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| author | prashantsinalkar | 2018-02-03 11:01:52 +0530 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | prashantsinalkar | 2018-02-03 11:01:52 +0530 |
| commit | 7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df (patch) | |
| tree | 449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8 /3869 | |
| parent | d1e070fe2d77c8e7f6ba4b0c57b1b42e26349059 (diff) | |
| download | Scilab-TBC-Uploads-master.tar.gz Scilab-TBC-Uploads-master.tar.bz2 Scilab-TBC-Uploads-master.zip | |
Diffstat (limited to '3869')
143 files changed, 2513 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1a2ae6dbe --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +d=0.08*10**-2 //distance between slits(m) +beta1=6*10**-4 //fringe width(m) +c=3*10**8 //velocity of light(m/sec) +new=8*10**11*10**3 //frequency(Hz) + +//Calculation +lamda=c/new //wavelength(m) +D=beta1*d/lamda //distance of screen from slits(m) + +//Result +printf("\n distance of screen from slits is %0.3f m",D) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..426e9f6de --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n=5 +lamda=4800*10**-10 //wavelength(m) +mew_mewdash=0.3 + +//Calculation +t=n*lamda/mew_mewdash //thcikness of glass plate(m) + +//Result +printf("\n thcikness of glass plate is %0.3f *10**-6 m",t*10**6) +printf("\n answer given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fb97a0949 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +v=0.2 //volume(cc) +a=1*10**4 //area(cm**2) +r=0 +n=1 +lamda=5.5*10**-5 //wavelength(cm) +t=2 + +//Calculation +d=v/a //thickness of film(cm) +mew=n*lamda/(2*t*cos(r)) //refractive index of oil + +//Result +printf("\n refractive index of oil is %0.2f *10**-5",mew*10**5) +printf("\n answer given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f44d0c1c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +mew=1.33 //refractive index +i=35*%pi/180 //angle of incidence(radian) +d=5*10**-5 //thickness(cm) +n1=1 //order +n2=2 //order +n3=3 //order +n4=4 //order + +//Calculation +r=180/%pi*asin(sin(i)/mew) //angle of reflection(degrees) +lamda1=2*mew*d*cos(r)/n1 //wavelength of light for 1st order(cm) +lamda2=2*mew*d*cos(r)/n2 //wavelength of light for 2nd order(cm) +lamda3=2*mew*d*cos(r)/n3 //wavelength of light for 3rd order(cm) +lamda4=2*mew*d*cos(r)/n4 //wavelength of light for 4th order(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength of light for 1st order is %0.1f *10**-5 cm",lamda1*10**5) +printf("\n answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors") +printf("\n wavelength of light for 2nd order is %0.2f *10**-5 cm",lamda2*10**5) +printf("\n wavelength of light for 3rd order is %0.2f *10**-5 cm",lamda3*10**5) +printf("\n wavelength of light for 4th order is %0.1f *10**-5 cm",lamda4*10**5) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.13/Ex1_13.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.13/Ex1_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ab53d7005 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.13/Ex1_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +x=15 //distance(cm) +d=0.005 //diameter(cm) +lamda=6000*10**-8 //wavelength(cm) + +//Calculation +alpha=d/x //angle(radian) +beta1=lamda/(2*alpha) //fringe width(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n fringe width is %0.3f cm",beta1) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.14/Ex1_14.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.14/Ex1_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6e8886acb --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.14/Ex1_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +alpha=0.01 //angle(radian) +n=10 +lamda=6000*10**-10 //wavelength(m) + +//Calculation +x=((2*n)-1)*lamda/(4*alpha) //distance from edge of the wedge(m) + +//Result +printf("\n distance from edge of the wedge is %0.3f *10**-4 m",x*10**4) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.15/Ex1_15.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.15/Ex1_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7477f39bc --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.15/Ex1_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=5460*10**-8 //wavelength(cm) +f=400 //focal length(cm) +n=5 +mew=1.5 //refractive index + +//Calculation +R=2*f*(mew-1) //radius(cm) +Dn=sqrt(2*((2*n)-1)*lamda*R) //diameter of 5th fringe(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n diameter of 5th fringe is %0.2f m",Dn) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..df0f2caeb --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +t=500*10**-9 //thickness(m) +f=400 //focal length(cm) +n1=0 +n2=1 +n3=2 +n4=3 +mew=1.33 //refractive index + +//Calculation +lamda1=4*mew*t/((2*n1)+1) //wavelength in infrared region(m) +lamda2=4*mew*t/((2*n2)+1) //wavelength in infrared region(m) +lamda3=4*mew*t/((2*n3)+1) //wavelength in visible region(m) +lamda4=4*mew*t/((2*n4)+1) //wavelength in ultraviolet region(m) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength in infrared region is %0.0f *10**-10 m",lamda1*10**10) +printf("\n wavelength in infrared region is %0.1f *10**-10 m",lamda2*10**10) +printf("\n wavelength in visible region is %0.0f *10**-10 m",lamda3*10**10) +printf("\n wavelength in ultraviolet region is %0.0f *10**-10 m",lamda4*10**10) +printf("\n of all the wavelengths reflected %0.3f angstrom is the wavelength in the visible region",lamda3*10**10) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.17/Ex1_17.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.17/Ex1_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d98865686 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.17/Ex1_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +i=60*%pi/180 //angle of incidence(radian) +mew=1.33 //refractive index +t=1.5*10**-6 //thickness(m) +lamda=5*10**-7 //wavelength(m) + +//Calculation +r=(180/%pi)*asin(sin(i)/mew) //angle of reflection(degrees) +r=(r)*%pi/180 //angle of reflection(degrees) + +n=2*mew*t*cos(r)/lamda //order of interference + +//Result +printf("\n order of interference is %0.3f ",n) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.18/Ex1_18.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.18/Ex1_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..09726848a --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.18/Ex1_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +mew=1.5 //refractive index +lamda=5890*10**-10 //wavelength(m) +r=60*%pi/180 //angle of reflection(radian) + +//Calculation +t=lamda/(2*mew*cos(r)) //smallest thickness of the plate(m) + +//Result +printf("\n smallest thickness of the plate is %0.0f angstrom",t*10**10) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.19/Ex1_19.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.19/Ex1_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..782778393 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.19/Ex1_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +D4=0.4 //diameter of 4th ring(cm) +D12=0.7 //diameter of 12th ring(cm) +p1=16 +p2=8 +n=4 + +//Calculation +x=n*p1/(n*p2) +D20=sqrt((D4**2)+(x*((D12**2)-(D4**2)))) //diameter of 20th dark ring(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n diameter of 20th dark ring is %0.3f cm",D20) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..405e85c3a --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda1=4200*10**-10 //wavelength(m) +beta11=0.64*10**-2 //first fringe width(m) +beta12=0.46*10**-2 //second fringe width(m) + +//Calculation +lamda2=lamda1*2*beta12/beta11 //wavelength of light source(m) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength of light source is %0.3f angstron",lamda2*10**10) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.20/Ex1_20.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.20/Ex1_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4c02b2552 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.20/Ex1_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +D10=1.4 //diameter of 10th ring(cm) +D10_dash=1.27 //changed diameter of 10th ring(cm) + +//Calculation +mew=(D10**2)/(D10_dash**2) //refractive index of the liquid + +//Result +printf("\n refractive index of the liquid is %0.3f ",mew) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.21/Ex1_21.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.21/Ex1_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f1e91c7b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.21/Ex1_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +D25=0.8 //diameter of 25th ring(cm) +D5=0.3 //diameter of 5th ring(cm) +p=25-5 +R=100 //radius of curvature(cm) + +//Calculation +Nr=(D25**2)-(D5**2) //numerator +Dr=4*p*R //denominator +lamda=Nr/Dr //wavelength of light used(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength of light used is %0.3f *10**-5 cm",lamda*10**5) +printf("\n answer given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.22/Ex1_22.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.22/Ex1_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1db21cd83 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.22/Ex1_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +w=0.02 //width(m) +theta=(%pi/180)*(18+(14/60)) //angle(radian) +n=1 +lamda=6.56*10**-7 //wavelength(m) + +//Calculation +M=w*sin(theta)/(n*lamda) //total number of lines in the grating + +//Result +printf("\n total number of lines in the grating is %0.1f ",M) +printf("\n answer given in the book varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.23/Ex1_23.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.23/Ex1_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4b1fa340e --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.23/Ex1_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=5890*10**-10 //wavelength(m) +mew=1.5 //refractive index +r=60*%pi/180 //angle of reflection(radian) + +//Calculation +t=lamda/(2*mew*cos(r)) //required thickness of plate(m) + +//Result +printf("\n required thickness of plate is %0.0f angstrom",t*10**10) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.25/Ex1_25.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.25/Ex1_25.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4e96a940c --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.25/Ex1_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=6500 //wavelength(m) +theta=30*%pi/180 //angle(radian) + +//Calculation +a=lamda/sin(theta) //value of slit width(angstrom) + +//Result +printf("\n value of slit width is %0.0f angstrom",a) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.27/Ex1_27.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.27/Ex1_27.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0b486c5e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.27/Ex1_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +t=500*10**-9 //thickness(m) +n1=0 +n2=1 +n3=2 +n4=3 +mew=1.33 //refractive index + +//Calculation +lamda1=4*mew*t/((2*n1)+1) //wavelength in infrared region(m) +lamda2=4*mew*t/((2*n2)+1) //wavelength in infrared region(m) +lamda3=4*mew*t/((2*n3)+1) //wavelength in visible region(m) +lamda4=4*mew*t/((2*n4)+1) //wavelength in ultraviolet region(m) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength in infrared region is %0.0f *10**-10 m",lamda1*10**10) +printf("\n wavelength in infrared region is %0.1f *10**-10 m",lamda2*10**10) +printf("\n wavelength in visible region is %0.0f *10**-10 m",lamda3*10**10) +printf("\n wavelength in ultraviolet region is %0.0f *10**-10 m",lamda4*10**10) +printf("\n of all the wavelengths reflected %0.3f angstrom is the wavelength in the visible region",lamda3*10**10) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.28/Ex1_28.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.28/Ex1_28.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d98865686 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.28/Ex1_28.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +i=60*%pi/180 //angle of incidence(radian) +mew=1.33 //refractive index +t=1.5*10**-6 //thickness(m) +lamda=5*10**-7 //wavelength(m) + +//Calculation +r=(180/%pi)*asin(sin(i)/mew) //angle of reflection(degrees) +r=(r)*%pi/180 //angle of reflection(degrees) + +n=2*mew*t*cos(r)/lamda //order of interference + +//Result +printf("\n order of interference is %0.3f ",n) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.29/Ex1_29.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.29/Ex1_29.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..09726848a --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.29/Ex1_29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +mew=1.5 //refractive index +lamda=5890*10**-10 //wavelength(m) +r=60*%pi/180 //angle of reflection(radian) + +//Calculation +t=lamda/(2*mew*cos(r)) //smallest thickness of the plate(m) + +//Result +printf("\n smallest thickness of the plate is %0.0f angstrom",t*10**10) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2b4195f7f --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +Y=1*10**-3 //distance between slits(m) +D=1 //distance between slit and screen(m) +d=1*10**-3 //point distance(m) +lamda=5893*10**-10 //wavelength(angston) + +//Calculation +delta1=Y*d/D //path difference(m) +Pd=2*%pi*delta1/lamda //phase difference(radian) +r=(cos(Pd/2))**2 //ratio of intensity +delta2=lamda/4 //path difference(m) +W=delta2*D/d //distance of point on screen from centre(m) + +//Result +printf("\n ratio of intensity is %0.4f ",r) +printf("\n distance of point on screen from centre is %0.3f *10**-4 m",W*10**4) +printf("\n answers in the book varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.30/Ex1_30.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.30/Ex1_30.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b2a42cb8f --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.30/Ex1_30.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +Dn=2*10**-3 //diameter of ring(m) +n=10 +lamda=500*10**-9 //wavelength(m) + +//Calculation +R=Dn**2/(4*n*lamda) //radius(m) +t=Dn**2/(8*R) //thickness of air film(m) + +//Result +printf("\n thickness of air film is %0.3f micro m",t*10**6) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.31/Ex1_31.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.31/Ex1_31.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d75d558fa --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.31/Ex1_31.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +D5=0.336*10**-2 //diameter of 5th ring(m) +D15=0.59*10**-2 //diameter of 15th ring(m) +m=10 +R=1 //radius of curvature(m) + +//Calculation +lamda=((D15**2)-(D5**2))/(4*m*R) //wavelength of light(m) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength of light is %0.0f nm",lamda*10**9) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.32/Ex1_32.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.32/Ex1_32.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5ec81f21d --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.32/Ex1_32.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +D10=0.5*10**-2 //diameter of 10th ring(m) +n=10 +lamda=5900*10**-10 //wavelength(m) + +//Calculation +R=D10**2/(4*n*lamda) //radius of curvature of lens(m) + +//Result +printf("\n radius of curvature of lens is %0.3f m",R) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.34/Ex1_34.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.34/Ex1_34.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4c02b2552 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.34/Ex1_34.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +D10=1.4 //diameter of 10th ring(cm) +D10_dash=1.27 //changed diameter of 10th ring(cm) + +//Calculation +mew=(D10**2)/(D10_dash**2) //refractive index of the liquid + +//Result +printf("\n refractive index of the liquid is %0.3f ",mew) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.36/Ex1_36.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.36/Ex1_36.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..803695ee4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.36/Ex1_36.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda1=6*10**-5 //wavelength(cm) +lamda2=4.5*10**-5 //wavelength(cm) +n1=21 + +//Calculation +n2=n1*lamda1/lamda2 //order + +//Result +printf("\n order is %0.3f ",n2) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.37/Ex1_37.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.37/Ex1_37.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..69346c14f --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.37/Ex1_37.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=51*10**-6 //wavelength(cm) +D=200 //separation between screen and slit(cm) +beta1=1 //fringe width(cm) +n=10 + +//Calculation +d=lamda*D/beta1 //slit separation(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n slit separation is %0.3f m",d*100) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.38/Ex1_38.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.38/Ex1_38.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4056482d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.38/Ex1_38.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +D=50 //separation between screen and slit(cm) +x=0.2 //fringe shift(cm) +d=0.1 //separation between slits(cm) +mew=1.58 //refractive index + +//Calculation +tow=x*d/(D*(mew-1)) //thickness of mica sheet(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n thickness of mica sheet is %0.3f *10**-4 cm",tow*10**4) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.39/Ex1_39.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.39/Ex1_39.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b80dbac81 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.39/Ex1_39.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=5000*10**-8 //wavelength(cm) +D=50 //separation between screen and slit(cm) +d=0.05 //separation between slits(cm) + +//Calculation +beta1=lamda*D/d //fringe width(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n fringe width is %0.3f cm",beta1) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3bf16c219 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +I1=10 //intensity(Wm**-2) +I2=25 //intensity(Wm**-2) + +//Calculation +a1bya2=sqrt(I1/I2) +ImaxbyImin=(a1bya2+1)**2/(a1bya2-1)**2 //ratio of maximum intensity to minimum intensity + +//Result +printf("\n ratio of maximum intensity to minimum intensity is %0.3f ",ImaxbyImin) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.40/Ex1_40.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.40/Ex1_40.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..03dbdd59d --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.40/Ex1_40.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +D=180 //separation between screen and slit(cm) +d=0.04 //separation between slits(cm) +beta1=0.3 //fringe width(cm) + +//Calculation +lamda=(beta1*d*10**4/D) //wavelength(cm) + + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength is %0.0f angstrom",lamda*10**4) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.41/Ex1_41.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.41/Ex1_41.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2617bd703 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.41/Ex1_41.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +D=80 //separation between screen and slit(cm) +d=0.1 //separation between slits(cm) +beta1=0.04 //fringe width(cm) + +//Calculation +lamda=beta1*d/D //wavelength(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength is %0.0f angstrom",lamda*10**8) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.42/Ex1_42.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.42/Ex1_42.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b80dbac81 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.42/Ex1_42.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=5000*10**-8 //wavelength(cm) +D=50 //separation between screen and slit(cm) +d=0.05 //separation between slits(cm) + +//Calculation +beta1=lamda*D/d //fringe width(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n fringe width is %0.3f cm",beta1) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.43/Ex1_43.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.43/Ex1_43.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4b0fe61ff --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.43/Ex1_43.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=7*10**-5 //wavelength(cm) +n=2 +mew=1.33 //refractive index + +//Calculation +t=(((2*n)+1)*lamda/2)/(2*mew) //thickness of soap film(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n thickness of soap film is %0.4f *10**-5 cm",t*10**5) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.45/Ex1_45.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.45/Ex1_45.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a925c0b3e --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.45/Ex1_45.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=5000*10**-8 //wavelength(cm) +n=16 +mew=1.56 //refractive index + +//Calculation +t=n*lamda/(mew-1) //thickness(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n thickness is %0.1f *10**-4 cm",t*10**4) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.46/Ex1_46.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.46/Ex1_46.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e5fc30b16 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.46/Ex1_46.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=6000*10**-8 //wavelength(cm) +n=1 +mew=1.5 //refractive index +r=50*%pi/180 //angle of refraction(radian) + +//Calculation +t=n*lamda/(2*mew*cos(r)) //least thickness of glass plate(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n least thickness of glass plate is %0.2f *10**-5 cm",t*10**5) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.47/Ex1_47.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.47/Ex1_47.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..66f69f4eb --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.47/Ex1_47.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=5000*10**-8 //wavelength(cm) +mew=1.5 //refractive index +beta1=1 //assume +S=6*beta1 + +//Calculation +t=S*lamda/(beta1*(mew-1)) //least thickness of glass plate(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n least thickness of glass plate is %0.0f *10**-4 cm",t*10**4) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.48/Ex1_48.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.48/Ex1_48.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5ca006e97 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.48/Ex1_48.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +D8=1.42 //diameter of 8th ring(cm) +D8dash=1.25 //changed diameter of 8th ring(cm) + +//Calculation +mew=D8**2/D8dash**2 //refractive index of liquid + +//Result +printf("\n refractive index of liquid is %0.2f ",mew) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.49/Ex1_49.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.49/Ex1_49.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cb6ac8fab --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.49/Ex1_49.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=6000*10**-8 //wavelength(cm) +n=1 +mew=1.33 //refractive index +r=0*%pi/180 //angle of incidence(radian) + +//Calculation +t=n*lamda/(2*mew*cos(r)) //thickness of thinnest film(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n thickness of thinnest film is %0.4f *10**-5 cm",t*10**5) +printf("\n answer given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.50/Ex1_50.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.50/Ex1_50.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f99ad92c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.50/Ex1_50.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=6000*10**-8 //wavelength(cm) +Dm=0.65 //diameter of 8th ring(cm) +Dn=0.35 //changed diameter of 8th ring(cm) + +//Calculation +R=(Dm**2-Dn**2)/(4*lamda) //radius of curvature of lens(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n radius of curvature of lens is %0.0f cm",R) +printf("\n answer given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.52/Ex1_52.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.52/Ex1_52.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bb16cbea1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.52/Ex1_52.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +m1=15 +n=5 +m2=25 +D15=0.62 //diameter of 15th ring(cm) +D5=0.3 //diameter of 5th ring(cm) + +//Calculation +x=D15**2-D5**2 +y=m1-n +z=m2-n +r=4*z/(4*y) +D25=sqrt((r*x)+(D5**2)) //diameter of 25th ring(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n diameter of 25th ring is %0.3f cm",D25) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.53/Ex1_53.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.53/Ex1_53.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6ed839acd --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.53/Ex1_53.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=5890*10**-8 //wavelength(cm) +Dm=0.590 //diameter of 8th ring(cm) +Dn=0.336 //changed diameter of 8th ring(cm) +m=15 +n=5 + +//Calculation +R=(Dm-Dn)/(4*lamda*(m-n)) //radius of curvature of lens(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n radius of curvature of lens is %0.1f cm",R) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.54/Ex1_54.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.54/Ex1_54.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..373e556a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.54/Ex1_54.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +R=70 //radius of curvature of lens(cm) +n=10 +Dn=0.433 //diameter of 10th dark ring(cm) + +//Calculation +lamda=Dn**2/(4*R*n) //wavelength of light(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength of light is %0.3f *10**-5 cm",lamda*10**5) +printf("\n answer given in the book varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..427e3cbb6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=500*10**-9 //wavelength(m) +D=2 //distance of screen from slits(m) +l=5*10**-2 //distance(m) +n=100 //number of fringes + +//Calculation +beta1=l/n +d=lamda*D/beta1 //distance between slits(m) + +//Result +printf("\n distance between slits is %0.0f mm",d*10**3) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..12e98edfa --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +d=0.2*10**-3 //distance between slits(m) +lamda=550*10**-9 //wavelength(m) +D=1 //distance of screen from slits(m) + +//Calculation +beta1=lamda*D/d //fringe width(m) + +//Result +printf("\n fringe width is %0.3f mm",beta1*10**3) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..99e20a38a --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n=10 +lamda=5460*10**-10 //wavelength(m) +d=0.1*10**-3 //distance between slits(m) +D=2 //distance of screen from slits(m) + +//Calculation +x10=n*lamda*D/d //distance from centre where 10th maximum is obtained(m) +tantheta1=x10/2 //angular position of 10th maximum(radian) +tantheta1=tantheta1*180/%pi //angular position of 10th maximum(degrees) +x1=lamda*D/(2*d) //distance from centre where 1st maximum is obtained(m) +tantheta2=x1/2 //angular position of 1st maximum(radian) +tantheta2=tantheta2*180/%pi //angular position of 1st maximum(degrees) + +//Result +printf("\n angular position of 10th maximum is %0.2f degrees",tantheta1) +printf("\n angular position of 1st maximum is %0.3f degrees",tantheta2) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fce22d923 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda1=650*10**-9 //wavelength(m) +lamda2=500*10**-9 //wavelength(m) +n1=10 +n2=13 +D=1 //distance(m) +d=0.5*10**-3 //seperation(m) + +//Calculation +x=n1*lamda1*D/d //least distance of the point from central maximum(m) + +//Result +printf("\n least distance of the point from central maximum is %0.0f mm",x*10**3) diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..422ca1ea8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=5*10**-5 //wavelength(cm) +k=2 //order +theta=30*%pi/180 //angle(radian) + +//Calculation +e=k*lamda/sin(theta) //number of lines(cm) +n=1/e //number of lines per centimeter + +//Result +printf("\n number of lines per centimeter is %0.3f ",n) +printf("\n answer given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9865eebe3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +d=2 //diffraction observed(m) +lamda=500*10**-9 //wavelength(m) +a=1.5*10**-3 //slit width(m) + +//Calculation +w=2*d*lamda/a //width of central maxima(m) + +//Result +printf("\n width of central maxima is %0.2f mm",w*10**3) diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..220138a82 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +d=2 //diffraction observed(m) +lamda=500*10**-9 //wavelength(m) +x=5*10**-3 //width of central maxima(m) + +//Calculation +a=d*lamda/x //slit width(m) + +//Result +printf("\n slit width is %0.3f mm",a*10**3) diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5eae2205f --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=6000*10**-10 //wavelength(m) +a=12*10**-7 //slit width(m) + +//Calculation +theta=asin(lamda/a)*180/%pi //half angular width(degrees) + +//Result +printf("\n half angular width is %0.0f degrees",theta) diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e59439bbd --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +b=0.8 //distance(mm) +a=0.16 //slit width(mm) +p1=1 +p2=2 +p3=3 + +//Calculation +nbyp=(a+b)/a //ratio of missing orders +n1=int(nbyp*p1) +n2=int(nbyp*p2) +n3=int(nbyp*p3) //missing orders + +//Result +printf("\n the orders %0.3f %0.3f %0.3f etc will be missing",n1,n2,n3) diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..22c221a9b --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +N=6000*10**2 //number of lines/m +m=3 //order +lamda1=500*10**-9 //wavelength(m) +lamda2=510*10**-9 //wavelength(m) + +//Calculation +sintheta1=m*N*lamda1 +theta1=asin(sintheta1)*180/%pi //angle(degrees) +sintheta2=m*N*lamda2 +theta2=asin(sintheta2)*180/%pi //angle(degrees) +theta=theta2-theta1 //angular separation(degrees) + +//Result +printf("\n angular separation is %0.2f degrees",theta) diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..910d827bb --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +N=15000/2.54*10**2 //number of lines/cm +lamda=600*10**-9 //wavelength(m) + +//Calculation +m=1/(N*lamda) //highest order that can be seen + +//Result +printf("\n highest order that can be seen is %0.3f ",m) diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.16/Ex2_16.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.16/Ex2_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8e08cf340 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.16/Ex2_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +N=10000/2*10**2 //number of lines/m +m=1 //order +lamda1=5890*10**-10 //wavelength(m) +lamda2=5896*10**-10 //wavelength(m) + +//Calculation +sintheta1=m*N*lamda1 +theta1=asin(sintheta1)*180/%pi //angle(degrees) +sintheta2=m*N*lamda2 +theta2=asin(sintheta2)*180/%pi //angle(degrees) +theta=theta2-theta1 //angular separation(degrees) + +//Result +printf("\n angular separation is %0.3f degrees",theta) diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.17/Ex2_17.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.17/Ex2_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..85aca5feb --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.17/Ex2_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +theta=15*%pi/180 //angle(radian) +lamda=6500*10**-8 //wavelength(cm) +n=1 //order + +//Calculation +a=n*lamda/sin(theta) //slit width(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n slit width is %0.2f *10**-4 cm",a*10**4) diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.18/Ex2_18.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.18/Ex2_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b47107b19 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.18/Ex2_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +theta=15*%pi/180 //angle(radian) +a=2.5*10**-6 //slit width(m) + +//Calculation +lamda=a*%pi*sin(theta)*10**10/(1.43*%pi) //wavelength of light(angstrom) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength of light is %0.0f angstrom",lamda) +printf("\n answer given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.19/Ex2_19.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.19/Ex2_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f75a4e917 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.19/Ex2_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n=2 //order +N=4250 //grating lines(lines/cm) +theta=30*%pi/180 //angle(radian) + +//Calculation +e=1/N +lamda=e*sin(theta)*10**8/n //wavelength of spectral line(angstrom) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength of spectral line is %0.0f angstrom",lamda) diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b48ef4a82 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=5000*10**-8 //wavelength(cm) +e=1/6000 //number of lines(cm) + +//Calculation +theta1=asin(lamda/e)*180/%pi //angle for 1st order(degrees) +theta2=asin(3*lamda/e)*180/%pi //angle for 3rd order(degrees) +theta=(theta2)-(theta1) //difference in angles of deviation(degrees) + + +//Result +printf("\n difference in angles of deviation is %0.3f degrees",theta) diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cf004ba32 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n=1 //order +a=1*10**-6 //slit width(m) +lamda=600*10**-9 //wavelength of spectral line(m) + +//Calculation +theta=asin(n*lamda/a)*180/%pi //angular separation(degrees) + +//Result +printf("\n angular separation is %0.4f degrees",theta) diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.21/Ex2_21.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.21/Ex2_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0f5770056 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.21/Ex2_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +N=10520 //grating lines(lines/cm) +theta=90*%pi/180 //angle(radian) +lamda=5*10**-5 //wavelength of spectral line(cm) + +//Calculation +e=1/N +n=e*sin(theta)/lamda //order + +//Result +printf("\n int((n)) orders can be seen") diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.22/Ex2_22.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.22/Ex2_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b8f4fbf77 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.22/Ex2_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +x=4.2*10**-3 //distance(m) +D=60*10**-2 //screen slit distance(m) +lamda=6000*10**-10 //wavelength(m) + +//Calculation +d=D*lamda/x //slit width(m) + +//Result +printf("\n slit width is %0.3f *10**-4 m",d*10**4) diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.23/Ex2_23.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.23/Ex2_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2c655e963 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.23/Ex2_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +N=15000/2.54 //number of lines(per cm) +lamda=6000*10**-8 //wavelength(cm) + +//Calculation +d=1/N //slit width(m) +m=d/lamda //possible order of spectra + +//Result +printf("\n possible order of spectra is %0.3f ",m) diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.24/Ex2_24.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.24/Ex2_24.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cc66f1557 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.24/Ex2_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +D=150 //slit screen distance(cm) +d=0.03 //separation(cm) +beta1=0.3 //fringe separation(cm) + +//Calculation +lamda=d*beta1*10**8/D //wavelength of light(angstrom) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength of light is %0.0f angstrom",lamda) diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a531810ae --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=5890*10**-5 //wavelength(cm) +dlamda=6*10**-5 //difference in wavelength(cm) +k=2 //order +w=2.5 //width(cm) + +//Calculation +N=lamda/(k*dlamda*w) //minimum number of lines per cm + +//Result +printf("\n minimum number of lines per cm is %0.2f ",N) +printf("\n answer given in the book varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b344a41ef --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=5890*10**-8 //wavelength(cm) +dlamda=6*10**-8 //difference in wavelength(cm) +w=2 //width(cm) +n=425 //number of lines on grating +k=2 //order + +//Calculation +N=w*n //number of lines on grating +N1=int((lamda/dlamda)) //number of lines required for resolution + +N2=int((lamda/(k*dlamda))) //number of lines required for resolution + + +//Result +printf("\n number of lines required for resolution is %0.3f and number of lines on grating is %0.3f ",N1,N) +printf("\n hence lines will not be resolved") +printf("\n number of lines required for resolution is %0.3f and number of lines on grating is %0.3f ",N2,N) +printf("\n hence lines will appear resolved") diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f0f58e016 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda1=5016*10**-8 //wavelength(cm) +lamda2=5048*10**-8 //difference in wavelength(cm) +k=2 //order +n=15000 //number of lines/inch + +//Calculation +e=2.54/n +theta1=asin(2*lamda1/e)*180/%pi //angle for 1st wavelength(degrees) +theta2=asin(2*lamda2/e)*180/%pi //angle for 2nd wavelength(degrees) +theta=int(60*(theta2-theta1)) //angle of separation(minutes) + +//Result +printf("\n angle of separation is %0.3f minutes",theta) diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..11a6cbc6b --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n=4000 //number of lines/cm +lamda=5000*10**-8 //wavelength(cm) +k=3 //order + +//Calculation +e=1/n +sintheta=k*lamda/e +costheta=sqrt(1-sintheta**2) +dthetabydlamda=k*n/costheta //dispersive power of grating + +//Result +printf("\n dispersive power of grating is %0.3f ",dthetabydlamda) diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..24c09c115 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n=5000 //number of lines/cm +lamda=6000*10**-8 //wavelength(cm) + +//Calculation +e=1/n +k=e/lamda //highest order of spectrum + +//Result +printf("\n highest order of spectrum is %0.3f ",k) diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a2fe3c220 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +theta=10*%pi/180 //angle(radian) +dtheta=3*%pi/(60*60*180) //difference of angle(radian) +dlamda=5*10**-9 //wavelength(cm) +k=2 + +//Calculation +lamda=sin(theta)*dlamda/(cos(theta)*dtheta) +lamdanew=lamda+dlamda //wavelength of lines(cm) +N=lamda/(dlamda*k) +Ne=N*k*lamda/sin(theta) //minimum grating width required(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength of lines is %0.1f *10**-8 cm",lamda*10**8) +printf("\n answer given in the book varies due to rounding off errors") +printf("\n minimum grating width required is %0.1f cm",Ne) diff --git a/3869/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce b/3869/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b0c5324df --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=500*10**-9 //wavelength(m) +mewe=1.553 //refractive index of e-ray +mew0=1.544 //refractive index of o-ray + +//Calculation +t=lamda/(2*(mewe-mew0)) //thickness of quartz half wave plate(m) + +//Result +printf("\n thickness of quartz half wave plate is %0.4f mm",t/10**-3) diff --git a/3869/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce b/3869/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d10be7090 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=589*10**-9 //wavelength(m) +mewe=1.553 //refractive index of e-ray +mew0=1.544 //refractive index of o-ray + +//Calculation +t=lamda/(4*(mewe-mew0)) //thickness of quartz half wave plate(m) + +//Result +printf("\n thickness of quartz half wave plate is %0.4f mm",t/10**-3) diff --git a/3869/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce b/3869/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d60cd5daf --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=600*10**-9 //wavelength(m) +mewe=1.5533 //refractive index of e-ray +mew0=1.5442 //refractive index of o-ray + +//Calculation +t=lamda/(4*(mewe-mew0)) //thickness of quartz half wave plate(m) + +//Result +printf("\n thickness of quartz half wave plate is %0.4f mm",t/10**-3) diff --git a/3869/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce b/3869/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c17850f82 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=589.3*10**-9 //wavelength(m) +mewe=1.65833 //refractive index of e-ray +mew0=1.48640 //refractive index of o-ray + +//Calculation +t1=lamda/(2*(mewe-mew0)) //thickness of half wave plate(m) +t2=lamda/(4*(mewe-mew0)) //thickness of quarter wave plate(m) + +//Result +printf("\n thickness of half wave plate is %0.7f mm",t1/10**-3) +printf("\n thickness of quarter wave plate is %0.6f mm",t2/10**-3) diff --git a/3869/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce b/3869/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8c18e93a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +t=0.9*10**-6 //thickness(m) +mewe=1.486 //refractive index of e-ray +mew0=1.658 //refractive index of o-ray + +//Calculation +lamda1=4*t*(mew0-mewe) //wavelength for half wave plate(m) +lamda2=2*t*(mew0-mewe) //wavelength for quarter wave plate(m) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength for half wave plate is %0.3f m",lamda1*10**9) +printf("\n wavelength for quarter wave plate is %0.3f mm",lamda2*10**9) diff --git a/3869/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/3869/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bc9539cc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +c=3*10**8 //velocity of light(m/sec) +lamda=6943*10**-10 //wavelength(m) +h=6.626*10**-34 //planck's constant(Jsec) +Kb=1.38*10**-23 //boltzmann constant +T=300 //temperature(K) + +//Calculation +new=c/lamda //frequency(Hz) +a=h*new/(Kb*T) +N1byN2=exp(a) //relative population + +//Result +printf("\n relative population is %0.3f *10**30",N1byN2/10**30) +printf("\n answer given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3869/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce b/3869/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b0d0277d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +c=3*10**8 //velocity of light(m/sec) +lamda=632.8*10**-9 //wavelength(m) +h=6.626*10**-34 //planck's constant(Jsec) +t=1 //time(sec) +P=2.3*10**-3 //power(W) +sa=1*10**-6 //spot area(m**2) + +//Calculation +new=c/lamda //frequency(Hz) +n=P*t/(h*new) //number of photons emitted(per sec) +Pd=P/sa //power density(kW/m**2) + +//Result +printf("\n number of photons emitted is %0.2f *10**15 photons/second",n/10**15) +printf("\n power density is %0.3f kW/m**2",Pd/10**3) diff --git a/3869/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce b/3869/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d2f9f06a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +c=3*10**8 //velocity of light(m/sec) +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge of electron(coulomb) +Eg=1.44*e //band gap energy(J) +h=6.626*10**-34 //planck's constant(Jsec) + +//Calculation +lamda=h*c/Eg //wavelength(m) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength is %0.0f angstrom",lamda*10**10) diff --git a/3869/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce b/3869/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b34eb7470 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=1.55 //peak emission wavelength(micro m) + +//Calculation +Eg=1.24/lamda //band gap(eV) + +//Result +printf("\n band gap is %0.3f eV",Eg) diff --git a/3869/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce b/3869/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c3b1e8604 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +c=3*10**8 //velocity of light(m/sec) +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge of electron(coulomb) +lamda=6943*10**-10 //wavelength(m) +h=6.6*10**-34 //planck's constant(Jsec) +kb=1.38*10**-23 //boltzmann constant +T=300 //temperature(K) + +//Calculation +Uv=h*c/(e*lamda) //energy(eV) +Uvj=Uv*e //energy(J) +x=Uvj/(kb*T) +NbyN0=exp(x) //relative population of 2 states + +//Result +printf("\n relative population of 2 states is %0.0f *10**29",NbyN0*10**-29) +printf("\n answer given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3869/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce b/3869/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ccb599d9d --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +c=2.998*10**8 //velocity of light(m/sec) +lamda=0.5*10**-9 //wavelength(m) +h=6.626*10**-34 //planck's constant(Jsec) +Kb=1.381*10**-23 //boltzmann constant +T=1000 //temperature(K) + +//Calculation +new=c/lamda //operating frequency(Hz) +new=new/10**3 //operating frequency(kHz) +new=(new/10**14)*10**14 + +x=h*new/(Kb*T) +B21byA21=1/(exp(x)-1) //ratio of emission + +//Result +printf("\n ratio of emission is %0.1f *10**-13",B21byA21*10**13) diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4c88ade83 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.50 //Core refractive index +n2=1.47 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +phic=asin(n2/n1) //critical angle(radian) +phic=phic*180/%pi //critical angle(degrees) +NA=sqrt(n1**2-n2**2) //numerical aperture +phimax=asin(NA) //acceptance angle(radian) +phimax=asin(NA)*180/%pi //acceptance angle(degrees) + +//Result +printf("\n critical angle is %0.1f degrees",phic) +printf("\n numerical aperture is %0.1f ",NA) +printf("\n acceptance angle is %0.1f degrees",phimax) diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3385abe49 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.563 //Core refractive index +n2=1.498 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +delta=(n1-n2)/n1 //fractional index change + +//Result +printf("\n fractional index change is %0.4f ",delta) diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2ce273a7b --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.48 //Core refractive index +n2=1.45 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +NA=sqrt(n1**2-n2**2) //numerical aperture +thetamax=asin(NA)*180/%pi +thetamaxd=int(thetamax) //angle of acceptance(degrees) +thetamaxm=60*(thetamax-thetamaxd) //angle of acceptance(minutes) + +//Result +printf("\n numerical aperture is %0.4f ",NA) +printf("\n angle of acceptance is %0.3f degrees %0.0f minutes",thetamaxd,thetamaxm) diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.13/Ex5_13.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.13/Ex5_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d75db81b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.13/Ex5_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +NA=0.39 //numerical aperture +delta=0.05 //fractional index change + +//Calculation +n1=NA/sqrt(2*delta) //refractive index of core + +//Result +printf("\n refractive index of core is %0.3f ",n1) diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..74cc8fd12 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.563 //Core refractive index +n2=1.498 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +delta=(n1-n2)/n1 //fractional index change + +//Result +printf("\n fractional index change is %0.5f ",delta) diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4d9771663 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.55 //Core refractive index +n2=1.50 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +NA=sqrt(n1**2-n2**2) //numerical aperture + +//Result +printf("\n numerical aperture is %0.2f ",NA) diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6881a602b --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.563 //Core refractive index +n2=1.498 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +NA=sqrt(n1**2-n2**2) //numerical aperture +theta0=asin(NA)*180/%pi //acceptance angle(degrees) + +//Result +printf("\n numerical aperture is %0.4f ",NA) +printf("\n acceptance angle is %0.2f degrees",theta0) diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.17/Ex5_17.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.17/Ex5_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8b5f29fa0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.17/Ex5_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.53 //Core refractive index +n2=1.42 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +thetac=asin(n2/n1)*180/%pi //critical angle(degrees) + +//Result +printf("\n critical angle is %0.2f degrees",thetac) diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.18/Ex5_18.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.18/Ex5_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5035b4904 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.18/Ex5_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.6 //Core refractive index +n2=1.4 //Cladding refractive index +n0=1.33 //water refractive index + +//Calculation +NA=sqrt(n1**2-n2**2)/n0 //numerical aperture +theta0=asin(NA)*180/%pi //acceptance angle(degrees) + +//Result +printf("\n numerical aperture is %0.3f ",NA) +printf("\n acceptance angle is %0.4f degrees",theta0) diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.19/Ex5_19.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.19/Ex5_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3c36c6741 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.19/Ex5_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.5 //Core refractive index +n2=1.3 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +delta=(n1-n2)/n1 //fractional index change + +//Result +printf("\n fractional index change is %0.3f ",delta) diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..39d1dc6f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.46 //Core refractive index +delta=0.05 //relative refractive index difference + +//Calculation +NA=n1*sqrt(2*delta) //numerical aperture + +//Result +printf("\n numerical aperture is %0.2f ",NA) diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.20/Ex5_20.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.20/Ex5_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..561ba9b36 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.20/Ex5_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.55 //Core refractive index +n2=1.6 //Cladding refractive index +theta1=60*%pi/180 //angle of incidence(radian) + +//Calculation +x=n1*sin(theta1)/n2 +theta2=asin(x)*180/%pi //angle of reflection(degrees) + +//Result +printf("\n angle of reflection is %0.2f degrees",theta2) diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.21/Ex5_21.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.21/Ex5_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2b4b75a0e --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.21/Ex5_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n2=1.3 //Cladding refractive index +delta=0.14 //fractional index change + +//Calculation +n1=n2/(1-delta) //Core refractive index + +//Result +printf("\n Core refractive index is %0.2f ",n1) diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.22/Ex5_22.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.22/Ex5_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..562b0624d --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.22/Ex5_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +theta0=26.80*%pi/180 //acceptance angle(radian) + +//Calculation +NA=sin(theta0) //numerical aperture + +//Result +printf("\n numerical aperture is %0.5f ",NA) diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..17b02b9c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +NA=0.3 //numerical aperture +gama=45*%pi/180 //angle(radian) + +//Calculation +thetaa1=asin(NA) //acceptance angle for meridional rays(radian) +thetaa1=thetaa1*180/%pi //acceptance angle for meridional rays(degrees) +thetaa2=asin(NA/cos(gama))*180/%pi //acceptance angle for skew rays(degrees) + +//Result +printf("\n acceptance angle for meridional rays is %0.2f degrees",thetaa1) +printf("\n acceptance angle for skew rays is %0.3f degrees",thetaa2) +printf("\n answer for acceptance angle for skew rays given in the textbook varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c155858de --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.53 //Core refractive index +delta=0.0196 //relative refractive index difference + +//Calculation +NA=n1*sqrt(2*delta) //numerical aperture +thetaa=asin(NA)*180/%pi //acceptance angle(degrees) + +//Result +printf("\n numerical aperture is %0.3f ",NA) +printf("\n acceptance angle is %0.3f degrees",thetaa) +printf("\n answer for acceptance angle given in the textbook varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6cd2fc7d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.5 //Core refractive index +n2=1.49 //Cladding refractive index +a=25*10**-6 //radius of core(m) +L=1 //distance(m) + +//Calculation +phic=(asin(n2/n1)*180/%pi ) //critical angle(degrees) + +phicr=phic*%pi/180 //critical angle(radian) +l=2*a*tan(phicr) //fibre length(m) +r=1/l //number of reflections +od=L/sin(phicr) //total distance travelled by light(m) + +//Result +printf("\n critical angle is %0.3f degrees",phic) +printf("\n fibre length is %0.2f micro m",l*10**6) +printf("\n answer for fibre length given in the book is wrong") +printf("\n number of reflections is %0.3f ",r) +printf("\n total distance travelled by light is %0.4f m",od) diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..57cf234f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n=1.55 //Core refractive index +L=10 //length(m) +delta=0.026 //relative refractive index difference +C=3*10**5 + +//Calculation +deltaT=L*n*delta/C //total dispersion(s) +blp=L/(2*deltaT) //bandwidth length product(Hz km) + +//Result +printf("\n total dispersion is %0.1f ns",deltaT*10**9) +printf("\n bandwidth length product is %0.2f *10**5 Hz km",blp/10**5) +printf("\n answer for bandwidth length product given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5b58bd099 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.55 //Core refractive index +n2=1.50 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +NA=sqrt(n1**2-n2**2) //numerical aperture + +//Result +printf("\n numerical aperture is %0.3f ",NA) diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fd78ee0e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.563 //Core refractive index +n2=1.498 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +NA=sqrt(n1**2-n2**2) //numerical aperture +phimax=asin(NA) //acceptance angle(radian) +phimax=asin(NA)*180/%pi +phimaxd=int(phimax) //acceptance angle(degrees) +phimaxm=60*(phimax-phimaxd) //acceptance angle(minutes) + +//Result +printf("\n numerical aperture is %0.4f ",NA) +printf("\n acceptance angle is %0.3f degrees %0.1f minutes",phimaxd,phimaxm) +printf("\n answer for acceptance angle in minutes given in the book varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..96a49ceae --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +w=23+35.5 //molecular weight of NaCl(gm/mole) +N=6.023*10**23 //avagadro number(gm/mol) +rho=2.18 //density of NaCl(gm/cm**3) +n=2 //number of atoms + +//Calculation +m=w/N //mass of NaCl(gm) +nm=rho/m //number of molecules(mole/cm**3) +N_NaCl=n*nm //number of atoms per unit volume(atoms/cm**3) +a=(1/N_NaCl)**(1/3) //distance between adjacent atoms(cm) + + +//Result +printf("\n number of atoms per unit volume is %0.2f *10**22 atoms/cm**3",N_NaCl/10**22) +printf("\n distance between adjacent atoms is %0.2f angstrom",a*10**8) diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cfcad0e52 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=0.071*10**-9 //wavelength(m) +h=1 +k=1 +l=0 //miller indices +a=0.28*10**-9 //lattice constant(m) +n=2 //order + +//Calculation +d=a/sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) +theta=asin(n*lamda/(2*d))*180/%pi //glancing angle(degrees) + +//Result +printf("\n glancing angle is %0.2f degrees",theta) diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..52351406a --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=3*10**-10 //wavelength(m) +h=1 +k=0 +l=0 //miller indices +theta=40*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +n=1 //order + +//Calculation +d=n*lamda/(2*sin(theta)) //space of reflecting plane(m) +a=d*sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) +V=a**3 //volume of unit cell(m**3) + +//Result +printf("\n space of reflecting plane is %0.4f angstrom",d*10**10) +printf("\n volume of unit cell is %0.2f *10**-29 m**3",V*10**29) diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.15/Ex6_15.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.15/Ex6_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f0b4c04c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.15/Ex6_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=0.82 //wavelength(m) +theta=75.86*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +n=1 //order +a=3 //lattice constant(angstrom) + +//Calculation +d=n*lamda/(2*sin(theta)) //space of reflecting plane(angstrom) +//here the value of d comes to 0.422 angstrom which is not equal to the value of a. hence the problem cannot be solved further + +//Result +printf("\n space of reflecting plane is %0.2f angstrom",d) +printf("\n answer given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..39f25ebdb --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +a=5.63*10**-10 //lattice constant(m) +h=1 +k=1 +l=1 //miller indices +theta=27.5*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +n=1 //order +h=6.625*10**-34 //planck's constant +c=3*10**10 //velocity of light(m/sec) +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge of electron(c) + +//Calculation +d111=a/sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) +lamda=2*d111*sin(theta)/n //wavelength of X-ray beam(m) +lamda=int(lamda*10**10) //wavelength of X-ray beam(angstrom) +E=h*c/(lamda*10**-10*e) //energy of X-ray beam(eV) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength of X-ray beam is %0.3f angstrom",lamda) +printf("\n energy of X-ray beam is %0.2f *10**5 eV",E/10**5) +printf("\n answer for energy given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c56f7f454 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +h=2 +k=0 +l=2 //miller indices +theta=34*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +n=1 //order +lamda=1.5*10**-10 //wavelength of X-ray beam(m) + +//Calculation +d=n*lamda/(2*sin(theta)) +a=d*sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) //lattice constant(m) + +//Result +printf("\n lattice constant is %0.4f angstrom",a*10**10) +printf("\n answer given in the book varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ddd0d74d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n=2 //number of atoms per unit cell +M=55.85 //atomic weight(amu) +N=6.02*10**23 //avagadro number(kg/m**3) +rho=7860 //density(kg/m**3) + +//Calculation +a=(n*M/(rho*N))**(1/3) //lattice constant(m) + +//Result +printf("\n lattice constant is %0.2f angstrom",a*10**8) diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.20/Ex6_20.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.20/Ex6_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1b3b30d02 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.20/Ex6_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +h=2 +k=2 +l=0 //miller indices +a=450 //length(nm) + +//Calculation +d220=a/sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) //interplanar spacing(nm) + +//Result +printf("\n interplanar spacing is %0.1f nm",d220) +printf("\n answer given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.21/Ex6_21.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.21/Ex6_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b0d7a2d74 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.21/Ex6_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +h=1 +k=1 +l=1 //miller indices +r=1.278*10**-10 //radius(m) + +//Calculation +a=4*r/sqrt(2) +d111=a/sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) //interplanar spacing(m) + +//Result +printf("\n interplanar spacing is %0.2f *10**-10 m",d111*10**10) diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.22/Ex6_22.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.22/Ex6_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1e605132a --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.22/Ex6_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +h=1 +k=1 +l=1 //miller indices +n=4 +A=107.87 //atomic weight(amu) +N=10500*6.052*10**26 //density(kg/m**3) +theta=(19+(12/60))*%pi/180 //angle(radian) +r=1.278*10**-10 //radius(m) +hp=6.625*10**-34 //plancks constant(Js) +c=3*10**8 //velocity of light(m/sec) +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge of electron(coulomb) + +//Calculation +a=(n*A/N)**(1/3) //lattice constant(m) +d=a/sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) //interplanar spacing(m) +lamda=2*d*sin(theta) //wavelength of X-rays(m) +E=hp*c/(e*lamda) //energy of X-rays(eV) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength of X-rays is %0.3f angstrom",lamda*10**10) +printf("\n answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors") +printf("\n energy of X-rays is %0.0f *10**3 eV",E/10**3) diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.23/Ex6_23.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.23/Ex6_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..64ab97fa7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.23/Ex6_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +h=1 +k=1 +l=0 //miller indices +d100=0.28 //lattice constant(nm) +n=2 +lamda=0.071 //wavelength(nm) + +//Calculation +d110=d100/sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) //interplanar spacing(m) +theta=asin(n*lamda/(2*d110))*180/%pi //glancing angle(degrees) + +//Result +printf("\n glancing angle is %0.0f degrees",theta) diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.24/Ex6_24.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.24/Ex6_24.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..68de8c9fc --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.24/Ex6_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +h=1 +k=1 +l=0 //miller indices +a=0.38 //lattice constant(nm) + +//Calculation +d=a/sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) //distance between the planes(nm) + +//Result +printf("\n distance between the planes is %0.2f nm",d) diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.26/Ex6_26.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.26/Ex6_26.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..29ec85c6f --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.26/Ex6_26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +h=2 +k=3 +l=1 //miller indices +a=0.121 +b=0.184 +c=0.197 //parameters(nm) + +//Calculation +OB=2*b/3 //intercept along y axis(nm) +OC=2*c //intercept along z axis(nm) + +//Result +printf("\n intercept along y axis is %0.3f nm",OB) +printf("\n intercept along y axis is %0.3f nm",OC) diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.27/Ex6_27.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.27/Ex6_27.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9b65a0a1f --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.27/Ex6_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +h1=1 +k1=2 +l1=3 //miller indices +h2=2 +k2=4 +l2=6 //miller indices +a=0.82 +b=0.94 +c=0.75 //parameters(nm) + +//Calculation +d123=(((h1/a)**2)+((k1/b)**2)+((l1/c)**2))**(-1/2) //interplanar distance between (123) planes +d246=d123/2 //interplanar distance between (246) planes + +//Result +printf("\n interplanar distance between (123) planes is %0.3f nm",d123) +printf("\n interplanar distance between (246) planes is %0.4f nm",d246) +printf("\n answers given in the book are wrong") diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.28/Ex6_28.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.28/Ex6_28.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dc42d3f24 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.28/Ex6_28.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +h=1 +k=1 +l=1 //miller indices +a=0.2 //lattice parameter(nm) +theta=(87/2)*%pi/180 //angle(radian) + +//Calculation +d=a/sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) +lamda=2*d*sin(theta) //wavelength of Xrays(nm) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength of Xrays is %0.3f nm",lamda) diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.29/Ex6_29.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.29/Ex6_29.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..804b06217 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.29/Ex6_29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +h=1 +k=1 +l=1 //miller indices +a=0.352 //lattice parameter(nm) +theta=(28+(30/60))*%pi/180 //angle(radian) +hp=6.626*10**-34 //plancks constant(Js) +m=1.67*10**-27 //mass of proton(kg) +kB=1.38*10**-23 //boltzmann constant + +//Calculation +d=a/sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) +lamda=2*d*sin(theta) //wavelength(nm) +T=(hp**2)/(3*m*kB*(lamda*10**-9)**2) //effective temperature of neutrons(K) + +//Result +printf("\n effective temperature of neutrons is %0.0f K",T) diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4a34474f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n=2 //number of atoms per unit cell +M=6.94 //atomic weight(amu) +N=6.02*10**26 //avagadro number(kg/mol) +rho=530 //density(kg/m**3) + +//Calculation +a=(n*M/(rho*N))**(1/3) //lattice constant(m) + +//Result +printf("\n lattice constant is %0.2f angstrom",a*10**10) diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.30/Ex6_30.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.30/Ex6_30.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e02954d66 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.30/Ex6_30.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +h=1 +k=1 +l=1 //miller indices +lamda=0.152 //wavelength(nm) +D=0.2552 //diameter(nm) +theta1=21*%pi/180 //angle(radian) +theta2=(21+(23/60))*%pi/180 //angle(radian) + +//Calculation +a=D*sqrt(2) //lattice parameter for regular crystal(nm) +d111_1=lamda/(2*sin(theta1)) +alpha1=d111_1*sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) //lattice parameter for sample A(nm) +d111_2=lamda/(2*sin(theta2)) +alpha2=d111_2*sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) //lattice parameter for sample B(nm) + +//Result +printf("\n lattice parameter for regular crystal is %0.4f nm",a) +printf("\n lattice parameter for sample A is %0.4f nm",alpha1) +printf("\n lattice parameter for sample B is %0.3f nm",alpha2) +printf("\n lattice parameter of sample A is 1.75 percent greater than that of pure copper") diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..485dd9561 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +M=55.85 //atomic weight(amu) +N=6.02*10**26 //avagadro number(kg/mol) +rho=7870 //density(kg/m**3) +a=2.9*10**-10 //lattice constant(m) + +//Calculation +n=a**3*rho*N/M //number of atoms per unit cell + +//Result +printf("\n number of atoms per unit cell is %0.3f ",n) diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cc7c11063 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n=8 //number of atoms per unit cell +a=5.6*10**-10 //lattice constant(m) +M=710.59 //atomic weight(amu) +N=6.02*10**26 //avagadro number(kg/mol) + +//Calculation +rho=n*M/(a**3*N) //density(kg/m**3) + +//Result +printf("\n density is %0.0f kg/m**3",rho) diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..16838672d --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n=2 //number of atoms per unit cell +M=55.85 //atomic weight(amu) +N=6.02*10**23 //avagadro number(kg/m**3) +rho=7860 //density(kg/m**3) + +//Calculation +a=(n*M/(rho*N))**(1/3) //lattice constant(m) + +//Result +printf("\n lattice constant is %0.4f angstrom",a*10**8) diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3494439c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n=2 //number of atoms per unit cell +M=6.94 //atomic weight(amu) +N=6.02*10**26 //avagadro number(kg/mol) +rho=530 //density(kg/m**3) + +//Calculation +a=(n*M/(rho*N))**(1/3) //lattice constant(m) + +//Result +printf("\n lattice constant is %0.3f angstrom",a*10**10) +printf("\n answer given in the book varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..485dd9561 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +M=55.85 //atomic weight(amu) +N=6.02*10**26 //avagadro number(kg/mol) +rho=7870 //density(kg/m**3) +a=2.9*10**-10 //lattice constant(m) + +//Calculation +n=a**3*rho*N/M //number of atoms per unit cell + +//Result +printf("\n number of atoms per unit cell is %0.3f ",n) diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..272340f52 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +r=0.1278*10**-9 //atomic radius(m) +n=4 //number of atoms per unit cell +M=63.5 //atomic weight(amu) +N=6.02*10**26 //avagadro number(kg/mol) + +//Calculation +a=sqrt(8)*r //lattice constant(m) +rho=n*M/(a**3*N) //density(kg/m**3) + +//Result +printf("\n density is %0.2f kg/m**3",rho) +printf("\n answer given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3869/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce b/3869/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e1f5b9ca0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n=1 //order +theta=32*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +lamda=1.54 //wavelength(angstrom) +h=2 +k=2 +l=0 + +//Calculation +d=n*lamda/(2*sin(theta)) //lattice parameter(angstrom) +a=d*sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) //cube edge of unit cell(angstrom) + +//Result +printf("\n cube edge of unit cell is %0.1f angstrom",a) diff --git a/3869/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce b/3869/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f5c46d8bf --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +h=1 +k=1 +l=0 +lamda=0.065 //wavelength(nm) +n=2 //order +a=0.26 //axial length(nm) + +//Calculation +x=n*lamda*sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2)/(2*a) +theta=asin(x)*180/%pi //glancing angle(degrees) + +//Result +printf("\n glancing angle is %0.1f degrees",theta) diff --git a/3869/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sce b/3869/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..57250e6c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +h=1 +k=1 +l=1 +lamda=1.54 //wavelength(angstrom) +n=1 //order +theta=19.2*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) + +//Calculation +d=n*lamda/(2*sin(theta)) +a=d*sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) //cube edge of unit cell(angstrom) + +//Result +printf("\n cube edge of unit cell is %0.3f angstrom",a) diff --git a/3869/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce b/3869/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f9fa25671 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=1.54*10**-10 //wavelength(m) +n=1 //order +theta=19.2*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +h=1 +k=1 +l=1 + +//Calculation +d=n*lamda/(2*sin(theta)) +a=d*sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) //cube edge of unit cell(m) + +//Result +printf("\n cube edge of unit cell is %0.3f *10**-10 m",a*10**10) diff --git a/3869/CH7/EX7.13/Ex7_13.sce b/3869/CH7/EX7.13/Ex7_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..73b727976 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH7/EX7.13/Ex7_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=0.12 //wavelength(nm) +n=2 //order +theta=28*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) + +//Calculation +d=n*lamda/(2*sin(theta)) //interplanar spacing(nm) + +//Result +printf("\n interplanar spacing is %0.2f nm",d) diff --git a/3869/CH7/EX7.14/Ex7_14.sce b/3869/CH7/EX7.14/Ex7_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2b5467669 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH7/EX7.14/Ex7_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=97 //wavelength(pm) +n1=1 //order +n2=3 //order +theta1=23*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +theta2=60*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) + +//Calculation +lamda1=n2*lamda*sin(theta1)/(n1*sin(theta2)) //wavelength(pm) +d=n2*lamda/(2*sin(theta2)) //interplanar spacing(pm) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength is %0.1f pm",lamda1) +printf("\n interplanar spacing is %0.0f pm",d) +printf("\n answer for wavelength given in the book varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3869/CH7/EX7.15/Ex7_15.sce b/3869/CH7/EX7.15/Ex7_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..66bb99e34 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH7/EX7.15/Ex7_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +theta=45*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +d=275 //interplanar spacing(pm) +n1=3 +n2=4 + +//Calculation +lamda=2*d*sin(theta) //wavelength(pm) +lamda1=lamda/n1 //wavelength for n=3 +lamda2=lamda/n2 //wavelength for n=4 + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength for n=3 is %0.0f pm and for n=4 is %0.2f pm",lamda1,lamda2) +printf("\n answer for wavelength for n=4 given in the book varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3869/CH7/EX7.17/Ex7_17.sce b/3869/CH7/EX7.17/Ex7_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3e414933f --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH7/EX7.17/Ex7_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +theta1=(30+(0/60))*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +theta2=(35+(17/60))*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +lamda=0.171 //wavelength(nm) +h1=1 +k1=1 +l1=0 +h2=2 +k2=0 +l2=0 +h3=1 +k3=1 +l3=1 + +//Calculation +d100=lamda/(2*sin(theta1)) //wavelength(nm) +d200=lamda/(2*sin(theta2)) //wavelength(nm) +a1=d100*sqrt(h1**2+k1**2+l1**2) +a2=d200*sqrt(h2**2+k2**2+l2**2) //lattice parameter in case of bcc +a3=d100*sqrt(h3**2+k3**2+l3**2) +a4=d200*sqrt(h2**2+k2**2+l2**2) //lattice parameter in case of bcc +d=a3/sqrt(2) //atomic diameter(nm) + +//Result +printf("\n lattice parameter in case of bcc are %0.3f nm and %0.3f nm which are not the same. hence the metal is not bcc",a1,a2) +printf("\n lattice parameter in case of fcc are %0.3f nm and %0.3f nm which are the same. hence the metal is fcc",a3,a4) +printf("\n atomic diameter is %0.5f nm",d) +printf("\n answer for atomic diameter given in the book varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3869/CH7/EX7.18/Ex7_18.sce b/3869/CH7/EX7.18/Ex7_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fb13c7c51 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH7/EX7.18/Ex7_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +d=0.282*10**-9 //lattice spacing(m) +theta=(8+(35/60))*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +maxtheta=90*%pi/180 +n=1 //order + +//Calculation +lamda=2*d*sin(theta)/n //wavelength of x-rays(m) +N=2*d*sin(maxtheta)/lamda //maximum order of diffraction + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength of x-rays is %0.3f angstrom",lamda*10**10) +printf("\n maximum order of diffraction is %0.3f ",N) +printf("\n answer for wavelength of x-rays given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3869/CH7/EX7.19/Ex7_19.sce b/3869/CH7/EX7.19/Ex7_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bf2bde768 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH7/EX7.19/Ex7_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +d=3.04*10**-10 //lattice spacing(m) +lamda=0.79*10**-10 //wavelength(m) +n=3 //order + +//Calculation +x=n*lamda/(2*d) +theta=asin(x)*180/%pi //glancing angle(degrees) + +//Result +printf("\n glancing angle is %0.3f degrees",theta) diff --git a/3869/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce b/3869/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..04025cc57 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=0.58 //wavelength(angstrom) +theta1=6.45*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +theta2=9.15*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +theta3=13*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +n=1 //order + +//Calculation +d1=lamda/(2*sin(theta1)) //interplanar spacing at 1st angle(angstrom) +d2=lamda/(2*sin(theta2)) //interplanar spacing at 2nd angle(angstrom) +d3=lamda/(2*sin(theta3)) //interplanar spacing at 3rd angle(angstrom) + +//Result +printf("\n interplanar spacing at 1st angle is %0.3f angstrom",d1) +printf("\n interplanar spacing at 2nd angle is %0.3f angstrom",d2) +printf("\n interplanar spacing at 3rd angle is %0.3f angstrom",d3) +printf("\n answers given in the book are wrong") diff --git a/3869/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce b/3869/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3fbdfa483 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +d=1.181 //lattice spacing(angstrom) +theta=90*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +lamda=1.540 //wavelength of X-rays(angstrom) + +//Calculation +n=2*d*sin(theta)/lamda //order of diffraction + +//Result +printf("\n order of diffraction is %0.3f ",n) diff --git a/3869/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce b/3869/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8f491652c --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +theta=9.5*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +lamda=0.58 //wavelength of X-rays(angstrom) +n=1 //order +h=2 +k=0 +l=0 + +//Calculation +d=n*lamda/(2*sin(theta)) +a=d*sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) //lattice parameter(angstrom) + +//Result +printf("\n lattice parameter is %0.3f angstrom",a) +printf("\n answer given in the book varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3869/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce b/3869/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..325da08f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +theta1=(8+(35/60))*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +lamda=0.842 //wavelength of X-rays(angstrom) +n1=1 //order +n2=3 //order + +//Calculation +x=n2*lamda*sin(theta1)/(n1*lamda) +theta2=asin(x)*180/%pi //glancing angle +theta2d=int(theta2) //glancing angle(degrees) +theta2m=(theta2-theta2d)*60 //glancing angle(minutes) + +//Result +printf("\n glancing angle is %0.3f degrees %0.3f minutes",theta2d,theta2m) +printf("\n answer for glancing angle in minutes given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3869/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce b/3869/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..31aa00dbe --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +a=3.16 //lattice parameter(angstrom) +theta=20.3*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +lamda=1.54 //wavelength of X-rays(angstrom) +n=1 //order + +//Calculation +d=n*lamda/(2*sin(theta)) //interplanar spacing(angstrom) +x=(a/d)**2 + +//Result +printf("\n interplanar spacing is %0.2f angstrom",d) +printf("\n answer for interplanar spacing given in the book is wrong") +printf("\n value of h**2+k**2+l**2 is %0.0f . hence the miller indices could be (110) (011) or (101)",x) diff --git a/3869/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce b/3869/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..44fa0aea4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +d=0.282 //lattice spacing(nm) +theta=(8+(35/60))*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +n=1 //order + +//Calculation +lamda=2*d*sin(theta)/n //wavelength(nm) +N=2*d/lamda //maximum order of diffraction + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength is %0.3f nm",lamda) +printf("\n maximum order of diffraction is %0.3f ",N) diff --git a/3869/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce b/3869/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..29633b67f --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=1.5 //wavelength(AU) +d=1.6 //lattice spacing(AU) + +//Calculation +n=2*d/lamda //maximum order of diffraction + +//Result +printf("\n maximum order of diffraction is %0.3f ",n) diff --git a/3869/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce b/3869/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a1e724e88 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +theta=30*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +h=1 +k=1 +l=1 +lamda=1.5418 //wavelength(angstrom) +n=1 //order + +//Calculation +d=n*lamda/(2*sin(theta)) //interplanar spacing(angstrom) +a=d*sqrt((h**2)+(k**2)+(l**2)) //interatomic spacing(angstrom) + +//Result +printf("\n interatomic spacing is %0.2f angstrom",a) |