initial commit / add all books

20 files changed, 264 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce b/3856/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d7729826a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Calculate the Specific conductance

+

+//Example 8.1

+

+clc;

+

+clear;

+

+C=0.689;  //Cunductance of the cell in ohm^-1

+

+c=0.255;  //Cell constant in  cm^-1 (c=l/A)

+

+k=C*c;  //Specific conductance in ohm^-1 cm^-1

+

+printf("Specific conductance = %.3f ohm^-1 cm^-1",k);

diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.txt b/3856/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bdaeec90b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ Specific conductance = 0.176 ohm^-1 cm^-1
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce b/3856/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9c2c2e160
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+//Calculate the Van't Hoff factor and the Degree of dissociation for Chalcium Chloride (CaCl2)

+

+//Example 8.10

+

+clc;

+

+clear;

+

+m1=0.01;  //Molarity of CaCl2 in mol

+

+m2=0.01;  //Molarity of sucroce in mol

+

+op1=0.605;  //Osmotic pressure of CaCl2 in atm

+

+op2=0.224;  //Osmotic pressure of sucrose in atm

+

+P1=op1;  //Actual number of partical in solution at equilibrium 

+

+P2=op2;  //Number of particals in solution before dissociatio 

+

+i=P1/P2;  //Van;t Hoff factor for CaCl2

+

+printf("Vant Hoff factor = %.2f",i); 

+

+v1=1;  //Number of cation

+

+v2=2;  //Number of anion

+

+v=v1+v2;  //Total number of ions

+

+alpha=(i-1)/(v-1);  //Dgree of dissociation

+

+printf("\nDegree of dissociation = %.2f",alpha);

diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.txt b/3856/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..91c8c51e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ Vant Hoff factor = 2.70

+Degree of dissociation = 0.85
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce b/3856/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..10179cf37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//Calculate the Equivalent Conductance of NaCl solution

+

+//Example 8.2

+

+clc;

+

+clear;

+

+c1=0.0560;  //Molar concentration of KCl in solution mol L^-1

+

+equiV1=134.5;  //Equivalent coductance of KCl in ohm^-1 equiv^-1 cm^2

+

+k1=(equiV1*c1)/1000;  //Specific conductance of the KCl solution in ohm^-1 cm^-1

+

+C1=0.0239;  //Conductance of the solution containing KCl in ohm^-1

+

+c2=k1/C1;  //Cell constant of the solution in cm^-1

+

+C2=0.0285;  //Conductance of the solution containing KCl and NaCl in ohm^-1

+

+k2=c2*C2;  //Specific coductance of the NaCl solution ohm^-1 cm^-1

+

+c3=0.0836;  //Molar concentration of NaCl in solution in mol L^-1

+

+equiV2=(1000*k2)/c3;  //Equivalent conductance of NaCl in ohm^-1 equiv^-1 cm^2

+

+printf("Equivalent Conductance = %.1f ohm^-1 equiv^-1 cm^2",equiV2); 

diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.txt b/3856/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..39351f7af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ Equivalent Conductance = 107.4 ohm^-1 equiv^-1 cm^2
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce b/3856/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1e0b10679
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//Calculate the Dissociation Constant of Acetic acid in given solution

+

+//Example 8.3

+

+clc;

+

+clear;

+

+c=0.10;  //Concentration of Acetic acid in mol L^-1

+

+equiV=5.2;  //Equivalent conductance of Acetic acid in given concentration in equiv^-1 cm^2

+

+equiVo=390.71;  //Equivalent conductance of Acetic acid at Infinite Dilution  in equiv^-1 cm^2

+

+Ka=((c)*(equiV)^2)/((equiVo)*(equiVo-equiV));  //Dissociation constant of Acetic acid 

+

+printf("Dissociation constant = %.1f*10^-5 mol L^-1  ",Ka*10^5);

diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.txt b/3856/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a1fd522e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ Dissociation constant = 1.8*10^-5 mol L^-1  
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce b/3856/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad65d9fe7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+//Calculate the Equivalent Conductance of Chloride ion at infinite dilution ,How long it will take for the ion to travell between two electrodes

+

+//Example 8.4

+

+clc;

+

+clear;

+

+Uneg=7.91*10^-4;  //Mobility of Chloride ion in cm^2 s^-1 V^-1

+

+F=96500;  //Faraday's constant in C mol^-1

+

+Lemdaneg=F*Uneg;  //Equivalent conductance of the ion at infinite dilution in C s^-1 V^-1 mol^-1 cm^2 (ohm^-1 mol^-1 cm^2 or ohm^-1 equiv^-1 cm^2)

+

+printf("(a)Equivalent Conductance = %.1f ohm^-1 equiv^-1 cm^2",Lemdaneg);

+E=20;  //Electric field in V cm^-1

+

+Vneg=E*Uneg;  //Ionic velocity of the ion in cm s^-1

+

+d=4;  //Distance between two electrodes in cm

+

+t=(d/Vneg)/60;  //Time taken by an ion to travel between two electrode in min

+

+printf("\n(b)Time taken = %.1f min",t);

diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.txt b/3856/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..48084b273
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ (a)Equivalent Conductance = 76.3 ohm^-1 equiv^-1 cm^2

+(b)Time taken = 4.2 min
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce b/3856/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..70caf6aee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//Calculate the force in Newtons between a pair of Sodium positive ion and Chloride negative ion in vacuum and in water 

+

+//Example 8.5 

+

+clc;

+

+clear;

+

+QNa=1.602*10^-19;  //Charge on the Na ion in C

+

+QCl=-1.602*10^-19;  //Charge on the Cl ion in C

+

+Epsio=8.854*10^-12;  //Permittivity of the vacuum in C^2 N^-1 m^-2

+

+r=1*10^-9;  //Distance between ions in m

+

+F1=(QNa*QCl)/((4*%pi*Epsio)*(r)^2);  //Force in between a pair of ion in N

+

+printf("(a)Force Between ions in vacuum = %.2f*10^-10 N",F1*10^10);

+

+Epsi=78.54;  //Dielectric constant of water

+ 

+F2=(QNa*QCl)/((4*%pi*Epsio*Epsi)*(r)^2);  //Force in between a pair of ion in water in N

+

+printf("\n(b)Force between ions in water = %.2f*10^-12 N",F2*10^12);

diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.txt b/3856/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e4cd1de0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ (a)Force Between ions in vacuum = -2.31*10^-10 N

+(b)Force between ions in water = -2.94*10^-12 N
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce b/3856/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..503b719a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//Calculate the value of Standard Molar Enthalpy of formation of Sodium ion (delfHNa)for reaction Na(s)+1/2Cl2(g)=Na^+(aq)+Cl^-(aq)

+

+//Example 8.6

+

+clc;

+

+clear;

+

+delrH=-406.9;  //Standard Enthalpy of reaction in kJ mol^-1

+

+delfH2=-167.2;  //Standard molar Enthalpy of Chloride ion in kJ mol^-1

+

+delfH3=0;  //Standard molar Enthalpy of Chlorine gas in kJ mol^-1

+

+delfH4=0;  //Standard molar Enthalpy of Sodium in kJ mol^-1

+

+delfH1=delrH+delfH3+delfH4-delfH2;  //Standard molar Enthalpy of Sodium  ion in kJ mol^-1

+

+printf("Standard Molar Enthalpy of Sodium ion = %.1f kJ mol^-1",delfH1);

diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.txt b/3856/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6b0235121
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ Standard Molar Enthalpy of Sodium ion = -239.7 kJ mol^-1
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce b/3856/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3e0e79036
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//Expression for Chemical Potential of Mg3(PO4)2

+

+//Example 8.7

+

+clc;

+clear;

+

+v1=3;

+

+v2=2;

+

+v=5;

+

+mv=((v1^v1)*(v2^v2))^(1/v);

+

+printf("mu(Mg3(PO4)2) = mu0(Mg3(PO4)2)+ %.0f",v);

+

+printf("RTln(%.2fm)",mv);

diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.txt b/3856/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4888eed5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ mu(Mg3(PO4)2) = mu0(Mg3(PO4)2)+ 5RTln(2.55m)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce b/3856/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3f3aa9453
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+//Write Expression for the activities of Pottasium Chloride Sodium Chromate and Aluminium sulphate 

+

+//Example 8.8

+

+clc;

+

+clear;

+

+vpos1=1;  //Number of cation of KCl

+

+vneg1=1;  //Number of anion of KCl

+

+v1=vpos1+vneg1;  //Total number of ions of KCl

+

+m1=(1*vpos1*1*vneg1)^1/v1;  //Mean ionic molality of KCl 

+

+a1=m1; //Mean ionic activity ofelectrolyte 

+

+printf("mu KCl = ",a1);

+

+printf("(m^%.1f)",v1);

+

+printf("*(gamma^%.1f)",v1);

+

+vpos2=2;  //Number of cation of KCl

+

+vneg2=1;  //Number of anion of KCl

+

+v2=vpos2+vneg2;  //Total number of ions of KCl

+

+a2=((2^vpos2)*(1^vpos2));  //Mean ionic molality of KCl  

+

+printf("\nmu Na2CrO4 = %.0f",a2);

+

+printf("*(m^%f)",v2);

+

+printf("*(gamma^%.1f)",v2);

+

+vpos3=2;  //Number of cation of KCl

+

+vneg3=3;  //Number of anion of KCl

+

+v3=vpos3+vneg3;  //Total number of ions of KCl

+

+a3=(2^vpos3*3^vneg3);  //Mean ionic molality of KCl 

+

+printf("\nmu Al2(SO4)3 = %.0f",a3 );

+

+printf("*(m^%.1f)",v3);

+

+printf("*(gamma^%.1f)",v3);

+

diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.txt b/3856/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a42d58327
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ mu KCl = (m^2.0)*(gamma^2.0)

+mu Na2CrO4 = 4*(m^3.000000)*(gamma^3.0)

+mu Al2(SO4)3 = 108*(m^5.0)*(gamma^5.0)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce b/3856/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..43fdf3da9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//Calculate the Mean Activity coefficient of Cupper Sulphate 

+

+//Example 8.9

+

+clc;

+

+clear;

+

+m1=0.010;  //Molarity of the solution in m

+

+z1=2;  //Charge on cation 

+

+z2=-2;  //Charge on anion 

+

+I=(1/2)*((m1*z1^2)+(m1*z2^2));  //Ionic strength of the solution in m

+

+gyma=10^(-0.509*abs(z1*z2)*sqrt(I));  //Mean Activity coefficien of CuSO4

+

+printf("Mean Activity coefficient = %.3f",gyma);

diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.txt b/3856/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..30c25b787
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ Mean Activity coefficient = 0.392
\ No newline at end of file