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| author | prashantsinalkar | 2017-10-10 12:27:19 +0530 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | prashantsinalkar | 2017-10-10 12:27:19 +0530 |
| commit | 7f60ea012dd2524dae921a2a35adbf7ef21f2bb6 (patch) | |
| tree | dbb9e3ddb5fc829e7c5c7e6be99b2c4ba356132c /3557 | |
| parent | b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b (diff) | |
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initial commit / add all books
Diffstat (limited to '3557')
168 files changed, 2413 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/3557/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce b/3557/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cbe48f480 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 10.1//
+
+T1=1173;//K// Absolute Temperature
+T2=673;//K // Absolute Temperature
+R=8.314;//J/mol.K // Universal gas constant
+a=10^6;//(G900/G400)
+C=10^-3;//preexponential term
+Q=-(R*log(a))/((1/T1)-(1/T2))*C
+mprintf("Q = %i KJ per mol",Q)
+
+
diff --git a/3557/CH10/EX10.10/Ex10_10.sce b/3557/CH10/EX10.10/Ex10_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..758af18a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH10/EX10.10/Ex10_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +//Example 10.10//
+xc=15;
+x=7;
+xm=2;
+m=round((xc-x)/(xc-xm)*100)
+mprintf("m = %i mol percent",m)
diff --git a/3557/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce b/3557/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1d5939d84 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Example 10.4//
+
+//(a)= 0.5 wt % C we must quenchfrom the austenite boundary (770degree C) to ~520 degree in ~0.6, giving
+a=770;//degree C //austenite boundary
+b=520;//Degree C //temprature
+t=0.6;//s //seconds // time
+dt1=(a-b)/t
+mprintf("dt1 = %i degree C/s",dt1)
+//(b)=0.77 wt % C steel, we quench from the eutectoid temperature(727degree C) to ~550degree C in 0.7s, giving
+a1=727;//degree C //eutectoid temperature
+b1=550;//degree C //temperature
+t1=0.7;//s//seconds //time
+dt2=(a1-b1)/t1
+mprintf("\ndt2 = %i degree C/s",dt2)
+//(c)= 1.13 wt %C steel we quench from the austenite boundary (880degree C) to ~550degree C in ~3.5
+a2=880;//degree C //eutectoid temperature
+t3=0.35;//s //seconds //time
+dt3=(a2-b1)/t3
+mprintf("\ndt3 = %i degree C/s",dt3)
+mprintf("\nThe calculated answer in the textbook is wrong")
diff --git a/3557/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce b/3557/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b1458adc7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 10.5//
+//(a) = For 0.5 wt % C steel indicates that complete bainite formation will have ocuurred 5degree C above Ms,by
+a=180;//s //second
+b=1;//m //minute
+c=60;//s//seconds
+d=a*(b/c)
+mprintf("d= %i min",d)
+//(b)= For 0.77 wt % C steel gives a time of
+a1=1.9*10^4;//s //seconds
+b1=3600;//s/h //seconds per hour
+c1=a1/b1
+mprintf("\nc1 = %f h ",c1)
+//(c)= for 1.13 wt % C steel gives an austempering time of
+mprintf("\n= Figure 10.15 for 1.13 wt percent C steel gives an austempering time of ~1day ")
+
+
diff --git a/3557/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce b/3557/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..64e0d6833 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example 10.6//
+
+//Jominy end squench test on this alloy produces a hardness of Rockwell C45 at 22/16 in from the quenched end which is equal
+a=22;//in
+b=16;//in
+c=25.4;//mm/in
+Dqe=(a/b)*c
+mprintf("Dqe = %i mm",Dqe)
+
+x=[0 2 4 6 8 10 15 20 25 30 40 50];
+y=[600 300 150 70 50 20 15 10 6 5 3 2];
+plot2d(x,y, style=1);
+xlabel("Distance from quenched end ,Dqe (Jominy distance)", "fontsize", 3)
+ylabel("Cooling rate at 700 degree C C/sec ", "fontsize", 3)
+mprintf("\nFrom the figure which applies to carbon and low-alloy steels,we see that the cooling rate was approximately \n 4 degree C/s (at 700 degree C) ")
diff --git a/3557/CH10/EX10.8/Ex10_8.sce b/3557/CH10/EX10.8/Ex10_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..82e1ddb1e --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH10/EX10.8/Ex10_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//Example 10.8//
+x=4.5;//wt % // x is the overall composition
+xk=0;//wt % // composition for two phases
+xth=53;//wt % //coposition for two phases
+//(a)
+wt=(x-xk)/(xth-xk)*100
+mprintf("wt = %f percent",wt)
+mprintf("\n As the G.P zones are precursors to the equlibrium precipitation the maximum amount would be 8.49 percent")
diff --git a/3557/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.sce b/3557/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c010e5935 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +//Example 10.9//
+
+T1=290;//degree C //recrystallization temperature
+T2=920;// degree C //solidus temperature
+T3=273;//K //Kelvin
+T4=(T1+T3)/(T2+T3)
+disp(T4)
diff --git a/3557/CH10/EX17.10/Ex10_10.sce b/3557/CH10/EX17.10/Ex10_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a45c55834 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH10/EX17.10/Ex10_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +//Example 10.10//
+xc=15;//mol % //cubic phase composition of CaO
+x=7;//mol % //x for overall composition
+xm=2;//mol % //monoclinic phase composition of CaO
+m=(xc-x)/(xc-xm)*100
+mprintf("m = %i mol percent",m)
diff --git a/3557/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce b/3557/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0e504969f --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +//Example11.1//
+Ni=0.55;//wt % // steel and nominal alloy content
+Cr=0.50;//wt % //steel and nominal alloy content
+Mo=0.20;//wt % //steel and nominal alloy content
+C=0.30;//wt %//steel and nominal alloy content
+a=100-(Ni+Cr+Mo+C)
+mprintf("a = %f g Fe ",a)
+a1=55.85;//g /mol // atomic mass of iron
+b=0.6023*10^24;//atoms/ mol //Avagardo's constant
+NFe=(a/a1)*b
+mprintf("\nNFe = %e atoms",NFe)
+//similarly
+c=58.71;//g/mol // atomic mass of nickel
+Nni=(Ni/c)*b
+mprintf("\nNni = %e atoms",Nni)
+d=52.00;//g/mol // atomic mass of chromium
+NCr=(Cr/d)*b
+mprintf("\nNCr = %e atoms",NCr)
+e=95.94;//g/mol //atomic mass of Molybdenum
+NMo=(Mo/e)*b
+mprintf("\nNMo = %e atoms",NMo)
+f=12.01;//g/mol //atomic mass of Carbon
+NC=(C/f)*b
+mprintf("\nNC = %e atoms",NC)
+//so in a 100-g there shold be
+Ntotal=NFe+Nni+NCr+NMo+NC
+mprintf("\nNtotal = %e atoms",Ntotal)
+//The atomic fraction of each alloying element is then
+XNi=Nni/Ntotal
+mprintf("\nXNi = %e ",XNi)
+XCr=NCr/Ntotal
+mprintf("\nXCr = %e",XCr)
+XMo=NMo/Ntotal
+mprintf("\nXMo = %e",XMo)
+Xc=NC/Ntotal
+mprintf("\nXc = %e",Xc)
+XNi=5.19*10^-3;//atoms
+XCr=5.32*10^-3;//atoms
+XMo=1.16*10^-3;//atoms
+//which for a 100000 atom alloy gives
+h=10^5;//atoms //given
+NNi=XNi*h
+mprintf("\nNNi = %i atoms",NNi)
+NCr=XCr*h
+mprintf("\nNCr = %i atoms",NCr)
+NMo=XMo*h
+mprintf("\nNMo = %i atoms",NMo)
+Nc=Xc*h
+mprintf("\nNc = %i atoms",Nc)
+
diff --git a/3557/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce b/3557/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..df7bd1696 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example11.2//
+pFe=7.87;//Mg/m^3 // Density of iron (From Appendix 1)
+pAl=2.70;//Mg/m^3 // Density of Aluminium (From Appendix 1)
+mFe=25;//kg // resulting mass saving
+a=1;//Mg // given
+b=10^3;//kg //given
+V=(mFe/pFe)*(a/b)
+mprintf("V = %e m^3",V)
+//the mass of new aluminium parts would be
+mAl=pAl*V*(b/a)
+mprintf("\nmAl = %f kg",mAl)
+//the resulting mass saving is then
+m=mFe-mAl
+mprintf("\nm = %f kg",m)
diff --git a/3557/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce b/3557/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0888cbdba --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example12.1//
+
+a=26.98;//amu //atomic mass of Aluminium
+b=16.00;//amu //atomic mass of Oxygen
+c=2;//Number of atoms
+d=3;//Number of atoms
+Al2O3=(c*a)+(d*b)
+mprintf("Al2O3 = %f amu",Al2O3)
+e=28.09;//amu //atomic mass of silicon
+SiO2=e+(c*b)
+mprintf("\nSiO2 = %f amu",SiO2)
+f=(d*Al2O3)/((d*Al2O3)+(c*SiO2))
+mprintf("\nf = %f",f)
diff --git a/3557/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.sce b/3557/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..80c6dd64e --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//Example12.2// +Na=22.99;//amu //atomic mass of sodium +O=16.00;//amu //atomic mass of Oxygen +a=2;//Number of atoms +c = 2; +Na2O=c*Na+O +mprintf("Na2O = %f amu",Na2O) +d=3;//Number of atoms +C=12.00;//amu //atomic mass of Carbon +Na2CO3=c*Na+C+d*O +mprintf("\nNa2CO3 = %f amu",Na2CO3) +Ca=40.08;//amu //atomic mass of calcium +CaO=Ca+O +mprintf("\nCaO = %f amu",CaO) +CaCO3=Ca+C+d*O +mprintf("\nCaCO3 = %f amu",CaCO3) +a1=150;//Kg //kilogram +Na2Co=a1*(Na2CO3/Na2O) +mprintf("\nNa2Co = %i kg",Na2Co) +b=100;//kg //kilogram +CaCo=b*(CaCO3/CaO) +mprintf("\nCaCo = %i kg",CaCo) +mprintf("\nSio2 required = 750Kg") +SiO2=750;//kg //Kiligram +wt1=(Na2Co/(Na2Co+CaCo+SiO2))*100 +mprintf("\nwt1 = %f wt percent Na2CO3",wt1) +wt2=(CaCo/(Na2Co+CaCo+SiO2))*100 +mprintf("\nwt2 = %f wt percent CaCO3",wt2) +wt3=SiO2/(Na2Co+CaCo+SiO2)*100 +mprintf("\nwt3 = %f wt percent SiO2",wt3)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3557/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce b/3557/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fe22e4ccc --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Example12.3//
+Li=6.94;//amu //atomic mass of Lithium
+O=16.00;//amu //atomic mass of Oxygen
+a=2;//Number of atoms
+LiO2=a*Li+O
+mprintf("LiO2 = %f amu",LiO2)
+Al=26.98;//amu
+b=3;//Number of atoms
+Al2O3=a*Al+b*O
+mprintf("\nAl2O3 = %f amu",Al2O3)
+Si=28.09;//amu //atomic mass of Silicon
+SiO2=Si+a*O
+mprintf("\nSiO2 = %f amu",SiO2)
+g=4;//given
+wt1=(LiO2)/(LiO2+Al2O3+g*SiO2 )*100
+mprintf("\nwt1 = %f percent",wt1)
+wt2=Al2O3/(LiO2+Al2O3+g*SiO2 )*100
+mprintf("\nwt2 = %f percent",wt2)
+wt3=(g*SiO2)/(LiO2+Al2O3+g*SiO2 )*100
+mprintf("\nwt3 = %f perecent ",wt3)
diff --git a/3557/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce b/3557/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..914ec5631 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Example12.4//
+Al=26.98;//amu //atomic mass of Aluminium
+O=16.00;//amu //atomic mass of Oxygen
+Si=28.09;//amu //atomic mass of Silicon
+H=1.008;//amu //atomic mass of Hydrogen
+i=2;//Number of atoms
+j=3;//Number of atoms
+m1=(i*Al+j*O)+i*(Si+i*O)+i*(i*H+O)
+mprintf("m1 = %f amu",m1)
+m2=i*(i*H+O)//amu
+mprintf("\nm2 = %f amu",m2)
+//As a result the mass of H2O driven off will be
+k=5;//kg //Kilograms
+mH2O=(m2/m1)*k
+mprintf("\nmH2O = %f kg",mH2O)
+j=10^3;//g //As 1Kg = 10^3grams
+m3=mH2O*j
+mprintf(" = %i g ",m3)
diff --git a/3557/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce b/3557/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b03779061 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 13.1//
+
+a=25000;//amu //average molecular weight of polyethylene
+C=12.01;//amu //atomic mass of carbon //(From Appendix)
+H=1.008;//amu // atomic mass of Hydrogen ////(From Appendix)
+b=2;//number of atoms
+d=4;//number of atoms
+n=a/((b*C)+(d*H))
+mprintf("n = %i ",n)
diff --git a/3557/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce b/3557/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1b2987b4d --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example13.2//
+
+H=1.008;//amu //atomic mass of Hydrogen //(From Appendix 1)
+O=16.00;//amu //atomic mass of Oxygen //(From Appendix 1)
+C=12.01;//amu //atomic mass of carbon ////(From Appendix 1)
+a=2;//Number of atoms
+b=4;//Number of atoms
+d=750;//average degree of polymerization
+H2O2=((a*H)+(a*O))/(d*((a*C)+(b*H)))*100
+mprintf("H2O2 = %f wt percent",H2O2)
diff --git a/3557/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.sce b/3557/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a9ee159c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example 13.3//
+
+l=0.154//nm //length of a single bond
+n=750;// number of bonds
+L=l*sqrt(2*n)
+mprintf("L = %f nm",L)
+a=109.5;//degree
+b=2;//given
+Le=2*n*l*sind(a/b)
+mprintf("\nLe = %i nm",Le)
diff --git a/3557/CH13/EX13.4/Ex13_4.sce b/3557/CH13/EX13.4/Ex13_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..df74c7af5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH13/EX13.4/Ex13_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 13.4//
+S=32.06;//amu //atomic mass of sulphur //(From Appendix 1)
+C=12.01;//amu //atomic mass of carbon //(From Appendix 1)
+H=1.008;//amu //atomic mass of hydrogen //(From Appendix 1)
+a=5;//Number of atoms
+b=8;//Number of atoms
+ms=S/((a*C)+(b*H))*100
+mprintf("ms = %f ",ms)
+c=20;//g //amount of sulphur added
+fr=c/ms
+mprintf("\nfr = %f ",fr)
diff --git a/3557/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.sce b/3557/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d462b9ed7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Example13.5//
+
+a=33.3;//g // of each components (acrylonitrile, butadiene, and sytrene)
+C=12.01;//amu //atomic mass of carbon //(From Appendix 1)
+H=1.008;//amu //atomic mass of hydrogen //(From Appendix 1)
+N=14.01;//amu //atomic mass of Nitrogen //(From Appendix 1)
+b=3;//Number of atoms
+A=a/((b*C)+(b*H)+(N))
+mprintf("A = %f mol",A)
+c=4;//Number of atoms
+d=6;//Number of atoms
+B=a/((c*C)+(d*H))
+mprintf("\nB = %f mol",B)
+d=8;//Number of atoms
+S=a/((d*C)+(d*H))
+mprintf("\nS = %f mol",S)
+fA=A/(A+B+S)
+mprintf("\nfA = %f ",fA)
+fB=B/(A+B+S)
+mprintf("\nfB = %f",fB)
+fS=S/(A+B+S)
+mprintf("\nfS = %f",fS)
diff --git a/3557/CH13/EX13.6/Ex13_6.sce b/3557/CH13/EX13.6/Ex13_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7dad32b69 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH13/EX13.6/Ex13_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Example 13.6//
+C=12.01;//amu //atomic mass of carbon //(From Appendix 1)
+H=1.008;//amu //atomic mass of hydrogen //(From Appendix 1)
+O=16.00;//amu //atomic mass of oxygen //(From Appendix 1)
+a=6;//Number of atoms
+b=2;//Number of atom
+mw=((a*C)+(a*H)+O)+1.5*(C+(b*H)+O)-1.5*((b*H)+O)
+mprintf("mw = %f g (Answer is not mentioned in the texbook)",mw)
+//the mass of the polymer i question is
+p=1.4;//g/cm^3
+V=10;//cm^3
+m=p*V
+mprintf("\nm = %i g",m)
+//Therefore the numbers of mers in the cylinder is
+c=0.6023*10^24;//mers //Avogardo's Number
+n1=m/(mw/c)
+mprintf("\nn1 = %e mers",n1)
+//which gives the molecular weight
+wt=n1*mw
+mprintf("\nwt = %e amu",wt)
diff --git a/3557/CH13/EX13.7/Ex13_7.sce b/3557/CH13/EX13.7/Ex13_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8b73b707c --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH13/EX13.7/Ex13_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Example 13.7//
+
+//For 1Kg =of final product
+a=0.33;//wt % //glass fiber
+b=1;//kg //kilogram
+p=a*b
+mprintf("p = %f kg glass",p)
+p1=b-a
+mprintf("\n p1 = %f kg nylon 66",p1)
+//The total volume of the product
+mn=0.67;//kg //given
+mg=0.33;//kg//given
+pn=1.14;//Mg/m^3 //density of nylon 66
+pg=2.54;//Mg/m^3 //density of reinforcing glass
+c=1;//Mg //Milligram
+d=1000;//kg //given
+Vp=((mn/pn)+(mg/pg))*(c/d)
+mprintf("\nVp = %e m^3",Vp)
+//The over all density of the final product is then
+p=(c/Vp)*(c/d)
+mprintf("\np = %f Mg/m^3",p)
+
+
diff --git a/3557/CH13/EX13.8/Ex13_8.sce b/3557/CH13/EX13.8/Ex13_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..47a8ca4c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH13/EX13.8/Ex13_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 13.8//
+
+//There is one H2O2 molecule (=two OH groups) per polyethylene molecule For 0.15 wt%H2O2
+C=12.01;//amu //atomic mass of carbon //(From Appendix 1)
+H=1.008;//amu //atomic mass of hydrogen //(From Appendix 1)
+O=16.00;//amu //atomic mass of oxygen //(From Appendix 1)
+a=2;//Number of atoms
+b=4;//Number of atoms
+c=0.15;//wt % H2O2
+d=0.16; //wt % H2O2
+n1=(((a*H)+(a*O))/(((a*C)+(b*H))*c))*100
+mprintf("n1 = %i ",n1)
+n2=(((a*H)+(a*O))/(((a*C)+(b*H))*d))*100
+mprintf("\nn2 = %i ",n2)
+d=((n2-n1)/n1)*100
+mprintf("\nd = %f percent",d)
diff --git a/3557/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.sce b/3557/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1771639f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Example 14.1//
+
+//(a)=The mass of each component will be
+a=1.00;//m^3 //composite
+b=0.70;//m^3 //Vol % E-glass fibers
+c=a-b
+mprintf("c = %f m^3",c)
+d=2.54;//Mg/m^3 //density Of E-glass
+mg=d*b
+mprintf("\nmg = %f Mg",mg)
+e=1.1;//Mg/m^3 //density of epoxy
+me=e*c
+mprintf("\nme = %f Mg",me)
+w=(mg/(mg+me))*100
+mprintf("\nw = %f percent",w)
+//(b)= The density will be given by
+p=mg+me
+mprintf("\np = %f Mg/m^3",p)
diff --git a/3557/CH14/EX14.10/Ex14_10.sce b/3557/CH14/EX14.10/Ex14_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..68072e84a --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH14/EX14.10/Ex14_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example 14.10//
+a=175;//Mpa //the tensile strength of pure aluminium
+b=1.02*10^-1;//kg/mm^2/Mpa
+c=2.70;//Mg/m^3 //density of aluminium
+d=10^3;//kg/Mg //given
+e=1;//m^3 //cubic meter
+f=10^9;//mm^3 //given
+sp=(a*b)/(c*d*(e/f))
+mprintf("sp = %e mm",sp)
+a1=350;//mm //the tensile strength of the dispersion strengthened aluminium
+b1=1.02*10^-1;//mm//given
+c1=2.83;//Mg/m^3// density of aluminium
+g=10^-6;//given
+s=(a1*b1)/(c1*g)
+mprintf("\ns = %e mm",s)
diff --git a/3557/CH14/EX14.11/Ex14_11.sce b/3557/CH14/EX14.11/Ex14_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d02829126 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH14/EX14.11/Ex14_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +//Example 14.11//
+
+a=4100;//strength (psi)
+b=3100;//strength (psi)
+i1=((a-b)/b)*100
+mprintf("i1 = %f percent",i1)
diff --git a/3557/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.sce b/3557/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f24a0de82 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 14.2//
+
+C=12.01;//amu // atomic mass of Carbon
+H=1.008;//amu //atomic mass of hydrogen
+O=16.00;//amu //atomic mass of oxygen
+a=200;//degree of polymerization
+b=6;//numbers of atoms
+e=10;//numbers of atoms
+d=5;//numbers of atoms
+mw=(a)*(b*C+e*H+d*O)
+mprintf("mw = %i g/mol (Answer calculated in the texbook is wrong)",mw)
diff --git a/3557/CH14/EX14.3/Ex14_3.sce b/3557/CH14/EX14.3/Ex14_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2e5c2bff5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH14/EX14.3/Ex14_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +//Example 14.3//
+Ca=40.08;//amu //atomic mass of Calcium
+O=16.00;//amu //atomic mass of oxygen
+Si=28.09;//amu //atomic mass of Silicon
+a=2;//Number of atoms
+f1=(3*(Ca+O))/(3*(Ca+O)+(Si+a*O))
+mprintf("f1 = %f",f1)
+b=1;//given
+f2=b-f1
+mprintf("\nf2= %f",f2)
+//Similarly
+f3=(2*(Ca+O))/(2*(Ca+O)+(Si+a*O))
+mprintf("\nf3= %f",f3)
+f4=b-f3
+mprintf("\nf4= %f",f4)
+Mg=26.98;//amu //atomic mass of magnesium
+c=3;//Number of atoms
+f5=(3*(Ca+O))/(3*(Ca+O)+(a*Mg+c*O))
+mprintf("\nf5= %f",f5)
+f6=b-f5
+mprintf("\nf6= %f",f6)
+Mn=55.85;//amu //atomic mas of Magnese
+f7=(4*(Ca+O))/((4*(Ca+O))+(a*Mg+c*O)+(a*Mn+c*O))
+mprintf("\nf7 = %f",f7)
+Al=26.98;//amu //atomic mass of aluminium
+f8=((a*Al)+(c*O))/(4*(Ca+O)+(a*Mg+c*O)+(a*Mn+c*O))
+mprintf("\nf8= %f",f8)
+//Total mass of CaO
+mcs=45;//kg
+mc2s=11;//kg
+i=8;//kg
+j=27;//kg
+mc=(f1*mcs)+(f3*j)+(f5*mc2s)+(f7*i)
+mprintf("\nmc = %f kg",mc)
+//Similarly
+ma=(f6*mc2s)+(f8*i)
+mprintf("\nma = %f kg",ma)
+ms=(f2*mcs)+(f4*j)
+mprintf("\nms = %f kg",ms)
+t=(mc+ma +ms)
+mprintf("\nt = %f percentage",t)
diff --git a/3557/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.sce b/3557/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dc1d69047 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example 14.4//
+
+a0=1.0;//m^3 // composite
+d=a0-a
+mprintf("d= %f m^3",d)
+pA=2.70;//Mg/m^3 //density of aluminium (at 20degree C)
+a1=3.97;//Mg/m^3 //density of Al2O3
+a=0.1;//m^3 //meter //For 1m^3 we shall have 0.1m^3 of Al2O3
+ma=a1*a
+mprintf("\nma = %f Mg",ma)
+b=0.9;//m^3 //cubic meter
+ma1=pA*b
+mprintf("\nma1 = %f Mg",ma1)
+pc=(ma+ma1)
+mprintf("\npc = %f Mg/m^3",pc)
diff --git a/3557/CH14/EX14.5/Ex14_5.sce b/3557/CH14/EX14.5/Ex14_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..054a53c26 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH14/EX14.5/Ex14_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//Example 14.5//
+
+Em=6.9*10^3;//MPa //polymeric matrix modulus
+Ef=72.4*10^3;//MPa //E- glass -reinforced epoxy
+vm=0.4; //volume fractions of matrix and fibers
+vf=0.6; //volume fractions of matrix and fibers
+Ec=vm*Em+vf*Ef
+mprintf("Ec = %e MPa",Ec)
diff --git a/3557/CH14/EX14.6/Ex14_6.sce b/3557/CH14/EX14.6/Ex14_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..01b8de13a --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH14/EX14.6/Ex14_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +//Example 14.6//
+vm=0.4;
+km=0.17;//W/(m.K)
+vf=0.6;
+kf=0.97;//W/(m.K)
+kc=vm*km+vf*kf
+mprintf("kc = %f W/(m.K)",kc)
diff --git a/3557/CH14/EX14.7/Ex14_7.sce b/3557/CH14/EX14.7/Ex14_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..671c17615 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH14/EX14.7/Ex14_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example 14.7//
+Em=6.9*10^3;//MPa
+Ef=72.4*10^3;//MPa
+vm=0.4;
+Ef=72.4*10^3;//MPa
+vf=0.6;
+km=0.17;//W/(m.k)
+kf=0.97;//W/(m.k)
+vm=0.4;
+vf=0.6;
+Ec=(Em*Ef)/((vm*Ef)+(vf*Em))
+mprintf("Ec = %e MPa",Ec)
+kc=(km*kf)/((vm*kf)+(vf*km))
+mprintf("\nkc = %f W/(m.k)",kc)
diff --git a/3557/CH14/EX14.8/Ex14_8.sce b/3557/CH14/EX14.8/Ex14_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fbda30df1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH14/EX14.8/Ex14_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +//Example 14.8//
+Ec=366;//MPa // composite modulus
+El=207;//modulus for Co
+Eh=704;//modulus for WC Phase
+vl=0.5;//low modulus phase
+vh=0.5;// high modulus phase
+n=1; //given
+n1=(1/2);//given
+n2=0.01;//given
+n3=-0.01;//given
+n4=-1;//given
+A=(Ec)^n
+mprintf("A = %i ",A)
+B=(vl*(El)^n)+(vh*(Eh)^n)
+mprintf(" B = %f ",B)
+C=B/A
+mprintf(" C = %f ",C)
+A1=(Ec)^n1
+mprintf("\nA1 = %f ",A1)
+B1=(vl*(El)^n1)+(vh*(Eh)^n1)
+mprintf(" B1 = %f ",B1)
+C1=B1/A1
+mprintf(" C1 = %f ",C1)
+A2=(Ec)^n2
+mprintf("\nA2 = %f ",A2)
+B2=(vl*(El)^n2)+(vh*(Eh)^n2)
+mprintf(" B2 = %f ",B2)
+C2=B2/A2
+mprintf(" C2 = %i ",C2)
+A3=(Ec)^n3
+mprintf("\nA3 = %f ",A3)
+B3=(vl*(El)^n3)+(vh*(Eh)^n3)
+mprintf(" B3 = %f ",B3)
+C3=B3/A3
+mprintf(" C3 = %f ",C3)
+A4=(Ec)^n4
+mprintf("\nA4 = %e ",A4)
+B4=(vl*(El)^n4)+(vh*(Eh)^n4)
+mprintf(" B4 = %e ",B4)
+C4=B4/A4
+mprintf(" C4 = %f ",C4)
+x=[1 1/2 0.01 -0.01 -1];
+y=[1.24 1.07 1.00 0.999 1.15];
+plot2d(x,y, style=1)
+ylabel("B/A","fontsize",4)
+//Therefore
+mprintf("\n n=0")
diff --git a/3557/CH14/EX14.9/Ex14_9.sce b/3557/CH14/EX14.9/Ex14_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cda4b6cdd --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH14/EX14.9/Ex14_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example 14.9//
+
+vm=(1.000-0.733);// volume fractions of matrix //(The values of vm are taken from table 14.10 and 14.11)
+Em=6.9*10^3;//MPa //polymeric matrix modulus
+vf=0.733;//volume fractions of fibers // (The values of vf are taken from table 14.10 and 14.11)
+Ef=72.4*10^3;//MPa//E- glass -reinforced epoxy
+Ec=(vm*Em)+(vf*Ef)
+mprintf("Ec = %e MPa",Ec)
+//for this case Ec=56*10^3 MPa or
+a=56;//Mpa(The values are from table 14.12)
+b=54.9;//(The values are taken from table 14.12)
+e=((a-b)/a)*100
+mprintf("\n e = %f percent",e)
+mprintf("\n The calculated value comes within 2 percent of the measured value" )
diff --git a/3557/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.sce b/3557/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..405317efc --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example 15.1//
+
+V=432*10^-3;//V //Voltage
+I=10;//A //current
+R=V/I //Ohm's Law
+mprintf("R = %e ohm",R)
+A=0.5*10^-3;//m//Area
+l=1;//m //length
+p=(R*(%pi*(A)^2))/l
+mprintf("\np = %e ohm m",p)
+s=1/p
+mprintf("\ns = %e ohm^-1 m^-1",s)
+
+
diff --git a/3557/CH15/EX15.10/Ex15_10.sce b/3557/CH15/EX15.10/Ex15_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1a08f0eed --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH15/EX15.10/Ex15_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +//Example 15.10//
+
+a=17;//A //current along the long dimension
+b=1*10^-6;//m //thin strip with dimension
+c=1*10^-3;//m //thin strip wide dimension
+d=a/(b*c)
+mprintf("d = %e A/m^2",d)
diff --git a/3557/CH15/EX15.11/Ex15_11.sce b/3557/CH15/EX15.11/Ex15_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b24c57615 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH15/EX15.11/Ex15_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Example 15.11//
+
+q=0.16*10^-18;//C/ion //unit charge
+a=1;//ion
+b=4;//given
+c=6*10^-3;//nm
+d=10^-9;//m/nm
+Ti=a*b*q*c*d
+mprintf("Ti = +%e C m",Ti)
+a1=2;//ions
+b1=(-2);//given
+c1=-6*10^-3;//nm
+O2m=a1*b1*q*c1*d
+mprintf("\nO2m = +%e C m",O2m)
+c2=-9*10^-3;//nm
+O2b=a*b1*q*c2*d
+mprintf("\nO2b = +%e C m",O2b)
+Qd1=Ti+O2m+O2b
+mprintf("\nQd1 = %e C m",Qd1)
+//(b)
+//For Cubic BaTiO3, there are not net shift and by , deffinition
+mprintf("\nQd = 0")
diff --git a/3557/CH15/EX15.12/Ex15_12.sce b/3557/CH15/EX15.12/Ex15_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9e03b57ac --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH15/EX15.12/Ex15_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//Example 15.12//
+
+//Using result of sample problem 15.11a and the unit cell geometry of figure 15.22
+Qd=10.56*10^-30;//C m// The tetragonal BaTiO3 unit cell
+V1=0.403*10^-9;//m //length of the tetragonal unit cell
+V2=0.399*10^-9;//m //width of the tetragonal unit cell
+P=Qd/(V1*V2^2)
+mprintf("P = %f C/m^2",P)
diff --git a/3557/CH15/EX15.13/Ex15_13.sce b/3557/CH15/EX15.13/Ex15_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..937c8afec --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH15/EX15.13/Ex15_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example15.13//
+pSi=2.33;//g cm^-3 //Density of Silicon
+a=28.09;//amu //atomic mass of silicon
+b=10^6;//cm^3/m^3
+c=1;//g.atom
+e=0.6023*10^24;//atoms/g.atom //Avogadro's Number
+p=(pSi*b*(c/a)*e)
+mprintf("p = %e atoms/m^3",p)
+ne=14*10^15;//m^-3 //carrier density //(From the table 15.5)
+f=ne/p
+mprintf("\nf = %e ",f)
diff --git a/3557/CH15/EX15.14/Ex15_14.sce b/3557/CH15/EX15.14/Ex15_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..91da5e9f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH15/EX15.14/Ex15_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +//Example 15.14//
+vm=0.5;
+sim=(35.6*10^6);//ohm^-1 m^-1
+vf=0.5;
+sif=(10^-11);//ohm^-1 m^-1
+sc=(vm*sim)+(vf*sif)
+mprintf("sc = %e ohm^-1 m^-1",sc)
diff --git a/3557/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.sce b/3557/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..35a253176 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +//Example15.2//
+s=58.00*10^6;//ohm^-1 m^-1
+q=0.16*10^-18;//C
+u=3.5*10^-3;//m^2/(V.s)
+n1=s/(q*u)
+mprintf("n1 = %e m^-3",n1)
diff --git a/3557/CH15/EX15.3/Ex15_3.sce b/3557/CH15/EX15.3/Ex15_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5599950f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH15/EX15.3/Ex15_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 15.3//
+
+pcu=8.93;// g cm^-3 //Density of Copper
+a=63.55;//amu //atomic mass of copper
+c=10^6;//cm^3/m^3 //given
+d=1;//g.atom //given
+h=0.6023*10^24;//atoms/g.atom //Avogardo's Number
+p=pcu*c*(d/a)*(h)
+mprintf("p = %e atoms/m^3",p)
+a1=104*10^27;//m^-3 //density of free electrons in copper at room temperature
+e=a1/p
+mprintf("\ne = %f",e)
diff --git a/3557/CH15/EX15.4/Ex15_4.sce b/3557/CH15/EX15.4/Ex15_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ebb6a989f --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH15/EX15.4/Ex15_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +//Example15.4//
+u=3.5*10^-3;//m^2/(V.s)
+E=0.5;//V.m^-1
+v=u*E
+mprintf("v = %e m/s",v)
diff --git a/3557/CH15/EX15.5/Ex15_5.sce b/3557/CH15/EX15.5/Ex15_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c05eb3433 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH15/EX15.5/Ex15_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 15.5//
+
+a=5.6;//eV //energy band gap
+b=2;//ev //given
+E=a/b
+//Using T=25 degree C= 298K
+mprintf("E = %f eV",E)
+T=298;//K //temperature
+k=86.2*10^-6;//eV K^-1//Boltzmann's constant
+c1=(%e^(E/(k*T)))+1
+//mprintf("c1 = %e ",c1)
+fE=1/c1
+mprintf("\n fE = %e ",fE)
diff --git a/3557/CH15/EX15.6/Ex15_6.sce b/3557/CH15/EX15.6/Ex15_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..64d42c66c --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH15/EX15.6/Ex15_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 15.6//
+
+a=1.107;//eV //conduction band in silicon
+b=2;//eV//electron volt //Given
+E=a/b
+mprintf("E = %f eV",E)
+k=86.2*10^-6;//eVk^-1 //Boltzmann's constant
+T=298;//k //kelvin //Temperature
+c=(%e^(E/(k*T)))+1
+//mprintf("c = %e ",c)
+fE=1/c
+mprintf("\nfE = %e ",fE)
diff --git a/3557/CH15/EX15.7/Ex15_7.sce b/3557/CH15/EX15.7/Ex15_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aaece24f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH15/EX15.7/Ex15_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example 15.7//
+
+prt=24.4*10^-9;//ohm m //room temperature value of restivity
+a=0.0034;//C^-1 //temperature coefficient of restivity
+t=200;// degree C //tempertaure
+tn=20;//degree C //room temperature
+p=(prt)*(1+a*(t-tn))
+mprintf("p = %e ohm m",p)
+s=1/p
+mprintf("\ns = %e ohm^-1 m^-1",s)
diff --git a/3557/CH15/EX15.8/Ex15_8.sce b/3557/CH15/EX15.8/Ex15_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c5dc1628c --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH15/EX15.8/Ex15_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 15.8//
+//from the figure
+//p20,Cu-0.1Si ~23.610^*9 ohm m
+prt=23.6*10^-9//ohm m //room temperature value of restivity
+a=0.00393;//C^-1//temperature coefficient of restivity
+t=100;//C //temperature
+tn=20;//C//room temperature
+p=prt*(1+a*(t-tn))
+mprintf("p = %e ohm m",p)
diff --git a/3557/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.sce b/3557/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..da69e6e95 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//Example 16.1//
+
+l=400*10^-9;//m //meter //wavelength
+h=(0.6626*10^-33);//J s //Joule-second //Plank's constant
+a=0.2998*10^9;//m/s //speed of light
+c=(6.242*10^18);//eV/J //1 Coulomb of charge
+E=((h*a)/l)*c
+mprintf("E = %f eV",E)
diff --git a/3557/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.sce b/3557/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..00ccfd7bb --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +//Example 16.2 //
+
+n=1.458;//Average refractive index of silica glass (SiO2)
+thethac=asind(1/n)
+mprintf("thethac = %f degree",thethac)
+
+
diff --git a/3557/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_3.sce b/3557/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..52406efbc --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +//Example 16.3//
+
+n=1.59;// Average refractive index Polystyrene
+R=((n-1)/(n+1))^2;//Fresnel's formula
+disp(R)
diff --git a/3557/CH16/EX16.4/Ex16_4.sce b/3557/CH16/EX16.4/Ex16_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1715c7254 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH16/EX16.4/Ex16_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 16.4//
+
+n=1.458;//Average refractive index Silica Glass (SiO2)
+Rs=(((n-1)/(n+1))^2)//Fresnel's formula
+mprintf("Rs = %f ",Rs)
+mprintf("(Instead of equal to sign it is given addition sign in the texbook)")
+//For PbO
+n1=2.60;//refractive index of PbO
+Rp=((n1-1)/(n1+1))^2//Fresnel's formula
+mprintf("\nRp = %f",Rp)
+R=Rp/Rs
+mprintf("\nR = %f",R)
diff --git a/3557/CH16/EX16.5/Ex16_5.sce b/3557/CH16/EX16.5/Ex16_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5191eb9ce --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH16/EX16.5/Ex16_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example 16.5//
+h=(0.663*10^-33);//J s //Joule-second//Plank's constant
+c=(3.00*10^8);//m/s //meter per second //speed of light
+l=400*10^-9;//nm// wavelength
+a=6.242*10^18;//eV/J //1 Coulomb of charge
+dEb=(h*c)/l
+mprintf("dEb = %e V",dEb)
+dEb1=dEb*a
+mprintf("\ndEb1 = %f eV (Answer calculated in the textbook is wrong)",dEb1)
+l1=700*10^-9;//nm //wavelength
+dEr=(h*c)/l1
+mprintf("\ndEr %e eV",dEr)
+dEr1=dEr*a
+mprintf("\ndEr1= %f eV",dEr1)
+mprintf("\ndelE range: 2.84*10^-19 to 4.97*10^-19J (=1.77 to 4.88 eV)")
diff --git a/3557/CH16/EX16.6/Ex16_6.sce b/3557/CH16/EX16.6/Ex16_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8856a80b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH16/EX16.6/Ex16_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 16.6//
+
+h=0.663*10^-33;//J s //Planck's constant
+c=0.300*10^9;//m/s //speed of light
+Eg=1.47;//eV // energy gap for GaAs
+a=6.242*10^18;//eV/J //1 Coulomb of charge
+l=(h*c/Eg)*a
+mprintf("l = %e m",l)
+mprintf(" = 844nm (As 1nano = 10^-9)")
diff --git a/3557/CH16/EX16.7/Ex16_7.sce b/3557/CH16/EX16.7/Ex16_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7021fe147 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH16/EX16.7/Ex16_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +//Example 16.7//
+
+ncladding=1.460;//index of refraction for cladding
+ncore=1.470;// index of refraction for glass-fiber core
+thethac=asind(ncladding/ncore)
+mprintf("The value of ncore taken while calculating is ncore=1.479 but in the question the value of ncore is given n=1.470")
+mprintf("\nthethac = %f degree ",thethac)
diff --git a/3557/CH16/EX16.8/Ex16_8.sce b/3557/CH16/EX16.8/Ex16_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ef1fc4d26 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH16/EX16.8/Ex16_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//Example 16.8//
+h=0.663*10^-33;//J s //Planck's constant
+c=3.00*10^9;//m/s //speed of light
+Eg=2.59;//eV //energy gap for CdS
+a=(6.242*10^18);//eV/J //1 Coulomb of charge
+l=((h*c)/Eg)*a
+mprintf("l = %e m",l)
+mprintf(" = 479nm (As 1 nano = 10^-9)")
diff --git a/3557/CH17/EX17.1/Ex17_1.sce b/3557/CH17/EX17.1/Ex17_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..54aff4636 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH17/EX17.1/Ex17_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 17.1//
+
+psi=2.33;//g cm^-3 //Density of Silicon
+a=28.09;//amu //atomic mass of silicon
+b=10^6;//cm^3/m^3 //given
+c=1;//g.atom //given
+d=0.6023*10^24;//atoms/g.atom //Avogadro's Number
+p=psi*b*(c/a)*d
+mprintf("p = %e atoms/m^3",p)
+e=28;//conduction electron
+f=10^14;//atoms //given
+n=(e/f)*p
+mprintf("\nn = %e m^-3",n)
diff --git a/3557/CH17/EX17.10/Ex17_10.sce b/3557/CH17/EX17.10/Ex17_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c0069f09b --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH17/EX17.10/Ex17_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 17.10//
+
+//(a)
+Eg=1.107;//eV //bands gap
+h=(0.663*10^-33);//J s //Planck's constant
+c=(3*10^8);//m/s //speed of light
+q=0.16*10^-18;//J/eV // 1 Coulomb of charge
+a=10^9;//nm/m //given
+l=((h*c)/(Eg*q))*a
+mprintf(" Answer calculated in the texbook is wrong")
+mprintf("\nl = %i nm",l)
+//(b)
+Eg1=0.049;//eV// band gap
+l1=((h*c)/(Eg1*q))*a
+mprintf("\nl1 = %i nm",l1)
+
diff --git a/3557/CH17/EX17.11/Ex17_11.sce b/3557/CH17/EX17.11/Ex17_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ad96584b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH17/EX17.11/Ex17_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 17.11//
+
+b=100;//g //doped GaAs
+c=10^9;//ppb Se
+d=100;//g //given
+a=(d/c)*b
+mprintf("a = %e g Se",a)
+S=78.96;//g/g.atom //atomic mass of selenium
+Se=a/S
+mprintf("\nSe = %e g atom",Se)
+Ga=69.72;//g/mol //atomic mass of gallium
+As=74.92;//g/mol //atomic mass of arsenic
+G=(b-a)/(Ga+As)
+mprintf("\nG = %f mol",G)
+m=(Se/(G+Se))*100
+mprintf("\nm = %e mol percent",m)
diff --git a/3557/CH17/EX17.12/Ex17_12.sce b/3557/CH17/EX17.12/Ex17_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2db1cca7d --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH17/EX17.12/Ex17_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 17.12//
+
+n=(1.4*10^12);//m^-3 //density of charge carrier
+q=(0.16*10^-18);//C // Coulomb of Charge
+ue=0.720;//m^2 /(V s) //Electron mobility of GaAs
+uh=0.020;//m^2 /(V s) //Hole mobility of GaAs
+s=n*q*(ue+uh)
+mprintf("s = %e ohm^-1 m^-1",s)
+Eg=1.47;//eV //band gap
+k=86.2*10^-6;//eV/K //Boltzmann constant
+T=300;//K //absolute temperature
+s0=s*%e^((Eg)/(2*k*T))
+mprintf("\ns0 = %e ohm^-1 m^-1 ",s0)
+T2=323;//k //absolute temperature
+s50=s0*%e^-((Eg)/(2*k*T2))
+mprintf("\ns50 = %e ohm^-1 m^-1",s50)
diff --git a/3557/CH17/EX17.13/Ex17_13.sce b/3557/CH17/EX17.13/Ex17_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b834d1147 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH17/EX17.13/Ex17_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//Example 17.13//
+
+ue=0.070;//Electron Mobility CdTe (From table 17.5)
+uh=0.007;//holes Mobility CdTe (From table 17.5)
+fe=ue/(ue+uh)
+mprintf("fe = %f ",fe)
+fh=uh/(ue+uh)
+mprintf("\nfh = %f ",fh)
diff --git a/3557/CH17/EX17.14/Ex17_14.sce b/3557/CH17/EX17.14/Ex17_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..58e7f5815 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH17/EX17.14/Ex17_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//Example 17.14//
+
+b=1.008;//g //atomic mass of Hydrogen
+c=28.09;//g //atomic mass of Silicon
+a=100;//given
+e=0.2;//given
+f=0.8;//given
+a2=f*c //(cross multiplying)
+//mprintf("a2 = %f ",a2)
+a3=b*a //(cross multiplication)
+//mprintf("a3 = %f ",a3)
+a4=e*b //(cross multiplication)
+//mprintf("a4 = %f g Si",a4)
+a5=e*a3//multiplication
+//mprintf("a5 = %f g Si",a5)
+x=a5/(a2-a4)
+mprintf("x = %f g H",x)
+x1=0.889;//g H
+x2=a-x1
+mprintf("\nx2 = %f g Si",x2)
+a7=2.3; //g cm^-3 //density of pure amporhous silicon
+//the volume occupied by the silicon will be
+V=x2/a7
+mprintf("\nV = %f cm^3",V)
+//Therefore the density of the alloy will be
+p=a/V
+mprintf("\np = %f g cm^-3",p)
+//which is an increase of
+a1=((p-a7)/(a7))*100
+mprintf("\na1 = %f percent ",a1)
diff --git a/3557/CH17/EX17.15/Ex17_15.sce b/3557/CH17/EX17.15/Ex17_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ffe787a5c --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH17/EX17.15/Ex17_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +//Example 17.15//
+
+//(a)
+y1=1190;// degree C //y1 coordinate of the location where the line crosses the y axis.
+y2=1414;// degree C //y2 coordinate of the location where the line crosses the y axis.
+x1=99.985;;// wt % //composition of Si
+x2=100; //wt % // composition of Si
+a=y2-y1;//(subracting y intercept of linear euation)
+//mprintf("a = %i",a)
+a1=x2-x1 //(subracting m slope of line of linear equation)
+//mprintf("a1 = %f ",a1)
+m=a/a1; //(Obtaining m value)
+mprintf("m = %e ",m)
+b=y2-m*x2; //(Obtaining b value)
+mprintf("\nb = %e ",b)
+y3=1360;//degree C //composition
+x=(y3-b)/m
+mprintf("\nx = %f ",x)
+//The segregation coefficienct is calculated in terms of impurity levels
+Cs=x2-x
+mprintf("\nCs = %f wt percent Al",Cs)
+x3=90;//percent //si composition
+Cl=x2-x3;
+mprintf("\nCl = %i wt percent Al",Cl)
+K=Cs/Cl
+mprintf("\nK = %e ",K)
+
+//(b) For the liquids line a similar staright line expression take place on the values
+a4=y2-y3;//(subracting y intercept of linear euation)
+//mprintf("a4 = %i",a4)
+a5=x2-x3 //(subracting m slope of line of linear equation)
+//mprintf("a5 = %f ",a5)
+m1=a4/a5; //(Obtaining m value)
+mprintf("\nm1 = %e ",m1)
+b1=y2-m1*x2; //(Obtaining b value)
+mprintf("\nb1 = %f ",b1)
+//A 99 wt % Si bar will have a liquids temperature
+x4=99;//
+T=m1*(x4)+b1
+mprintf("\nT = %f degree C",T)
+//The corresponding solids composition is given by
+x5=(T-b)/m
+mprintf("\nx1 = %f wt percent Si",x1)
+//An alternate composition expression
+x5=99.999638;//Wt % Si
+c=100;//percent
+i=(x2-x5)/c
+mprintf("\ni = %e Al",i)
+mprintf("\nor 3.62 parts per million Al")
+mprintf("\nThese calculations are susceptible to round-off errors. Values of m and bin the solidus line equation must be carried to several palces")
diff --git a/3557/CH17/EX17.16/Ex17_16.sce b/3557/CH17/EX17.16/Ex17_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..25c9ba475 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH17/EX17.16/Ex17_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Example 17.16//
+
+Ic=5;//mA //Collector Current
+Ve=5;//mV // Emitter Voltage
+Ic1=50;//mA //Collector Current
+Ve2=25;//mV //Emitter voltage
+a=log(Ic1/Ic)//(Taking antilog to remove the exponential term)
+//mprintf("a = %f mV",a)
+b=(Ve2-Ve)//(Subtracting the terms)
+//mprintf("b = %i ",b)
+B=b/a //(Dividing the terms)
+mprintf("B = %f mV ",B)
+I0=Ic*%e^-(Ve/B)
+mprintf("\n I0 = %f mA",I0)
+//Therefore
+B1=8.69;//mV //constant
+Ve3=50;//mV //emitter voltage
+I01=2.81;//mA // collector current
+Ic=I01*%e^(Ve3/B1)
+mprintf("\nIc = %i mA",Ic)
diff --git a/3557/CH17/EX17.2/Ex17_2.sce b/3557/CH17/EX17.2/Ex17_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4080d3008 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH17/EX17.2/Ex17_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example 17.2//
+
+n=23*10^18; //m^-3 //density of conduction electron
+q=0.16*10^-18;//C //one elementary charge
+ue=0.364;//m^2/(V.s) //electron mobility of germanium
+uh=0.190;//m^2/(V.s)//hole mobility of germanium
+si=n*q*(ue+uh)
+mprintf("si = %f ohm^-1 m^-1",si)
+Eg=0.66;//eV //band gap
+k=(86.2*10^-6);//eV/K //Boltzmann constant
+T=300;//K //absolute temperature
+s0=si*%e^(Eg/(2*k*T))
+mprintf("\ns0 = %e ohm^-1 m^-1",s0)
+//Then
+T1=473;//K //absolute temperature
+s2=s0*%e^-(Eg/(2*k*T1))
+mprintf("\ns2 = %i ohm^-1 m^-1",s2)
diff --git a/3557/CH17/EX17.3/Ex17_3.sce b/3557/CH17/EX17.3/Ex17_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d46a96749 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH17/EX17.3/Ex17_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 17.3//
+
+T1=293;//K //Temperature
+T2=373;//K //Temperature
+k=86.2*10^-6;//eV/K //Boltzmann constant
+T3=1100;//ohm^-1 m^-1 //conductivity
+T4=250;//ohm^-1 m^-1 //conductivity
+Eg=-(2*k*(log(T3/T4)))/((1/T2)-(1/T1))
+mprintf("Eg = %f eV",Eg)
diff --git a/3557/CH17/EX17.4/Ex17_4.sce b/3557/CH17/EX17.4/Ex17_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dfe836c79 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH17/EX17.4/Ex17_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 17.4//
+
+//For 100g of doped silicon there will be
+b=100;//ppb //Al by weight
+c=10^9;//given
+d=100;//g Al
+a=(b/c)*d
+mprintf("a = %e g Al",a)
+e=26.98;//g/g.atom //atomic mass of aluminium
+Al=a/e
+mprintf("\nAl = %e g atom",Al)
+f=28.09;//g/g.atom // atomic mass of Silicon
+Si=(b-a)/f
+mprintf("\nSi = %f g atoms",Si)
+pAl=((Al)/(Si+Al))*100
+mprintf("\npAl = %e atomic percent",pAl)
diff --git a/3557/CH17/EX17.5/Ex17_5.sce b/3557/CH17/EX17.5/Ex17_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6b6350a43 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH17/EX17.5/Ex17_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 17.5//
+
+a=1.107;//eV //band gap
+b=2;//eV //given
+c=0.1;//eV //Fermi level shifted upward
+E=(a/b)-c
+mprintf("E = %f eV",E)
+k=86.2*10^-6;//eV k^-1//Boltazmann constant
+T=298;//K //Temperature
+fE=1/((%e^(E/(k*T)))+1)
+mprintf("\nfE = %e ",fE)
diff --git a/3557/CH17/EX17.6/Ex17_6.sce b/3557/CH17/EX17.6/Ex17_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..527d9d110 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH17/EX17.6/Ex17_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example 17.6//
+
+s=100;//ohm^-1 m^-1 //preexponential constant
+k=86.2*10^-6;//eV K^-1 //Boltzmann constant
+T=298;//K //Temperature
+Eg=1.0;//eV // band gap
+Ed=0.9;//eV //donor level
+//AT 25 degree C
+s0=s*%e^((Eg-Ed)/(k*T))
+mprintf("s0 = %e ohm^-1 m^-1",s0)
+//At 30degree C
+T1=303;//K//temperature
+s=s0*%e^-((Eg-Ed)/(k*T1))
+mprintf("\ns = %i ohm^-1 m^-1",s)
diff --git a/3557/CH17/EX17.7/Ex17_7.sce b/3557/CH17/EX17.7/Ex17_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bad1d0159 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH17/EX17.7/Ex17_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Example 17.7//
+
+s=60;//ohm^-1 m^-1 //extrinsic conductivity
+q=0.16*10^-18;//C //1 coulomb of charge
+ue=0.364;//m^2/(V.s) //electron mobility
+n=s/(q*ue)
+mprintf("n = %e m^-3",n)
+a=1.03*10^21;//atomsP/m^3
+b=30.97;//g P
+c=0.6023*10^24;//atoms P //Avaogardo's Number
+d=1;//cm^3 Ge //given
+e=5.32//g Ge // Density of Germanium
+f=1;//m^3 //given
+g=10^6;//cm^3 //given
+p=a*(b/c)*(d/e)*(f/g)
+mprintf("\np = %e g P/g Ge",p)
+j=10^9;//as 10^9= 1 billion
+i=p*j
+mprintf("\ni = %f ppb P",i)
+mprintf(" ( As 10^9 = 1 billion)")
diff --git a/3557/CH17/EX17.8/Ex17_8.sce b/3557/CH17/EX17.8/Ex17_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2ee762592 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH17/EX17.8/Ex17_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Example 17.8//
+
+a=23*10^18;//m^-3
+q=0.16*10^-18;//C //1 coulomb of charge
+b=0.364;//m^2/(V.s)//Electron mobility of germanium
+c=0.190;//m^2/(V.s) //Hole Mobility of Germanium
+s300K=a*q*(b+c)
+mprintf("s300K = %f ohm^-1 m^-1",s300K)
+Eg=0.66;//V //band gap
+k=86.2*10^-6;//eV/K //Boltzmann constant
+T=300;//K //absolute temperature
+s0=s300K*%e^((Eg)/(2*k*T))
+mprintf("\ns0 = %e ohm^-1 m^-1",s0)
+Eg1=-0.66;//eV//band gap
+i=60;//ohm^-1 m^-1 //extrinsic conductivity
+j=log(i/s0);// Taking log to remove exponential term
+//mprintf("j = %f ",j)
+T1=1/((j*2*k)/Eg1);//(Cross multiply and dividing)
+mprintf("\nT1 = %i K = 135degree C",T1)
+//(b)
+Ed=0.012;//eV
+T2=373;//K //absolute temperature
+s1=i*%e^((Ed)/(k*T2))
+mprintf("\ns1 = %f ohm^-1 m^-1",s1)
+//At 300K
+T3=300;//K //absolute temperature
+s2=s1*%e^-((Ed)/(k*T3))
+mprintf("\ns2 = %f ohm^-1 m^-1",s2)
diff --git a/3557/CH17/EX17.9/Ex17_9.sce b/3557/CH17/EX17.9/Ex17_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9fc2019af --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH17/EX17.9/Ex17_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ + //Example 17.9//
+
+//Extrinsic data
+s1=60;//ohm^-1 m^-1 //conduvtivity
+ln1=log(s1)
+mprintf("ln1 = %f ohm^-1 m^-1",ln1)
+t1=373;//K //Temperature
+T1=1/t1
+mprintf("\nT1 = %e k^-1",T1)
+s2=54.8;//ohm^-1 m^-1//conductivity
+ln2=log(s2)
+mprintf("\nln2 = %f ohm^-1 m^-1",ln2)
+t2=300;//K //Temperature
+T2=1/t2
+mprintf("\nT2 = %e k^-1",T2)
+
+//Intrinsic Data
+s3=60;//ohm^-1 m^-1 //conductivity
+ln3=log(s3)
+mprintf("\nln3 = %f ohm^-1 m^-1",ln3)
+t3=408;//K //Temperature
+T3=1/t3
+mprintf("\nT3 = %e K^-1",T3)
+s4=2.04;//ohm^-1 m^-1 //conductivity
+ln4=log(s4)
+mprintf("\nln4 = %f Ohm^-1 m^-1",ln4)
+t4=300;//K //Temperaure
+T4=1/t4
+mprintf("\nT4 = %e K",T4)
+x=[2.68 3.33 2.45 3.33];
+y=[4.09 4.00 4.09 0.713];
+plot2d(x,y, style=1)
+ylabel("ln sigma (ohm^-1 m^-1)", "fontsize", 4);
+xlabel("1/T*10^3 (K^-1)", "fontsize", 4 );
+
diff --git a/3557/CH18/EX18.1/Ex18_1.sce b/3557/CH18/EX18.1/Ex18_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..314292ebe --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH18/EX18.1/Ex18_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 18.1//
+ur=1.01;
+u0=4*%pi*10^-7;//henry/m
+H=2*10^5;//amperes/m
+B=ur*u0*H
+mprintf("B = %f weber/m^2",B)
+//Using second equality, we obtain
+M=(ur-1)*(H)
+mprintf("\nM = %e amperes/m",M)
diff --git a/3557/CH18/EX18.3/Ex18_3.sce b/3557/CH18/EX18.3/Ex18_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..40825bde5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH18/EX18.3/Ex18_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example18.3//
+
+x=[6*10^4 1*10^4 0 -1*10^4 -2*10^4 -3*10^4 -4*10^4 -5*10^4 -6*10^4 -6*10^4 -1e4 0 1e4 2e4 3e4 4e4 5e4 6e4]
+y=[0.65 0.58 0.56 0.53 0.46 0.30 0 -0.44 -0.65 -0.65 -0.58 -0.56 -0.53 -0.46 -0.30 0 0.44 0.65]
+plot2d(x,y, style=1)
+xlabel("H(10^4 A/m)", "fontsize", 2);
+ylabel("Br(web/m2");
+mprintf("(b) The remanent induction Br =0.56 weber/m^2 at (H = 0)")
+mprintf("\n(c) The coercive field Hc = -4*10^4 amperes/m (at B= 0)")
diff --git a/3557/CH18/EX18.4/Ex18_4.sce b/3557/CH18/EX18.4/Ex18_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..071742498 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH18/EX18.4/Ex18_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 18.4//
+
+n=8;//numbers Ni2+/ unit cell
+n1=2; //moment of Ni2+
+m=n*n1
+mprintf("m = %i ",m)
+a=18.4;// measured value of nickel ferrite
+e=((a-m)/a)*100
+mprintf("\ne = %i percent",e)
diff --git a/3557/CH18/EX18.5/Ex18_5.sce b/3557/CH18/EX18.5/Ex18_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..667dfa062 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH18/EX18.5/Ex18_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +//Example 18.5//
+
+a=18.4;// measured value of nickel ferrite
+ub=9.274*10^-24;//A m^2// ampere-meters square //Moment
+v=(0.833*10^-9);//m //meter // volume of unit cell
+Ms=(a*ub)/v^3
+mprintf("Ms = %e A/m",Ms)
diff --git a/3557/CH18/EX18.6/Ex18_6.sce b/3557/CH18/EX18.6/Ex18_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..23cd0d564 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH18/EX18.6/Ex18_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example18.6//
+
+a=8.9*10^4;//(amperes/m)(webers/m^2) // Area
+mprintf("a= %e (amperes.webers)/m^3",a)
+//one ampere weber is equal to 1joule. The area is then a volume density of energy ,or
+e=8.9*10^4//J/m^3 //energy loss
+b= 10^-3; //As 1Kilogram = 10^3 gram
+e1=e*b
+mprintf("\ne1 = %i kJ/m^3 (per cycle) (As 1Kilogram = 10^3 garm)",e1)
diff --git a/3557/CH18/EX18.7/Ex18_7.sce b/3557/CH18/EX18.7/Ex18_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..be4f4420c --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH18/EX18.7/Ex18_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//Example 18.7//
+
+y=[0 9 9.2 5.3 0]; //B(webers/m^2)
+x=[0 0.30 0.46 0.53 0.56]; //(BH(weber A/m^3 = J/m^3)
+plot2d(x,y, style=1)
+mprintf("(BH)max ~10*10^3 J/m^3")
+ylabel("BH*(kJ/m^3)","fontsize",4);
+xlabel("B(web/m^2)","fontsize",4);
diff --git a/3557/CH18/EX18.8/Ex18_8.sce b/3557/CH18/EX18.8/Ex18_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4d9829eec --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH18/EX18.8/Ex18_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +//Example 18.8//
+r=0.067;//nm
+R=0.132;//nm
+ra=r/R
+disp(ra)
diff --git a/3557/CH18/EX18.9/Ex18_9.sce b/3557/CH18/EX18.9/Ex18_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1ed60dd8c --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH18/EX18.9/Ex18_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Example 18.8//
+
+//(a)
+a=8;// magnetic moment/unit cell
+b=5;//moment of Mn2+
+m=a*b
+mprintf("m = %i ",m)
+
+//(b)
+c=16;//(number Fe3+/unit cell)
+d=5;//(moment of Fe3+)
+m1=-(a*b)+(c*d)
+mprintf("\nm1 = %i ",m1)
+
+//(c) A 50:50 mixture will give
+a1=0.5;//given
+m2=(a1*m1)+(a1*m1)
+mprintf("\nm2 = %i ",m2)
diff --git a/3557/CH19/EX19.1/Ex19_1.sce b/3557/CH19/EX19.1/Ex19_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7c570ffc2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH19/EX19.1/Ex19_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example 19.1//
+
+t=0;//time
+y=100;//nm//thickness of oxide coating
+c4=1;//given
+c5=y^2-c4*t;//substituting value in the equation
+mprintf("c5 = %e nm^2",c5)
+//For
+t1=1;//h //hour //time
+y1=200;//nm //thickness of oxide coating
+c4=y1^2-c5 //substituting values in the equation
+mprintf("\nc4 = %e nm^2/h",c4)
+//Then
+t2=24;//h//hour //time
+y2=c4*t2+c5
+mprintf("\ny2 = %e nm^2",y2)
+mprintf("\nor y=854nm (=0.854 mew m) ")
diff --git a/3557/CH19/EX19.10/Ex19_10.sce b/3557/CH19/EX19.10/Ex19_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5f5d5b5cc --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH19/EX19.10/Ex19_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example19.10//
+
+k=45*10^-3;// wear coefficient
+P=50;//Kg //Kilograms //Load
+x=5;//mm //millimeter //distance
+H=235;//kg/mm^2 //hardness of the surface being worn away
+V=(k*P*x)/(3*H)
+mprintf("V = %f mm^3",V)
+//As the volume of a hemisphere is (1/12)*pi*d^3
+a=12; //volume of hemisphere
+d=nthroot(((a*V)/%pi),3)
+mprintf("\nd = %f mm ",d)
diff --git a/3557/CH19/EX19.11/Ex19_11.sce b/3557/CH19/EX19.11/Ex19_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0ac07ca4c --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH19/EX19.11/Ex19_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 19.11// + +EK=(-7112);//eV // the innermost electron orbital shell +EL=(-708);//eV // the innermost electron next shell +Eka=abs(EK-EL) +mprintf("Eka = %i eV",Eka) +EM=(-53);//eV //heavier electrons +Ekb=abs(EK-EM) +mprintf("\nEkb = %i eV",Ekb) +EKLL=abs(EK-EL)-abs(EL) +mprintf("\nEKLL = %i eV",EKLL) + diff --git a/3557/CH19/EX19.2/Ex19_2.sce b/3557/CH19/EX19.2/Ex19_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..207c6bac6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH19/EX19.2/Ex19_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example19.2//
+
+a=2; //Number of atoms
+b=63.55;//amu //atomic mass of copper //(From Appendix 1)
+c=16.00;//amu //atomic mass of Oxygen //(From Appendix 1)
+d=8.93;//density
+e=6.00;//Mg/m^3 //density of Cu2O
+R=([(a*b)+c]*d)/(a*b*e);//Pilling-Bedworth
+disp(R)
diff --git a/3557/CH19/EX19.3/Ex19_3.sce b/3557/CH19/EX19.3/Ex19_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0a5db1129 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH19/EX19.3/Ex19_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example19.3//
+
+//The current indicates a flow rate of electrons
+a=10*10^-3;//C/s // coulomb per second
+b=1;//electron
+c=0.16*10^-18;//C //1 Coulomb of charge
+I=a*b/c
+mprintf("I = %e electrons/s",I)
+
+//As the oxidation of each iron atom generates two electrons
+d=1;//reaction
+e=2;//electrons
+r=I*d/e
+mprintf("\nr = %e reaction/s",r)
diff --git a/3557/CH19/EX19.4/Ex19_4.sce b/3557/CH19/EX19.4/Ex19_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f883f3763 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH19/EX19.4/Ex19_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example 19.4//
+
+//(a)
+mprintf("Inspection of Table 19.2 indicates that zinci is anodic to iron. Therefore zinci will be corroded")
+
+//(b)Again using Table 19.2 the voltage will be
+b=(-0.763);//V //Electrode potential versus normal hydrogen at 25 degree C //(From the table)
+a=(-0.440);//V ///Electrode potential versus normal hydrogen at 25 degree C
+voltage=a-b
+mprintf("\nvoltage = %f V",voltage)
diff --git a/3557/CH19/EX19.5/Ex19_5.sce b/3557/CH19/EX19.5/Ex19_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d27fcafff --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH19/EX19.5/Ex19_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Example 19.5//
+
+a=100;//g Fe //corrosion
+b=55.85;//g Fe/g atom Fe // Atomic mass of iron (From Appendix 1)
+c=1/2;//mole O2 //Given
+d=1;//mole Fe //Given
+m=(a/b)*(c/d)
+mprintf("m = %f mole O2",m)
+
+//Using ideal gas law, we obtain
+//At STP
+n=0.895;//mole //number of moles
+R=8.314;//J/mol K //gas constant
+T=273;//K //Temperature of the gas
+a1=1;//atm //atmosphere
+b1=1;//Pa //Pascal
+P=9.869*10^-6;//atm // atmosphere //pressure of the gas
+V=(n*R*T)/(a1*b1/P)
+mprintf("\n V= %f m^3",V)
diff --git a/3557/CH19/EX19.6/Ex19_6.sce b/3557/CH19/EX19.6/Ex19_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..409a90ab9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH19/EX19.6/Ex19_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 19.6//
+
+a=0.000;//V //volt //standard state potential for the hydrogen half cell
+b=(-0.763);//V //volt //standard state potential for the zinci half cell
+V0=a-b
+mprintf("V0 = %f V",V0)
+n=2;//As two electrons are transferred per Zn atom
+V=0.45;//V //Cell voltage
+c=(-0.059);//From the formula
+pH=((V-V0)*n)/(c*n)
+mprintf("\npH = %f ",pH)
+
diff --git a/3557/CH19/EX19.7/Ex19_7.sce b/3557/CH19/EX19.7/Ex19_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b24f2e68c --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH19/EX19.7/Ex19_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Example 19.7//
+
+f1=24.31;//g //atomic mass of magnesium
+e=0.6023*10^24;//atoms //Avogardo's Number
+q=0.16*10^-18;// C/electron //1 coulomb of charge
+a=2;//kg //Kilogram //sacrificial anode of magnesium
+b=3;// months //period
+c=1000;//g //gram
+d=1;//kg //kilogram
+f=2;//electrons/atom
+h=1;//month //period
+a1=31;//d //days //period
+a3=1;//d //days //period
+b1=24;//h //hours //time
+b2=1;//h //hours //time
+c1=3600;//s //seconds //time
+d1=1;//A //ampere //current
+e1=1;// C/s //coloumb per second
+current=(a/b)*(c/d)*(e/f1)*f*q*(h/a1)*(a3/b1)*(b2/c1)*(d1/e1)
+mprintf("current %f A ",current)
diff --git a/3557/CH19/EX19.8/Ex19_8.sce b/3557/CH19/EX19.8/Ex19_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2f1d455b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH19/EX19.8/Ex19_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 19.8//
+
+b=0.09;//V //constant equal to slope of the electrochemical potential plot
+i=1;//A/m^2 //corresponding current density
+i0=10^-3// A/m^2 //standard state current density
+n=b*log10(i/i0)
+mprintf("n = %f V",n)
+
+//Giving an electrochemical potential at 1A/m^2 of
+a=(-0.763);//V //standard state potential for the zinci half cell
+V=a+n
+mprintf("\nV = %f V",V)
diff --git a/3557/CH19/EX19.9/Ex19_9.sce b/3557/CH19/EX19.9/Ex19_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..96968f541 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH19/EX19.9/Ex19_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//Example 19.9//
+
+h=(0.6626*10^-33);//J s //Joule-second //Planck's Constant
+c=(0.2998*10^9);//m/s //meters per second //speed of light
+l=400*10^-9;//m //meters // Wavelength
+a=6.242*10^18;//eV/J //1 Coulomb of charge
+E=((h*c)/l)*a
+mprintf("E = %f eV",E)
diff --git a/3557/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce b/3557/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..819e2089a --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Example 2.1//
+d= 8.93;//g/cm^3 // density of copper
+a=63.55;//amu // atomic mass of copper
+//The volume sampled
+c=1;//mew meter //deep cylinder in the surface of solid copper
+e=2;//given
+f=1;//cm //centimeter
+g=10^4;//mew m
+vs=(%pi*(c/e)^2)*(1/10^4)^3//Volume sampled formula
+mprintf(" vs = %e cm^3",vs)
+//Thus, the number of atoms sampled
+a1=8.93;//g/cm^3
+b=0.602*10^24;//atoms//Avogadro's number
+c1=63.55;//g
+ns=a1*vs*b/c1
+mprintf("\n ns = %e atoms",ns)
diff --git a/3557/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce b/3557/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..94a54857e --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//Example 2.10//
+a=2;//Given
+b=370;//kJ/mol //Bond energy
+c=680;//kJ/mol //Bond energy
+r=a*b
+mprintf("r = %i kJ/mol",r)
+re=r-c
+mprintf("\nre = %i kJ/mol",re)
diff --git a/3557/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce b/3557/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9c9c32649 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 2.12//
+kr=16.16*10^-135;// J m^12 //constant of attraction
+ka=10.37*10^-78;//J m^6 //constant of replusion
+a0=(2*(kr/ka))^(1/6)
+mprintf("a0 = %e m = 0.382nm (As 1 nano = 10^-9)",a0)
+a1=0.382*10^-9;//meter
+E=-(ka/a1^6)+(kr/a1^12)
+mprintf("\nE = %e J",E)
+a=-1.66*10^-21;//J/bond
+b=(0.602*10^24);// bonds/mole
+Eb=a*b
+mprintf("\nEb = %e J/mol = 0.999 kJ/mol (As 10^3gram = 1Kilogram)",Eb)
diff --git a/3557/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce b/3557/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4e76dc358 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 2.2//
+a=24.31;//g //atomic mass of Mg (in gram)
+a1=16.00;//g //atomic mass of O (in gram)
+m=a+a1;// mass of 1 mol of MgO
+mprintf("m = %f g ",m)
+v=22.37;//mm //Volume
+b=10^-3;//cm^3/mm^3
+d=m/(v^3*b)
+mprintf("\nd = %f g/cm^3",d)
diff --git a/3557/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce b/3557/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..acbd5bb4e --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example 2.3//
+d= 1.74;// g/cm^3 //density of Mg
+a= 24.31;//amu //atomic mass of Mg
+v=a/d;// volume of 1 mol
+mprintf("v = %f cm^3/mol",v)
+c=10;//mm/cm
+e= (v)^(1/3);//cm //edge of cube
+//mprintf("\ne = %f cm",e)
+e1=e*c
+mprintf("\ne1 = %f mm",e1)
diff --git a/3557/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce b/3557/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5f28436a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Example 2.5//
+
+rna=0.098;//nm // Ionic radius of Sodium (From appendix 2)
+rcl=0.181;//nm // Ionic radius of Cholrine (From Appendix 2)
+a0=rna+rcl
+mprintf("a0 = %f nm",a0)
+k0=9*10^9;//V m/C //Proportionality constant
+z1=0.16*10^-18;//C //coloumb //valence of charged ion
+z2=0.16*10^-18;//C //coloumb //valence of charged ion
+q=1;// charge of single electron
+q1=-1;//charge of single electron
+a1=0.278*10^-9;//nm// separation distance between the centers of th ions
+FC=-(k0*q*z1*q1*z2)/(a1^2)
+mprintf("\nFC = %e N",FC)
+// Nothing that 1V C=1J, we obtain
+
+//(b) Because FC+FR =0
+FR=-FC
+mprintf("\nFR = %e N",FR)
diff --git a/3557/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce b/3557/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9a1327761 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example 2.6//
+rNa=0.098//nm // Ionic radius of Sodium (From appendix 2)
+rO=0.132//nm // // Ionic radius of Oxygen (From appendix 2)
+a0=rNa+rO//nm
+mprintf("a0 = %f nm",a0)
+k0=9*10^9;//m/C // proportionality constant
+q=1;//charge of single electron
+z1=0.16*10^-18;//C //valence of the charged ions
+z2=0.16*10^-18;//C //valence of the charged ions
+q1=-2;//charge of single electron
+a1=0.231*10^-9;//nm //separation distance between the centers of th ions
+Fc=-(k0*q*z1*q1*z2)/(a1)^2
+mprintf("\nFc = %e N",Fc)
+Fr=-Fc
+mprintf("\n Fr = %e N",Fr)
diff --git a/3557/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce b/3557/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..517b72418 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +//Example 2.7//
+
+a=sqrt(3);// Given //By formula
+b=1;//Given
+r=a-b
+disp(r)
diff --git a/3557/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce b/3557/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aa1b72592 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//Example2.8//
+//From Appendix 2
+rAl=0.057;//nm //Ionic radius of Aluminium
+rB=0.02;//nm //Ionic radius of Boron
+rCa=0.106;//nm //Ionic radius of Calcium
+rMg=0.078;//nm// Ionic radius of Magnesium
+rSi=0.039;//nm //Ionic radius of Silicon
+rTi=0.064;//nm //Ionic radius of Titanium
+rO=0.132//nm //Ionic radius of Oxygen
+r=rAl/rO
+mprintf("r = %f ",r)
+//For B2O3
+r1=rB/rO
+mprintf("\nr1 = %f ,giving CN=2",r1)
+//For CaO
+r2=rCa/rO
+mprintf("\nr2 = %f ,giving CN=8",r2)
+//For MgO
+r3=rMg/rO
+mprintf("\nr3 = %f ,giving CN=6",r3)
+//For SiO2
+r4=rSi/rO
+mprintf("\nr4 = %f ,giving CN=4",r4)
+//For TiO2
+r5=rTi/rO
+mprintf("\nr5 = %f ,giving CN=6",r5)
+mprintf("\nThe coordination number for the cation is obtain from Table 2.1")
diff --git a/3557/CH20/EX20.2/Ex20_2.sce b/3557/CH20/EX20.2/Ex20_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fe71ac12b --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH20/EX20.2/Ex20_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +//Example 20.2//
+wt=570;//kg// wt savings/aircraft
+a=50;//airc raft
+b=830;//1per yr/kg // (fuel/year)/(wt savings)
+f=wt*b*a
+mprintf("f = %e l",f)
diff --git a/3557/CH20/EX20.3/Ex20_3.sce b/3557/CH20/EX20.3/Ex20_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c408a0719 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH20/EX20.3/Ex20_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +//Example 20.3//
+a=1.21;//dollar/kg
+b=0.70;// fabrication yield rate
+phenolic=a/b
+mprintf("phenolic =$ %f /kg ",phenolic)
+a1=4.30;//dollar/kg
+b1=0.95;// fabrication yield rate
+polyester=a1/b1
+mprintf("\npolyester $%f /kg",polyester)
+//Then the net materials cost per part is
+c=2.9;//g/part
+d=1;//kg //kilogram
+e=1000;//g //gram
+p=phenolic*c*d/e
+mprintf("\np = $%f /part =0.5cents/part",p)
+py=polyester*c*d/e
+mprintf("\npy =$%f /part =1.3cents/part",py)
+a1=10;//dollar per hour/operator
+b1=1;//operator
+c1=35;//s/cycle
+d1=4;//parts/cycle
+e1=1;//hour
+f1=3600;//s //seconds
+p1=a1*b1*(c1/d1)*(e1/f1)
+mprintf("\np1 = %f /part = 2.4cents/part",p1)
+c2=20;//s/cycle
+g1=5;//operator
+py1=a1*(b1/g1)*(c2/d1)*(e1/f1)
+mprintf("\npy1 =$%f /part =0.3 cents/part",py1)
+//The total cost (materials+labour)is then
+a3=0.5;//cents/parts
+b3=2.4;//cents/parts
+phenolic1=a3+b3
+mprintf("\nphenolic1 = %f cents/part",phenolic1)
+a4=1.3;//cents/part
+b4=0.3;//cents/part
+polyester2=(a4+b4);// /part
+mprintf("\npolyester2 = %f cents/part",polyester2)
+//the greatly reduced labor cost have given a net economic advantage to the polyster
+
diff --git a/3557/CH20/EX20.4/Ex20_4.sce b/3557/CH20/EX20.4/Ex20_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b2d908ec2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH20/EX20.4/Ex20_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +//Example20.4//
+
+Ek=(-7112);//eV //the innermost electron orbital shell
+El=(-708);//ev //the innermost electron next shell
+Eka=abs(Ek-El)
+mprintf("Eka = %i eV",Eka)
+
diff --git a/3557/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce b/3557/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4a1d91191 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example 3.11//
+u=1;
+u1=1;
+v=1;
+v1=1;
+w=0;
+w1=1;
+a=(u*u1)+(v*v1)+(w*w1)
+//mprintf("a = %i",a)
+b=(sqrt((u^2)+(v^2)+(w^2)))*(sqrt((u1^2)+(v1^2)+(w1^2)))
+//mprintf("b = %i",b)
+c=acosd(a/b)
+mprintf("c = %f degree ",c)
+
diff --git a/3557/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce b/3557/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c4ec37ffa --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +//Example 3.12//
+//As the problem is in the statement in the book
+mprintf("As the problem is in the statement in the book it cannot be solved using scilab")
diff --git a/3557/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce b/3557/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3e33591dc --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +//Example 3.13//
+//As the problem is in the statement in the book
+mprintf("As the problem cannot be solved using scilab This problem is same as sample problem 3.10 ")
diff --git a/3557/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce b/3557/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3ed84b091 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example 3.14 (a)// +a=2;//given +rw=0.137;//nm // atomic radius of Tungsten +r=a*rw +mprintf("r = %f nm",r) +r1=1/(r) //Taking inverse of r +mprintf("\nr1 = %f atoms/nm",r1) +//Example 3.14 (b) +b=0.143;// atomic radius of Aluminium +a1=(4*b)/(sqrt(2)) //Face centered cubic +mprintf("\n a1 = %f nm",a1) +r2=sqrt(3)*a1; //body diagonal length +mprintf("\n r2 = %f nm",r2) +r3=1/(r2); //linear density //Taking inverse of r2 i.e body diagonal length +mprintf("\n r3 = %f atoms/nm",r3) diff --git a/3557/CH3/EX3.15/Ex3_15.sce b/3557/CH3/EX3.15/Ex3_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..767b9065f --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH3/EX3.15/Ex3_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +//Example 3.15 (a)//
+rW=0.137;//nm //atomic radius of tungsten (From appendix 2)
+a=(4*rW)/(sqrt(3))//Body centered cubic
+mprintf("a = %f nm",a)
+l=sqrt(2)*a; // face diagonal length
+mprintf("\n l = %f nm",l)
+
+//The area of the (111) plane within yhe unit cell
+c=sqrt(3);//given
+d=2;//given
+h=(c/d)*l
+//mprintf("h = %f ",h)
+A=(1/2)*l*h
+mprintf("\nA = %f nm^2",A)
+c1=3;//atoms
+d1=1/6;//atoms
+ad=(c1*d1)/A
+mprintf("\nad = %f atoms/nm^2",ad)
+
+//(b)
+// Following the calculations of sample problem 3.14b we find that the length of the body diagonal is
+b=0.143;// atomic radius of Aluminium
+a1=(4*b)/(sqrt(2)) //Face centered cubic
+//mprintf("\n a1 = %f nm",a1)
+l1=sqrt(2)*a1;
+mprintf("\nl1 = %f nm",l1)
+//the area of the (111) plane within the unit cell is
+A1=(1/2)*l1*(c/d)*l1
+mprintf("\nA1 = %f nm^2",A1)
+e1=(1/2);//atoms
+ad2=((c1*d1)+(c1*e1))/A1
+mprintf("\nad2 %f atoms/nm^2",ad2)
diff --git a/3557/CH3/EX3.16/Ex3_16.sce b/3557/CH3/EX3.16/Ex3_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cc9a48863 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH3/EX3.16/Ex3_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example 3.16//
+// Following the calculations of sample problem 3.3 we find that the length of the body diagonal is
+rMg=0.078;//nm // Ionic radius of Magnesium (From Appendix 2)
+rO=0.132;//nm // Ionic radius of Oxygen (From Appendix 2)
+a=2*rMg+2*rO
+//mprintf("a = %f nm",a)
+l=sqrt(3)*a
+mprintf("l = %f nm",l)
+c=1;// Mg^2+
+i=c/l//nm
+mprintf("\n i = %f Mg^2+/nm",i)
+//similarly
+i2=c/l
+mprintf("\n i2 = %f O2-/nm",i2)
+mprintf("\n(1.37Mg2+ + 1.37O2-)/nm")
diff --git a/3557/CH3/EX3.17/Ex3_17.sce b/3557/CH3/EX3.17/Ex3_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..01c39c5d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH3/EX3.17/Ex3_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Example 3.17//
+
+// Following the calculations of sample problem 3.3 we find that the length of the body diagonal is
+rMg=0.078;//nm // Ionic radius of Magnesium (From Appendix 2)
+rO=0.132;//nm // Ionic radius of Oxygen (From Appendix 2)
+a=2*rMg+2*rO
+//mprintf("a = %f nm",a)
+l=sqrt(2)*a
+mprintf("l = %f nm",l)
+d=(sqrt(3)*l)/2 //height
+//mprintf("\nd = %f",d)
+A=(1/2)*l*d //planar area
+mprintf("\n A = %f nm^-2",A)
+c=2;//ions
+id=c/A; //ionic density for Mg2+
+mprintf("\n id = %f nm^-2 (ionic density for Mg2+)",id)
+id1=c/A;//ionic density for O2-
+mprintf("\n id1 = %f nm^-2 (ionic density for O2-)",id1)
+mprintf("\n 13.1(Mg^2+ or O^2-)/nm^2")
diff --git a/3557/CH3/EX3.18/Ex3_18.sce b/3557/CH3/EX3.18/Ex3_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..84c99f241 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH3/EX3.18/Ex3_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 3.18//
+rsi=0.117;//nm //atomic radius of silicon (From appendix 2)
+a=8;//given // (a is obtain by cross multiplication)
+l= a*rsi//nm //body diagonal length
+mprintf("l = %f nm",l)
+//the linear density
+b=2;//atoms //From the figure 3.23 there are two atoms per lattice point therefore we choose value 2 atoms in linear density
+ld=b/l
+mprintf("\n ld = %f atoms/nm",ld)
diff --git a/3557/CH3/EX3.19/Ex3_19.sce b/3557/CH3/EX3.19/Ex3_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..077d69580 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH3/EX3.19/Ex3_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 3.19//
+
+e=0.117;//nm //atomic radius of silicon (From Appendix 2)
+a=(8/sqrt(3))*e
+mprintf("a= %f nm",a)
+s=sqrt(2)*a
+mprintf("\n s= %f nm",s)
+i=2;//atoms //From the figure 3.23 there are two atoms per lattice point therefore we choose value 2 atoms in planar density
+A=(1/2)*s*(sqrt(3)/2)*s //area of traingle
+mprintf("\n A = %f nm^2",A)
+p=i/A;//planar density
+mprintf("\n p = %f atoms/nm^2",p)
diff --git a/3557/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce b/3557/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9ce3b10ee --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 3.2//
+rCu=0.128;//nm //atomic radius copper (From appendix 2)
+a=(4/sqrt(2))*rCu
+mprintf("a = %f nm",a)
+//The density of the unit cells is
+a1=4;// atoms
+b1=63.55;//gram //atomic mass of copper
+c1=0.6023*10^24;//atoms// Avogardo's number
+d=10^7;//nm/cm
+p=(a1/a^3)*(b1/c1)*d^3
+mprintf("\n p = %f g/cm^3",p)
diff --git a/3557/CH3/EX3.20/Ex3_20.sce b/3557/CH3/EX3.20/Ex3_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ead2cc6b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH3/EX3.20/Ex3_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//Example 3.20//
+c=1;//centimeter // opposite side of a triangle
+e=3;//centimeter // adjacent side of a triangle
+a=atand(c/e)// (As tan = oppposite side/adjacent side)
+mprintf("a = %f degree ",a)
+a1=180;//degree
+b1=2;//given
+theta= (a1-a)/b1
+mprintf("\ntheta = %f degree",theta)
+//Braggs law
+rMg=0.078;//nm // Ionic radius of Magnesium (From Appendix 2)
+rO=0.132;//nm // Ionic radius of Oxygen (From Appendix 2)
+a2=2*rMg+2*rO
+//mprintf("a2 = %f nm",a2)
+h=1; //spacing between adjacent plane
+k=1;//spacing between adjacent plane
+l=1;//spacing between adjacent plane
+d=(a2)/sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2)
+mprintf("\n d = %f nm",d)
+//substituting to obtain lamda for n=1
+//for n=1
+l1=b1*d*sind(theta)
+mprintf("\n l1= %f nm",l1)
+//for n=2
+l2=(b1*d*sind(theta))/b1
+mprintf("\n l2 = %f nm",l2)
+//for n=3
+l3=(b1*d*sind(theta))/e;
+mprintf("\n l3 = %f nm",l3)
diff --git a/3557/CH3/EX3.21/Ex3_21.sce b/3557/CH3/EX3.21/Ex3_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..433d29ee1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH3/EX3.21/Ex3_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//Example 3.21//
+a= 0.404;//nm //lattice parameter
+a1=1;//given
+b1=1;//given
+c1=1;//given
+b=sqrt(a1+b1+c1)
+d111=a/b
+mprintf("d111 = %f = nm",d111)
+a2=2;//given
+b2=0;//given
+c2=0;//given
+d200=a/sqrt(a2^2+b2+c2);
+mprintf("\n d200 = %f nm",d200)
+a3=2;//given
+b3=2;//given
+c3=0;//given
+d220=a/sqrt(a3^2+b3^2+c3);
+mprintf("\n d220 = %f nm",d220)
+l=0.1542;//nm// from the figure 3.39
+thetha111=asind(l/(a2*d111))
+mprintf("\nthetha111 = %f degree",thetha111)
+t111=a2*thetha111
+mprintf("\nt111 = %f degree",t111)
+thetha200=asind(l/(a2*d200))
+mprintf("\nthetha200 = %f degree",thetha200)
+t200=a2*thetha200
+mprintf("\nt200 = %f degree",t200)
+thetha220=asind(l/(a2*d220))
+mprintf("\nthetha220 = %f degree",thetha220)
+t220=a2*thetha220
+mprintf("\nt220 = %f degree",t220)
diff --git a/3557/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce b/3557/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..61e2f9b38 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 3.3//
+rMg=0.078;//nm // Ionic radius of Magnesium (From Appendix 2)
+rO=0.132;//nm // Ionic radius of Oxygen (From Appendix 2)
+a=2*rMg+2*rO
+mprintf("a = %f nm",a)
+Vu=(a)^3;//nm
+mprintf("\nVu = %f nm^3",Vu)
+b=4;//by formula
+c=4/3;//By formula
+volume=((b*c)*%pi*(rMg)^3)+((b*c)*%pi*(rO)^3)
+mprintf("\nvolume = %f nm^3",volume)
+IPF=volume/Vu;
+mprintf("\nIPF = %f ",IPF)
diff --git a/3557/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce b/3557/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2b6a439df --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 3.4//
+a=24.31;//gram //atomic mass of magnesium
+b=16.00;//gram // atomic mass of oxygen
+c=0.6023*10^24;//Avogardo's number
+v=0.0741;//nm^3 //unit cell volume
+d=10^7;//nm/cm
+e=4;//Number of electrons
+p=((((e*a)+(e*b))/(c))/(v))*d^3
+mprintf("p = %f g/cm^3",p)
diff --git a/3557/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce b/3557/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..99679293d --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Example 3.5//
+a=0.741;//nm //unit cell dimensions
+b=0.494;//nm //unit cell dimensions
+c=0.255;//nm //unit cell dimensions
+v=a*b*c
+mprintf("v = %f nm^3",v)
+a1=12.01;//gram //atomic mass of carbon
+b1=1.008;//gram // atomic mass of Hydogen
+c1=0.6023*10^24;//atoms // Avogardo's number
+d1=2;//Number of electrons
+e1=4;//Number of electrons
+m=((d1*a1)+(e1*b1))/c1
+mprintf("\nm = (%e n)g",m)
+//Therefore, the unit cell density is,
+d=10^7;//nm/cm
+p=(m/v)*d^3
+mprintf("\n p = %f g/cm^3 (As answer in the textbook is calculated wrong)",p)
+//solving for n gives
+n=2
+//Aa a result, there are
+mprintf("\n4(=2n)C atoms + 8(=4n)H atoms per unit cell.")
diff --git a/3557/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce b/3557/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7110ff1e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 3.6//
+a=2;//body diagonal
+b=4;//body diagonal
+c=a*b ;//(using cross multiplication)
+//mprintf("c= %i ",c)
+d=sqrt(3);
+Vu=(c/d)^3
+mprintf("Vu = %f rSi^3",Vu)
+Va=c*(4/3)*%pi
+mprintf("\n Va = %f rSi^3",Va)
+APF=Va/Vu;
+mprintf("\nAPF = %f ",APF)
diff --git a/3557/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce b/3557/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e56452257 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 3.7//
+a=98.5;// Unit cell volume
+b=0.117;//nm //nanometer //atomic radius of Silicon
+V=a*b^3
+mprintf("V = %f nm^3",V)
+a1=8;//atoms
+c=28.09;//gram //atomic mass of silicon
+d=0.6023*10^24;//atoms //Avogardo's number
+e=10^7;//nm/cm
+P=(a1/V)*(c/d)*(e^3)
+mprintf("\nP = %f g/cm^3",P)
diff --git a/3557/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/3557/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..523f44447 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +//Example4.1//
+rCu=0.128;//nm //atomic radius of copper
+rNi=0.125;//nm //atomic radius of nickel
+d=((rCu-rNi)/rCu)*100
+mprintf("d = %f percent (<15percent)",d)
diff --git a/3557/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce b/3557/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..27c200330 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example4.2//
+a=4;//body-centered cubic as given in table 3.3
+b=sqrt(3); //body-centered cubic as given in table 3.3
+c=1;// as we take R common from the equation
+ri=(1/2)*(a/b)-c
+mprintf("ri = %f R",ri)
+//from the appendix 2, R=0.124nm giving
+R=0.124;//nm //atomic radius of iron
+ri1=ri*R
+mprintf("\nri1 = %f nm",ri1)
+rC=0.077;//nm //atomic radius of carbon from the appendix 2
+R1=rC/ri1
+mprintf("\nR1 = %f ",R1)
diff --git a/3557/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce b/3557/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..987c5cde0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example4.3 //
+a=2.70*10^6;//g/m^3 //density of aluminium
+b=26.98;//g // atomic mass
+c=0.602*10^24;//atoms //atomic mass unit
+at=a/(b/c)
+mprintf("at = %e atoms m^-3",at)
+//Then density of vacant sites will be
+d=2.29*10^-5;//atom^-1 //fraction of aluminium sites vacant at 400 degree celsius
+v=d*at
+mprintf("\nv= %e m^-3",v)
diff --git a/3557/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce b/3557/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2ca484e35 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example4.4//
+//(a)
+RFe=0.124;//nm //atomic radius of iron
+r=2*RFe
+mprintf("r = %f nm",r)
+//(b)
+RAl=0.143;//nm //atomic radius of Aluminium
+r1=2*RAl
+mprintf("\nr1 = %f nm",r1)
+//(c)
+a=2;//given
+RO=0.132;//nm // Ionic radius of Oxygen
+b=cosd(30);//given
+r2=2*(a*RO)*(b)
+mprintf("\nr2 = %f nm",r2)
diff --git a/3557/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce b/3557/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cb3b40b1f --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//Example 4.5//
+
+b=0.286;//nm // repeat distance between the adjacent atoms
+t=2;// degree //Given
+a=1;// rad
+c=57.3;//degree
+D=b/(t*(a/c))
+mprintf("D = %f nm",D)
diff --git a/3557/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce b/3557/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d1e59f89d --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example 4.6//
+a=3.98;//in.^2 // area of region
+b=100;//grain density
+c=300;//grain density
+A100=a*(b/c)^2
+mprintf("A100 = %f in^2",A100)
+//Then the grain density becomes
+d=32;//grains
+N=d/A100
+mprintf("\nN = %f grains/in^2",N)
+i=2;//from the equation
+e=log(N);
+f=log(i);
+j=1;//from the equation
+G=(e/f)+j
+mprintf("\nG = %f \nor \n G=7+",G)
+
diff --git a/3557/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce b/3557/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c30739484 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +//Example 4.7//
+
+a=0.74;//APF for the fcc metal structure
+b=8.84;//g/cm^3 //density of thin film of nickel
+c=8.91;//g/cm^3;// density of normal nickel
+APF=a*(b/c)
+disp(APF)
diff --git a/3557/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce b/3557/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f77a3b3ec --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 4.8//
+a=0.404;//nm //lattice parameter
+b=1;// lowest-angle
+d111=a/sqrt(b^2+b^2+b^2)
+mprintf("d111 = %f nm",d111)
+l=3.7*10^-3;//nm //nanometer
+c=2;//given
+thetha=asind(l/(c*d111))
+mprintf("\nthetha = %f degree",thetha)
+t=2*thetha
+mprintf("\nt = %f degree",t)
diff --git a/3557/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce b/3557/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9ca003014 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 5.1//
+k=2.95*10^-4;// kg/(m^-4.s) //At 400 degree Celsius k rises
+k1=1.05*10^-8;//kg/(m^-4.s) // The value of k at 300 degree celsius
+R=8.314;//J/(mol.K) //universal gas constant
+T=673;//K //Kelvin //absolute temperature
+T1=573;//K //Kelvin //absolute temperature
+a=log(k/k1);// Taking antilog to remove exponential term
+//mprintf("a=%e ",a)
+c=(1/T)-(1/T1); //subtracting the term
+//mprintf("c = %e ",c)
+Q=(-(a/c))*R //cross multiplication of the term
+mprintf("Q = %e J/mol = 328 kJ/mol",Q)
diff --git a/3557/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce b/3557/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8ff2c18c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example 5.2//
+nv=2.29*10^-5;//the fraction of aluminium lattice sites vacant
+Ev=0.76;//eV //elevtrom volts
+k=86.2*10^-6;//eV //Boltzmann's constant
+T=673;//K //Kelvin //absolute temperature
+T1=933;// K //Kelvin //absolute temperature
+//At 400degree C(=673K)
+a=Ev/(k*T)// solving the exponential raise to equation
+//mprintf("a = %f ",a)
+C=nv*%e^a
+mprintf("C = %f",C)
+//At 660 degree C (=993K)
+b=Ev/(k*T1)//solving the exponential raise to equation
+//mprintf("b = %f ",b)
+N=C*%e^-b
+mprintf("\nN = %e ",N)
+mprintf("\nor roughly nine vacancies occur for every 10,000 lattice sites ")
diff --git a/3557/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce b/3557/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..407456640 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Example 5.3//
+c1=5;//at % //drop in carbon concentration 5 to 4 at %
+c2=4;// at % //drop in carbon concentration 5 to 4 at %
+x1=1;//mm //millimetre
+x2=2;//mm //millimetre
+d=(c1-c2)/(x1-x2)
+mprintf("d = %i at percent /mm",d)
+a=7.63;//g/cm^3 //gram per cubic centimeter
+b=0.6023*10^24;//atoms //Avgardo's number
+c=55.85;//g //atomic mass of iron (from appendix 1)
+p=a*(b/c)
+mprintf("\np = %e atoms/cm^3",p)
+a1=0.01;//given
+c1=1;//mm //millimetre
+d1=10^6;//cm^3/m^3
+e1=10^3;//mm/m
+d2=-((a1*p)*c1)*(d1)*(e1)
+mprintf("\nd2 = %e atoms/m^4",d2)
+D0=20*10^-6;//m^2/s //preexponential constant
+Q=142000;//J/mol //activation energy for defect motion
+R=8.314;//J/mol/K //universal gas constant
+T=1273;//K //Kelvin // absolute temperature
+Dc=D0*(%e^-(Q/(R*T)))
+mprintf("\nDc = %e m^2/s",Dc)
+c2=(-8.23*10^29);//atoms/m^4
+J=-Dc*c2
+mprintf("\nJ =%e atoms/(m^2.s)",J )
+
diff --git a/3557/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce b/3557/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8919c8d19 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Example 5.4//
+cx=0.5;//carbon content
+b=1;//given
+e=b-cx
+mprintf("e = %f ",e)
+c=0.4755;//As z= 0.45 therefore erf (z) is obtained //Interpolating table 5.1 gives
+d=0.5205;//As z=0.50 therefore erf(z) is obtained //Interpolating table 5.1 gives
+g=0.45;//given
+z=(((e-c)/(d-c))*(e-g))+g
+mprintf("\nz = %f",z)
+x=1*10^-3;//Using the diffusivity from sample problem 5.3
+D=2.98*10^-11;//m^2/s //Arrhenius equation
+m=(x^2)/(4*(z^2)*D)
+//mprintf("\nm = %e ",m)
+i=1;//h //hour
+j=3.6*10^3;//s //second
+t=m*(i/j)
+mprintf("\nt = %f h",t)
+
diff --git a/3557/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce b/3557/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..36daf22c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example 5.5//
+x=1*10^-3;//m// Using the diffusivity from sample problem 5.3
+D=2.98*10^-11;//m^2/s //arrhenius equations
+a=0.95;//from the figure 5.11
+d=(x^2)/((a^2)*(D))// calculating the value of d
+mprintf("d = %e h",d)
+b=1;//h //hour
+c=3.6*10^3;//s //second
+t=d*(b/c)
+mprintf("\nt = %f h",t)
diff --git a/3557/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce b/3557/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bc065f965 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example 5.6//
+x=0.75*10^-3;//m //meter //given
+t=3.6*10^4;//s //seconds //time
+a=0.95;//given
+D=(x^2)/((a^2)*(t))
+mprintf("D = %e m^2/s",D)
+b=20*10^-6;//m^2/s //preexponential constant
+c=142000;//J/mol //activation energy for defect motion
+d=8.314;//J/(mol.K)//universal gas constant
+e=c/d
+//mprintf("\ne = %e",e)
+y=(-log(D/b))
+T1=inv(y/e)
+mprintf("\nT1 = %i K = 952 degree C",T1)
diff --git a/3557/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce b/3557/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..06e98d276 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example 5.7//
+D=(-1.0*10^-8);//m^2/s //constant diffusion coefficient
+ch=1.5;//kg/m^3 //constant surface concentrationsof the diffusing species
+ct=0.3;//kg/m^3 //constant surface concentrationsof the diffusing species
+x=5*10^-3;//m //meter //solid of thickness
+y=(-D)*(((ch-ct)/(x)))
+//mprintf("y = %e kg/m^2 h",y)
+t=3.6*10^3;//s/h //time
+J=y*t
+mprintf("J = %e kg/m^2.h",J)
+//The total mass of hydrogen being purified will then be this flux times the membrane area
+A=0.2;//m^2 //membrane area
+m=J*A
+mprintf("\nm = %e kg/h",m)
diff --git a/3557/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce b/3557/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b5dc7aff6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//Example 5.8//
+
+cx=0.01;// distance of x
+c0=0;////for initially pure A
+c=cx-c0
+mprintf("c = %f ",c)
+a=1;//given
+e=a-c
+mprintf("\ne = %f ",e)
+b=0.9928;//As z= 1.90 erf(z)=0.9928 //Interpolating table 5.1 gives
+d=0.99;//Interpolating table 5.1 gives
+f=0.9891;//As z=1.80 erf(z)=0.9891 //Interpolating table 5.1 gives
+h=1.90;//given
+i=1.80;//given
+z=-((((b-d)/(b-f))*(h-i))-h)
+mprintf("\nz = %f ",z)
+D=1*10^-10;//m^2/s// grain boundary
+D1=1*10^-14;//m^2/s // volume of bulk grain
+t=1;//h //hour //time
+t1=3.6*10^3;//s/h //time
+x=2*z*sqrt(D*t*t1)
+mprintf("\nx = %e m ",x)
+a1=10^3;//(As 1milli = 10^-3)
+a2=a1*x
+mprintf(" = %f mm",a2)
+//(b) For comparison
+x1=2*z*sqrt(D1*t*t1)
+mprintf("\nx1 = %e m ",x1)
+b1=10^6;//(As mew = 10^-6)
+b2=b1*x1
+mprintf(" = %f mew m",b2)
diff --git a/3557/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce b/3557/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..504333ec2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example 6.1//
+
+s=300*10^6;//Pa //pascal //strain
+a=0.0043;// From the figure
+E1=s/a
+mprintf("E1 = %e GPa= 70GPa ",E1)
+mprintf(" (As G= 10^9)")
+//The 0.2% offset construction gives
+mprintf("\nY.S. =410MPa")
+//The maximum for the stress stain curve gives
+mprintf("\n T.S = 480MPa")
+ef=0.08;//percent //the strain at fracture
+f=100*ef
+mprintf("\n f = %i percent",f)
diff --git a/3557/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce b/3557/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0b5c4fbef --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 6.10//
+
+ap=5*10^-1;//percent per hour
+Q=2*10^5;//J/mol //activation energy
+R=8.314;//J/mol.K// universal gas constant
+T=1273;//K //Kelvin //absolute temperature
+T1=873;//given //absolute temperature
+C=ap*%e^((Q)/(R*T))
+mprintf("C = %e percent per hour",C)
+//applying this amount to the service temprature yield
+C1=C*%e^-((Q)/(R*T1))
+mprintf("\n C1 = %e percent per hour",C1)
diff --git a/3557/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce b/3557/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1a9a824ff --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 6.11//
+s=125;//ksi
+s=95;//ksi
+s=65;//ksi
+T=540;//degree C
+T=595;//degree C
+T=650;//degree C
+x=[540 595 650]
+y=[125 95 65 ]
+plot2d(x,y, style=1)
+ylabel("stress (ksi)","fontsize",2 );
+xlabel("T(degree C)")
+mprintf(" T = 585 degree C")
diff --git a/3557/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce b/3557/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eef02579e --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 6.12//
+
+s1=2;//MPa //MegaPascal
+s2=1;//MPa //Megapascal
+a=60;//days //relaxation time for a rubber band at 25 degree C
+t=(a)*log(s1/s2)
+mprintf("t = %f days",t)
+Q=30*10^3;//J/mol //activation energy for the relaxation process
+R=8.314;//J/(mol.K) // universal gas constant
+T1=308;//K //Kelvin //absolute temperature
+T2=298;//K //Kelvin //absolute temperature
+t35=a*exp((Q/R)*((1/T1)-(1/T2)))
+mprintf("\n t35 = %f days",t35)
diff --git a/3557/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce b/3557/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e602d2229 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +//Example 6.13//
+a=514;//K //Kelvin //Temperature
+b=273;//K //Kelvin //Temperature
+apt=a+b
+mprintf("apt = %i K for eta = 10^13.4P",apt)
+c=696;//K //Kelvin //Temperature
+spt=c+b//for eta=10^7.6P
+mprintf("\n spt = %i K",spt)
+i=(10^13.4); //P //Pascal //preexponential constant
+j=(10^7.6);//P // Pascal //preexponential constant
+f=8.314;//J/(mol K) //universal gas constant
+a1=log(i/j); //(Taking antilog of i and j to remove exponential term)
+//mprintf("\na1 = %f ",a1)
+b1=(1/apt)-(1/spt);//(subtracting the temperature)
+//mprintf("\nb1 = %e ",b1)
+Q=(a1/b1)*f
+mprintf("\nQ = %e J/mol = 465kJ (As 1K = 10^3)",Q)
+eta0=i*%e^-((Q)/(f*apt))
+mprintf("\n eta0 = %e P",eta0)
+h=10^4;//given
+//for eta=10^4 P and eta=10^8 P
+//for eta = 10^4
+T=Q/((f)*log(h/eta0))
+mprintf("\n T = %i K = 858 degree C",T)
+//for eta=10^8P
+h1=10^8;//P //Pascal
+T1=Q/((f)*log(h1/eta0))
+mprintf("\n T1 = %i K = 680 degree C",T1)
+//Therefore working range = 680 to 858 degree C
+
+//For melting range eta=50 to 500 P
+ eta=50;//P //Pascal
+T2=Q/((f)*log(eta/eta0))
+mprintf("\n T2 = %i K = 993 degree C",T2)
+ eta1 = 500;// P //Pascal
+T3=Q/((f)*log(eta1/eta0))
+mprintf("\n T3 = %i K = 931 degree C",T3)
+mprintf("\n melting range = 931 to 993 degree C")
diff --git a/3557/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce b/3557/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7adbb0732 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 6.2//
+p=50000;//N //tensile load
+A0=5*10^-3;//m //area of the sample parallel to the applied load
+s=p/(%pi*A0^2)
+mprintf("s = %e N/m^2 637 MPa",s)
+mprintf(" (As M= 10^6)")
+s1=637*10^6;//Pa //Pascal //modulus of elasticity
+E=200*10^9;//Pa // Pascal //Youngs Modulus
+E1=s1/E
+mprintf("\n E1 = %e ",E1)
+
+
diff --git a/3557/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce b/3557/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2877cf472 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Example 6.3//
+
+P=6*10^3//N //Newton // load on the sample
+A0=(10/2)*10^-3;//N/m^2
+s=P/(%pi*A0^2)
+mprintf("s = %e N/m^2 = 76.4 MPa",s)
+mprintf(" (As M= 10^6)")
+s1=76.4;//MPa //Megapascal //modulus od elasticity
+E=70*10^3;//MPa//Megapascal //Young's Modulus
+e=s1/E
+mprintf("\n e = %e",e)
+//the strain of diameter is calculated as
+v=0.33;//given
+ed=-v*e
+mprintf("\n ed = %e ",ed)
+//resulting diameter
+d0=10;//mm
+df=d0*(ed+1)
+mprintf("\n df = %f mm",df)
+//compressive stress
+ed1=+3.60*10^-4;//the diameter strain will be of equal magnitude but opposite sign
+df1=d0*(ed1+1);
+mprintf("\n df1 = %f mm",df1)
diff --git a/3557/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce b/3557/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bea1a2bd2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 6.4//
+
+rO=0.132;//nm //Ionic radius of Oxygen (From appendix 2)
+p=2*rO
+mprintf("p = %f nm",p)
+a=7.0*10^9;//Pa //The theoretical strength of the defect free glass
+p1=0.264*10^-9//m
+c=1*10^-6;//m //crack length
+s=(1/2)*a*(p1/c)^(1/2)
+mprintf("\ns = %e Mpa = 57MPa (As M =10^6)",s)
+
diff --git a/3557/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce b/3557/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8244baad5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//Example 6.5//
+L=50*10^-3;//m //Distance between support
+m=404*10^3;//N/m //Initial slope of load-deflection curve
+b=13*10^-3;//m //test piece geometry
+h=7*10^-3;//m //test piece geometry
+E=((L^3)*m)/(4*b*h^3)
+mprintf("E = %e N/m^2 =2830MPa (As M= 10^6)",E)
+
diff --git a/3557/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce b/3557/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..79144c479 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example 6.6//
+
+E=830;//MPa //Megapascal //Young's Modulus
+s=1;//MPa //MegaPascal //modulus of elasticity
+e=s/E
+mprintf("e = %e",e)
+//(b)
+E1=1.3;//MPa//Megapascal //Young's Modulus
+e1=s/E1
+mprintf("\n e1 = %f",e1)
+//(c)E=200 GPa= 2*10^5 Mpa
+E2=2*10^5;//MPa//Megapascal //Young's Modulus
+e2=s/E2//Mpa
+mprintf("\n e2 = %e",e2)
+
diff --git a/3557/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce b/3557/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8d018d6aa --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 6.7//
+
+//From hooke law'
+s=0.2489;//nm //nanometer // modulus of elasticity
+s1=0.2480;// nm //nanometer // modulus of elasticity
+e=(s-s1)/s1
+printf("e = %f ",e)
+s2=1000;//Mpa //MegaPascal //sigma
+E=s2/e
+mprintf("\n E = %e",E)
+mprintf(" 275 GPa (As G=10^9) (Answer calculated in the textbook is wrong)")
diff --git a/3557/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce b/3557/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9e87eaa2b --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 6.8//
+si=0.690;//MPa //Megapascal //tensile stress
+a=cosd(40);//degree
+b=cosd(60);//degree
+torque=si*a*b
+mprintf("torque = %f MPa (38.3psi)",torque)
+t=0.94;//MPa //MegaPascal //torque
+sig=t/(a*b)
+mprintf("\n sig = %f Mpa (356psi)",sig)
diff --git a/3557/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce b/3557/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e6de54b79 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//Example6.9//
+P=3000;//kg //load
+D=10;//mm//diamter sphere of tungsten carbide
+d=3.91;//mm //diameter impression in the iron surface
+BHN=(2*P)/((%pi*D)*(D-sqrt(D^2-d^2)))
+mprintf("BHN = %i",BHN)
+//From the Figure 6.28b
+printf("\n(TS)BHN=240 = 800 Mpa")
diff --git a/3557/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce b/3557/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8d566e9e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 7.1//
+
+R=8.314;//J/mol.K // Gas constant (From appendix 3)
+a=3*R
+mprintf("a = %f J/mol K",a)
+//for aluminum there are 26.98 g per g-atom
+b=1;//mol //
+c=26.98;//g //grams // atomic mass of aluminium (From appendix 1)
+d=1000;//g/kg
+a1=a*(b/c)*d
+mprintf("\n a1 = %i J/kg.K",a1)
diff --git a/3557/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce b/3557/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..19e6cd9c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example 7.2//
+a=8.8*10^-6;//mm/(mm degree C) //linear coefficient of thermal expansion
+L0=0.1;//mm //Given direction
+T=1000;//degree Celsius // Temperature
+T1=25;//degree Celsius //Temperature
+dL=a*L0*(T-T1)
+mprintf("dL = %e m ",dL)
+b=10^3;// (As 1 milli = 10^-3 milli)
+dL1= dL*b
+mprintf("\ndL1 = %f mm (As 1 milli = 10^-3 milli)",dL1)
diff --git a/3557/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce b/3557/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..63adb67f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +//Example 7.3//
+k=398;//J/s.m.K // thermal conductivity
+T=0;//degree Celsius //temperature gradient
+T1=50;//degree Celsius //temperature gradient
+x=10*10^-3;//m //metre
+A=-k*((T-T1)/x)
+mprintf("A = %e J/m^2.s",A)
diff --git a/3557/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce b/3557/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f11080cd4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 7.4//
+
+//The thermal expansion coefficient for AL2O3 over the range
+a=8.8*10^-6//mm/(mm degree C) //Linear coefficient of Thermal expansion
+//If we take room temperature as 25degree C
+T=1000;//degree C //Temperature
+T1=25;//degree C //Temperature
+e=a*(T-T1)
+mprintf("e = %e",e)
+//an E for sintered Al2O3 as
+E=370*10^3;//MPa // sintered Al2O3
+si=E*e
+mprintf("\n si = %i MPa (compressive) (Answer calculated in textbook is wrong)",si)
diff --git a/3557/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce b/3557/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..46d7adf89 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 8.2//
+
+Y=1;// dimensionless geometry factor
+YS=1460//MPa //MegaPascal // overall stress applied at failure
+b=0.5;//Y.S //given
+Kic=98;//MPa sqrt(m) //fracture toughness
+a=(Kic^2)/((%pi)*(b*YS)^2)
+mprintf("a = %e m = 5.74 mm (As 1milli = 10^-3 )",a)
+
diff --git a/3557/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce b/3557/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..36b09377f --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 8.3//
+
+a=25*10^-6;// m // length of surface crack
+// (a) For Sic,
+b=3;//MPa sqrt(m) //fracture toughness
+s1=b/(sqrt(%pi*a))
+mprintf("s1 = %i MPa",s1)
+// (b) For PSZ,
+c=9;//MPa sqrt(m)// fracture toughness
+s2=c/(sqrt(%pi*a))
+mprintf("\n s2 = %i MPa (Answer calculated in textbook is wrong)",s2)
diff --git a/3557/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce b/3557/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e2566e4b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +//Example 8.4//
+T.S=800;//MPa
+F.S=T.S/4
+mprintf("F.S = %i MPa",F.S)
+ss=F.S/2
+mprintf("\n ss = %i Mpa",ss)
diff --git a/3557/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce b/3557/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..51098a279 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example8.5//
+Q=78.6*10^3;//J/mol //Activation energy
+R=8.314;//J/mol //universal gas constant
+T=323;//K //Kelvin //absolute temperature
+T1=223;//K //Kelvin //absolute temperature
+C=1/(%e^-((Q)/(R*T)))
+mprintf("C = %e s^-1",C)
+t50=C*(%e^-(Q/(R*T1)))
+mprintf("\n t50 = %e s^-1",t50)
+t=5.0*10^5;//s //seconds
+a=1;//h //hour
+b=3.6*10^3;//s //seconds
+t1=t*(a/b)
+mprintf("\n t1 = %i h =5days, 20h (Answer calculated in the textbook is wrong)",t1)
+
diff --git a/3557/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce b/3557/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fd599a804 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +//Example 8.6//
+
+u=0.293;//mm^-1 //linear absorption coefficient for the material
+x=10;//mm //x-ray beam intensity transmitted
+I=%e^-(u*x)
+disp(I)
diff --git a/3557/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce b/3557/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f72128898 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 8.7//
+//(a)
+a=2.70;//Mg/m^3 //Density of aluminium (From appendix 1)
+b=6320;//m/s //velocity of sound
+ZAl=a*b
+mprintf("ZAl = %e Mg/(m^2s)",ZAl)
+a1=7.85;//Mg/m^3 //Density of Manganese (From Appendix 1)
+b1=5760;//m/s //Velocity of sound
+Zst=a1*b1
+mprintf("\n Zst = %e Mg/(m^2s)",Zst)
+Ir=[(Zst-ZAl)/(Zst+ZAl)]^2
+mprintf("\n Ir = %f ",Ir)
+
+//(b) For the reverse direction of ultrasonic-pulse travel
+Ir1=[(ZAl-Zst)/(ZAl+Zst)]^2
+mprintf("\n Ir1 = %f ",Ir1)
diff --git a/3557/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce b/3557/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8f522df92 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +//Example 9.1//
+//Assuming constant pressure of 1 atm above the alloy
+//There are two components (Pb &Sn) and two phases
+c=2;
+p=2;
+F=c-p+1
+disp(F)
diff --git a/3557/CH9/EX9.10/Ex9_10.sce b/3557/CH9/EX9.10/Ex9_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a939d6ed5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH9/EX9.10/Ex9_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +//Example 9.10//
+
+x=4.5;//wt % //x is overall composition
+xk=0;//wt %//composition of two phases
+xth=53;//wt % //composition of two phases
+wt=(x-xk)/(xth-xk)*100
+mprintf("wt = %f percent ",wt)
diff --git a/3557/CH9/EX9.11/Ex9_11.sce b/3557/CH9/EX9.11/Ex9_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..14caeb0c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH9/EX9.11/Ex9_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 9.11//
+//(a)
+xL=54;//wt % //liquid solution composition
+x=50;//wt % //x is the overall composition
+xa=18;//wt % //composition of two phases
+wta=(xL-x)/(xL-xa)*100
+mprintf("wta = %f percent",wta)
+wtL=(x-xa)/(xL-xa)*100
+mprintf("\nwtL =%f percent",wtL)
+//Similarly, at 100 degree C, we obtain
+xb=99;//wt % //composition of two phases
+xa=5;//wt % //composition of two phases
+wta1=(xb-x)/(xb-xa)*100
+mprintf("\nwta1 = %f ",wta1)
+wtb=(x-xa)/(xb-xa)*100
+mprintf("\nwtb = %f percent",wtb)
diff --git a/3557/CH9/EX9.12/Ex9_12.sce b/3557/CH9/EX9.12/Ex9_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2cd9598c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH9/EX9.12/Ex9_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 9.12//
+
+Al2O3=1;// solid composition
+SiO2=2; // solid composition
+molp=(Al2O3/(Al2O3+SiO2))*100
+mprintf("molp = %f percent",molp)
+xm=60;//mol % //composition of mullite
+x=33.3;//mol% // x is overall comosition
+xs=0;//mol % //composition of SiO2
+mols=(xm-x)/(xm-xs)*100
+mprintf("\nmols = %f mol percent ",mols)
+molm=(x-xs)/(xm-xs)*100
+mprintf("\nmolm = %f mol percent",molm)
diff --git a/3557/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce b/3557/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..08e967f75 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 9.3//
+
+xss=66;//wt % //solid solution composition
+xL=18;//wt % //liquid solution composition
+x=50;//x is overall composition
+a=1;//kg //weight of alloy
+mL=((xss-x)/(xss-xL))*a;
+mprintf("mL = %f kg ",mL)
+b=10^3;//grams ////As 1kg= 10^3grams
+mL1=mL*b
+mprintf("\nmL1= %i g",mL1)
+mss=((x-xL)/(xss-xL))*a
+mprintf("\nmss = %f kg ",mss)
+mss1=mss*b //As 1kg= 10^3grams
+mprintf("\nmss1=%i g",mss1)
+
diff --git a/3557/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce b/3557/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7eae46dda --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example 9.4//
+
+xfe3c=6.69;//wt % //Fe3C composition
+x=0.77;//wt % //x is the overall composition
+xa=0;//wt % //composition of two phases
+a=1;//kg
+ma=((xfe3c-x)/(xfe3c-xa))*a
+mprintf("ma = %f kg ",ma)
+b=10^3;//g //As 1kg = 10^3grams
+ma1=ma*b
+mprintf("\nma1 = %i g ",ma1)
+mfe3c=((x-xa)/(xfe3c-xa))*a
+mprintf("\nmfe3c = %f kg ",mfe3c)
+mfe3c1=mfe3c*b
+mprintf("\nmfe3c1 = %i g",mfe3c1)
diff --git a/3557/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce b/3557/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f78320559 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 9.5//
+
+xcub=15;//wt % //cubic phase
+x1=8;//mol % CaO//x1 is the overall composition
+xmono=2;//wt % //monoclinic phase
+monoclinic=(xcub-x1)/(xcub-xmono)*100
+mprintf("monoclinic = %f mol percent",monoclinic)
+cubic=(x1-xmono)/(xcub-xmono)*100
+mprintf("\ncubic = %f mol percent",cubic)
diff --git a/3557/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_6.sce b/3557/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b03ddb658 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + //Example 9.6//
+//(a)
+x1=70;//wt % //x1 is the overall composition
+xa=30;//wt % //composition of two phases
+xb=90;//wt % //composition of two phases
+xl=60;//wt %//
+a=1;//kg
+mb1=((x1-xa)/(xb-xa))*a
+mprintf("mb1 = %f kg ",mb1)
+b=10^3;//g//As 1kg = 10^3grams
+mb3=mb1*b////As 1kg = 10^3grams
+mprintf("\nmb1= %i g",mb3)
+mb2=((x1-xl)/(xb-xl))*a
+mprintf("\n mb2 = %f kg ",mb2)
+mb4=mb2*b//As 1kg = 10^3g
+mprintf("\nmb4= %i g",mb4)
+fp=mb4/mb3
+mprintf("\n fp =%f ",fp)
+
diff --git a/3557/CH9/EX9.7/Ex9_7.sce b/3557/CH9/EX9.7/Ex9_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5a95cd89a --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH9/EX9.7/Ex9_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 9.7//
+
+xy=0.77;//wt % // composition of two phases
+x1=0.50;//wt % //x1 is the overall composition
+xa=0.02;//wt % //composition of two phases
+a=1;//kg
+ma=((xy-x1)/(xy-xa))*a
+mprintf("ma = %f kg ",ma)
+b=10^3;//grams //As 1 kg = 10^3grams
+ma1=ma*b
+mprintf ("\nma1= %i g",ma1)
diff --git a/3557/CH9/EX9.8/Ex9_8.sce b/3557/CH9/EX9.8/Ex9_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..da2bd0da2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH9/EX9.8/Ex9_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example 9.8//
+//(a) 1153degre c is just below he eutectic temperature
+x1=3.00;//wt % //x1 is the overall composition
+xc=2.08;//wt % //composition of two phases
+xC=100;//wt %//composition of two phases
+a=1;//kg
+mc=((x1-xc)/(xC-xc))*a
+mprintf("mc = %f kg ",mc)
+b=10^3;//g //As 1kg = 10^3 grams
+mc2=mc*b
+mprintf("\nmc2= %f g",mc2)
+//(b) At room temperature, we obtain
+xa=0;
+mc1=((x1-xa)/(xC-xa))*a
+mprintf("\n mc1 = %f kg ",mc1)
+mc3=mc1*b
+mprintf("\nmc3= %i g",mc3)
diff --git a/3557/CH9/EX9.9/Ex9_9.sce b/3557/CH9/EX9.9/Ex9_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..54b75db50 --- /dev/null +++ b/3557/CH9/EX9.9/Ex9_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//Example 9.9//
+xl=12.6;//wt % //liquid solution composition
+xa=1.6;//wt %// composition of two phases
+x1=10;//wt % //x1 is the overall composition
+xb=100;//wt %//composition of two phases
+a=1;//kg
+ma=((xl-x1)/(xl-xa))*a
+mprintf("ma = %f kg ",ma)
+b=10^3;//g //As 1kg = 10^3grams
+ma2=ma*b
+mprintf("\nma2= %i g",ma2)
+
+//At 576degree C, the overall microstructure is alpha+beta, the amount of each are
+ma1=((xb-x1)/(xb-xa))*a
+mprintf("\nma1 = %f kg ",ma1)
+ma3=ma1*b
+mprintf("\nma3= %i g",ma3)
+mb=((x1-xa)/(xb-xa))*a
+mprintf("\nmb = %f kg ",mb)
+mb1=mb*b
+mprintf("\nmb1= %i g",mb1)
+ae= ma3-ma2
+mprintf("\nae = %i g",ae)
+a1=0.016;//wieght fraction
+a2=1.000;//wieght fraction
+si1=(a1)*(ma2)
+mprintf("\nsi1 = %f g",si1)
+si2=(a1)*(ae)
+mprintf("\nsi2 = %f g",si2)
+si3=(a2)*(mb1)
+mprintf("\nsi3 = %i g",si3)
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