/551/CH12/EX12.21/21.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+clc
+
+disp("(a) The erosion of the moving blades is caused by the presence of water particles in (wet) steam in the L.P. stages. The water particles strike the leading surface of the blades. Such impact, if sufficiently heavy, produces severe local stresses in the blade material causing the surface metal to fail and flake off.")
+
+disp(" The erosion, if any, is more likely to occur in the region where the steam is wettest, i.e., in the last one or two stages of the turbine. Moreover, the water droplets are concentrated in the outer parts of the flow annuals where the velocity of impact is highest.")
+disp("Erosion difficulties due to moisture in the steam may be avoided by reheating. The whole of steam is taken from the turbine at a suitable point 2, and a further supply of heat is given to it along 2-3 after which the steam is readmitted to the turbine and expanded along 3-4 to condenser pressure. Erosion may also be reduced by using steam traps in between the stages to separate moisture from the steam.")
+
+
+
+disp("(b) TTD means “Terminal temperature difference”. It is the difference between temperatures of bled steam/condensate and the feed water at the two ends of the feed water heater")
+
+
+
+disp("Part (c)")
+
+h1=3580; //kJ/kg
+h2=3140; //kJ/kg
+h3=3675; //kJ/kg
+h4=2335; //kJ/kg
+h5=191.8; //kJ/kg
+
+P=15*10^3; //kW
+a=0.104; //moisture content in exit from LP turbine
+
+p=40; //bar; From the mollier diagram
+disp("(i)Reheat pressure=")
+disp(p)
+disp("bar")
+
+disp("(ii) Thermal efficiency")
+W=h1-h2+h3-h4;
+Q=h1-h5+h3-h2;
+n_th=W/Q*100;
+disp("n_th=")
+disp(n_th)
+disp("%")
+
+sc=P/W;//steam consumption
+ssc=sc*3600/P; //specific steam consumption
+disp("Specific steam consumption=")
+disp(ssc)
+disp("kg/kWh")
+
+disp("(iv) Rate of pump work =")
+rate=sc*0.15;
+disp(rate)
+
diff --git a/551/CH12/EX12.22/22.sce b/551/CH12/EX12.22/22.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d3f3b66ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/551/CH12/EX12.22/22.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+clc
+
+h_l=355.988; //kJ/kg
+s_l=0.5397; //kJ/kg K
+s_f=0.0808; //kJ/kg K
+s_g=0.6925; //kJ/kg K
+h_f=29.98; //kJ/kg
+h_g=329.85; //kJ/kg
+
+p1=4; //bar
+p2=0.04; //bar
+v_f2=76.5*10^(-6); //m^3/kg
+
+h1=2789.9; //kJ/kg
+s1=6.4406; //kJ/kg
+h_f=121.5; //kJ/kg
+h_fg=2432.9; //kJ/kg
+s_f=0.432; //kJ/kg K
+s_fg2=8.052; //kJ/kg K
+
+p4=15; //bar
+p3=0.04; //bar
+
+v_f=0.0001; //kJ/kg K
+
+h_f4=123; //kJ/kg
+h_m=254.88; //kJ/kg
+h_fn=29.98; //kJ/kg
+h_fk=29.988; //kJ/kg
+
+disp("(i) Overall thermal efficiency ")
+m=(h1-h_f4)/(h_m-h_fn); //The amount of mercury circulating for 1kg of steam in the bottom cycle
+Q1=m*(h_l-h_fk); //total
+
+x2=(s1-s_f)/(s_fg2);
+
+h2=h_f+x2*h_fg;
+
+W_T=m*(h_l-h_m)+(h1-h2); //total
+
+n_overall=W_T/Q1; //W_P may be neglected
+disp("n_overall =")
+disp(n_overall)
+
+
+disp("(ii) Flow through mercury turbine=")
+A=48000; //kg/h
+m_Hg=m*A;
+disp(m_Hg)
+disp("kg/h")
+
+
+disp("(iii) Useful work in binary vapour cycle=")
+W_total=A*W_T/3600;
+disp(W_total)
+disp("kW")
+
+
+disp("(iv) Overall efficiency under new conditions ")
+n_Hg=0.84;
+n_steam=0.88;
+
+W_Hg=n_Hg*101.1;
+h_m1=h_l-W_Hg;
+m1=(h1-h_f4)/(h_m1-h_fn);
+
+h_g=3037.6; //kJ/kg
+s_g=6.918; //kJ/kg
+s_f2=0.423; //kJ/kg K
+s_fg2=8.052; //kJ/kg K
+
+Q1=m1*(h_l - h_fk) + (h_g-h1);
+
+x2=(s_g-s_f2)/s_fg2;
+h2=h_f+x2*h_fg;
+
+W_steam=n_steam*(h_g-h2);
+
+W_total=m1*W_Hg + W_steam;
+
+n_overall=W_total/Q1;
+disp("n_overall")
+disp(n_overall) \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/551/CH12/EX12.23/23.sce b/551/CH12/EX12.23/23.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7aa009e5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/551/CH12/EX12.23/23.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+clc
+p1=60; //bar
+t1=450; //0C
+p2=3; //bar
+p3=0.07; //bar; p3=(760-707.5)/760*1.013
+
+n_turbine=0.87;
+n_boiler=0.86;
+n_alt=0.94;
+n_mech=0.97;
+
+P=22500; //kW
+
+h1=3300; //kJ/kg
+h2=2607; //kJ/kg
+
+h2a=h1-n_turbine*(h1-h2);
+h3=2165; //kJ/kg
+
+h3a=h2a-n_turbine*(h2a-h3);
+
+h_f4=163.4; //kJ/kg
+h_f5=561.4; //kJ/kg
+
+disp("(i) The steam bled per kg of steam supplied to the turbine")
+m=(h_f5-h_f4)/(h2a-h_f4);
+disp("m=")
+disp(m)
+disp("kJ/kg")
+
+
+disp("(ii) Steam generated per hour")
+W=(h1-h2a) + (1-m)*(h2a-h3a); //Work developed per kg of steam in the turbine
+W_act=P/n_alt/n_mech; //actual work
+
+steam=W_act/W*3600/1000; //tonnes/h
+disp("Steam generated=")
+disp(steam)
+disp("tonnes/h")
+
+
+disp("(iii) The overall efficiency of the plant")
+P_avail=P*(1-0.09); //Net power available deducting pump power
+Q=steam*1000*(h1-h_f5)/n_boiler/3600; //kW
+
+n_overall=P_avail/Q
+disp("n_overall=")
+disp(n_overall) \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/551/CH12/EX12.24/24.sce b/551/CH12/EX12.24/24.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9a8491920
--- /dev/null
+++ b/551/CH12/EX12.24/24.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+clc
+t1=350; //0C
+t_s=350; //0C
+
+p2=7; //bar
+p3=7; //bar
+p4=0.4; //bar
+t3=350; //0C
+
+h1=2985; //kJ/kg
+h2=2520; //kJ/kg
+h3=3170; //kJ/kg
+h4=2555; //kJ/kg
+
+h_f2=697.1; //kJ/kg
+h_f4=317.7; //kJ/kg
+
+P=110*10^3; //kW
+
+disp("(i) The ratio of steam bled to steam generated")
+m=(h_f2-h_f4)/(h2-h_f4);
+
+ratio=1/m;
+disp("ratio=")
+disp(ratio)
+
+
+disp("(ii) The boiler generating capacity =")
+m_s=P/(h1-h2+(1-m)*(h3-h4))*3600/1000; //tonnes/hour
+disp(m_s)
+disp("tonnes/hour")
+
+
+disp("(iii) Thermal efficiency of the cycle =")
+n_thermal=((h1-h2) + (1-m)*(h3-h4))/((h1-h_f2)+(1-m)*(h3-h2));
+disp(n_thermal) \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/551/CH12/EX12.25/25.sce b/551/CH12/EX12.25/25.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c3335a32a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/551/CH12/EX12.25/25.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+clc
+h1=3315; //kJ/kg
+h2=2716; //kJ/kg
+h3=3165; //kJ/kg
+h4=2236; //kJ/kg
+h_f2=697.1;//kJ/kg
+h_f6=h_f2;
+h_f4=111.9; //kJ/kg
+h_f5=h_f4;
+
+disp("(i) Amount of steam bled off for feed heating =")
+m=(h_f2-h_f4)/(h2-h_f4);
+disp(m)
+disp("steam bled off is 22.5% of steam generated by the boiler.")
+
+
+disp("(ii) Amount of steam supplied to L.P. turbine =")
+amt=100-m*100;
+disp(amt)
+disp("77.5% of the steam generated by the boiler.")
+
+
+disp("(iii) Heat supplied in the boiler and reheater")
+Q_boiler=h1-h_f6;
+disp("Q_boiler=")
+disp(Q_boiler)
+disp("kJ/kg")
+
+Q_reheater=(1-m)*(h3-h2);
+disp("Q_reheater=")
+disp(Q_reheater)
+disp("kJ/kg")
+
+Qs=Q_boiler+Q_reheater;
+
+disp("(iv) Cycle efficiency")
+W=h1-h2 + (1-m)*(h3-h4);
+
+n_cycle=W/Qs;
+disp("n_cycle=")
+disp(n_cycle)
+
+
+disp("(v) Power developed by the system")
+ms=50; //kg/s
+Power=ms*W/1000; //MW
+disp("Power=")
+disp(Power)
+disp("MW") \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/551/CH12/EX12.26/26.sce b/551/CH12/EX12.26/26.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..71423ee2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/551/CH12/EX12.26/26.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+clc
+
+h1 = 3578; //kJ/kg
+h2 = 3140; //kJ/kg
+h3 = 3678; //kJ/kg
+h4 = 3000; //kJ/kg
+h5 = 2330; //kJ/kg
+h_f1=1611; //kJ/kg
+h_f2=1087.4; //kJ/kg
+h_f4=640.1; //kJ/kg
+h_f5=191.8; //kJ/kg
+h_f6=h_f5;
+
+disp("(i) Fraction of steam extracted from the turbines at each bled heater =")
+
+disp("closed feed heater")
+m1=(h_f2-h_f4)/(h2-h_f4);
+disp(m1)
+disp("kg/kg of steam supplied by the boiler")
+
+disp("open feed heater")
+m2=(1-m1)*(h_f4-h_f5)/(h4-h_f6);
+disp(m2)
+disp("kg/kg of steam supplied by the boiler")
+
+
+disp("(ii) Thermal efficiency of the system")
+
+W_total=(h1-h2) + (1-m1)*(h3-h4) + (1-m1-m2)*(h4-h5);
+p1=150; //bar
+p2=40; //bar
+p4=5; //bar
+p5=0.1; //bar
+
+v_w1=1/1000; //m^3/kg
+v_w2=v_w1;
+v_w3=v_w1;
+
+W_P1=v_w1*(1-m1-m2)*(p4-p5)*100; //kJ/kg
+W_P2=v_w2*(1-m1)*(p1-p4)*100; //kJ/kg
+W_P3=v_w3*m1*(p1-p2)*100; //kJ/kg
+
+W_P=W_P1+W_P2+W_P3; //Total pump work
+W_net=W_total-W_P;
+
+Q=(1-m1)*h_f1 +m1*(h_f1); //Heat of feed water extering the boiler
+Qs1=h1-Q;
+Qs2=(1-m1)*(h3-h2);
+Qst=Qs1+Qs2;
+
+n_thermal=W_net/Qst*100;
+disp("n_thermal=")
+disp(n_thermal)
+disp("%") \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/551/CH12/EX12.27/27.sce b/551/CH12/EX12.27/27.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a497318cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/551/CH12/EX12.27/27.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+clc
+
+disp("(i) The minimum pressure at which bleeding is necessary=")
+
+//It would be assumed that the feed water heater is an open heater. Feed water is heated to 180°C. So psat at 180°C ~= 10 bar is the pressure at which the heater operates. Thus, the pressure at which bleeding is necessary is 10 bar.
+p_min=10; //bar
+disp(p_min)
+disp("bar")
+
+h1=3285; //kJ/kg
+h2=2980; //kJ/kg
+h3=3280; //kJ/kg
+h4a=3072.5; //kJ/kg
+h5=2210; //kJ/kg
+h5a=2356.6; //kJ/kg
+
+h_f6=163.4; //kJ/kg
+h_f8=762.6; //kJ/kg
+h2a=3045.6; //kJ/kg
+
+
+disp("(ii) The quantity of steam bled per kg of flow at the turbine inlet =")
+m=(h_f8-h_f6)/(h4a-h_f6);
+disp(m)
+disp("kg of steam flow at turbine inlet.")
+
+
+disp("(iii) Cycle efficiency =")
+n_cycle=((h1-h2a)+(h3-h4a)+(1-m)*(h4a-h5a))/((h1-h_f8) + (h3 - h2a))*100;
+disp(n_cycle)
+disp("%") \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/551/CH12/EX12.3/3.sce b/551/CH12/EX12.3/3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5800f34ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/551/CH12/EX12.3/3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+clc
+p1=20; //bar
+p2=0.08; //bar
+
+//At 20 bar, 360 0C
+
+h1=3159.3; //kJ/kg
+s1=6.9917; //kJ/kg K
+
+//At 0.08 bar
+h_f2=173.88; //kJ/kg
+s_f2=0.5926; //kJ/kg K
+
+h_fg2=2403.1; //kJ/kg
+s_g=8.2287; //kJ/kg K
+v_f=0.001008; //m^3/kg
+s_fg=7.6361; //kJ/kg K
+
+x2=(s1-s_f2)/s_fg;
+
+h2=h_f2+x2*h_fg2;
+
+W_pump=v_f*(p1-p2)*100; //kJ/kg
+W_turbine=h1-h2;
+
+W_net=h1-h2;
+disp("Net work done=")
+disp(W_net)
+disp("kJ/kg")
+
+h_f4=W_pump+h_f2;
+Q1=h1-h_f4;
+
+n_cycle=W_net/Q1;
+disp("Cycle efficiency=")
+disp(n_cycle)
diff --git a/551/CH12/EX12.4/4.sce b/551/CH12/EX12.4/4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..260a8d88c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/551/CH12/EX12.4/4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+clc
+
+n_turbine=0.9;
+n_pump=0.8;
+p1=80; //bar
+p2=0.1; //bar
+v_f=0.0010103; //m^3
+
+//At 80 bar, 600 0C
+h1=3642; //kJ/kg
+s1=7.0206; //kJ/kg K
+s_f2=0.6488; //kJ/kg K
+s_fg2=7.5006; //kJ/kg K
+h_f2=191.9; //kJ/kg
+h_fg2=2392.3; //kJ/kg
+
+x2=(s1-s_f2)/s_fg2;
+h2=h_f2+x2*h_fg2;
+
+W_turbine=n_turbine*(h1-h2);
+W_pump=v_f*(p1-p2)*10^2;
+
+W_actual=W_pump/n_pump; //Actual pump work
+
+W_net=W_turbine - W_actual;
+disp("Specific work =")
+disp(W_net)
+disp("kJ/kg")
+
+h_f4=h_f2+W_actual;
+Q1=h1-h_f4;
+
+n_thermal=W_net/Q1; //Thermal efficiency
+disp("Thermal efficiency =")
+disp(n_thermal) \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/551/CH12/EX12.5/5.sce b/551/CH12/EX12.5/5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..387aa425e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/551/CH12/EX12.5/5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+clc
+p1=28; //bar
+p2=0.06; //bar
+
+//At 28 bar
+h1=2802; //kJ/kg
+s1=6.2104; //kJ/kg K
+
+//At 0.06 bar
+h_f2=151.5; //kJ/kg
+h_f3=h_f2;
+h_fg2=2415.9; //kJ/kg
+s_f2=0.521; //kJ/kg K
+s_fg2=7.809; //kJ/kg K
+v_f=0.001; //m^3/kg
+
+x2=(s1-s_f2)/s_fg2;
+
+h2=h_f2 + x2*h_fg2;
+
+W_turbine=h1-h2;
+W_pump=v_f*(p1-p2)*100; //kJ/kg
+
+h_f4=h_f2+W_pump;
+Q1=h1-h_f4;
+W_net=W_turbine - W_pump;
+
+n_cycle=W_net/Q1;
+disp("cyclic efficiency =")
+disp(n_cycle)
+
+ratio=W_net/W_turbine; //Work ratio
+disp("Work ratio =")
+disp(ratio)
+
+S=3600/W_net; //Specific steam combustion
+disp("Specific steam combustion=")
+disp(S)
+disp("kg/kWh") \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/551/CH12/EX12.6/6.sce b/551/CH12/EX12.6/6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..256b8728e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/551/CH12/EX12.6/6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+clc
+p1=35; //bar
+x=1;
+p2=0.2; //bar
+m=9.5; //kg/s
+
+//At 35 bar
+h1=2802; //kJ/kg
+h_g1=h1;
+s_g1=6.1228; //kJ/kg K
+
+//At0.26 bar
+h_f=251.5; //kJ/kg
+h_fg=2358.4; //kJ/kg
+v_f=0.001017; //m^3/kg
+s_f=0.8321; //kJ/kg
+s_fg=7.0773; //kJ/kg K
+
+disp("(i) The pump work")
+W_pump=v_f*(p1-p2)*100; //kJ/kg
+P=m*W_pump; //power required
+disp("Power required to drive the pump")
+disp(P)
+disp("kW")
+
+
+disp("(ii) The turbine work")
+
+x2=(s_g1-s_f)/s_fg;
+h2=h_f+x2*h_fg;
+
+W_turbine=m*(h1-h2);
+disp("Turbine work=")
+disp(W_turbine)
+disp("kW")
+
+
+disp("(iii) The Rankine efficiency")
+n_rankine=(h1-h2)/(h1-h_f);
+disp("rankine efficiency=")
+disp(n_rankine)
+
+
+disp("(iv) The condenser heat flow :")
+Q=m*(h2-h_f);
+disp("The condenser heat flow=")
+disp(Q)
+disp("kW")
+
+
+disp("(v) The dryness at the end of expansion=")
+disp(x2) \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/551/CH12/EX12.7/7.sce b/551/CH12/EX12.7/7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2a7e15448
--- /dev/null
+++ b/551/CH12/EX12.7/7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+clc
+dh=840; //kJ/kg; Adiabatic enthalpy drop
+h1=2940; ///kJ/kg;
+p2=0.1; //bar
+h_f2=191.8; //kJ/kg
+
+n_rankine=(dh)/(h1-h_f2)*100;
+disp("rankine efficiency=")
+disp(n_rankine)
+
+S=3600/dh; //Specific steam combustion
+disp("Specific steam combustion=")
+disp(S)
+disp("kg/kWh") \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/551/CH12/EX12.8/8.sce b/551/CH12/EX12.8/8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f4d57296f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/551/CH12/EX12.8/8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+clc
+IP=35; // Power developed by the engine in kW
+S=284; //Steam combustion in kg/h
+p2=0.14; //Condenser pressure in bar
+p1=15; //bar
+
+h1=2923.3; //kJ/kg
+s1=6.709; //kJ/kg K
+
+h_f=220; //kJ/kg
+h_fg=2376.6; //kJ/kg
+s_f=0.737; //kJ/kg K
+s_fg=7.296; //kJ/kg K
+
+x2=(s1-s_f)/s_fg;
+disp("(i) Final condition of steam =")
+disp(x2)
+
+h2=h_f+x2*h_fg;
+
+disp("(ii) Rankine efficiency=")
+n_rankine=(h1-h2)/(h1-h_f);
+disp(n_rankine)
+
+disp("(iii) Relative efficiency")
+n_thermal=IP/(S/3600)/(h1-h_f);
+
+n_relative=n_thermal/n_rankine;
+disp("relative efficiency=")
+disp(n_relative)
diff --git a/551/CH12/EX12.9/9.sce b/551/CH12/EX12.9/9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..705398e26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/551/CH12/EX12.9/9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+clc
+P=5000; //kW
+C=40000; //kJ/kg
+n_rankine=0.5;
+n_turbine=0.9;
+n_heat_transfer=0.85;
+n_combustion=0.98;
+
+m_f=P/n_turbine/(C*n_heat_transfer*n_combustion*n_rankine);
+disp("Fuel oil combustion=")
+disp(m_f)
+disp("kg/s")
generated by cgit (git 2.34.1) at 2024-12-20 06:54:48 +0000