initial commit / add all books

134 files changed, 2551 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/443/CH1/EX1.1/1_1.sce b/443/CH1/EX1.1/1_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d726220bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH1/EX1.1/1_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('1.1.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'1.1-data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//bore diameter(in cm):

+d=(4*Vs*Ro/%pi)^(1/3)

+//length(in cm):

+l=d/Ro

+//compression ratio:

+R=(Vs+Vc)/Vc

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nbore:%f\n",d)

+printf("\nstroke:%f\n",l)

+printf("\ncompression ratio:%f\n",R)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH1/EX1.10/1_10.sce b/443/CH1/EX1.10/1_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fc759ad63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH1/EX1.10/1_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('1_10.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'1_10_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//brake thermal efficiency

+nbth=nith*nm

+//rate of energy input from fuel

+Ef=mf/3600*CV

+//brake power

+bp=nbth*Ef

+//for square engine d=L

+L^3=(bp*60000/0.25*%pi*k*pbm*n)

+//specific speed of the engine

+L=((sp*60)/(2*N))

+//stroke of the engine

+L=sqrt((L^3*n)/(L*N))

+//crank radius

+r=L/2

+//speed

+N=360/L

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nstroke length:%f\n",L)

+printf("\ncrank radius:%f\n",r)

+printf("\nspeed:%f\n",N)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH1/EX1.2/1_2.sce b/443/CH1/EX1.2/1_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..29d0af46f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH1/EX1.2/1_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('1_2.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'1_2_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//solving simultaneously for indicated power using fp/bp=nm and fp+bp=ip:

+ip=fp/(1-nm)

+//brake power(in kw):

+bp=ip-fp

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nindicated power:%f\n",ip)

+printf("\nbrake power:%f\n",bp)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH1/EX1.3/1_3.sce b/443/CH1/EX1.3/1_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..07a0e5a93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH1/EX1.3/1_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('1_3.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'1_3_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//indicated power(in kw):

+ip=bp/nm

+//frictional power(in kw):

+fp=ip-bp

+//brake power load(in kw):

+bpl=l*bp

+nml=bpl/(bpl+fp)

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nindicated power:%f\n",ip)

+printf("\nfrictional power:%f\n",fp)

+printf("\nbrake power at load:%f\n",bpl)

+printf("\mechanical efficiency:%f\n",nml=nml*100)

diff --git a/443/CH1/EX1.4/1_4.sce b/443/CH1/EX1.4/1_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..793ab4fd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH1/EX1.4/1_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('1_4.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'1_4_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Total volume per cylinder(in cc)

+Vtot=Vall/n

+//swept volume per cylinder(in cc)

+Vs=Vtot*(Rag/Rc)

+//volume of air taken per cycle(in cc)

+Vair=nv*Vs

+//volume of gas taken per cycle(in cc)

+Vgas=Vair/Rag

+//energy supplied per cylinder(in kJ)

+E=Vgas*10^-6*34*10^3

+//energy supplied per cylinder per second(in kJ)

+E1=bp/(nth*nm*4)

+//speed of engine(in rpm)

+N=(E1*120)/E

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\ntotal volume swept:%f\n",Vtot)

+printf("\nswept volume per cylinder:%f\n",Vs)

+printf("\nvolume of air taken in per cycle:%f\n",Vair)

+printf("\nvolume of gas taken in per cycle:%f\n",Vgas)

+printf("\nenergy supplied per cylinder:%f\n",E)

+printf("\nenergy supplied per cylinder per second:%f\n",E1)

+printf("\nspeed of the engine:%f\n",N)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH1/EX1.5/1_5.sce b/443/CH1/EX1.5/1_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6c5c6a6d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH1/EX1.5/1_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('1_5.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'1_5_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//fuel consumption(in kg/s)

+mf=bp/(nbth*CV)

+//air consumption(in m^3/s)

+A=(mf*Raf)/Da

+//air flow rate per cylinder(in m^3/s)

+A1=A/n

+//indicated power(in kW)

+Ip=bp/nm

+//indicated thermal efficiency

+nith=Ip/(mf*CV)

+//Volumetric efficiency

+nv=A1/(0.25*%pi*d^2*L*N/120)*100

+//brake mean effective pressure(N/m^2)

+pbm=bp/(L*0.25*%pi*d^2*L*N/120*4)*10^3

+//mean piston speed(m/s)

+v=(2*L*N)/60

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nfuel consumption:%f\n",mf)

+printf("\nair consumption:%f\n",A)

+printf("\nair flow per cylinder:%f\n",A1)

+printf("\nindicated power:%f\n",Ip)

+printf("\nindicated thermal efficiency:%f\n",nith*100)

+printf("\nvolumetric efficiency:%f\n",nv)

+printf("\nbrake mean effective pressure:%f\n",pbm)

+printf("\nmean piston speeed:%f\n",v)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH1/EX1.6/1_6.sce b/443/CH1/EX1.6/1_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..64583a57c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH1/EX1.6/1_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('1_6.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'1_6_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//energy input(in kJ/s)

+E=bp/(nm*nth)

+//number of strokes per second

+n=N/(2*60)

+//energy input per power stroke(in kJ)

+E1=E/n

+//actual volume of hydrogen taken in(in cc)

+Vh=(E1*10^6)/CV

+//actual volume of air taken in(in cc)

+Va=Raf*Vh

+//swept volume(in cc)

+Vs=Va/nv

+//cubic capacity of the engine(in cc)

+Vt=Vs*K

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nenergy input:%f\n",E)

+printf("\nnumber of stroke:%f\n",n)

+printf("\nenergy input per power stroke:%f\n",E1)

+printf("\nactual volume of hydrogen:%f\n",Vh)

+printf("\nactual volume of air:%f\n",Va)

+printf("\nswept volume:%f\n",Vs)

+printf("\ncubic capacity of the engine:%f\n",Vt)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH1/EX1.7/1_7.sce b/443/CH1/EX1.7/1_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..164385c1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH1/EX1.7/1_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('1_7.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'1_7_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//mean piston speed of engine2

+sp2=(d)^2*(sp1/ip1)*ip2

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("mean piston speed of engine2=mean piston speed of engine1 ie.%f\",sp2)

diff --git a/443/CH1/EX1.8/1_8.sce b/443/CH1/EX1.8/1_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..75b3a0dba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH1/EX1.8/1_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('1_8.sce')
+filename=pathname+filesep()+'1_8_data.sci'
+exec(filename)
+//Brake power of the engine(Relation derived using ip=fp+bp & mechanical efficiency at half load)(in kW)
+bp=(nmh*ip)/(nmh+0.5-0.5*nmh)
+//Frictional power(in kW)
+fp=(0.5*bp-nmh*0.5*bp)/nmh
+//Mechanical efficiency at full load
+nm=bp/ip
+//Indicated thermal efficiency
+nith=nbth/nm
+//Swept volume per cylinder
+Vs=Vsf/k
+//Clearance volume(in cc)
+Vc=Vs/(r-1)
+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")
+printf("\nBrake power:%f\n",bp)
+printf("\nFrictional power:%f\n",fp)
+printf("\nMechanical efficiency at full load:%f\n",nm*100)
+printf("\nIndicated thermal efficiency:%f\n",nith*100)
+printf("\nClearance volume:%f\n",Vc)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH1/EX1.9/1_9.sce b/443/CH1/EX1.9/1_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..48be2be03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH1/EX1.9/1_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('1_9.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'1_9_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//mechanical efficiency at full load

+nm=bp/(bp+fp)

+//mechanical effciciency at half load

+nmh=0.5*bp/(0.5*bp+fp)

+//mechanical efficiency at quarter load

+nmq=0.25*bp/(0.25*bp+fp)

+//mass flow rate of fuel

+mf=bp/(nbth*CV)

+//volume flow rate of fuel

+vf=mf/(pg*1000)

+//indicated thermal efficiency at full load

+nith=nbth/nm

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nmechanical efficiency at full load:%f \n",nm*100)

+printf("\nmechanical effciciency at half load:%f\n",nmh*100)

+printf("\nmechanical efficiency a quarter load:%f\n",nmq*100)

+printf("\nmass flow rate of fuel:%f\n",mf)

+printf("\nvolume flow rate of fuel:%f\n",vf)

+printf("\nindicated thermal efficiency at full load:%f\n",nith*100)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH17/EX17.1/17_1.sce b/443/CH17/EX17.1/17_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..36bb8d032
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH17/EX17.1/17_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('17_1.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'17_1_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Swept volume

+Vs=0.25*%pi*D^2*L*10^-3

+//Total charge taken in per cycle

+Vc=nv*Vs

+//Volume of gas used per minute

+Vg=(Vc/(AF+1))*(N/2)

+//Heat input

+H=CV*Vg

+//Brake power of the engine

+bp=nbth*H/60

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nBrake power of Engine:%f\n",bp)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH17/EX17.10/17_10.sce b/443/CH17/EX17.10/17_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e9bf7ddff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH17/EX17.10/17_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('17_10.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'17_10_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Air consumption

+ma=(Va/ta)*Pa

+//Fuel consumption

+mf=(Vf/tf)*Pf

+//Air fuel ratio

+AF=ma/mf

+//Power output

+P=(W*N)/Dc

+//Brake specific fuel consumption

+bsfc=(mf*3600*1000)/P

+//Indicated thermal efficiency

+nith=P/(mf*CV)*100

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("mf:%f",mf)

+printf("\nBrake specific fuel consumption:%f\n",bsfc)

+printf("\nIndicated thermal efficiency:%f\n",nith)

diff --git a/443/CH17/EX17.11/17_11.sce b/443/CH17/EX17.11/17_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..78fc16cbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH17/EX17.11/17_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('17_11.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'17_11_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Brake power(in kW)

+bp=(2*%pi*N*T)/60000

+//Brake mean effective pressure(in bar)

+pbm=(bp*60000)/(L*0.25*%pi*D^2*N*0.5*k)*10^-5

+//Brake thermal efficiency

+nbth=(bp*3600)/(mf*CV)*100

+//Compression ratio

+r=((0.25*%pi*(D*10^2)^2*L*10^2)+Vcl)/Vcl

+//Air standard efficiency

+notto=(1-(1/(r^(y-1))))*100

+//Relative efficiency

+nrel=(nbth/notto)*100

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nBrake thermal effciency:%f\n",nbth)

+printf("\nRelative efficiency:%f\n",nrel)

+printf("\nBrake power:%f\n",bp)

+printf("\nBrake mean effective pressure:%f\n",pbm)

diff --git a/443/CH17/EX17.12/17_12.sce b/443/CH17/EX17.12/17_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ca4150f97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH17/EX17.12/17_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('17_12.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'17_12_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Brake power(in kW)

+bp=(2*%pi*N*W*l*g)/60000

+//Brake mean effective pressure(in bar)

+bmep=(bp*60000)/(L*0.25*%pi*D^2*N*0.5*k)*10^-5

+//Brake specific fuel consumption(in kg/kWh)

+bsfc=mf/bp*60

+//Brake specific air consumption(in kg/kWh)

+bsac=(ma/bp)*60

+//Brake thermal efficiency

+nbth=(bp*60*100)/(mf*CV)

+//Volume flow rate of air at intake condiion(in m^3/min)

+Va=(ma*R*T)/p

+//Swept volume(in m^3/min)

+Vs=0.25*%pi*D^2*L*0.5*N*k

+//Volumetric efficiency

+nv=Va/Vs*100

+//Air fuel ratio 

+AF=ma/mf

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nBrake power:%f\n",bp)

+printf("\nBrake mean effective pressure:%f\n",bmep)

+printf("\nBrake specific fuel consumption:%f\n",bsfc)

+printf("\nBrake specific air consumption:%f\n",bsac)

+printf("\nBrake thermal effciency:%f\n",nbth)

+printf("\nVolumetric efficiency:%f\n",nv)

+printf("\nAir Fuel ratio:%f\n",AF)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH17/EX17.13/17_13.sce b/443/CH17/EX17.13/17_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ab34733e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH17/EX17.13/17_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('17_13.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'17_13_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Brake power(in kW)

+bp=(W*g*N*C)/60000

+//Brake thermal efficiency

+nbth=(bp*60)/(mf*CV)

+//Indicated thermal effciency

+nith=(nbth/nm)*100

+//Indicated mean effective pressure(in bar)

+imep=(bp*60000)/(nm*L*0.25*%pi*D^2*0.5*N*K)*10^-5

+//Brake specific fuel consumption(in kg/kWh)

+bsfc=(mf*60)/bp

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nBrake thermal effciency:%f\n",nbth*100)

+printf("\nIndicated thermal effciency:%f\n",nith)

+printf("\nIndicated mean effective pressure:%f\n",imep)

+printf("\nBrake specific fuel consumption:%f\n",bsfc)

diff --git a/443/CH17/EX17.14/17_14.sce b/443/CH17/EX17.14/17_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c547046b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH17/EX17.14/17_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('17_14.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'17_14_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Brake power(in kW)

+bp=(2*%pi*N*T)/60000

+//Brake thermal efficiency

+nbth=(bp*3600)/(mf*CV)*100

+//Brake mean effective pressure(in bar)

+pbm=(bp*60000)/(L*0.25*%pi*D^2*N*0.5*k)*10^-5

+//Volume flow rate of air at intake(in m^3/min)

+Va=Cd*0.25*%pi*d^2*sqrt(2*g*dhw*(pw*R*Ta/p))*60

+//Swept volume(in m^3/min)

+Vs=0.25*%pi*D^2*L*0.5*N*k

+//Volumetric efficiency

+nv=Va/Vs*100

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nBrake thermal effciency:%f\n",nbth)

+printf("\nBrake mean effective pressure:%f\n",pbm)

+printf("\nVolumetric efficiency:%f\n",nv)

+

diff --git a/443/CH17/EX17.15/17_15.sce b/443/CH17/EX17.15/17_15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..73e1b850d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH17/EX17.15/17_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('17_15.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'17_15_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Indicated mean effective pressure(in bar)

+pim=(Area/Length)*constant

+//Indicated power(in kW)

+ip=(pim*10^5*L*0.25*%pi*D^2*0.5*N)/60000

+//Brake power(in kW)

+bp=(%pi*N*(dW)*d*g)/60000

+//Mechanical efficiency

+nm=bp/ip*100

+//Fuel consumption(in kg/h)

+mf=(Vf/30)*60*10^-3*Pf

+//Brake specific fuel consumption(in kg/kWh)

+bsfc=mf/bp

+//Indicated thermal efficiency

+nith=(ip*3600)/(mf*CV)*100

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nIndicated power:%f\n",ip)

+printf("\nBrake power:%f\n",bp)

+printf("\nMechanical efficiency:%f\n",nm)

+printf("\nBrake specific fuel consumption:%f\n",bsfc)

+printf("\nIndicated thermal efficiency:%f\n",nith)

diff --git a/443/CH17/EX17.16/17_16.sce b/443/CH17/EX17.16/17_16.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..87881e219
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH17/EX17.16/17_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('17_16.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'17_16_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Swept Volume(in cc)

+Vs=0.25*%pi*D^2*L

+//Volume of gas in the cylinder(in cc/cycle)

+V1=(1/(1+AF))*(Vs+(Vs/(r-1)))

+//Volume of gas at NTP conditions(in cc)

+V=V1*(p2/p)*(T/T2)

+//Heat added(in kJ/cycle)

+H=V*10^-6*CV

+//Indicated power(in kW)

+ip=(pim*10^5*Vs*10^-6*0.5*N)/60000

+//Indicated thermal efficiency

+nith=(ip*120)/(H*N)

+//Air standard efficiency

+nas=1-(1/r^(y-1))

+//Reslative efficiency

+nrel=nith/nas*100

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nIndicated power:%f\n",ip)

+printf("\nIndicated thermal efficiency:%f\n",nith*100)

+printf("\nRelative efficiency:%f\n",nrel)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH17/EX17.17/17_17.sce b/443/CH17/EX17.17/17_17.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..481049929
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH17/EX17.17/17_17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('17_17.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'17_17_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Swept volume(in cc/cylinder)

+Vs=0.25*%pi*D^2*L*10^6

+//Compression ratio

+r=(Vs+Vc)/Vc

+//Air standard efficiency

+nas=1-(1/r^(y-1))

+//Brake thermal effciency

+nbth=nrel*nas

+//Brake power(in kW)

+bp=(2*%pi*N*T)/60000

+//Heat supplied(in kJ/s)

+H=bp/nbth

+//Fuel consumption(in kg/h)

+mf=H*3600/CV

+//Brake mean effective pressure(in bar)

+pbm=(bp*60000)/(Vs*10^-6*0.5*N*K)*10^-5

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nBrake mean effective pressure:%f\n",pbm)

+printf("\nFuel consumption:%f\n",mf)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH17/EX17.18/17_18.sce b/443/CH17/EX17.18/17_18.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e32c05fc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH17/EX17.18/17_18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('17_18.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'17_18_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Density of air(in kg/m^3)

+Pa=p/(R*T)*10^5

+//Volume flow rate of air at intake(in m^3/min)

+Va=Cd*0.25*%pi*d^2*sqrt(2*g*dHg*(pHg/pa))

+//Swept volume(in m^3/s)

+Vs=0.25*%pi*D^2*L*N*0.5*(K/60)

+//Volumeric efficiency

+nv=Va/Vs*100

+//Brake power(in kW)

+bp=(W*N)/20000

+//Brake mean effective pressure(in bar)

+pbm=(bp*60000)/(L*0.25*%pi*D^2*N*0.5*K)*10^-5

+//Torque(in N-m)

+T=bp*60000/(2*%pi*N)

+//Mass flow rate of fuel(in kg/h)

+mf=(Vf/t)*10^-6*Pf*3600

+//Brake specific fuel consumption(in kg/kWh)

+bsfc=mf/bp

+//O2 required/kg of fuel

+O2=C*(32/12)+H*(8/1)

+//Air required per kg of fuel

+ma=O2/0.233

+//Actual mass flow rate of air(in kg/s)

+maa=Va*Pa

+//Actual mass AF ratio

+Afa=maa*3600/mf

+//% of excess air

+E=((Afa-ma)/ma)*100

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nVolumetric efficiency:%f\n",nv)

+printf("\nTorque:%f\n",T)

+printf("\nBrake power:%f\n",bp)

+printf("\nBrake specific fuel consumption:%f\n",bsfc)

+printf("\nPercent of excess air:%f\n",E)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH17/EX17.19/17_19.sce b/443/CH17/EX17.19/17_19.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9868a31a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH17/EX17.19/17_19.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('17_19.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'17_19_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Stoichiometric air fuel ratio

+AF=(C*(32/12)+H*(8/1))/0.23

+//From nitrogen balance

+y=((C/12)*(CO2/N2))/0.79

+//Molecular weight of air(in kg/mol)

+M=0.23*32+0.77*28

+//Actual air fuel ratio

+AFa=y*M

+//% of excess air

+E=(AFa-AF)/AF*100

+//Volume of air(in m^3)

+Va=(T2/T1)*V*AFa

+//Volume of fuel(in m^3)

+Vf=(((T2/T1)*V)/3.4)*1

+//Total volume(in m^3/kg)

+Vtot=Va+Vf

+//Mixture evaporated(in m^3/min)

+Me=Vtot*mf/60

+//Swept volume/minute

+Vs=k*0.25*%pi*D^2*L*0.5*N

+//Volumetric efficiency

+nv=Me/Vs*100

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nActual air fuel ratio:%f\n",AFa)

+printf("\nVolumetric efficiency:%f\n",nv)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH17/EX17.2/17_2.sce b/443/CH17/EX17.2/17_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..09a728229
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH17/EX17.2/17_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('17_2.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'17_2_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Net area of diagram

+Net=Areap-Arean

+//Average height of indicator diagram

+Ht=Net/H

+//Indicated power

+ip=(pim*10^5*L*0.25*%pi*d^2*N*k)/60000

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nIndicated Power:%f\n",ip)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH17/EX17.20/17_20.sce b/443/CH17/EX17.20/17_20.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..49cdff7c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH17/EX17.20/17_20.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('17_20.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'17_20_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Mean height of the indicator diagram(in mm)

+H=(Area/l)

+//Mean effecive pressure(in bar)

+mep=(H)*d

+//Indicated power(in kW)

+ip=(mep*10^5*0.25*%pi*D^2*L*0.5*N)/60000

+//Brake power(in kW)

+bp=ip*nm

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nIndicated power:%f\n",ip)

+printf("\nBRake power:%f\n",bp)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH17/EX17.21/17_21.sce b/443/CH17/EX17.21/17_21.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6143ce9ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH17/EX17.21/17_21.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('17_21.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'17_21_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Net indicated mean effective pressure(in bar)

+imepn=wlep-plep

+//Dead cycles per minute

+Dc=(N/2)-Wc

+//Frictional power(in kW)

+fp=((imepn*10^5*0.25*%pi*D^2*L*Wc)-(pfm*10^5*0.25*%pi*D^2*L*Dc))/60000

+//Indicated power(in kW)

+ip=(imepn*10^5*0.25*%pi*D^2*L*0.5*N)/60000

+//Brake power(in kW)

+bp=ip-fp

+//Mechanical efficiency

+nm=bp/ip*100

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nBrake power:%f\n",bp)

+printf("\nMechanical efficiency:%f\n",nm)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH17/EX17.22/17_22.sce b/443/CH17/EX17.22/17_22.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9ef35e640
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH17/EX17.22/17_22.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('17_22.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'17_22_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Stoichiometric air fuel ratio

+AF=(C1*(32/12)+H*(8/1))/0.23

+//Molecular weight of air(in kg/mol)

+M=0.23*32+0.77*28

+//Actual air fuel ratio

+AFa=AF*(1+(Ac))

+//From nitrogen balance no of moles

+d=0.79*(AFa/M)

+//From carbon balance

+a=C1/12

+//From hydrogen balance

+b=H/2

+//From oxygen balance

+c=(0.21*(AFa/M))-a-(b/2)

+//Volumetric composition of dry exhaust gases

+//Volumetric comp of CO2

+A=a/(a+d+c)*100

+//Volumetric comp of O2

+B=b/(a+d+c)*100

+//Volumetric comp of N2

+C=c/(a+d+c)*100

+//Indicated power(in kW)

+ip=bp/nm

+//Heat input(in kJ/min)

+H=ip*60/nith

+//Fuel flow(in kg/min)

+mf=H/CV

+//Air flow(in kg/min)

+ma=mf*AFa

+//Volume of air(in m^3/min)

+Van=ma*Va

+//Swept volume(in m^3/min)

+Vs=Van/nm

+//Diameter of engine(in m)

+D=((Vs*4*2)/(%pi*N*K*1.5))^(1/3)

+//Stroke of the engine(in m)

+L=1.5*D

+printf("\n\n\RESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nVolumetric composition of dry exhaust gases\n")

+printf("\nVolumetric comp of CO2:%f\n",A)

+printf("\nVolumetric comp of N2:%f\n",C)

+printf("\nVolumetric comp of O2:%f\n",B)

+printf("\nBore of the engine:%f\n",D)

+printf("\nStroke of the engine:%f\n",L)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH17/EX17.23/17_23.sce b/443/CH17/EX17.23/17_23.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5d97c9d65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH17/EX17.23/17_23.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('17_23.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'17_23_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Air standard efficiency

+nas=1-(1/r^(y-1))

+//Indicaed hermal efficiency

+nith=nrel*nas

+//Calorific value of fuel(in kJ/kgK)

+CV=(3600)/(nith*isfc)

+//Indicated power(in kW)

+ip=(pim*10^5*L*0.25*%pi*D^2*0.5*N*K)/60000

+//Fuel consumption(in kg/h)

+Fc=isfc*ip

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nCalorific value of the fuel:%f\n",CV)

+printf("\nFuel consumption:%f\n",Fc)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH17/EX17.24/17_24.sce b/443/CH17/EX17.24/17_24.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3cd2556d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH17/EX17.24/17_24.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('17_24.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'17_24_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Indicated when 1st cylinder was inoperational(in kW)

+ip1=bp1234-bp234

+//Indicated when 2nd cylinder was inoperational(in kW)

+ip2=bp1234-bp134

+//Indicated when 3rd cylinder was inoperational(in kW)

+ip3=bp1234-bp124

+//Indicated when 4th cylinder was inoperational(in kW)

+ip4=bp1234-bp123

+//Total indicated power(in kW)

+ip1234=ip1+ip2+ip3+ip4

+//Mechanical efficiency

+nm=bp1234/(ip1234)*100

+//Brake mean effective pressure(in bar)

+pbm=(bp1234*60000)/(L*0.25*%pi*D^2*0.5*N*K)*10^-5

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nTotal indicated power:%f\n",ip1234)

+printf("\nMechanical efficiency:%f\n",nm)

+printf("\nBrake mean effective pressure:%f\n",pbm)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH17/EX17.25/17_25.sce b/443/CH17/EX17.25/17_25.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1d0f1f208
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH17/EX17.25/17_25.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('17_25.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'17_25_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Average power output when all cylinders fire(in kW)

+Pavg=(P1+P2)*0.5*(N/180)

+//Power output bp when kth cylinder is cutoff

+ip1=Pavg-(N/180)*W1

+ip2=Pavg-(N/180)*W2

+ip3=Pavg-(N/180)*W3

+ip4=Pavg-(N/180)*W4

+ip5=Pavg-(N/180)*W5

+ip6=Pavg-(N/180)*W6

+ip7=Pavg-(N/180)*W7

+ip8=Pavg-(N/180)*W8

+ip9=Pavg-(N/180)*W9

+ip10=Pavg-(N/180)*W10

+ip11=Pavg-(N/180)*W11

+ip12=Pavg-(N/180)*W12

+//Total indicated power(in kW)

+ip=ip1+ip2+ip3+ip4+ip5+ip6+ip7+ip8+ip9+ip10+ip11+ip12

+//Mechanical efficency

+nm=Pavg/ip*100

+//Brake mean effective pressure(in bar)

+bmep=(Pavg*60000)/(L*0.25*%pi*D^2*N*K)*10^-5

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nTotal indicated power:%f\n",ip)

+printf("\nMechanical efficiency:%f\n",nm)

+printf("\nBrake mean effective pressure:%f\n",bmep)

diff --git a/443/CH17/EX17.27/17_27.sce b/443/CH17/EX17.27/17_27.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3325059a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH17/EX17.27/17_27.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('17_27.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'17_27_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Assuming 760mm of Hg=1bar,Gas pressure(in bar)

+Pf=1+(100/13.6)*(1/76)

+//Volume of coal gas at NTP(in m^3/min)

+Vcg=v*(Pf/Pa)*(Ta/T)

+//Volume of gas used per explosion=Extra air missed per cycle(in m^3)

+Vcge=Vcg/F

+//Volume of air taken at NTP

+Va=(m*R*Ta)/(Pa*10^5) 

+//Volume together with missed cycles(in m^3)

+V=(Va-Nm*Vcge)/Ntot

+//Total volume of charge at NTP(in m^3)

+Vtot=V+Vcge

+//Displacement volume(in m^3)

+Vs=0.25*%pi*D^2*L

+//Volumetric efficiency

+nv=Vtot/Vs*100

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nTotal volume of charge at NTP:%f\n",Vtot)

+printf("\nVolumetric efficiency:%f\n",nv)

diff --git a/443/CH17/EX17.28/17_28.sce b/443/CH17/EX17.28/17_28.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b9704e5fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH17/EX17.28/17_28.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('17_28.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'17_28_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Indicated power(in kW)

+ip=((imepg-imepp)*10^5*L*0.25*%pi*D^2*(N/(45*2)))/60000

+//Heat supplied(in kJ/min)

+H=Vf*Pf*CV/45

+//Brake power(in kW)

+bp=(g*W*%pi*(Dd+Dr)*N)/(60000*T)

+//Mechanical efficiency

+nm=bp/ip*100

+//Heat equivalent of bp(in kJ/min)

+Hbp=bp*60

+//Heat lost in jacket cooling water(in kJ/min)

+Hc=(Vc*dwc*Cvw)/45

+//Unaccounted losses(in kJ/min)

+Hloss=H-(Hbp+Hc)

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nIndicated power:%f\n",ip)

+printf("\nHeat supplied:%f\n",H)

+printf("\nBrake power:%f\n",bp)

+printf("\nMechanical efficiency:%f\n",nm)

+printf("\nHeat equivalent of bp:%f\n",Hbp)

+printf("\nHeat lost in jacket cooling water:%f\n",Hc)

+printf("\nUnaccounted losses:%f\n",Hloss)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH17/EX17.3/17_3.sce b/443/CH17/EX17.3/17_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1bd974b31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH17/EX17.3/17_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('17_3.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'17_3_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Brake power

+bp=(2*%pi*N*T)/60000

+//Friction power

+fp=ip-bp

+//Percentage losses

+Loss=fp/bp*100

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nPercentage losses:%f\n",Loss)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH17/EX17.30/17_30.sce b/443/CH17/EX17.30/17_30.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a707d47cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH17/EX17.30/17_30.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('17_30.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'17_30_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Indicated power(in kW)

+ip=(pim*10^5*L*0.25*%pi*D^2*n)/(60000*T)

+//Brake power(in kW)

+bp=(g*W*%pi*(De)*N)/(60000*T)

+//Heat supplied(in kJ/min)

+H=Vg*CV/T

+//Heat equivalent of bp(in kJ/min)

+Hbp=bp*60

+//Heat lost in jacket cooling water(in kJ/min)

+Hc=(Vc*dwc*Cvw)/T

+//Volume of air used at NTP(in m^3)

+Va=v*(Ta/T2)*(Pg/760)

+//Mass of air used(in kg/min)

+ma=(Va*Pa)/T

+//Mass of gas at NTP(in kg/min)

+mg=(p*10^5*V)/(R*Ta*30)

+//Total mass of exhaust gas(in kg/min)

+m=ma+mg

+//Heat lost to exhaus gases(in kJ/min)

+Hex=m*(Tex-T2)*Ceg

+//Heat lost by radiation(in kJ/min)

+Hloss=H-(Hbp+Hc+Hex)

+//Mechanical efficiency

+nm=bp/ip*100

+//Indicated thermal efficiency

+nith=(ip*60)/H*100

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nHeat supplied:%f\n",H)

+printf("\nHeat equivalent of bp:%f\n",Hbp)

+printf("\nHeat lost in jacket cooling water:%f\n",Hc)

+printf("\nHeat lost to exhaust gases:%f\n",Hex)

+printf("\nHeat lost to radiation:%f\n",Hloss)

+printf("\nMechanical efficiency:%f\n",nm)

+printf("\nIndicated thermal efficiency:%f\n",nith)

diff --git a/443/CH17/EX17.31/17_31.sce b/443/CH17/EX17.31/17_31.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..048fe9624
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH17/EX17.31/17_31.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('17_31.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'17_31_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Heat supplied(in kJ/h)

+H=Vg*CV*60

+//Heat equivalent of bp(in kJ/hr)

+Hbp=bp*60*60

+//Heat lost in jacket cooling water(in kJ/hr)

+Hc=(Vc*dwc*Cvw)*60

+//Mass of gas used(in kg/min)

+mg=Vg*Pg

+//Mass of exhaust gases(in kg/min)

+m=ma+mg

+//Heat carried away by exhaust gases(in kJ/h)

+Hex=m*Ceg*(Tex-Ta)*60

+//Unaccounted losses(in kJ/h)

+Hloss=H-(Hbp+Hc+Hex)

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nHeat supplied:%f\n",H)

+printf("\nHeat equivalent of bp:%f\n",Hbp)

+printf("\nHeat lost in jacket cooling water:%f\n",Hc)

+printf("\nHeat lost to exhaust gases:%f\n",Hex)

+printf("\nHeat lost to radiation:%f\n",Hloss)

diff --git a/443/CH17/EX17.32/17_32.sce b/443/CH17/EX17.32/17_32.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..14939d26f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH17/EX17.32/17_32.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('17_32.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'17_32_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Indicated power(in kW)

+ip=(pim*10^5*L*0.25*%pi*D^2*N)/60000

+//Brake power(in kW)

+bp=(g*W*%pi*(De)*N)/60000

+//Heat supplied(in kJ/min)

+H=Vg*CV/60

+//Heat equivalent of bp(in kJ/min)

+Hbp=bp*60

+//Heat lost in jacket cooling water(in kJ/min)

+Hc=(Vc*dwc*Cpw)/60

+//H2O produced per kg of fuel burnt(in kg/min)

+mh=9*H2*Vg/60

+//Total mass of wet exhaust gas(in kg/min)

+m=(ma+Vg)/60

+//Mass of dry exhaust gases(in kJ/min)

+me=m-mh

+//Heat lost to dry exhaust gases(in kJ/min)

+Hexd=me*Cdeg*(Tex-Ta)

+//Heat carried away by exhaust gases in form of steam(in kJ/min)

+Hexs=mh*(100*Cpw+Ls+Cps*(Tsup-100)-2*Cpw*Ta)

+//Unaccounted losses(in kJ)

+Hloss=H-(Hbp+Hc+Hexd+Hexs)

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nIndicated power:%f\n",ip)

+printf("\nBrake power:%f\n",bp)

+printf("\nHeat supplied:%f\n",H)

+printf("\tpercent:%f\t",100)

+printf("\nHeat equivalent of bp:%f\n",Hbp)

+printf("\tpercent:%f\t",Hbp/H*100)

+printf("\nHeat lost in jacket cooling water:%f\n",Hc)

+printf("\tpercent:%f\t",Hc/H*100)

+printf("\nHeat lost to dry exhaust gases:%f\n",Hexd)

+printf("\tpercent:%f\t",Hexd/H*100)

+printf("\nHeat carried away by exhaust gases in form of steam:%f\n",Hexs)

+printf("\tpercent:%f\t",Hexs/H*100)

+printf("\nHeat lost to radiation:%f\n",Hloss)

+printf("\tpercent:%f\t",Hloss/H*100)

diff --git a/443/CH17/EX17.34/17_34.sce b/443/CH17/EX17.34/17_34.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..271a0ed5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH17/EX17.34/17_34.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('17_34.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'17_34_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Heat supplied(in kJ/min)

+H=Vg*CV/60

+//Heat equivalent of bp(in kJ/min)

+Hbp=bp*60

+//Heat lost in jacket cooling water(in kJ/min)

+Hc=(Vc*dwc*Cpw)

+//Heat lost by exhaust gases in exhaust calorimeter(in kJ/min)

+Hegc=mwc*Cpw*(Te2-Te1)

+//Mass of exhaust gases(in kg/min)

+meg=(AF+1)*Vg/60

+//Heat lost in exhaust gases(in kJ/min)

+Hdeg=meg*Cpeg*(Tex-Ta)

+//Total heat carried away by exhaust gases(in kJ/min)

+Heg=Hdeg+Hegc

+//Unaccounted losses(in kJ/min)

+Hloss=H-(Heg+Hbp+Hc)

+//Indicated thermal efficiency

+nith=(ip*60*100)/H

+//Brake thermal efficiency

+nbth=(bp*60*100)/H

+//Mechanical efficiency

+nm=bp/ip*100

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nHeat supplied:%f\n",H)

+printf("\nHeat equivalent of bp:%f\n",Hbp)

+printf("\nHeat lost in jacket cooling water:%f\n",Hc)

+printf("\nHeat lost to dry exhaust gases in exhaust calorimeter:%f\n",Hegc)

+printf("\nTotal heat carried away by exhaust gases:%f\n",Hdeg)

+printf("\nHeat carried away by exhaust gases:%f\n",Heg)

+printf("\nUnaccounted heat losses:%f\n",Hloss)

+printf("\nIndicated thermal efficiency:%f\n",nith)

+printf("\nBrake thermal efficiency:%f\n",nbth)

+printf("\nMechanical efficiency:%f\n",nm)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH17/EX17.35/17_35.sce b/443/CH17/EX17.35/17_35.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3fc939872
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH17/EX17.35/17_35.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('17_35.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'17_35_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Volume at end of compression stroke(in cc)

+V2=Vs/(r-1)

+//Volume at end of combustion stroke(in cc)

+V3=(Vs*x)+V2

+//Temperature at the end of combustion stroke(in K)

+T3=T2*(p3/p2)*(V3/V2)

+//Work done during compression(in kJ)

+W23=((p2+p3)/2*10^5*(V3-V2))*10^-6

+//Mixture mass(in kg)

+m=(p2*10^5*V2*10^-6)/(R*T2)

+//Increase in internal energy(in kJ)

+dE=m*(1-R)*(T3-T2)

+//Heat developed(in kJ)

+Q=dE+W23

+//Heat lost during explosion(in kJ/kg)

+Hloss=((1/(AF+1)*m*CV)-Q)/m

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nHeat lost during explosion:%f\n",Hloss)

diff --git a/443/CH17/EX17.4/17_4.sce b/443/CH17/EX17.4/17_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..91d15ecae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH17/EX17.4/17_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('17_4.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'17_4_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Indicated thermal efficiency of the engine

+nith=(P/(Vf*Pf*CV))*100

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nIndicated thermal efficiency:%f\n",nith)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH17/EX17.5/17_5.sce b/443/CH17/EX17.5/17_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bde767f53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH17/EX17.5/17_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('17_5.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'17_5_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Average brake power for 3 cylinders

+BPavg=(2*%pi*N*T)/60000

+//Average indicated power for 1 cylinder

+IPavg=BP-BPavg

+//Total indicated power

+IP=k*IPavg

+//Indicated specific fuel consumption

+isfc=bsfc*(BP/IP)

+//Fuel consumption

+mf=(isfc*IP)/(3600*1000)

+//Indicated thermal efficiency

+nith=IP/(mf*CV)*100

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nIndicated thermal efficiency:%f\n",nith)

+

diff --git a/443/CH17/EX17.6/17_6.sce b/443/CH17/EX17.6/17_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8c6bada79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH17/EX17.6/17_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('17_6.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'17_6_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Brake mean effective pressure

+pbm=(16*T)/(D^2*L)

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nBrake mean effective pressure:%f\n",pbm)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH17/EX17.7/17_7.sce b/443/CH17/EX17.7/17_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a894d76be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH17/EX17.7/17_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('17_7.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'17_7_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Brake mean effecive pressure(D and L remain same as previous problem)

+pbm=(P*60000)/(0.25*%pi*D^2*L*N*0.5)*10^-5

+//Torque developed by the engine

+T=(P*60000)/(2*%pi*N)

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nBrake mean effective pressure:%f\n",pbm)

+printf("\nTorque developed by the engine:%f\n",T)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH17/EX17.8/17_8.sce b/443/CH17/EX17.8/17_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5a40dcbb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH17/EX17.8/17_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('17_8.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'17_8_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Brake specific fuel consumption

+bsfc=(mf*3600)/(bp*1000)

+//Indicated specific fuel consumption

+isfc=bsfc*nm

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nBrake specific fuel consumption:%f\n",bsfc)

+printf("\nIndicated specific fuel consumption:%f\n",isfc)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH17/EX17.9/17_9.sce b/443/CH17/EX17.9/17_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dd7a33536
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH17/EX17.9/17_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('17_9.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'17_9_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Brake specific energy consumption(Power remains same as in the previous problem)

+bsec=(mf/bp)*CV*10^-3

+//Indicated specific energy consumption(mechanical efficiency remains same as in previous problem)

+isec=bsec*nm

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nBrake specific energy consumption:%f\n",bsec)

+printf("\nIndicated specific energy consumption:%f\n",isec)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH19/EX19.1/19_1.sce b/443/CH19/EX19.1/19_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..014aaf79c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH19/EX19.1/19_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('19_1.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'19_1_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Problem no 19.1

+//Swept Volume(in m^3/min)

+Vs=(3/1000)*(s/2)

+//Actual volume of air inducted(in m^3/min)

+Va=Vs*nv

+//Power developed (in kW)

+Po=Va*fia

+//Delivery pressure(in bar)

+pa=a*pr

+//Dilivery temperature from the compressor (in kelvin)

+td=t*((pa)^(0.4/1.4))

+//Actal temperature( in kelvin)

+tac=t+((td-t)/nc)

+//Engine intake temperature(in kelvin)

+ti=tac-5.6

+//Actual volume of air inducted corresponding to swept volume at atmospheric 

+//condition by the engine (in m^3/min)

+Vact =(Vs*pa*t/(a*ti))

+//Increase intake volume of air (dfia in m^3/min)

+dV=Vact-Va

+//Increase in ip due to supercharging (dip1 in kW)

+dip1=dV*fia

+//Increase in ip due to increase in intake pressure because of supercharging

+//(dip2 in kW)

+dip2=((pr-a)*(10^5)*Vs)/(60*1000)

+//Total increase in ip 

+dip=dip1+dip2

+//Mass of air deliverd by compressor / min

+ma=(pr*10^5*Vs)/(t*ti)

+//Power required to run the compressor (in kW)

+pr=(ma*Cp*(tac-t))/60

+//Net increase in bp 

+bp=dip-pr

+//Percentage increase 

+inc=(bp/Po)

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\n Percentage increase %f \n",inc*100)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH19/EX19.4/19_4.sce b/443/CH19/EX19.4/19_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..19daa2730
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH19/EX19.4/19_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('19_4.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'19_4_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Problem no 19.4 page 712

+//Consider naturally aspirated engine 

+//Break pressure

+bp1=pbm*Vs*n*10^5/60000

+//Indicated power

+ip1=bp1/nm

+//Efficiency ratio (nith/nair-std)

+nair1=nair-(1/std)

+//Indicated thermal efficiency

+nith1=nair1*nr

+//Mass flow rate fuuel mfna

+mfna=(ip1/nith1)*(3600/CV)

+//If the test duration is t hours then specific mass is given by

+//Consider supercharged engine

+bp2=(pbm1*(10^5)*Vs*n)/60000

+//Indicated power

+ip2=bp2/nm

+//Efficiency ratio

+nair2=nair-(1/std1)

+//Indicated thermal efficiency

+nith2=nair2*nr

+//Mass flow rate of fuel

+mfsc=(ip2/nith2)*(3600/CV)

+//Time (in hours)

+t=((1.67-1.44)/0.066)

+printf("For Naturally aspirated engine\n")

+printf("Break pressure : %f\n",bp1)

+printf("Consider the supercharged engine\n")

+printf("Break pressure %f\n",bp2)

+printf("Efficiency ratio: %f\n",nair2*100)

+printf("Time: %f\n",t)

diff --git a/443/CH2/EX2.1/2_1.sce b/443/CH2/EX2.1/2_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b9486d31f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH2/EX2.1/2_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('2_1.sce')
+filename=pathname+filesep()+'2_1_data.sci'
+exec(filename)
+//net rate of heat transfer
+IdQ=Q12+Q23+Q34+Q41
+//net rate of work transfer
+IdW=W12+W23+W34+W41
+if IdQ==IdW then printf("The above cycle satisfies the first law of thermodynamics")
+end
+//Thermal efficiency
+nth=IdW/(Q12+Q34)*100
+//Change in internal energy in each proces
+dU12=Q12-W12
+dU23=Q23-W23
+dU34=Q34-W34
+dU41=Q41-W41
+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")
+printf("\nnet rate of heat transfer:%f\n",IdQ)
+printf("\nnet rate of work transfer:%f\n",IdW)
+printf("\npower:%f\n",IdW)
+printf("\nthermal efficiency:%f\n",nth)
+printf("\nchange in internal energy in 1-2:%f\n",dU12)
+printf("\nchange in internal energy in 2-3:%f\n",dU23)
+printf("\nchange in internal energy in 3-4:%f\n",dU34)
+printf("\nchange in internal energy in 4-1:%f\n",dU41)
diff --git a/443/CH2/EX2.2/2_2.sce b/443/CH2/EX2.2/2_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..006686ab0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH2/EX2.2/2_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('2_2.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'2_2_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Heat lost to cooling water and environment per kg

+q=-(H*60)/m

+//Work done per kg

+w=(dU)*1000+(p1*V1-p2*V2)+0.5*(C1^2-C2^2)+q*1000

+//Work transfer per second

+W=(m*w)/60

+//Ratio of diameters

+Rd=sqrt((V1*C2)/(V2*C1))

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nheat lost by cooling water and environment:%f\n",-q)

+printf("\nwork done per kg:%f\n",w)

+printf("\nwork transfer per second:%f\n",W)

+printf("\npower input:%f\n",W)

+printf("\nratio of diameters:%f\n",Rd)

diff --git a/443/CH2/EX2.3/2_3.sce b/443/CH2/EX2.3/2_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fc01eb298
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH2/EX2.3/2_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('2_3.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'2_3_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//For N2

+p1=(m1*RN2*T)/V

+//For O2

+p2=(m2*RO2*T)/V

+//For CO2

+p3=(m3*RCO2*T)/V

+//Total pressure of the mixture

+p=p1+p2+p3

+//Gas constant of the mixture

+R=(m1*RN2+m2*RO2+m3*RCO2)/(m1+m2+m3)

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\npressure for N2:%f\n",p1)

+printf("\npressure for O2:%f\n",p2)

+printf("\npressure for CO2:%f\n",p3)

+printf("\ntotal pressure:%f\n",p)

+printf("\ngas consant of the mixture:%f\n",R)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH2/EX2.4/2_4.sce b/443/CH2/EX2.4/2_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..07629c298
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH2/EX2.4/2_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('2_4.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'2_4_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//No work is done by the part of the external boundary in contact with the bottle.only the moving part needs to be considered.Over this part pressure is uniform at 1.013*10^5 N/m^2

+//Work done 

+Wd=Patm*V

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nWork done:%f\n",Wd)

+//The work done is negative as the boundary is contracting
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH2/EX2.5/2_5.sce b/443/CH2/EX2.5/2_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fdd140265
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH2/EX2.5/2_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('2_5.sce')
+filename=pathname+filesep()+'2_5_data.sci'
+exec(filename)
+//work done
+Wd=patm*V
+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")
+printf("\nWork done:%f\n",Wd)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH20/EX20.2/20_2.sce b/443/CH20/EX20.2/20_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..64758211d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH20/EX20.2/20_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('20_2.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'20_2_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Problem no 20.2

+//Mass of air, Ma

+ma=ffr/far

+//Swept Volume Vs

+Vs=(%pi/4)*(d*d)*(120/1000)

+//Volume total Vtot

+Vtot=Vs*(cr/15)

+//Mass of air supplied

+mas=(ma/(60*s))

+//M(ref)

+mref=(Vtot*(ep/(r*t)))

+//Scavanging efficiency nsc

+nsc=mas/mref

+//Scavanging ratio

+scr=(a/(60*s*mref))

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nScavanging efficiency:%f\n",nsc)

+printf("\nScavanging ratio:%f\n",scr)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH20/EX20.3/20_3.sce b/443/CH20/EX20.3/20_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3f3bca9c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH20/EX20.3/20_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('20_3.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'20_3_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Question 20.3 

+//hydrogen ratio

+h=(26*1)/(12*12)

+//Fuel to air ratio 

+far=0.33*(1+h)*((CO2+CO)/N) 

+//Mass flow of air

+ma=ff/(far*60)

+//Volume total (in m3/cycle)

+Vtot=(%pi/4*(d*d)*(2*l)*(cr/(cr-1)))

+//Scavanger density

+psc=(ep/(r*t))

+//Theoretical mass flow

+tmf=psc*Vtot*s

+//Scavanger efficiency

+nsc=(ma/tmf)

+//Indicated mean effective pressure (in kN/m2)

+imep = (nsc*psc)*(cr/(cr-1))*(nith*far*CV)

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nScavanger efficiency: %f\n",nsc)

+printf("\nIndicated mean effective pressure %f\n",imep)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH20/EX20.4/20_4.sce b/443/CH20/EX20.4/20_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..68d9ccf78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH20/EX20.4/20_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('20_4.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'20_4_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Question 20.4 

+//psc (in kg/m3)

+psc=ep/(r*t)

+//Mass of air (in kg/cycle)

+ma=nsc*V*psc

+//Scavanging ratio Rsc

+Rsc=(cf/(s*V*psc))

+//Trapping efficiency ntr

+ntr=nsc/Rsc

+//Brake power (in kW)

+bp=((ma*CV*nbth*s*far)/60)

+//the bsfc (in kg/kWh)

+bsfc=(cf*60*far/(bp))

+//Short circuting (in kg/h)

+sc=(cf*(1-ntr)*(60*far))

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nbrake power: %f\n",bp)

+printf("\nthe bsfc %f\n",bsfc)

+printf("\nShort Circuting %f\n",sc)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH20/EX20.5/20_5.sce b/443/CH20/EX20.5/20_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c197293e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH20/EX20.5/20_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('20_5.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'20_5_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Question 20.5 page 715

+//Volume total (in m3/cycle)

+Vtot=k*(%pi/4)*(d*d)*(2*l)*(cr/(cr-1))

+//Scavanger Density (psc)

+psc=ep/(r*t)

+//Theortical mass flow rate (in kg/cycle)

+tmf=Vtot*psc

+//Actual mass flow rate (amr) (in kg/cycle)

+amr=nsc*tmf

+//Mass flow rate of air supplied by the blower (mfrb) (in kg/cycle)

+mfrb=Rsc*tmf

+//Actual temperature (dta) (in kelvin)

+dta=((300*((1.15/1)^0.286))-t)/0.75

+//New temperature (T2 in kelvin)

+T2=t+dta

+//Compressor work (in kW)

+Wc=((amr*dta*cp*s)/60)

+//V displacement (in m3/cycle)

+Vdisp=(k*(%pi/4)*(d*d*2*l))

+//Brake mean effective pressure (bmep in bar)

+bmep=bp*1000/(Vdisp*(s/60)*10^(5))

+//Total mechanical loss

+fp = 1.5*20

+ip =bp+fp

+//Fuel consumed per hour (mf)

+mf=bsfc*bp

+//Idicated thermal efficiency (nith)

+nith=(ip/(mf*CV))*100

+//Fuel-air ratio

+far=(mf/(60*720*Vtot))

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nIdicated thermal efficiency %f\n",nith)

+printf("\nFuel-air Ratio %f\n",far)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH3/EX3.1/3_1.sce b/443/CH3/EX3.1/3_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..047600367
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH3/EX3.1/3_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3_1.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'3_1_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Compression Ratio 

+r=((p2/p1)^(1/y))

+//Air Standard Efficiency

+n=1-(1/(r^(y-1)))

+printf("\n\nResults\n\n")

+printf("\n\nCompression ratio %f\n\n",r)

+printf("\n\nAir - Standard efficiency %f\n\n",n*100)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH3/EX3.10/3_10.sce b/443/CH3/EX3.10/3_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3c631b361
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH3/EX3.10/3_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3_10.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'3_10_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Otto cycle efficiency

+notto=(1-(1/r^(y-1)))*100

+e=(p3/p4n)^(1/y)

+//Efficiency of Atkinson cycle

+natk=(1-(y*(e-r))/(e^y-r^y))*100

+//Ratio of the efficiencies

+rn=natk/notto

+printf("\n\nRESULS\n\n")

+printf("\nOtto cycle efficiency:%f\n",notto)

+printf("\nEfficiency of Atkinson cycle:%f\n",natk)

+printf("\nRatio of the efficiencies:%f\n",rn)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH3/EX3.11/3_11.sce b/443/CH3/EX3.11/3_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c787c8622
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH3/EX3.11/3_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3_11.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'3_11_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Cutoff ratio

+rc=(x*(r-1)+1)

+//Air standard efficiency

+nas=1-((1/(r^(y-1)))*((rc^y-1)/(y*(rc-1))))

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nAir standard efficiency:%f\n",nas*100)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH3/EX3.12/3_12.sce b/443/CH3/EX3.12/3_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..871e5790a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH3/EX3.12/3_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3_12.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'3_12_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Swept volume(in cc)

+Vs=0.25*%pi*d^2*L

+//Compression ratio

+r=1+(Vs/Vc)

+//Cutoff ratio

+rc=((x*(r-1)+1))

+//Efficiency of diesel cycle

+n=1-((1/r^(y-1))*((rc^y-1)/(y*(rc-1))))

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nEfficiency of diesel engine:%f\n",n*100)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH3/EX3.13/3_13.sce b/443/CH3/EX3.13/3_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..37b58ca78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH3/EX3.13/3_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3_13.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'3_13_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Cutoff ratio

+rc=(p2/p1)^(1/y)/re

+//Temperature at the end of compression stroke(in K)

+T2=T1*(p2/p1)^((y-1)/y)

+//Temperature at the start of expansion stroke(in K)

+T3=T2*(rc)

+//Temperature at the end of expansion stroke(in K)

+T4=T3*(1/re)^(y-1)

+//Heat added(in kJ/kg)

+Ha=Cp*(T3-T2)

+//Heat rejected(in kJ/kg)

+Hr=Cv*(T4-T1)

+//Efficiency

+n=(Ha-Hr)/Ha*100

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nHeat added:%f\n",Ha)

+printf("\nHeat rejected:%f\n",Hr)

+printf("\nEfficiency:%f\n",n)

diff --git a/443/CH3/EX3.14/3_14.sce b/443/CH3/EX3.14/3_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2b6f6ffa4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH3/EX3.14/3_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3_14.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'3_14_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Air standard efficiency of diesel cycle

+n=1-((1/(r^(y-1)*y))*(((r/re)^y-1)/(((r/re)-1))))

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nEfficiency of diesel engine:%f\n",n*100)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH3/EX3.15/3_15.sce b/443/CH3/EX3.15/3_15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2afe0f375
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH3/EX3.15/3_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3_15.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'3_15_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Efficiency of diesel cycle

+n=1-((1/(r^(y-1)*y))*(((rc^y)-1)/((rc-1))))

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nEfficiency of diesel engine:%f\n",n*100)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH3/EX3.16/3_16.sce b/443/CH3/EX3.16/3_16.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d84d04425
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH3/EX3.16/3_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3_16.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'3_16_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Pressure at he end of compression stroke(in bar)

+p2=p1*(r)^y

+//Pressure at the end of expansion stroke(in bar)

+p4=p2*(rc/r)^y

+//Mean effective pressure(in bar)

+pm=(1/(r-1))*((p2*(rc-1))+((p2*rc-p4*r)/(y-1))-(p2-(p1*r))/(y-1))

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\np2:%f\n",p2)

+printf("\np4:%f\n",p4)

+printf("\nMean effective pressure:%f\n",pm)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH3/EX3.17/3_17.sce b/443/CH3/EX3.17/3_17.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6733f1d6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH3/EX3.17/3_17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3_17.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'3_17_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Temperature at the end of compression stroke(in K)

+T2=r^((Cp/Cv)-1)*T1

+//Temperature at he start of expansion stroke(in K)

+T3=CV/(AF*Cp)+T2

+//Cutoff ratio

+rc=T3/T2

+//Efficiency of diesel cycle

+n=1-(1/(y*r^(y-1))*(((rc^y)-1)/(rc-1)))

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nEfficiency of diesel cycle:%f\n",n*100)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH3/EX3.18/3_18.sce b/443/CH3/EX3.18/3_18.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..60a9da2ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH3/EX3.18/3_18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3_18.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'3_18_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Compression ratio

+r=(p2/p1)^(1/y)

+//Temperature at end of compression(in K)

+T2=r^(y-1)*T1

+//Temperature at start of expansion stroke(in K)

+T3=(Hs/Cp)+T2

+//Cutoff ratio

+rc=T3/T2

+//Efficiency of diesel cycle

+n=1-(1/(y*r^(y-1))*(((rc^y)-1)/(rc-1)))

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nCompression ratio:%f\n",r)

+printf("\nTemperature at end of compression:%f\n",T2)

+printf("\nTemperature at start of expansion stroke:%f\n",T3)

+printf("\nEfficiency of diesel cycle:%f\n",n*100)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH3/EX3.19/3_19.sce b/443/CH3/EX3.19/3_19.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4ca8a4e5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH3/EX3.19/3_19.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3_19.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'3_19_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Compression ratio

+r=1+rsc

+//Pressure at end of compression stroke(in bar)

+p2=r^y*p1

+//Temperature at end of compression(in K)

+T2=r^(y-1)*T1

+//Pressure at start of expansion stroke(in bar)

+p3=p2

+//Cutoff ratio

+rc=T3/T2

+//Expansion ratio

+re=r/rc

+//Temperature at end of expansion stroke(in K)

+T4=T3/(re^(y-1))

+//Pressure at end of expansion stroke(in bar)

+p4=p3/re^y

+//Efficiency of diesel cycle

+ncyc=(1-((Cv*(T4-T1))/(Cp*(T3-T2))))*100

+//Work output(in kJ/kg)

+W=Cp*(T3-T2)-Cv*(T4-T1)

+//Gas constant(in kJ/kgK)

+R=Cp-Cv

+//Initial volume(in m^3)

+V1=((1+rsc)/rsc)*k*0.25*%pi*d^2*L

+//Mass flow rate of air(in kg/s)

+ma=(p1*10^5*V1*N)/(R*1000*T1*2)

+//Power output(in kW)

+P=W*ma

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nCompression ratio:%f\n",r)

+printf("\nPressure at end of compression stroke:%f\n",p2)

+printf("\nTemperature at end of compression:%f\n",T2)

+printf("\nPressure at start of expansion stroke:%f\n",p3)

+printf("\nTemperature at end of expansion stroke:%f\n",T4)

+printf("\nPressure at end of expansion stroke:%f\n",p4)

+printf("\nEfficiency of diesel cycle:%f\n",ncyc)

+printf("\nPower output:%f\n",P)

+

diff --git a/443/CH3/EX3.2/3_2.sce b/443/CH3/EX3.2/3_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..78a14a98b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH3/EX3.2/3_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3_2.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'3_2_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Compression Ratio

+r=(t2/t1)^(1/(y-1))

+//Efficiency of otto cycle

+notto = 1-(t1/t2)

+printf("\n\nResults:\n\n")

+printf("\n\nCompression Ratio: %f\n\n",r)

+printf("\n\nAir Standard Efficiency On Ideal Otto Cycle : %f\n\n",notto*100)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH3/EX3.20/3_20.sce b/443/CH3/EX3.20/3_20.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9f70435c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH3/EX3.20/3_20.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3_20.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'3_20_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Pressure at the end of compression stroke(in N/m^2)

+p2=r^y*p1*10^5

+//Pressure at start of expansion stroke(in N/m^2)

+p3=p2

+//Cutoff ratio

+pm*(r-1)=p3*(rc-1)+((p3*rc-(p3/r^y)*rc^1.4)/(y-1))-((p3-(p3/r^y)*r)/(y-1))

+//Air standard efficiency

+n=1-(1/(y*r^(y-1))*(((rc^y)-1)/(rc-1)))

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nCutoff ratio:%f\n",rc)

+printf("\nAir standard efficiency:%f\n",n*100)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH3/EX3.21/3_21.sce b/443/CH3/EX3.21/3_21.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..46fab56ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH3/EX3.21/3_21.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3_21.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'3_21_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Ratio of specific heats

+y=Cp/Cv

+//Temperature at end of compression stroke(in K)

+T2=(r^(y-1))*T1

+//Pressure at the end of compression stroke(in bar)

+p2=(r^y)*p1

+//Temperature at start of constant pressure heat addition(in K)

+T3=(p3*T2)/p2

+//Cutoff ratio

+rc=T4/T3

+//Heat supplied(in kJ)

+Hs=Cv*(T3-T2)+Cp*(T4-T3)

+//Temperature at end of expansion stroke(in K)

+T5=T4*(rc/r)^(y-1)

+//Heat rejected per kg(in kJ)

+Hr=Cv*(T5-T1)

+//Work output per kg(in kJ)

+W=Hs-Hr

+//Efficiency of dual cycle

+ndual=W/Hs*100

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nTemperature at start of constant pressure heat addition:%f\n",T3)

+printf("\nCutoff ratio:%f\n",rc)

+printf("\nHeat supplied:%f\n",Hs)

+printf("\nTemperature at end of expansion stroke:%f\n",T5)

+printf("\nWork output per kg:%f\n",W)

+printf("\nEfficiency of dual cycle:%f\n",ndual)

diff --git a/443/CH3/EX3.22/3_22.sce b/443/CH3/EX3.22/3_22.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..05ac7564a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH3/EX3.22/3_22.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3_22.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'3_22_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Ratio of specific heats

+y=Cp/Cv

+//Temperature at end of compression stroke(in K)

+T2=(r^(y-1))*T1

+//Pressure at the end of compression stroke(in bar)

+p2=(r^y)*p1

+//Temperature at start of constant pressure heat addition(in K)

+T3=(p3*T2)/p2

+//Heat added during constant volume combustion(in kJ/kg)

+Hav=Cv*(T3-T2)

+//Heat added during constant pressure combustion(in kJ/kg)

+Hap=Htot-Hav

+//Temperature at end of constant pressure heat addition(in K)

+T4=(Hap/Cp)+T3

+//Cutoff ratio

+rc=T4/T3

+//Temperature at end of expansion stroke(in K)

+T5=T4*(rc/r)^(y-1)

+//Pressure at end of expansion stroke(in bar)

+p5=p4*(rc/r)^y

+//Heat rejected(in kJ/kg)

+Hr=Cv*(T5-T1)

+//Efficiency of dual cycle

+n=(Htot-Hr)/Htot

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nPressure at the end of compression stroke:%f\n",p2)

+printf("\nTemperature at end of compression stroke:%f\n",T2)

+printf("\nTemperature at start of constant pressure heat addition:%f\n",T3)

+printf("\nTemperature at end of constant pressure heat addition:%f\n",T4)

+printf("\nTemperature at end of expansion stroke:%f\n",T5)

+printf("\nPressure at end of expansion stroke:%f\n",p5)

+printf("\nEfficiency of dual cycle:%f\n",n*100)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH3/EX3.23/3_23.sce b/443/CH3/EX3.23/3_23.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9093391b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH3/EX3.23/3_23.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3_23.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'3_23_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Ratio of specific heats

+y=Cp/Cv

+//Cutoff ratio

+rc=r/re

+//Temperature at end of compression stroke(in K)

+T2=(r^(n-1))*T1

+//Pressure at the end of compression stroke(in bar)

+p2=(r^n)*p1

+//Temperature at start of constant pressure heat addition & heat liberated at constant pressure is twice the heat liberated at constant volume(in K)

+T3=(2*T2)/(y*((2/y)-(rc-1)))

+//Temperature at start of expansion stroke(in K)

+T4=rc*T3

+//Pressure at start of constant pressure heat addition(in bar)

+p3=(T3/T2)*p2

+//Pressure at end of constant pressure heat addition(in bar)

+p4=p3

+//Temperature at end of expansion stroke(in K)

+T5=T4/(re^(n-1))

+//Pressure at end of expansion stroke(in bar)

+p5=p4/(re^n)

+//Mean effective pressure(in bar)

+pm=((((p3*rc-p5*r)/(n-1))+(p3*(rc-1))-((p2-p1*r)/(n-1)))/(r-1))

+//Work done(in kJ/kg)

+w=(pm*(r-1)*10^5*m*R*T1)/(p1*r*10^5)*10^-3

+//Heat supplied(in kJ/kg)

+qs=Cv*(T3-T2)+Cp*(T4-T3)

+//Efficiency of dual cycle

+n=w/qs*100

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nMean effecive pressure:%f\n",pm)

+printf("\nEfficiency of dual cycle:%f\n",n)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH3/EX3.24/3_24.sce b/443/CH3/EX3.24/3_24.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e6b49559e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH3/EX3.24/3_24.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3_24.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'3_24_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Efficiency of Otto cycle

+notto=1-(1/r^(y-1))

+//Heat supplied(in kJ/s)

+qs=P/notto

+//No of cycles per second

+Nc=N/(2*60)

+//Net work output per cycle per cylinder(in kJ)

+W=P/(k*Nc)

+//Mean effective pressure(in N/m^2)

+pm=W*1000/Vs

+//Temperature at end of compression stroke(in K)

+T2=T1*(r)^(y-1)

+//Heat supplied per cycle per cylinder(in kJ)

+q23=qs/(k*Nc)

+//Volume flow of air(in m^3/kg)

+v1=(R*T1)/(p1*10^5)

+//Volume at start of compression stroke(in m^3)

+V1=(Vs*r)/(r-1)

+//Mass flow rate(in kg)

+m=V1/v1

+//Temperature rise resulting from heat addition(in K)

+T3=T2+(q23/(m*Cv))

+//Now considering diesel cycle

+//Temperature rise resulting from heat addition(in K)

+T3d=(q23/(m*Cp))+T2

+//Cutoff ratio

+rc=T3d/T2

+//Air standard efficiency

+nd=1-(1/(y*r^(y-1))*(((rc^y)-1)/(rc-1)))

+//Power output(in kW)

+Pd=nd*qs

+//Power ouput per cylinder

+Pn=Pd/k

+//Work done per cycle per cylinder(in kJ)

+Wd=Pn/Nc

+//Mean effective pressure(in N/m^2)

+pmd=Wd*1000/Vs

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nEfficiency of Otto cycle:%f\n",notto*100)

+printf("\nHeat supplied:%f\n",qs)

+printf("\nMean effective pressure:%f\n",pm)

+printf("\nTemperature rise resulting from heat addition:%f\n",T3)

+printf("\nTemperature rise resulting from heat addition for diesel cycle:%f\n",T3d)

+printf("\nAir standard efficiency:%f\n",nd*100)

+printf("\nMean effective pressure:%f\n",pmd)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH3/EX3.25/3_25.sce b/443/CH3/EX3.25/3_25.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2d0720b4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH3/EX3.25/3_25.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3_25.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'3_25_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Volume flow(in m^3/kg)

+v1=(R*T1)/(p1*10^5)

+//Temperature at end of compression stroke(in K)

+T2=T1*(r)^(y-1)

+//Pressure at the end of compression stroke(in bar)

+p2=(r^y)*p1

+//Temperature at start of constant pressure heat addition(in bar)

+T3=(p3/p2)*T2

+//Heat supplied at constant volume(in kJ/kg)

+qv=Cv*(T3-T2)

+//Heat supplied at constant pressure(in kJ/kg)

+qp=Hs-qv

+//Temperature at start of expansion stroke(in K)

+T4=T3+(qp/Cp)

+//Volume flow at start of expansion(in m^3/kg)

+v4=(v1/r)*(T4/T3)

+//Temperature at end of expansion stroke(in K)

+T5=T4*(v4/v1)^(y-1)

+//Heat rejected(in kJ/kg)

+Hr=Cv*(T5-T1)

+//Work done(in kJ/kg)

+W=Hs-Hr

+//Efficiency of dual cycle

+n1=W/Hs

+//Mean effective pressure(in bar)

+pm=(W*10^3)/(v1*(1-(1/r)))*10^-5

+//Temperature rise resulting from heat addition(in K)

+T3v=(Hs/(Cv))+T2

+//Pressure at end of heat addition process(in bar)

+p3v=T3v*(p2/T2)

+//Temperature at end of expansion stroke(in K)

+T4v=T3v*((1/r)^(y-1))

+//Heat rejected(in kJ/kg)

+Hrv=Cv*(T4v-T1)

+//Work done(in kJ)

+Wv=Hs-Hrv

+//Efficiency of constant volume cycle

+n2=Wv/Hs

+//Mean effective pressure(in bar)

+pm2=(Wv*1000)/((1-(1/r))*v1)*10^-5

+//If the gases were expanded isentropically to their original pressure of p1bar then temperature T6 at the end of expansion would be(in K)

+T6=T3v*(p1/p3v)^((y-1)/y)

+//Heat rejected at constant pressure(in kJ/kg)

+Hr1=Cp*(T6-T1)

+//Increase in work(in kJ/kg)

+Win=Hrv-Hr1

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nEfficiency of dual cycle:%f\n",n1*100)

+printf("\nMean effective pressure:%f\n",pm)

+printf("\nEfficiency of constant volume cycle:%f\n",n2*100)

+printf("\nMean effective pressure:%f\n",pm2)

+printf("\nIncrease in work:%f\n",Win)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH3/EX3.3/3_3.sce b/443/CH3/EX3.3/3_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..31a932b63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH3/EX3.3/3_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3_3.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'3_3_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//For Process 1 and 2

+//Compression Ratio 

+r=(p2/p1)^(1/y)

+//Efficiency 

+n=1-((1/r)^(y-1))

+//Final Temperature (in kelvin)

+t2=(p2*t1)/(p1*r) 

+//For Process 2 and 3

+t3=(p3 /p2)*t2

+//Heat Supplied

+qs=Cv*(t3 - t2)

+//Work Done (in kJ/ kG)

+w=n*qs

+//Volume flow at inlet(in m^3/kg)

+v1=R*(t1/(29*p1*10^5))

+//Swept Volume 

+Vs=(r-1)/(r)*v1

+//Mean Effective Pressure (in N/m2)

+pm=(w*10^3)/Vs*10^-5

+printf("\n\nResults\n\n")

+printf("\n\nEfficiency: %f\n\n ",n*100)

+printf("\n\nMean Effective Pressure : %f \n\n",pm)

diff --git a/443/CH3/EX3.4/3_4.sce b/443/CH3/EX3.4/3_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8a750bd65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH3/EX3.4/3_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3_4.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'3_4_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+z=(p2/p1)^(1/n)

+//Compression ratio

+r=((yn*z)-x)/(yn-(x*z))

+// Air Standard Efficiency 

+nastd=1-(1/(r^(y-1)))

+//Relative Efficiency = Indicated Efficiency / Air Standard Efficiency

+nith=nr*nastd 

+//Fuel Consumption (in kg/KWH) isfc = m/ip where m ( is in kg/sec)

+a=1/(CV*nith)

+isfc=a*3600

+printf ("\n\nResults \n\n")

+printf("z:%f",z)

+printf("\n\nr:%f\n",r)

+printf("\n\nAir Standard Efficiency :  %f\n\n",nastd*100)

+printf("\nIndicated Thermal Efficiency :  %f\n\n",nith*100)

+printf(" \n\nFuel Consumption:  %f\n\n",isfc)

diff --git a/443/CH3/EX3.5/3_5.sce b/443/CH3/EX3.5/3_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..153cf37c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH3/EX3.5/3_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3_5.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'3_5_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Stroke Volume vs (in cc)

+Vs=(%pi*d*d*L)/4

+//Compression Ratio r 

+r=1+(Vs/Vc)

+//Ratio Of SPecific Heats 

+y=Cp/Cv

+//Air Standard Efficiency

+n=1-(1/r^(y-1))

+printf("\n\nResults\n\n")

+printf("\nStroke Volume: %f\n",Vs)

+printf("\nCompression Ratio: %f\n",r)

+printf("\nRatio Of Specific Heats: %f\n",y)

+printf("\nAir Standard Efficiency: %f\n",n*100)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH3/EX3.6/3_6.sce b/443/CH3/EX3.6/3_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9f13d7f7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH3/EX3.6/3_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3_6.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'3_6_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Pressure at end of compression stroke(in N/m^2)

+p2=(r^y)*p1*10^5

+//Temperature at the end of compression sroke(in K)

+T2=(r^(y-1))*300

+//Temperature at start of expansion stroke(in N/m^2)

+T3=((p3*10^5)/p2)*T2

+//Pressure at the end of expansion sroke(in N/m^2)

+p4=p3/(r^(y))*10^5

+//Temperature at the end of expansion stroke(in K)

+T4=T3/(r^(y-1))

+//Efficiency of Otto cycle

+notto=(1-1/(r^(y-1)))*100

+//Mean effective pressure(in bar)

+pm=(1/((r-1)*(y-1)))*(((p3*10^5)-p4*r)-(p2-(p1*10^5*r)))*10^-5

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nPressure at end of compression stroke:%f\n",p2)

+printf("\nTemperature at the end of compression sroke:%f\n",T2)

+printf("\nTemperature at start of expansion stroke:%f\n",T3)

+printf("\nPressure at the end of expansion sroke:%f\n",p4)

+printf("\nTemperature at the end of expansion stroke:%f\n",T4)

+printf("\nEfficiency of Otto cycle:%f\n",notto)

+printf("\nMean effecive pressure:%f\n",pm)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH3/EX3.7/3_7.sce b/443/CH3/EX3.7/3_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b2271a109
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH3/EX3.7/3_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3_7.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'3_7_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Pressure at end of compression stroke(in N/m^2)

+p2=(r^y)*p1*10^5

+//Temperature at the end of compression sroke(in K)

+T2=(r^(y-1))*T1

+//Temperature at start of expansion stroke(in N/m^2)

+T3=(qs/Cv)+T2

+//Peak pressure(in N/m^2)

+p3=(T3/T2)*p2

+//Temperature at end of expansion stroke(in K)

+T4=T3/(r^(y-1))

+//Work output per kg(in kJ)

+W=(((y*Cv)-Cv)/(y-1))*((T3-T4)-(T2-T1))

+//Efficiency of otto cycle

+notto=(1-(1/r^(y-1)))*100

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nTemperature at start of expansion stroke:%f\n",T3)

+printf("\nPeak pressure:%f\n",p3)

+printf("\nWork output per kg:%f\n",W)

+printf("\nEfficiency of otto cycle:%f\n",notto)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH3/EX3.8/3_8.sce b/443/CH3/EX3.8/3_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..42c61675a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH3/EX3.8/3_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3_8.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'3_8_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Volume at start of compression stroke(in m^3)

+V1=(m*R*T1)/(M*p1*10^5)

+//Pressure at end of compression of sroke(in bar)

+p2=p1*r^y

+//Volume at end of compression stroke(in m^3)

+V2=V1/r

+//Temperature at end of compression stroke(in K)

+T2=(p2/p1)*(V2/V1)*T1

+//Volume at start of expansion(in m^3)

+V3=V2

+//Temperature at start of expansion stroke(in K)

+T3=(p3*T2)/p2

+//Pressure at end of expansion stroke(in bar)

+p4=p3*(V3/V1)^y

+//Volume at end of expansion(in m^3)

+V4=V1

+//Temperature at end of expansion(in m^3)

+T4=T1*(p4/p1)

+//Specific heat at constant volume(in kJ/kgK)

+Cv=R/(M*(y-1))

+//Heat supplied per unit mass(in kJ)

+Hs=Cv*(T3-T2)

+//Heat Rejected per unit mass(in kJ)

+Hr=Cv*(T4-T1)

+//Ratio of heat supplied and rejected

+Rsr=Hs/Hr

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nVolume at start of compression stroke:%f\n",V1)

+printf("\nPressure at end of compression of sroke:%f\n",p2)

+printf("\nVolume at end of compression stroke:%f\n",V2)

+printf("\nTemperature at end of compression stroke:%f\n",T2)

+printf("\nVolume at start of expansion:%f\n",V3)

+printf("\nTemperature at start of expansion stroke:%f\n",T3)

+printf("\nPressure at end of expansion stroke:%f\n",p4)

+printf("\nVolume at end of expansion:%f\n",V4)

+printf("\nTemperature at end of expansion:%f\n",T4)

+printf("\nRatio of heat supplied and rejected:%f\n",Rsr)

diff --git a/443/CH3/EX3.9/3_9.sce b/443/CH3/EX3.9/3_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b41175c92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH3/EX3.9/3_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3_9.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'3_9_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Temperature at end of compression(in K)

+T2=T1*(p2/p1)^((y-1)/y)

+//Theoretical thermal efficiency

+n=1-(T1/T2)

+//Heat supplied(in kJ/kg)

+qs=Cv*(T3-T2)

+//Work done per kg of air(in kJ/kg)

+w=n*qs

+//Pressure at start of expansion stroke(in bar)

+p3=p2*(T3/T2)

+//Pressure at the end of expansion stroke(in bar)

+p4=p3*(p1/p2)

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nTheoretical thermal efficiency:%f\n",n*100)

+printf("\nHeat supplied:%f\n",qs)

+printf("\nWork done per kg of air:%f\n",w)

+printf("\nPressure at start of expansion stroke:%f\n",p3)

+printf("\nPressure at the end of expansion stroke:%f\n",p4)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH4/EX4.1/4_1.sce b/443/CH4/EX4.1/4_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..511844b05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH4/EX4.1/4_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('4_1.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'4_1_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Change in efficiency with respect to efficiency

+//z=dn/n

+n=1-((1/r)^(y-1))

+z=-((1-n)*(y-1)*log(8)*(dCv))/n

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nThe effect of efficiency on Otto cycle is %f",z*100)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH4/EX4.2/4_2.sce b/443/CH4/EX4.2/4_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..218d7cb50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH4/EX4.2/4_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('4_2.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'4_2_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Efficiency 

+n=1-(((1/y)*(1/(r^(y-1)))*((rc^y)-1)/(rc-1)))

+//Effect on efficiency

+z=-((dCv)*((1-n)/n)*(y-1))*((1/y)+(log (r))-((rc^y)*(log (rc)))/((rc^y)-1))

+printf("\n\nRESULT\n\n")

+printf("\nEffect of efficiency of diesel cycle : %f",z*100)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH4/EX4.3/4_3.sce b/443/CH4/EX4.3/4_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6733dd451
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH4/EX4.3/4_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('4_3.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'4_3_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Question 4.3

+//New Pressure(in bar)

+p2=p1*(rc^n)

+//New temperature(in kelvin)

+t2=(t1)*(p2/p1)*(1/rc)

+//Average temperature(in kelvin)

+//t=(t3+t2)/2

+//Heat transfer(in mJ)

+Q23=CV/AF

+//Finding t3 using formula Q23=Cvmean*m*(t3-t2)(in bar)

+m=poly([(y/2) x (-((Q23*AF)/(AF+1))-(t2*x)-(0.5*y*(t2^2)))],"t3",["roots"])

+printf("\nt3:%f\n",roots(m))

+//Pressure p3(in bar)

+p3=p2*(t3/t2)

+//For constant specific heat

+t32=((Q23*1000)/(Cv*m))+t2

+//Pressure p32 (in bar)

+p32=p2*(t32/t2)

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nFor variable specific heat\n")

+printf("\nt2:%f\n",t2)

+printf("\nQ23:%f\n",Q23)

+printf("\nPressure: %f\n",p3)

+printf("\nFor constant specific heat\n")

+printf("\nPressure:%f\n",p32)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH8/EX8.1/8_1.sce b/443/CH8/EX8.1/8_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..31f0a9111
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH8/EX8.1/8_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('8_1.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'8_1_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Pressure at outlet(in bar)

+p2=(1-(C2/Vc)^2/(2*Cp*T1))^(y/(y-1))*p1

+//Volume at inlet(in m^3/kg)

+v1=(R*T1)/(p1*10^5)*1000

+//Volume at outlet(in m^3/kg)

+v2=v1*(p1/p2)^(1/y)

+//Throat area(in cm^2)

+A2=(ma*v2)/(C2*60)*10^4

+//Outlet diameter(in cm)

+d2=sqrt((A2*4)/%pi)

+//Change in air pressure(in bar)

+dpa=p1-p2

+//change in fuel pressure(in bar)

+dpf=pd*dpa

+//Area of orifice(in cm^2)

+Af=(mf*10^4)/(60*Cf*sqrt(2*Pf*1000*dpf*10^5))

+//Diameter of orifice(in mm^2)

+df=sqrt((Af*4)/%pi)

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nPressure at outlet:%f\n",p2)

+printf("\nVolume at inlet:%f\n",v1)

+printf("\nVolume at outlet:%f\n",v2)

+printf("\nThroat area:%f\n",A2)

+printf("\nOutlet diameter:%f\n",d2)

+printf("\nChange in air pressure:%f\n",dpa)

+printf("\nChange in fuel pressure:%f\n",dpf)

+printf("\nArea of orifice:%f\n",Af)

+printf("\nDiameter of orifice:%f\n",df)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH8/EX8.2/8_2.sce b/443/CH8/EX8.2/8_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d16143d42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH8/EX8.2/8_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('8_2.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'8_2_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//swept volume(in m^3)

+Vs=0.25*%pi*D^2*L*10^-6*k

+//Volume sucked per second(m^3/s)

+V=nv*Vs*(N/2)

+//Mass of air sucked in per second(in kg/s)

+ma=V*Pa

+//Since initial temperature and pressure are not given problem has to be solved neglecting compressibility of air

+//Suction at throat(in N/m^2)

+dpa=(1/(2*Pa))*(ma/(Cd*A2))^2

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nSwept volume:%f\n",Vs)

+printf("\nVolume sucked in per second:%f\n",V)

+printf("\nMass of air sucked in per second:%f\n",ma)

+printf("\nSuction at throat:%f\n",dpa)

+

diff --git a/443/CH8/EX8.3/8_3.sce b/443/CH8/EX8.3/8_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cd1b9f821
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH8/EX8.3/8_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('8_3.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'8_3_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Actual volume of air sucked in per second(in m^3/s)

+V=nv*Vcyl*(N/2)*(1/60)

+//Volume flow at atmospheric conditions(in m^3/s)

+V1=V/2

+//Mass flow at atmospheric conditions(in kg/s)

+ma=(pa/(R*Ta))*(V1)

+//Pressure at throat(in bar)

+p2=(1-C2^2/(2*Cp*Ta))^(y/(y-1))*pa

+//Volume flow at choke

+V2=V1*(pa/p2)^(1/y)

+//Nominal choke area(in cm^2)

+A2=V2/(C2*Cda)*10^4

+//Diameter of choke tube when diameter of emulsion tube is one third that of choke tube

+D=sqrt((A2*4*9)/(8*%pi))

+//Mass flow of fuel(in kg/s)

+mf=ma/AF

+//Area of main jet(in cm^2)

+Af=mf/(Cdf*sqrt(2*Pf*(pa-p2-g*h*Pf)))*10^4

+//Diameter of main jet(in cm)

+d=sqrt((Af*4)/%pi)

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nActual volume of air sucked:%f\n",V)

+printf("\nmass flow at atmospheric conditions:%f\n",ma)

+printf("\npressure at throat:%f\n",p2)

+printf("\nVolume flow at choke:%f\n",V2)

+printf("\nNominal choke area:%f\n",A2)

+printf("\nDiameter of choke tube:%f\n",D)

+printf("\nArea of main jet:%f\n",Af)

+printf("\nDiameter of main jet:%f\n",d)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH8/EX8.4/8_4.sce b/443/CH8/EX8.4/8_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..45a28d7f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH8/EX8.4/8_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('8_4.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'8_4_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+h=0:6000

+h1=h/(1)

+[m n]=size(h1)

+for i=1:n

+//Temperature at h(in K)

+Tal(i)=Tsl-0.0065*(h1(i));

+//Variation in air pressure

+pal(i)=1/(10^(h1(i)/19200));

+//Density at sea level

+Psl=(psl*10^5)/(R*Tsl)

+//Density at height h

+Pal(i)=(pal(i)*10^5)/(R*Tal(i));

+//Air fuel ratio at height h

+AFal=AFsl*sqrt(Pal/Psl)

+end;

+//Plotting Air fuel ratio and Height

+plot(h1,AFal)

+legend(['Air fuel ratio';'Height']);

+xtitle('Air fuel ratio vs Height','Height(in m)','Airfuel ratio')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH8/EX8.5/8_5.sce b/443/CH8/EX8.5/8_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e52bbb097
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH8/EX8.5/8_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('8_5.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'8_5_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Air fuel ratio when nozzle tip is neglected

+AF=((Cda*Da^2)/(Cdf*Df^2))*sqrt(Pa/Pf)

+//Air fuel ratio when the nozzle tip is taken into account

+AFn=((Cda*Da^2)/(Cdf*Df^2))*sqrt(Pa/Pf)*sqrt(dp/(dp-Pf*g*hf*10^-5))

+//Minimum air velocity or critical air velocity required to start fuel flow when nozzle tip is provided(in m/s)

+Cmin=sqrt((2*g*hf*Pf)/Pa)

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nAir-fuel ratio when nozzle tip is neglected:%f\n",AF)

+printf("\nAir-fuel ratio when nozzle tip is taken into account:%f\n",AFn)

+printf("\nminimum air velocity required to start fuel flow:%f\n",Cmin)

+

diff --git a/443/CH8/EX8.6/8_6.sce b/443/CH8/EX8.6/8_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5cd4656e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH8/EX8.6/8_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('8_6.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'8_6_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//pressure drop at throat without air cleaner(in bar)

+dpa=pa-pt

+//Pressure at throat with air cleaner(in bar)

+ptn=pa-ph-dpa

+//pressure drop at throat with air cleaner(in bar)

+dpf=pa-(pa-ph-dpa)

+//New air fuel ratio

+AFn=AF*sqrt(dpa/dpf)

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nThroat pressure when air cleaner is fitted:%f\n",dpf)

+printf("\npressure at throat with air cleaner:%f\n",ptn)

+printf("\nNew air fuel ratio:%f\n",AFn)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH8/EX8.7/8_7.sce b/443/CH8/EX8.7/8_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1613d6f0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH8/EX8.7/8_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('8_7.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'8_7_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Volume flow rate of mixture per second(in m^3/s)

+V=0.25*%pi*D^2*L*10^-6*(N/(2*60))*k*nv

+//Air required for the stoichiometric mixture with 1kg fuel(kg/kg of fuel)

+ma=Ca*((PC/AtC)*32+(PH/AtH)*16)*(100/23.3)

+//volume flow rate of air(in m^3/kg)

+va=((R*1000*T)/(Pa*10^5))

+//Volume flow rate of fuel(in m^3/kg)

+vf=((Rf*1000*T)/(Pa*10^5))

+//mass flow rate of fuel(in kg/s)

+mf=V/(AF*va+vf)

+//Density of air at inlet(in kg/m^3)

+P1=(Pa*10^5)/(R*T*1000)

+//Pressure drop between inlet and venturi(in bar)

+dp=0.5*P1*C^2*(1-(ra)^2)*10^-5

+//Area of throat(in m^2)

+A2=((mf*AF)/(C*Cda*P1))

+//Diameter of throat(im m)

+D2=sqrt((A2*4)/%pi)

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nmass flow rate of fuel:%f\n",mf)

+printf("\ndiameter of throat:%f\n",D2)

diff --git a/443/CH9/EX9.1/9_1.sce b/443/CH9/EX9.1/9_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..60fabc89a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH9/EX9.1/9_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('9_1.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'9_1_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Fuel consumed per hour

+mft=bsfc*P

+//Fuel consumed per cylinder

+mf=mft/k

+//Fuel consmed per cycle(in kg)

+mfc=((mf/60)/(N/2))

+//Volume of fuel injected(in cc/cycle)

+V=mfc/Pf*10^3

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nFuel consumed per hour:%f\n",mft)

+printf("\nFuel consumed per cyliner:%f\n",mf)

+printf("\nFuel consumed per cycle:%f\n",mfc)

+printf("\nVolume of fuel injected:%f\n",V)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH9/EX9.2/9_2.sce b/443/CH9/EX9.2/9_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..46be7324f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH9/EX9.2/9_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('9_2.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'9_2_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Duration of injection

+t=Tc/(360*N/60)

+//Specific gravity 

+SG=141.5/(131.5+API)

+//Velocity of injection

+Vinj=Cd*sqrt((2*(pinj-pcyl)*10^5)/(SG*1000))

+//Vol of fuel injected per cycle

+V=((bsfc/60)*P)/((N/2)*(SG*1000))

+//Nozzle orifice area

+Af=V/(Vinj*t)

+//Orifice diameter

+d=sqrt((4*Af)/%pi) 

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\norifice diameter:%f\n",d)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH9/EX9.3/9_3.sce b/443/CH9/EX9.3/9_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f8276e2b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH9/EX9.3/9_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('9_3.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'9_3_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Power output per cylinder

+Pc=P/k

+//Fuel consumption per cylinder

+Fc=Pc*bsfc

+//Fuel injected per cycle

+mf=(Fc/60)/(N/2)

+//Time for injection

+t=(Tc*60)/(360*N)

+//Pressure at beginning

+dpb=P1-Pc1

+//Pressure at end

+dpe=P2-Pc2

+//Average pressure difference

+Pd=(dpb+dpe)/2

+//Velocity of injection

+Vinj=Cd*sqrt(2*((Pd)*10^5)/Pf)

+//Volume of fuel injected per cycle

+Vf=mf/(Pf)

+//Area  of orifice

+Af=Vf/(Vinj*t)

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nArea of orifice:%f\n",Af*10^6)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH9/EX9.5/9_5.sce b/443/CH9/EX9.5/9_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9758ed290
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH9/EX9.5/9_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('9_5.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'9_5_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//change in pressures

+dp1=pinj1-pcyl

+dp2=pinj2-pcyl

+//Time taken to penetrate the same distance

+t2=(rs)*t1*sqrt(dp1/dp2)

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nTime taken to penetrate the same distance:%f\n",t2)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH9/EX9.6/9_6.sce b/443/CH9/EX9.6/9_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..09462e132
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH9/EX9.6/9_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('9_6.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'9_6_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Fuel consumed

+mf=(P/k)*bsfc

+//Volume flow rate of fuel

+Vf=mf/(N/2)*(1/Pf)*10^6

+//Change in volume

+dv=Kcomp*(Vpb+Vin+Vpl)*(p2-p1)

+//Plunger displacement volume

+Vp=dv+Vf

+//Pump work

+Wp=0.5*(p2-p1)*10^5*dv*10^-6+(p2-pcyl)*10^5*Vf*10^-6

+//Power lost in pumping the fuel

+Ploss=(Wp/1000)*(N/2)

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nPlunger displacement volume:%f\n",Vp)

+printf("\nPower lost in pumping the fuel:%f",Ploss)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/CH9/EX9.7/9_7.sce b/443/CH9/EX9.7/9_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..68cf1056f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/CH9/EX9.7/9_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+pathname=get_absolute_file_path('9_7.sce')

+filename=pathname+filesep()+'9_7_data.sci'

+exec(filename)

+//Volume of fuel in delivery line

+Vdl=0.25*%pi*d^2*L

+//Change in volume during compression

+dv=K*(Vpb+Vdl+Vin)*(p2-p1)

+//Total displacement of plunger

+Vp=dv+Vdel

+//Effective stroke of plunger

+Ln=(Vp*4)/(%pi*dn^2)

+printf("\n\nRESULTS\n\n")

+printf("\nTotal displacement of plunger:%f\n",Vp)

+printf("\nEffective stroke of plunger:%f\n",Ln)

+

diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_11_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_11_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dd6ce5b70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_11_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//Compression ratio

+r=20;

+//Cutoff percent

+x=0.05;

+//Ratio of specific heats

+y=1.4;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_12_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_12_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..86121de5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_12_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Bore of the engine(in cm)

+d=25;

+//Stroke length(in cm)

+L=37.5;

+//Clearance volume(in cc)

+Vc=1500;

+//Cutoff percent

+x=0.05;

+//Ratio of specific heats

+y=1.4;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_13_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_13_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a02245386
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_13_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//Inlet pressure(in bar)

+p1=1;

+//Inlet temperature(in K)

+T1=290;

+//Pressure at the end of compression sroke(in bar)

+p2=35;

+//Expansion ratio

+re=5;

+//Ratio of specific heats

+y=1.4;

+//Specific heat at constant pressure(in kJ/kg)

+Cp=1.004;

+//Specific heat at constant volume(in kJ/kg)

+Cv=0.717;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_14_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_14_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2fbd51f88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_14_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//Compression ratio

+r=15;

+//Expansion ratio

+re=10;

+//Ratio of specific heats

+y=1.4;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_15_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_15_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1cc2d1d9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_15_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//Compression ratio

+r=15;

+//Cutoff ratio

+rc=1.75;

+//Ratio of specific heats

+y=1.4;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_16_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_16_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8c3de7dcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_16_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//Initial pressure(in bar)

+p1=1;

+//Compression ratio

+r=16;

+//Cutoff ratio

+rc=2;

+//Ratio of specific heats

+y=1.4;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_17_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_17_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..214f603e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_17_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//Air fuel ratio

+AF=50;

+//Temperature at the beginning of compression(in K)

+T1=333;

+//Compression ratio

+r=14;

+//Calorific value of fuel used(in kJ/kg)

+CV=42000;

+//Specific heat at constant pressure(in kJ/kgK)

+Cp=1.004;

+//Specific heat at constant volue(in kJ/kgK)

+Cv=0.717;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_18_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_18_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..927189545
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_18_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//Initial pressure(in bar)

+p1=1.03;

+//Temperature at the beginning of compression(in K)

+T1=300;

+//Pressure at start of expansion(in bar)

+p2=47;

+//Heat supplied during the cycle(in kJ/kg)

+Hs=545;

+//Specific heat a constant pressure(in kJ/kgK)

+Cp=1.004;

+//Ratio of specific heats

+y=1.4;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_19_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_19_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cbcf5f6a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_19_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//No of cylinder

+k=6;

+//Bore of the engine(in m)

+d=0.1;

+//Stroke of the engine(in m)

+L=0.12;

+//Speed of the engine(in rps)

+N=1800/60;

+//Ratio of stroke volume to clearance volume

+rsc=8;

+//Pressure at start of compression(in bar)

+p1=1.03;

+//Temperature at start of compression(in K)

+T1=273+35;

+//Temperature at start of expansion(in K)

+T3=1500+273;

+//Specific heat a constant pressure(in kJ/kgK)

+Cp=1.004;

+//Specific heat a constant volume(in kJ/kgK)

+Cv=0.717;

diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_1_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_1_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..411b12805
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_1_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//Ratio Of Specific Heats 

+y=1.4;

+//Initial Pressure (in bar)

+p1=1;

+//Pressure at end of compression stroke(in bar)

+p2=11;

diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_20_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_20_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e31b6a389
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_20_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//Mean effective pressure(in N/m^2)

+pm=8*10^5;

+//Compression ratio

+r=12;

+//Ratio of specific heats

+y=1.4;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_21_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_21_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c63a6ae1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_21_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//Compression ratio

+r=10;

+//Pressure at beginning of compression(in bar)

+p1=1;

+//Temperature at start of compression(in K)

+T1=300;

+//Maximum pressure reached(in bar)

+p3=42;

+//Maximum temperature(in K)

+T4=1500+273;

+//Specific heat at constant pressure(in kJ/kgK)

+Cp=1.004;

+//Specific heat at constant volume(in kJ/kgK)

+Cv=0.717;

diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_22_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_22_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..12110093a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_22_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Compression ratio

+r=10;

+//Maximum pressure(in bar)

+p4=70;

+p3=70;

+//Total heat supplied(in kJ/kg)

+Htot=1680;

+//Initial pressure(in bar)

+p1=1;

+//Initial temperature(in K)

+T1=373;

+//Specific heat at constant pressure(in kJ/kgK)

+Cp=1.004;

+//Specific heat at constant volume(in kJ/kgK)

+Cv=0.717;

diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_23_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_23_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..49979eedb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_23_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//Compression ratio

+r=8;

+//Compression and expansion process follow the law pv^1.3=const

+n=1.3;

+//Pressure at beginning of compression(in bar)

+p1=1;

+//Temperature at beginning of compression(in K)

+T1=300;

+//Specific heat at constant pressure(in kJ/kgK)

+Cp=1.004;

+//Specific heat at constant volume(in kJ/kgK)

+Cv=0.717;

+//Mass flow of air(in kg)

+m=1;

+//Gas constant(in J/kgK)

+R=287;

+//Expansion ratio

+re=5.3;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_24_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_24_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e1be1126a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_24_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//Swept volume(in m^3)

+Vs=300*10^-6;

+//Compression ratio of the engine

+r=10;

+//Speed of the engine(in rpm)

+N=3000;

+//Power output(in kW)

+P=40;

+//Pressure at inlet(in bar)

+p1=1;

+//Temperature a inlet(in K)

+T1=300;

+//Specific heat at constant volume(in kJ/kgK)

+Cv=0.717;

+//Specific heat at constant pressure(in kJ/kg)

+Cp=1.004;

+//No of cylinders

+k=4;

+//Gas constant(in J/kgK)

+R=287;

diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_25_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_25_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7c14c237c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_25_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//Compression ratio of the engine

+r=10;

+//Temperature at start of compression(in K)

+T1=310;

+//Pressure at start of compression(in bar)

+p1=1;

+//Amount of heat addded during the cycle(in kJ/kg)

+Hs=2730;

+//Maximum pressure(in bar)

+p3=70;

+//Gas constant(in J/kgK)

+R=287;

diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_2_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_2_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..61182cf8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_2_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//Initial Temperature (in kelvin)

+t1=323;

+//Temperature at end of compression(in kelvin)

+t2=646;

+//Ratio Of Specific Heats

+y=1.4;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_3_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_3_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6d9a00c7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_3_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//Pressure at end of compression stroke(in bar)

+p2=15;

+//Initial Pressure(in bar)

+p1=1;

+//Ratio Of Specific Heats

+y=1.4;

+//Initial Temperature(in Kelvin)

+t1=290;

+//Presure at start of expansion(in bar) 

+p3=40;

+//Specific Heat at Constant Volume (in kJ/kG K)

+Cv=0.717;

+//Gas constant(in J/kmolK)

+R=8314;

diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_4_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_4_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4544082d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_4_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//Volume at end of compression

+v2=1;

+//Pressure at x% of compression(in bar)

+p1=1.3;

+x=0.3

+//Pressure at y% of compression (in bar)

+p2=2.6;

+yn=0.7

+//Calorific Value (in kJ / kG)

+CV=42000;

+//Relative Efficiency

+nr=0.5;

+//Specific heat constant

+y=1.4;

+//Compression follows the law pv^1.3=const

+n=1.3;

+

diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_5_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_5_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a6b4bb163
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_5_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Diameter Of Cylinder (in cm)

+d=20;

+//Length Of Stroke(in cm)

+L=25;

+//Clearence Volume (in cc)

+Vc = 1570;

+//Specific Heat Of Gas at Constant Pressure (in kj/kg K)

+Cp=1.004;

+//Specific Heat Of Gas at Constant Volume (in kj/kg K)

+Cv=0.717;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_6_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_6_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..04ea302cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_6_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Compression ratio

+r=5.5;

+//Ratio specific heats for air

+y=1.4;

+//Pressure at beginning of compression(in bar)

+p1=1;

+//Temperature at beginning of compression(in K)

+T1=27+273;

+//Peak pressure(in bar)

+p3=30;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_7_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_7_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..06e577d17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_7_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//Compression ratio

+r=6;

+//Ratio specific heats for air

+y=1.4;

+//Pressure at beginning of compression(in bar)

+p1=1;

+//Temperature at beginning of compression(in K)

+T1=27+273;

+//Heat added during the constant volume combustion process(in kJ/kg)

+qs=1170;

+//Specific heat at constant volume(in kJ/kgK)

+Cv=0.717;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_8_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_8_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cbae142fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_8_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Mass flow

+m=1;

+M=29;

+//Gas constant(in J/kmolK)

+R=8314;

+//Initial temperature(in K)

+T1=310;

+//Compression ratio

+r=6;

+//Initial pressure(in bar)

+p1=1;

+//Peak pressure(in bar)

+p3=30;

+//Ratio of specific heats

+y=1.4;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_9_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_9_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5e25172da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/3_9_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//Pressure at beginning of compression(in bar)

+p1=1;

+//Temperature at beginning of compression(in K)

+T1=310;

+//Pressure at end of compression(in bar)

+p2=15;

+//Peak temperature(in K)

+T3=2000;

+//Ratio of specific heats

+y=1.4;

+//Gas constant(in J/kmolK)

+R=8314;

+//Specific heat at constant volume(in kJ/kgK)

+Cv=0.717;

diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/4_1_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/4_1_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..788823d3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/4_1_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//Compression ratio

+r=8;

+//Ratio of specific heats

+y=1.4;

+//Increase in Cv ie. dCv/Cv

+dCv=1.6/100;

diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/4_2_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/4_2_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d2bdc937a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/4_2_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Ratio of specific heats

+y=1.4;

+//rc = V3/V2

+rc=1.95;

+//Specific heat at constant volume(in kJ/kgK)

+Cv=0.717;

+//r=V1/V2

+r=20;

+//Increase in Cv ie. dCv/Cv 

+dCv=0.01;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/4_3_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/4_3_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9b5d5c075
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/4_3_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//Pressure at start of suction stroke(in bar)

+p1=1

+//Compression ratio

+rc=6;

+//Index of compression 

+n=1.3;

+//Temperature at start (in kelvin)

+t1=330;

+//Caloric Value (in kJ)

+CV=42000;

+//Air - fuel ratio

+AF=15;

+//Specific heat(in kJ)

+Cv=0.717;

+//Specific heat at constant volume varies accordind to the law Cvmean=x+y*T

+x=0.678;

+y=13*10^-5;

diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/8_1_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/8_1_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5ed448435
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/8_1_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+//mass of air flow(in kg/min)

+ma=5;

+//mass of fuel flow(in kg/min)

+mf=0.5;

+//specific gravity of fuel

+Pf=0.75;

+//pressure of air at inlet(in bar)

+p1=1;

+//temperature at inlet(in K)

+T1=300;

+//velocity coefficient

+Vc=0.8;

+//ratio of pressure drop of metering orifice to choke

+pd=0.8;

+//specific heat a constant pressure

+Cp=1005;

+//gas constant

+R=0.287;

+//coefficient of discharge of fuel

+Cf=0.6;

+//adiabatic constant

+y=1.4;

+//velocity at throat(in m/s)

+C2=100;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/8_2_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/8_2_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4ef1226b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/8_2_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Bore of the engine(in cm)

+D=10;

+//Length of stroke for square engine(in cm)

+L=10;

+//Number of cylinders

+k=4;

+//Volumetric effciency

+nv=0.75;

+//Speed(in rev/s)

+N=40;

+//Density of air

+Pa=1.15;

+//Coefficient of air flow

+Cd=0.75;

+//Area of orifice(in m^2)

+A2=0.25*%pi*0.03^2;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/8_3_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/8_3_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f7aad8d6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/8_3_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+//Volumetric efficiency

+nv=0.75;

+//Volume of cylinder(in m^3)

+Vcyl=1.7*10^-3;

+//speed of the engine(in rpm)

+N=5000;

+//Atmospheric pressure(in N/m^2)

+pa=1*10^5;

+//Gas constant(in J/kgK)

+R=0.287*10^3;

+//Ambient temperature(in K)

+Ta=300;

+//Velociy at outlet(in m/s)

+C2=100;

+//specific heat at constant pressure

+Cp=1005;

+//Adiabatic constant 

+y=1.4;

+//Pressure at inlet(in bar)

+p1=1;

+//Coefficient of discharge of venturi

+Cda=0.8;

+//Coefficient of discharge of main jet

+Cdf=0.65;

+//Air fuel ratio

+AF=14;

+//Density of gasoline(in kg/m^3)

+Pf=750;

+//Gravitational constant(in m/s^2)

+g=9.81;

+//Distance between gasoline surface and choke(in m)

+h=6*10^-3;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/8_4_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/8_4_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..856c713d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/8_4_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//Temperature at sea level(in K)

+Tsl=300;

+//Pressure at sea level(in bar)

+psl=1;

+//Air fuel ratio

+AFsl=15;

+//Gas constant(in J/kgK)

+R=287;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/8_5_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/8_5_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a6e4e605a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/8_5_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//Coefficient of air flow

+Cda=0.8;

+//Coefficient of fuel flow

+Cdf=0.65;

+//Diameter of throat(in mm)

+Da=20;

+//Diameter of orifice(in mm)

+Df=1.14;

+//Density of air(in kg/m^3)

+Pa=1.2;

+//Density of fuel(in kg/m^3)

+Pf=750;

+//Distance between gasoline surface and throat(in m)

+hf=5*10^-3;

+//Pressure drop across the throat(in bar)

+dp=0.08;

+//gravitational constant(in m/s^2)

+g=9.81;

diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/8_6_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/8_6_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..01f452377
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/8_6_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//Atmospheric pressure(in bar)

+pa=1;

+//Pressure at venturi throat(in bar)

+pt=0.8;

+//Pressure drop to air cleaner(in bar)

+ph=0.04;

+//Air fuel ratio

+AF=15;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/8_7_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/8_7_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2857fa22b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/8_7_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+//Bore of engine(in cm)

+D=10;

+//Length of stroke(in cm)

+L=9;

+//speed of engine(in rpm)

+N=4000;

+//percentage of carbon

+PC=0.845;

+//Percentage of hydrogen

+PH=0.155;

+//Atomic weight of carbon

+AtC=12;

+//Atomic weight of hydrogen

+AtH=2;

+//Gas constant for air(n kJ/kgK)

+R=0.287;

+//Gas constant for fuel(in kJ/kgK)

+Rf=0.09;

+//Ambient temperature(in K)

+T=300;

+//Ambient pressure(in bar)

+Pa=1;

+//Fuel air ratio

+FA=0.07;

+//Discharge coefficient of air

+Cda=0.8;

+//Ratio of area of venturi

+ra=0.8;

+//Coefficient of air mixture

+Ca=0.95;

+//Velocity at throat(in m/s)

+C=200;

+//No of cylinders

+k=4;

+//volumetric efficiency

+nv=0.85;

+//Air fuel ratio

+AF=14.23;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/9_1_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/9_1_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ccf46845f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/9_1_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Brake specific fuel consumption(in kg/kWh)

+bsfc=200*10^-3;

+//POwer output(in kW)

+P=125;

+//No of cylinders

+k=6;

+//Speed of the engine(in rpm)

+N=3000;

+//specific gravity of fuel

+Pf=0.85;

diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/9_2_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/9_2_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3881cff4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/9_2_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Crank travel(in degrees)

+Tc=25;

+//Speed(in rpm)

+N=2500;

+//API(in degree)

+API=30;

+//Coefficient of velocity

+Cd=0.875

+//Injection pressure(in bar)

+pinj=150;

+//Combustion chamber pressure(in bar)

+pcyl=40;

+//Power developed(in kW)

+P=25;

+//Specific fuel consumption(in kg/kWh)

+bsfc=0.3;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/9_3_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/9_3_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c9e7cda62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/9_3_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//Total power output(in kW)

+P=180;

+//No of cylinders

+k=4;

+//Speed of the engine(in rpm)

+N=1500;

+//Brake specific fuel consumption(in kg/kWh)

+bsfc=0.2;

+//Crank angle(in degree)

+Tc=15;

+//Injection pressure at beginning(in bar)

+P1=200;

+//Injection pressure at end(in bar)

+P2=500;

+//Pressure in cylinder at beginning(in bar)

+Pc1=30;

+//Pressure in cylinder at end(in bar)

+Pc2=50;

+//Coefficient of discharge

+Cd=0.7;

+//Density of fuel(in kg/m^3)

+Pf=0.875*1000;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/9_5_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/9_5_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ce6563c54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/9_5_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Since spray penetration remains the same

+rs=1;

+//Initial injection pressure(in bar)

+pinj1=150;

+//Final injection pressure(in bar)

+pinj2=250;

+//Initial time for injection(in ms)

+t1=20;

+//Pressure in cylinder(in bar)

+pcyl=25;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/9_6_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/9_6_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0149deeec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/9_6_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+//Power developed(in kW)

+P=100;

+//No of cylinders

+k=6;

+//Brake specific fuel consumption(in kg/kWs)

+bsfc=0.3/3600;

+//Speed of engine(in rps)

+N=1500/60;

+//Density of fuel(in kg/m^3)

+Pf=0.9*10^3

+//Coefficient of compressibility(per bar)

+Kcomp=80*10^-6;

+//Fuel in pump barrel(in cc)

+Vpb=4;

+//Fuel in injector(in cc)

+Vin=2;

+//Fuel in pipe line(in cc)

+Vpl=3;

+//Pressure in injector(in bar)

+p2=300;

+//Pressure in pump barrel(in bar)

+p1=1;

+//Pressure in cylinder(in bar)

+pcyl=40;

diff --git a/443/DEPENDENCIES/9_7_data.sci b/443/DEPENDENCIES/9_7_data.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fb5d3e397
--- /dev/null
+++ b/443/DEPENDENCIES/9_7_data.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//Volume of fuel in barrel(in cc)

+Vpb=6;

+//Diameter of fuel line(in cm)

+d=2.5/10;

+//Length of fuel line(in cm)

+L=60;

+//Volume of fuel in injection valve(in cc)

+Vin=2;

+//Injection pressure(in bar)

+p2=150;

+//Pump inlet pressure(in bar)

+p1=1;

+//Coefficient of compressibility

+K=75*10^-6;

+//Delivery volume(in cc)

+Vdel=0.10;

+//New diameter(in cm)

+dn=0.7;
\ No newline at end of file