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| author | prashantsinalkar | 2018-02-03 11:01:52 +0530 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | prashantsinalkar | 2018-02-03 11:01:52 +0530 |
| commit | 7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df (patch) | |
| tree | 449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8 /3840 | |
| parent | d1e070fe2d77c8e7f6ba4b0c57b1b42e26349059 (diff) | |
| download | Scilab-TBC-Uploads-master.tar.gz Scilab-TBC-Uploads-master.tar.bz2 Scilab-TBC-Uploads-master.zip | |
Diffstat (limited to '3840')
97 files changed, 1655 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/3840/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce b/3840/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6c4986b1d --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(coulomb) +epsilon0=8.85*10**-12 +r0=236*10**-12 //equilibrium distance(m) +I=5.14 //ionisation energy(eV) +EA=-3.65 //electron affinity(eV) + +//Calculation +V=-(e**2)/(4*e*%pi*epsilon0*r0) //potential(eV) +BE=I+EA+V //bond energy of molecule(eV) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce b/3840/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a8009fe28 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +e=1.602*10**-19 //charge(coulomb) +epsilon0=8.85*10**-12 +r0=0.281*10**-9 //equilibrium distance(m) +alphaM=1.748 //madelung constant +n=9 //born constant + +//Calculation +CE=-alphaM*e**2*((n-1)/n)/(4*e*%pi*epsilon0*r0) //cohesive energy per molecule(eV) + +//Result +printf("\n cohesive energy per atom is %0.3f eV",CE) diff --git a/3840/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce b/3840/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eb37291c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(coulomb) +epsilon0=8.85*10**-12 +r0=2.5*10**-10 //equilibrium distance(m) + +//Calculation +PE=e**2/(4*e*%pi*epsilon0*r0) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce b/3840/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b85de4fec --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(coulomb) +r0=0.281*10**-9 //equilibrium distance(m) +a=1.748*10**-28 //madelung constant(J m**2) +n=9 //repulsive exponent value +m=1 + +//Calculations +Ur0=-a*(1-m/n)/(e*r0**m) //cohesive energy of NaCl(eV) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce b/3840/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..421270b8b --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(coulomb) +epsilon0=8.85*10**-12 +r0=0.281*10**-9 //equilibrium distance(m) +I=5.14 //ionisation energy(eV) +EA=-3.61 //electron affinity(eV) + +//Calculation +V=-(e**2)/(4*e*%pi*epsilon0*r0) //potential(eV) +CE=I+EA+V //cohesive energy of molecule(eV) + +//Result +printf("\n cohesive energy of molecule is %0.2f eV",CE) diff --git a/3840/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce b/3840/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b26b92df3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +c=3*10**8 //velocity of light(m/s) +h=6.63*10**-34 //plank's constant(Js) +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(coulomb) +lamda=1.55*10**-6 //wavelength(m) + +//Calculation +Eg=h*c/(lamda*e) //band gap(eV) + +//Result +printf("\n band gap is %0.1f eV",Eg) diff --git a/3840/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce b/3840/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ec8cbdbec --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +c=3*10**8 //velocity of light(m/s) +h=6.63*10**-34 //plank's constant(Js) +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(coulomb) +Eg=1.44*e //band gap(eV) + +//Calculation +lamda=h*c*10**10/Eg //wavelength(angstrom) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength is %0.0f angstrom",lamda) diff --git a/3840/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce b/3840/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..04b5a8173 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.48 //Core refractive index +n2=1.45 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +NA=sqrt(n1**2-n2**2) //numerical aperture +theta0=asin(NA) //acceptance angle(radian) +theta0=theta0*180/%pi //acceptance angle(degrees) +theta0m=60*(theta0-int(theta0)) //acceptance angle(minutes) +thetac=asin(n2/n1) //critical angle(radian) +thetac=thetac*180/%pi //critical angle(degrees) +thetacm=60*(thetac-int(thetac)) //critical angle(minutes) +delta=(n1-n2)/n1 //fractional index change + +//Result +printf("\n numerical aperture is %0.4f ",NA) +printf("\n acceptance angle is %0.3f degrees %0.0f minutes",theta0,theta0m) +printf("\n critical angle is %0.3f degrees %0.3f minutes",thetac,thetacm) +printf("\n fractional index change is %0.2f ",delta) diff --git a/3840/CH11/EX11.10/Ex11_10.sce b/3840/CH11/EX11.10/Ex11_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e89db0a03 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH11/EX11.10/Ex11_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.45 //Core refractive index +n2=1.44 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +delta=(n1-n2)/n1 //fractional index change + +//Result +printf("\n fractional index change is %0.4f *10**-3",delta*10**3) diff --git a/3840/CH11/EX11.11/Ex11_11.sce b/3840/CH11/EX11.11/Ex11_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..96b4ff79f --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH11/EX11.11/Ex11_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.50 //Core refractive index +delta=4/100 //fractional index change + +//Calculation +n2=n1-(delta*n1) //Cladding refractive index +NA=sqrt(n1**2-n2**2) //numerical aperture +theta0=asin(NA) //acceptance angle(radian) +theta0=theta0*180/%pi //acceptance angle(degrees) +theta0m=60*(theta0-int(theta0)) //acceptance angle(minutes) +thetac=asin(n2/n1) //critical angle(radian) +thetac=thetac*180/%pi //critical angle(degrees) +thetacm=60*(thetac-int(thetac)) //critical angle(minutes) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH11/EX11.12/Ex11_12.sce b/3840/CH11/EX11.12/Ex11_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6cc9f641d --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH11/EX11.12/Ex11_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.563 //Core refractive index +n2=1.498 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +NA=sqrt(n1**2-n2**2) //numerical aperture +theta0=asin(NA) //acceptance angle(radian) +theta0=theta0*180/%pi //acceptance angle(degrees) +theta0m=60*(theta0-int(theta0)) //acceptance angle(minutes) + +//Result +printf("\n numerical aperture is %0.3f ",NA) +printf("\n acceptance angle is %0.3f degrees %0.0f minutes",theta0,theta0m) +printf("\n answer for angle in minutes given in the book varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3840/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce b/3840/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c1b873fc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.563 //Core refractive index +n2=1.498 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +NA=sqrt(n1**2-n2**2) //numerical aperture +theta0=asin(NA) //acceptance angle(radian) +theta0=theta0*180/%pi //acceptance angle(degrees) +theta0m=60*(theta0-int(theta0)) //acceptance angle(minutes) + +//Resul" diff --git a/3840/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce b/3840/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..392b3dcd2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.563 //Core refractive index +n2=1.498 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +delta=(n1-n2)/n1 //fractional index change + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce b/3840/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6dd8e205c --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.55 //Core refractive index +n2=1.50 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +NA=sqrt(n1**2-n2**2) //numerical aperture + +//Result +printf("\n numerical aperture is %0.4f ",NA) diff --git a/3840/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce b/3840/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..72ee299ee --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +NA=0.39 //numerical aperture +n1_n2=0.05 //difference in refractive indices + +//Calculation +n1n2=NA**2/n1_n2 +n2=(n1n2-n1_n2)/2 //Cladding refractive index +n1=n2+n1_n2 //Core refractive index + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH11/EX11.6/Ex11_6.sce b/3840/CH11/EX11.6/Ex11_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6dd8e205c --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH11/EX11.6/Ex11_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.55 //Core refractive index +n2=1.50 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +NA=sqrt(n1**2-n2**2) //numerical aperture + +//Result +printf("\n numerical aperture is %0.4f ",NA) diff --git a/3840/CH11/EX11.7/Ex11_7.sce b/3840/CH11/EX11.7/Ex11_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fa06d77f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH11/EX11.7/Ex11_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.48 //Core refractive index +n2=1.45 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +NA=sqrt(n1**2-n2**2) //numerical aperture +theta0=asin(NA) //acceptance angle(radian) +theta0=theta0*180/%pi //acceptance angle(degrees) +theta0m=60*(theta0-int(theta0)) //acceptance angle(minutes) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH11/EX11.8/Ex11_8.sce b/3840/CH11/EX11.8/Ex11_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8b7d46ee7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH11/EX11.8/Ex11_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +NA=0.33 //numerical aperture +delta=0.02 //refractive index of cladding + +//Calculation +x=1-delta +n1=sqrt(NA**2/(1-x**2)) //refractive index of core +n2=x*n1 //refractive index of cladding + +//Result +printf("\n refractive index of core is %0.4f ",n1) +printf("\n refractive index of cladding is %0.3f ",n2) diff --git a/3840/CH11/EX11.9/Ex11_9.sce b/3840/CH11/EX11.9/Ex11_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eec791858 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH11/EX11.9/Ex11_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +NA=0.20 //numerical aperture +n0=1.33 //refractive index of water +n2=1.59 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +n1=sqrt((NA**2)+(n2**2)) //core refractive index +x=sqrt((n1**2)-(n2**2))/n0 +theta0=asin(x) //acceptance angle(radian) +theta0=theta0*180/%pi //acceptance angle(degrees) +theta0m=60*(theta0-int(theta0)) //acceptance angle(minutes) +theta0s=60*(theta0m-int(theta0m)) //acceptance angle(seconds) + +//Resul" +printf("\n acceptance angle is %0.3f degrees %0.3f minutes %0.3f seconds",theta0,theta0m,theta0s) +printf("\n answer for angle in seconds given in the book varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3840/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce b/3840/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..785a6857a --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable Declaration +A=92.9 //absorption(m**2) +V=2265 //volume(m**3) + +//Calculation +T1=0.161*V/A //reverberation time of hall without audience(seconds) +T2=0.161*V/(A*2) //reverberation time of hall with audience(seconds) + +//Result +printf("\n reverberation time of hall without audience is %0.1f seconds",T1) +printf("\n reverberation time of hall with audience is %0.3f seconds",T2) diff --git a/3840/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce b/3840/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9f2bd3f4c --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +r=0.1249 //radius(nm) +n=2 //number of atoms + +//Calculation +a=4*r/sqrt(3) //unit cell edge length(nm) +V=a**3 //volume of unit cell(nm**3) +v=4*n*%pi*r**3/3 //volume of atoms in unit cell(nm**3) +fv=V-v //free volume per unit cell(nm**3) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce b/3840/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fe0f81c13 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +N=6.02*10**26 //Avagadro Number +n=2 +rho=530 //density(kg/m**3) +M=6.94 //atomic weight(amu) + +//Calculation +a=(n*M/(rho*N))**(1/3)*10**10 //lattice constant(angstrom) + +//Result +printf("\n lattice constant is %0.3f angstrom",a) diff --git a/3840/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce b/3840/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0273e06ba --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +N=6.02*10**23 //Avagadro Number +n=2 +rho=7860 //density(kg/m**3) +M=55.85 //atomic weight(amu) + +//Calculation +a=(n*M/(rho*N))**(1/3)*10**9 //lattice constant(angstrom) + +//Result +printf("\n lattice constant is %0.2f angstrom",a) diff --git a/3840/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce b/3840/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f34831f62 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +a=3.5 //lattice constant(angstrom) +n=10**7 //1mm in angstrom + +//Calculation +N=n**2/a**2 //number of atoms per sq mm + +//Result +printf("\n number of atoms per sq mm is %0.2f *10**12",N/10**12) diff --git a/3840/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce b/3840/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e97510d41 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +N=6.02*10**26 //Avagadro Number +n=8 //number of atoms +a=5.62*10**-10 //lattice constant(m) +M=72.59 //atomic weight(amu) + +//Calculation +rho=n*M/(a**3*N) //density(kg/m**3) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce b/3840/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..75e86a580 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +a=0.28 //lattice spacing(nm) +lamda=0.071 //wavelength of X-rays(nm) +h=1 +k=1 +l=0 +n=2 + +//Calculation +d=a/sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) +sintheta=n*lamda/(2*d) +theta=asin(sintheta)*180/%pi //glancing angle(degrees) + +//Result +printf("\n glancing angle is %0.0f degrees",theta) diff --git a/3840/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce b/3840/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..51cde5518 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n=1 //order +theta=19.2*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +lamda=1.54 //wavelength(angstrom) +h=1 +k=1 +l=1 + +//Calculation +d=n*lamda/(2*sin(theta)) //lattice parameter(angstrom) +a=d*sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) //cube edge of unit cell(angstrom) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce b/3840/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..110a7f7f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n=1 //order +theta=38.2*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +lamda=1.54 //wavelength(angstrom) +h=2 +k=2 +l=0 + +//Calculation +d=n*lamda/(2*sin(theta)) //lattice parameter(angstrom) +a=d*sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) //lattice parameter(angstrom) + +//Result +printf("\n lattice parameter is %0.3f angstrom",a) diff --git a/3840/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce b/3840/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0acd207f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +a=0.36 //cube edge of unit cell(nm) +h1=1 +k1=1 +l1=1 +h2=3 +k2=2 +l2=1 + +//Calculation +d1=a/sqrt(h1**2+k1**2+l1**2) //interplanar spacing for (111)(nm) +d2=a/sqrt(h2**2+k2**2+l2**2) //interplanar spacing for (321)(nm) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce b/3840/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1862c33ef --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +theta=(5+(25/60))*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +lamda=0.675 //wavelength of X-rays(angstrom) +n1=1 //order +n3=3 //order + +//Calculation +d=n1*lamda/(2*sin(theta)) //lattice spacing(angstrom) +d=(d) + +theta3=asin(n3*lamda/(2*d))*180/%pi //glancing angle for 3rd order(degrees) +theta3d=int(theta3) //glancing angle for 3rd order(degrees) +theta3m=(theta3-theta3d)*60 //glancing angle for 3rd order(minutes) + +//Result +printf("\n lattice spacing is %0.3f angstrom",d) +printf("\n glancing angle for 3rd order is %0.3f degrees %0.1f minutes",theta3d,theta3m) +printf("\n answer for minutes given in the book varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3840/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce b/3840/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c1850bcc4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +d=3.04 //interplanar spacing(angstrom) +lamda=0.79 //wavelength of X-rays(angstrom) +n=3 + +//Calculation +sintheta=n*lamda/(2*d) +theta=(5+(25/60))*%pi/180; //glancing angle(radian) +thetad=asin(sintheta)*180/%pi //glancing angle(degrees) +thetam=(theta-int(theta))*60 //glancing angle(minutes) +thetas=60*(thetam-int(thetam)) //glancing angle(seconds) + +//Result +printf("\n glancing angle is %0.0f degrees %0.3f minutes %0.3f seconds",thetad,thetam,thetas) +printf("\n answer given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3840/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce b/3840/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fa2ad196e --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +d=0.282 //lattice spacing(nm) +theta=(8+(35/60))*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +n=1 //order + +//Calculation +lamda=2*d*sin(theta)/n //wavelength of X-rays(nm) +n=2*d/lamda //maximum order of diffraction + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce b/3840/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..930d51740 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n=1 //order +theta=38.2*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +lamda=1.54 //wavelength(angstrom) +h=2 +k=2 +l=0 + +//Calculation +a=sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) +d=n*lamda*a/(2*sin(theta)) //lattice parameter(angstrom) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce b/3840/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c965a1a19 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +d=1.6 //lattice spacing(angstrom) +theta=90*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +lamda=1.5 //wavelength of X-rays(angstrom) + +//Calculation +n=2*d*sin(theta)/lamda //maximum order of diffraction + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce b/3840/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e08b3f336 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +d=0.203*10**-9 //lattice spacing(m) +h=1 +k=1 +l=0 //miller indices of (110) +lamda=1.5 //wavelength of X-rays(angstrom) + +//Calculation +a=d*sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) //length(m) +V=a**3 //volume of unit cell(m**3) +r=sqrt(3)*a/4 //radius of atom(m) + +//Result +printf("\n length is %0.3f *10**-9 m",a*10**9) +printf("\n volume of unit cell is %0.5f *10**-27 m**3",V*10**27) +printf("\n answer for volume given in the book varies due to rounding off errors") +printf("\n radius of atom is %0.4f *10**-9 m",r*10**9) diff --git a/3840/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce b/3840/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c965a1a19 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +d=1.6 //lattice spacing(angstrom) +theta=90*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +lamda=1.5 //wavelength of X-rays(angstrom) + +//Calculation +n=2*d*sin(theta)/lamda //maximum order of diffraction + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce b/3840/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..36f6d2d54 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +a=0.26 //lattice spacing(nm) +lamda=0.065 //wavelength of X-rays(nm) +h=1 +k=1 +l=0 +n=2 + +//Calculation +d=a/sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) +sintheta=n*lamda/(2*d) +theta=asin(sintheta)*180/%pi //glancing angle(degrees) +thetad=int(theta) //glancing angle(degrees) +thetam=(theta-thetad)*60 //glancing angle(minutes) +thetas=60*(thetam-int(thetam)) //glancing angle(seconds) + +//Result +printf("\n glancing angle is %0.3f degrees %0.3f minutes %0.3f seconds",thetad,thetam,thetas) +printf("\n answer in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3840/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/3840/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..43e2382b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +new=5.6*10**12 //frequency(Hz) +h=6.625*10**-34 //plank constant +kB=1.38*10**-23 //boltzmann constant +T=330 //temperature(K) + +//Calculation +x=h*new/(kB*T) +E=h*new/(exp(x)-1) //average energy of oscillator(joule) + +//Result +printf("\n average energy of oscillator is %0.3f *10**-21 joule",E*10**21) +printf("\n answer given in the book varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3840/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce b/3840/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4033579a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +me=9.1*10**-31 //mass(kg) +h=6.63*10**-34 //plank constant +mn=1.676*10**-27 //mass(kg) + +//Calculation +lamdan=h*10**9/sqrt(4*mn*me) //de broglie wavelength(nm) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce b/3840/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f6026a98c --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +L=2*10**-10 //length(m) +n2=2 +n4=4 +m=9.1*10**-31 //mass(kg) +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +h=6.63*10**-34 //plank constant + +//Calculation +E1=h**2/(8*m*e*L**2) //minimum energy(eV) +E2=n2**2*E1 //energy of 1st excited state(eV) +E4=n4**2*E1 //energy of 2nd excited state(eV) + +//Result +printf("\n ground state energy is %0.2f eV",E1) +printf("\n energy of 1st excited state is %0.3f eV",E2) +printf("\n energy of 2nd excited state is %0.2f eV",E4) +printf("\n answers for energy of 1st and 2nd states given in the book are wrong") diff --git a/3840/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_13.sce b/3840/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d0b6fe232 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +L=1*10**-10 //length(m) +n3=3 +m=9.11*10**-31 //mass(kg) +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +h=6.63*10**-34 //plank constant + +//Calculation +E1=h**2/(8*m*e*L**2) //g state energy(eV) + +E3=n3**2*E1 //energy of 2nd excited state(eV) +E=E3-E1 //energy required to pump an electron(eV) + +//Result +printf("\n ground state energy is %0.3f eV",E1) +printf("\n energy of 2nd excited state is %0.2f eV",E3) +printf("\n energy required to pump an electron is %0.2f eV",E) +printf("\n answer given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3840/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.sce b/3840/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e16157f0f --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +V=1600 //accelerated voltage(V) + +//Calculation +lamda=1.227*10/sqrt(V) //wavelength of electron waves(angstrom) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce b/3840/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d1e515d7a --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +h=6.63*10**-34 //plank constant +kB=1.38*10**-23 //boltzmann constant +T=1500 //temperature(K) +c=3*10**8 //velocity of light(m/sec) +lamda=6000*10**-10 //wavelength(m) + +//Calculation +new=c/lamda +x=h*new/(kB*T) +y=exp(x)-1 //average energy of oscillator(joule) +Ulamda=8*%pi*h*new/(y*lamda**4) //energy density per unit wavelength(Jm-4) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce b/3840/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..446eb9a73 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=1.66*10**-10 //wavelength(m) +m=9.1*10**-31 //mass(kg) +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +h=6.63*10**-34 //plank constant + +//Calculation +E=h**2/(2*m*e*lamda**2) //kinetic energy(eV) +v=h/(m*lamda) //velocity(m/s) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce b/3840/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..761485757 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +L=1*10**-10 //length(m) +n2=2 +n3=3 +m=9.1*10**-31 //mass(kg) +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +h=6.63*10**-34 //plank constant + +//Calculation +E1=h**2/(8*m*e*L**2) //g state energy(eV) + +E2=n2**2*E1 //energy of 1st excited state(eV) +E3=n3**2*E1 //energy of 2nd excited state(eV) + +//Result +printf("\n ground state energy is %0.4f eV",E1) +printf("\n energy of 1st excited state is %0.2f eV",E2) +printf("\n energy of 2nd excited state is %0.4f eV",E3) diff --git a/3840/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce b/3840/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..86b53ec5f --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +L=4*10**-10 //length(m) +m=9.1*10**-31 //mass(kg) +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +h=6.63*10**-34 //plank constant + +//Calculation +E1=h**2/(8*m*e*L**2) //minimum energy(eV) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce b/3840/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b3889aa91 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +V=15*10**3 //accelerated voltage(V) + +//Calculation +lamda=1.227/sqrt(V) //wavelength of electron waves(nm) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength of electron waves is %0.2f nm",lamda) diff --git a/3840/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce b/3840/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..92dd917fe --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +L=3*10**-10 //length(m) +m=9.1*10**-31 //mass(kg) +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +h=6.63*10**-34 //plank constant + +//Calculation +E1=h**2/(8*m*e*L**2) //minimum energy(eV) + +//Result +printf("\n minimum energy is %0.1f eV",E1) diff --git a/3840/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce b/3840/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..70cd88d40 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +E_EF=0.5 //fermi energy(eV) +FE=1/100 //probability +Kb=1.381*10**-23 //boltzmann constant(J/k) +x=6.24*10**18 + +//Calculation +KB=Kb*x +y=E_EF/KB +T=y/log(1/FE) //temperature(K) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce b/3840/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..156b00dac --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +m=9.11*10**-31 //mass(kg) +e=1.602*10**-19 //charge(c) +E=5.5 //fermi energy(V/m) +tow=3.97*10**-14 //relaxation time(s) + +//Calculation +Vf=sqrt(2*E*e/m) //fermi velocity(m/s) +lamda=Vf*tow //mean free path(m) + +//Result +printf("\n fermi velocity is %0.2f *10**6 m/s",Vf/10**6) +printf("\n mean free path is %0.2f *10**-8 m",lamda*10**8) diff --git a/3840/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce b/3840/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..436874481 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n=1 //number of electrons +NA=6.025*10**26 //avagadro number +D=10500 //density(kg/m**3) +M=107.9 //atomic weight(kg) +m=9.11*10**-31 //mass(kg) +h=6.63*10**-34 //plancks constant(Js) + +//Calculation +n=n*NA*D/M //electronic concentration(per m**3) +x=(3*n/%pi)**(2/3) +Ef=h**2*x/(8*m) //fermi energy(J) + +//Result +printf("\n electronic concentration is %0.3f *10**28 per m**3",n/10**28) +printf("\n fermi energy is %0.2f *10**-19 J",Ef*10**19) diff --git a/3840/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce b/3840/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3ad6c9e4b --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +D=8.92*10**3 //density(kg/m**3) +w=63.5 //atomic weight +Na=6.02*10**26 //avagadro number +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +I=100 //current(A) +A=10*10**-6 //area(m**2) +n=1 + +//Calculation +J=I/A //current density(amp/m**2) +n=n*Na*D/w +vd=J/(n*e) //drift velocity(m/s) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce b/3840/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c3adb6e83 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +e=1.602*10**-19 //charge(c) +m=9.11*10**-31 //mass(kg) +h=6.63*10**-34 //plancks constant(Js) +Ef=7*e //fermi energy(J) + +//Calculation +x=Ef*8*m/h**2 +n23=x/((3/%pi)**(2/3)) +n=n23**(3/2) //total number of free electrons(electrons/m**3) + +//Result +printf("\n total number of free electrons is %0.4f *10**28 electrons/m**3",n/10**28) +printf("\n answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3840/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce b/3840/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1c278b462 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +rho=1.54*10**-8 //resistivity(ohm m) +n=5.8*10**28 //number of electrons +e=1.602*10**-19 //charge(c) +m=9.11*10**-31 //mass(kg) + +//Calculation +tow=m/(n*e**2*rho) //relaxation time(s) + +//Result +printf("\n relaxation time is %0.3f *10**-15 s",tow*10**15) +printf("\n answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3840/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce b/3840/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..43d1fa802 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +D=2.7*10**3 //density(kg/m**3) +rho=2.7*10**-8 //resistivity(ohm m) +w=26.98 //atomic weight +Na=6.025*10**26 //avagadro number +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +L=5 //length(m) +R=0.06 //resistance(ohm) +I=15 //current(A) +n=3 //number of electrons + +//Calculation +N=n*D*Na/w //number of conduction electrons(/m**3) +mew=1/(rho*N*e) //mobility(m**2/Vs) +vd=I*R/(L*rho*N*e) //drift velocity(m/s) + +//Result +printf("\n number of conduction electrons is %0.4f *10**29 /m**3",N/10**29) +printf("\n mobility is %0.5f m**2/Vs",mew) +printf("\n drift velocity is %0.1f *10**-4 m/s",vd*10**4) diff --git a/3840/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce b/3840/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..45dbf9c65 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +D=8.92*10**3 //density(kg/m**3) +rho=1.73*10**-8 //resistivity(ohm m) +W=63.5 //atomic weight +Na=6.02*10**26 //avagadro number +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) + +//Calculation +n=D*Na/W +mew=1/(rho*n*e) //mobility(m**2/Vs) + +//Result +printf("\n mobility is %0.5f m**2/Vs",mew) +printf("\n answer given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3840/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce b/3840/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d22cdac48 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +rho=1.50*10**-8 //resistivity(ohm m) +n=6.5*10**28 //conduction electrons(per m**3) +e=1.602*10**-19 //charge(c) +m=9.11*10**-31 //mass(kg) + +//Calculation +tow=m/(n*e**2*rho) //relaxation time(sec) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce b/3840/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7fc87b777 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +m=9.11*10**-31 //mass(kg) +rho=1.54*10**-8 //resistivity(ohm m) +e=1.602*10**-19 //charge(c) +E=10**2 //electric field(V/m) +n=5.8*10**28 //number of electrons +Kb=1.381*10**-23 //boltzmann constant +T=300 //temperature(K) + +//Calculation +tow=m/(n*e**2*rho) //relaxation time(s) +vd=e*E*tow/m //drift velocity(m/s) +mew=vd/E //mobility(m**2/Vs) +Vth=sqrt(3*Kb*T/m) //thermal velocity(m/s) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce b/3840/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b9441fe3e --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +alpha_e=10**-40 //polarisability(Fm**2) +N=3*10**28 //density of atoms +epsilon0=8.85*10**-12 + +//Calculation +epsilonr=(N*alpha_e/epsilon0)+1 //dielectric constant + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce b/3840/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7545e36da --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +N=3*10**25 //number of atoms +epsilon0=8.85*10**-12 +r=0.2*10**-9 //radius(m) +E=1 //field + +//Calculation +p=4*%pi*epsilon0*r**3 //dipole moment per unit electric field(F-m**2) +P=N*p //polarisation(C-m) +epsilonr=1+(4*%pi*r**3*N/E) //dielectric constant +alphae=epsilon0*(epsilonr-1)/N //polarisability(Fm**2) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce b/3840/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6be9127de --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +N=2.7*10**25 //number of atoms +epsilon0=8.85*10**-12 +epsilonr=1.000435 //dielectric constant + +//Calculation +alphae=epsilon0*(epsilonr-1)/N //polarisability(Fm**2) + +//Result +printf("\n polarisability is %0.3f *10**-40 F-m**2",alphae*10**40) diff --git a/3840/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce b/3840/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4b8c2866b --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +epsilon0=8.85*10**-12 +epsilonr=4 //dielectric constant +NA=6.02*10**26 //avagadro number +D=2.08*10**3 //density(kg/m**3) +M=32 //atomic weight(kg) + +//Calculation +N=NA*D/M //number of atoms +alphae=epsilon0*(epsilonr-1)/N //polarisability(Fm**2) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce b/3840/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a24d58abc --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +A=100*10**-4 //area(m**2) +epsilon0=8.85*10**-12 +d=1*10**-2 //seperation(m) +V=100 //potential(V) + +//Calculation +C=A*epsilon0/d //capacitance(PF) +Q=C*V //charge on plates(C) + +//Result +printf("\n capacitance is %e F",C) +printf("\n charge on plates is %e C",Q) diff --git a/3840/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce b/3840/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1c4c582fe --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +epsilonr=1.0000684 //dielectric constant +N=2.7*10**25 //number of atoms +epsilon0=8.85*10**-12 + +//Calculation +alpha_e=epsilon0*(epsilonr-1)/N //polarisability(Fm**2) + +//Result +printf("\n polarisability is %e Fm**2",alpha_e) diff --git a/3840/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce b/3840/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c6731bc23 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +epsilonr=5 //relative permittivity +V=12 //potential(V) +d=2*10**-3 //separation(m) +epsilon0=8.85*10**-12 + +//Calculation +P=epsilon0*(epsilonr-1)*V/d //polarisation(C-m) + +//Result +printf("\n polarisation is %0.3f *10**-9 C-m",P*10**9) diff --git a/3840/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce b/3840/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..99c33605f --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +epsilonr=3.75 //relative dielectric constant +gama=1/3 //internal field constant +D=2050 //density(kg/m**3) +M=32 //atomic weight(amu) +Na=6.02*10**26 //avagadro number +epsilon0=8.85*10**-12 + +//Calculation +N=Na*D/M //number of atoms per m**3 +x=(epsilonr-1)/(epsilonr+2) +alpha_e=x*3*epsilon0/N //electronic polarisability(F-m**2) + +//Result +printf("\n electronic polarisability is %0.2f *10**-40 Fm**2",alpha_e*10**40) +printf("\n answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3840/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce b/3840/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ba23f1c60 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +epsilonr=1.0000684 //dielectric constant +N=2.7*10**25 //number of atoms +epsilon0=8.85*10**-12 +E=10**6 //electric field(V/m) +Z=2 +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(coulomb) + +//Calculation +alphae=epsilon0*(epsilonr-1)/N //polarisability(Fm**2) +r=(alphae/(4*%pi*epsilon0))**(1/3) //radius of electron cloud(m) +d=alphae*E/(Z*e) //displacement(m) + +//Result +printf("\n polarisability is %e Fm**2",alphae) +printf("\n radius of electron cloud is %0.3f *10**-11 m",r*10**11) +printf("\n answer for radius given in the book varies due to rounding off errors") +printf("\n displacement is %0.1f *10**-16 m",d*10**16) diff --git a/3840/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce b/3840/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8a0e9fe28 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +A=750*10**-6 //area(m**2) +epsilon0=8.85*10**-12 +epsilonr=3.5 //dielectric constant +d=5*10**-3 //seperation(m) +Q=2.5*10**-10 //charge on plates(C) + +//Calculation +V=Q*d/(epsilon0*epsilonr*A) //voltage across plates(V) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce b/3840/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..28938a693 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +chi=-0.4*10**-5 //magnetic susceptibility +H=5*10**5 //magnetic field intensity(amp/m) +mew0=4*%pi*10**-7 + +//Calculation +B=mew0*H*(1+chi) //magnetic flux density(wb/m**2) +M=chi*H //magnetic moment(A/m) + +//Result +printf("\n magnetic flux density is %0.3f wb/m**2",B) +printf("\n magnetic moment is %0.3f A/m",M) diff --git a/3840/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce b/3840/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..caa949d42 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +B0=6.5*10**-4 //magnetic field(Tesla) +B=1.4 //magnetic field(Tesla) + +//Calculation +mewr=B/B0 //relative permeability of iron + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce b/3840/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d31640179 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +chi=-0.25*10**-5 //magnetic susceptibility +H=1000 //magnetic field intensity(amp/m) +mew0=4*%pi*10**-7 + +//Calculation +M=chi*H //magnetisation(A/m) +B=mew0*(H+M) //magnetic flux density(wb/m**2) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce b/3840/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a41bba789 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +mewr=15 //relative permeability +H=250 //magnetic field intensity(amp/m) +mew0=4*%pi*10**-7 + +//Calculation +M=H*(mewr-1) //magnetisation(A/m) +B=mew0*(H+M) //magnetic flux density(wb/m**2) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce b/3840/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2e7efb6b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +chi=-0.42*10**-3 //magnetic susceptibility +H=1000 //magnetic field intensity(amp/m) +mew0=4*%pi*10**-7 + +//Calculation +M=chi*H //magnetisation(A/m) +B=mew0*(H+M) //magnetic flux density(wb/m**2) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce b/3840/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1ef24399c --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +d=0.1 //diameter(m) +i=0.5 //current(ampere) + +//Calculation +r=d/2 //radius of atom(m) +mew=i*%pi*r**2 //magnetic moment(A-m**2) + +//Result +printf("\n magnetic moment is %0.2f *10**-3 A-m**2",mew*10**3) diff --git a/3840/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce b/3840/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b0d33bafa --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +mew0=4*%pi*10**-7 +B=0.0044 //magnetic flux density(wb/m**2) +M=3300 //magnetisation(A/m) + +//Calculation +H=(B/mew0)-M //magnetising force(amp/m) +mewr=1+(M/H) //relative permeability + +//Result +printf("\n magnetising force is %0.1f A/m",H) +printf("\n relative permeability is %0.2f ",mewr) +printf("\n answers given in the book are wrong") diff --git a/3840/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce b/3840/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..58f8089fb --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +r=0.52*10**-10 //radius(m) +B=3 //magnetic induction(web/m**2) +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +m=9.1*10**-31 //mass(kg) + +//Calculation +d_mew=e**2*r**2*B/(4*m) //change in magnetic moment(Am**2) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce b/3840/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..07e9f04c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +r=5.29*10**-11 //radius(m) +B=2 //magnetic induction(web/m**2) +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +m=9.1*10**-31 //mass(kg) + +//Calculation +d_mew=e**2*r**2*B/(4*m) //change in magnetic moment(Am**2) + +//Result +printf("\n change in magnetic moment is %0.3f *10**-29 A-m**2",d_mew*10**29) diff --git a/3840/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce b/3840/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9f7c3f7fe --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +chi1=2.8*10**-4 //susceptibility +T1=350 //temperature(K) +T2=300 //temperature(K) + +//Calculation +chi2=(chi1*T1)/T2 //susceptibility at 300K + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce b/3840/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9a2fdd508 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +ni=1.5*10**16 //particle density(per m**3) +mew_e=0.14 //electron mobility(m**2/Vs) +mew_h=0.05 //hole mobility(m**2/Vs) +D=2.33*10**3 //density(kg/m**3) +A=28.09 //atomic weight(kg) +NA=6.025*10**26 //avagadro number + +//Calculation +N=NA*D/A //number of atoms +n=N/10**8 //electron concentration(per m**3) +p=ni**2/n //hole concentration(per m**3) +sigma=e*((n*mew_e)+(p*mew_h)) //conductivity(per ohm m) + +//Result +printf("\n conductivity is %0.1f per ohm m",sigma) diff --git a/3840/CH8/EX8.13/Ex8_13.sce b/3840/CH8/EX8.13/Ex8_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2135328c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH8/EX8.13/Ex8_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +rho=0.2 //resistivity(ohm m) +e=1.602*10**-19 //charge(c) +mewn=0.35 //mobility of charge carriers(m**2/Vs) + +//Calculation +n=1/(rho*mewn*e) //density of donor atoms(electrons/m**3) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH8/EX8.15/Ex8_15.sce b/3840/CH8/EX8.15/Ex8_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ba03a69f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH8/EX8.15/Ex8_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +mew_e=0.19 //electron mobility(m**2/Vs) +T=300 //temperature(K) +KB=1.38*10**-23 //boltzmann constant + +//Calculation +Dn=mew_e*KB*T/e //diffusion coefficient(m**2/sec) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH8/EX8.16/Ex8_16.sce b/3840/CH8/EX8.16/Ex8_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..50952b5eb --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH8/EX8.16/Ex8_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +KB=1.38*10**-23 //boltzmann constant +e=1.602*10**-19 //charge(c) +rho1=4.5 +rho2=2.0 +T1=293 //temperature(K) +T2=305 //temperature(K) + +//Calculation +Eg=2*KB*log(rho1/rho2)/((1/T1)-(1/T2)) //energy gap(J) +Eg=Eg/e //energy gap(eV) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH8/EX8.17/Ex8_17.sce b/3840/CH8/EX8.17/Ex8_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e978a115b --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH8/EX8.17/Ex8_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +Vm=20 //voltage(V) +RL=500 //load resistance(ohm) +rf=10 //forward resistance(ohm) +VB=0.7 //bias voltage(V) + +//Calculation +Im=(Vm-VB)*10**3/(rf+RL) //peak current(mA) +Vo=Im*RL/10**3 //peak output voltage(V) + +//Result +printf("\n peak current is %0.1f mA",Im) +printf("\n peak output voltage is %0.1f V",Vo) diff --git a/3840/CH8/EX8.18/Ex8_18.sce b/3840/CH8/EX8.18/Ex8_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..71888bbc8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH8/EX8.18/Ex8_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +Vrms=200 //voltage(V) +RL=1000 //load resistance(ohm) + +//Calculation +Im=Vrms*sqrt(2)/RL //peak current(A) +Idc=2*Im/%pi //average DC current(A) +Vdc=int(Idc*RL) //dc voltage(V) +x=(Vrms/Vdc)**2 +gama=sqrt(x-1)*Vdc //ripple factor(V) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce b/3840/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f6558111f --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +mew_n=0.3 //electron mobility(m**2/Vs) +rho=0.25 //resistivity(ohm m) + +//Calculation +n=1/(rho*e*mew_n) //number of donor atoms per m**3 + +//Result +printf("\n number of donor atoms is %0.3f *10**19 per m**3",n/10**19) diff --git a/3840/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce b/3840/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..33ad4d165 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +mewn=0.21 //electron mobility(m**2/Vs) +T=300 //temperature(K) +KB=1.38*10**-23 //boltzmann constant + +//Calculation +Dn=mewn*KB*T/e //diffusion coefficient(m**2/sec) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce b/3840/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a59bf0d07 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +RH=3.22*10**-4 //hall coefficient(m**3C-1) +rho=8.5*10**-3 //resistivity(ohm m) + +//Calculation +p=1/(RH*e) //hole concentration(m-3) +mewp=RH/rho //hole mobility(m**2/Vs) + +//Result +printf("\n hole concentration is %0.1f *10**21 m-3",p/10**21) +printf("\n hole mobility is %0.5f m**2/Vs",mewp) diff --git a/3840/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce b/3840/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1805b5180 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +mew_e=0.36 //electron mobility(m**2/Vs) +mew_h=0.17 //hole mobility(m**2/Vs) +rhoi=2.12 //resistivity(ohm m) + +//Calculation +ni=1/(rhoi*e*(mew_e+mew_h)) //intrinsic concentration(per m**3) + +//Result +printf("\n intrinsic concentration is %0.2f *10**16 per m**3",ni/10**16) diff --git a/3840/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce b/3840/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cc29be2d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +mew_e=0.39 //electron mobility(m**2/Vs) +mew_h=0.19 //hole mobility(m**2/Vs) +ni=2.4*10**19 //intrinsic concentration(per m**3) + +//Calculation +rhoi=1/(ni*e*(mew_e+mew_h)) //resistivity(ohm m) + +//Result +printf("\n resistivity is %0.3f ohm m",rhoi) diff --git a/3840/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce b/3840/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..04363e9c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +ni=1.5*10**16 //charge carriers(per m**3) +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +mew_e=0.135 //electron mobility(m**2/Vs) +mew_h=0.048 //hole mobility(m**2/Vs) +N=10**23 //number of atoms(per m**3) + +//Calculation +sigma=ni*e*(mew_e+mew_h) +p=ni**2/N //hole concentration(per m**3) +sigman=N*e*mew_e //conductivity(per ohm m) + +//Result +printf("\n hole concentration is %0.3f *10**9 per m**3",p/10**9) +printf("\n conductivity is %0.3f *10**3 per ohm m",sigman/10**3) diff --git a/3840/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce b/3840/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e5da0acc6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +RH=3.66*10**-4 //hall coefficient(m**3C-1) +rho=8.93*10**-3 //resistivity(ohm m) + +//Calculation +p=1/(RH*e) //hole concentration(m-3) +mew=RH/rho //hole mobility(m**2/Vs) + +//Result +printf("\n hole concentration is %0.1f *10**22 m-3",p/10**22) +printf("\n hole mobility is %0.3f *10**-2 m**2/Vs",mew*10**2) diff --git a/3840/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce b/3840/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a1156c52e --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +ni=1.5*10**16 //particle density(per m**3) +mew_e=0.13 //electron mobility(m**2/Vs) +mew_h=0.05 //hole mobility(m**2/Vs) + +//Calculation +sigma=ni*e*(mew_e+mew_h) //conductivity(per ohm m) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce b/3840/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..343549f9f --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +h=6.626*10**-34 //plank constant +V=8.5*10**-6 //voltage(V) + +//Calculation +new=2*e*V/h //frequency(Hz) + +//Result +printf("\n frequency is %0.1f *10**9 Hz",new/10**9) diff --git a/3840/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce b/3840/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..412d23afe --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +T=2 //temperature(K) +Tc=3.7 //critical temperature(K) +H0=0.0306 //critical magnetic field(A/m) + +//Calculation +Hc=H0*(1-(T/Tc)**2) //critical field(Tesla) + +//Result +printf("\n critical field is %0.5f Tesla",Hc) diff --git a/3840/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce b/3840/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c7adbb575 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +Hc=200*10**3 //critical magnetic field(A/m) +Tc=12 //critical temperature(K) +H0=250*10**3 //critical magnetic field(A/m) + +//Calculation +T=Tc*sqrt(1-(Hc/H0)**2) //maximum critical temperature(K) + +//Result +printf("\n maximum critical temperature is %0.3f K",T) diff --git a/3840/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce b/3840/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ba6fb048f --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +T=2.5 //temperature(K) +Tc=3.7 //critical temperature(K) +H0=0.03 //critical magnetic field(A/m) + +//Calculation +Hc=H0*(1-(T/Tc)**2) //critical field(Tesla) + +//Result +printf("\n critical field is %0.4f Tesla",Hc) diff --git a/3840/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_6.sce b/3840/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..462b11d1d --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +h=6.625*10**-34 //plank constant +V=650*10**-6 //voltage(V) + +//Calculation +new=2*e*V/h //frequency(Hz) + +//Result |