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+//Kunii D., Levenspiel O., 1991. Fluidization Engineering(II Edition). Butterworth-Heinemann, MA, pp 491
+
+//Chapter-8, Example 1, Page 206
+//Title: Performance of a Fast Fluidized Vessel
+//==========================================================================================================
+clear
+clc
+
+//INPUT
+Lmf=2.4;//Length of bed at minimum fluidized condition in m
+uo=[2;4;6];//Superficial gas velocity in m/s
+GsII=100;//Solid circulation rate in kg/m^2 s for Mode II
+uoIII=4;//Superficial gas velocity in m/s for Mode III
+GsIII=[42;50;100;200;400];//Solid circulation rate in kg/m^2 s for Mode III
+GsIV=[70;100;120];//Solid circulation rate in kg/m^2 s for Mode IV
+dt=0.4;//Column diamter in m
+Ht=10;//Height of column in m
+rhos=1000;//Density of solid in kg/m^3
+dpbar=55;//Particle diameter in micrometer
+ephsilonmf=0.5;//Void fraction at minimum fluidization condition
+
+//CALCULATION
+//Mode I
+ephsilonstar=0.01;//Saturation carrying capacity of gas
+ephsilonsd=[0.2;0.16;0.14];//Solid holdup in lower dense region from Fig.8(b) for various uo
+n=length(uo);
+i=1;
+Hfguess=2;//Guess value of height
+while i<=n
+    a(i)=3/uo(i);//Decay constant
+    function[fn]=solver_func(Hf)//Function defined for solving the system
+        fn=Lmf*(1-ephsilonmf)-((ephsilonsd(i)-(ephsilonstar+(ephsilonsd(i)-ephsilonstar)*exp(-a(i)*Hf)))/a(i))-Ht*ephsilonsd(i)+Hf*(ephsilonsd(i)-ephsilonstar);
+    endfunction
+    [Hf(i)]=fsolve(Hfguess,solver_func,1E-6);//Using inbuilt function fsolve for solving Eqn.(10) for Hf
+    Hd(i)=Ht-Hf(i);//Height of lower densce region
+    ephsilonse(i)=ephsilonstar+(ephsilonsd(i)-ephsilonstar)*exp(-a(i)*Hf(i));//Solid holdup at exit
+    GsI(i)=rhos*uo(i)*ephsilonse(i);//Solid circulation rate from Eqn.(4)
+    i=i+1;
+end
+
+//Mode II
+i=1;
+Hfguess2=2;//Guess value of height
+while i<=n
+    ephsilonseII(i)=GsII/(rhos*uo(i));//Solid holdup at exit
+    function[fn]=solver_func1(Hf)//Function defined for solving the system
+        fn=ephsilonseII(i)-ephsilonstar-(ephsilonsd(i)-ephsilonstar)*exp(-a(i)*Hf);//From Eqn.(7)
+    endfunction
+    [HfII(i)]=fsolve(Hfguess2,solver_func1,1E-6);//Using inbuilt function fsolve for solving Eqn.(10) for Hf
+    HdII(i)=Ht-HfII(i);//Height of lower dense region
+    //Length of bed minimum fluidization condtion
+    LmfII(i)=(1-ephsilonmf)^-1*[((ephsilonsd(i)-ephsilonseII(i))/a(i))+Ht*ephsilonsd(i)-HfII(i)*(ephsilonsd(i)-ephsilonstar)];
+    i=i+1;
+end
+
+//Mode III
+aIII=3/uoIII;//Decay constant
+ephsilonsdIII=0.16;//Solid holdup at lower dense region
+i=1;
+m=length(GsIII);
+Hfguess3=2;//Guess value of height 
+while i<=m
+    ephsilonseIII(i)=GsIII(i)/(rhos*uoIII);//Solid holdup at exit
+    function[fn]=solver_func2(Hf)//Function defined for solving the system
+        fn=ephsilonseIII(i)-ephsilonstar-(ephsilonsdIII-ephsilonstar)*exp(-aIII*Hf);//From Eqn.(7)
+    endfunction
+    [HfIII(i)]=fsolve(Hfguess3,solver_func2,1E-6);//Using inbuilt function fsolve for solving Eqn.(10) for Hf
+    HdIII(i)=Ht-HfIII(i);//Height of lower dense region
+    //Length of bed at minimum fluidization condition
+    LmfIII(i)=(1-ephsilonmf)^-1*[((ephsilonsdIII-ephsilonseIII(i))/aIII)+Ht*ephsilonsdIII-HfIII(i)*(ephsilonsdIII-ephsilonstar)];
+    i=i+1;
+end
+
+//Mode IV
+i=1;
+Hfguess4=2;//Guess value of height
+while i<=n
+    aIV(i)=3/uo(i);//Decay constant
+    ephsilonseIV(i)=GsIV(i)/(rhos*uo(i));//Solid holdup at exit
+    function[fn]=solver_func3(Hf)//Function defined for solving the system
+        fn=ephsilonseIV(i)-ephsilonstar-(ephsilonsd(i)-ephsilonstar)*exp(-aIV(i)*Hf);//From Eqn.(7)
+    endfunction
+    [HfIV(i)]=fsolve(Hfguess4,solver_func3,1E-6);//Using inbuilt function fsolve for solving Eqn.(10) for Hf
+    HdIV(i)=Ht-HfIV(i);//Height of lower dense region
+    //Length of bed at minimum fluidization condition
+    LmfIV(i)=(1-ephsilonmf)^-1*[((ephsilonsd(i)-ephsilonseIV(i))/aIV(i))+Ht*ephsilonsd(i)-HfIV(i)*(ephsilonsd(i)-ephsilonstar)];
+    i=i+1;
+end
+
+//OUTPUT
+printf('\nMode I');
+printf('\n\tuo(m/s)\t\tephsilonse(-)\tHf(m)\t\tHd(m)\t\tGs(kg/m^2 s)');
+i=1;
+while i<=n
+    mprintf('\n\t%f\t%f\t%f\t%f\t%f',uo(i),ephsilonse(i),Hf(i),Hd(i),GsI(i));
+    i=i+1;
+end
+printf('\nMode II');
+printf('\n\tuo(m/s)\t\tephsilonse(-)\tHf(m)\t\tHd(m)\t\tLmf(m))');
+i=1;
+while i<=n
+    mprintf('\n\t%f\t%f\t%f\t%f\t%f',uo(i),ephsilonseII(i),HfII(i),HdII(i),LmfII(i));
+    i=i+1;
+end
+printf('\nMode III');
+printf('\n\tGs(kg/m^ s)\tephsilonse(-)\tHf(m)\t\tHd(m)\t\tLmf(m)');
+i=1;
+while i<=m
+    mprintf('\n\t%f\t%f\t%f\t%f\t%f',GsIII(i),ephsilonseIII(i),HfIII(i),HdIII(i),LmfIII(i));
+    i=i+1;
+end
+printf('\nMode IV');
+printf('\n\tuo(m/s)\t\tGs(kg/m^2 s)\tephsilonse(-)\tHf(m)\t\tLmf(m)');
+i=1;
+while i<=n
+    mprintf('\n\t%f\t%f\t%f\t%f\t%f',uo(i),GsIV(i),ephsilonseIV(i),HfIV(i),LmfIV(i));
+    i=i+1;
+end
+
+//====================================END OF PROGRAM ======================================================
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