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authorpriyanka2015-06-24 15:03:17 +0530
committerpriyanka2015-06-24 15:03:17 +0530
commitb1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b (patch)
treeab291cffc65280e58ac82470ba63fbcca7805165 /3440
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initial commit / add all books
Diffstat (limited to '3440')
-rw-r--r--3440/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce11
-rw-r--r--3440/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce18
-rw-r--r--3440/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce14
-rw-r--r--3440/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce8
-rw-r--r--3440/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce14
-rw-r--r--3440/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce6
-rw-r--r--3440/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce13
-rw-r--r--3440/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce15
-rw-r--r--3440/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce14
-rw-r--r--3440/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce16
-rw-r--r--3440/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce13
-rw-r--r--3440/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce9
-rw-r--r--3440/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce7
-rw-r--r--3440/CH12/EX12.5/E12_5.sce13
-rw-r--r--3440/CH12/EX12.6/Ex12_6.sce8
-rw-r--r--3440/CH12/EX12.7/Ex12_7.sce5
-rw-r--r--3440/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce7
-rw-r--r--3440/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce10
-rw-r--r--3440/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.sce11
-rw-r--r--3440/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.sce17
-rw-r--r--3440/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.sce9
-rw-r--r--3440/CH14/EX14.3/Ex14_3.sce14
-rw-r--r--3440/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.sce6
-rw-r--r--3440/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.sce6
-rw-r--r--3440/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.sce11
-rw-r--r--3440/CH15/EX15.3/Ex15_3.sce7
-rw-r--r--3440/CH15/EX15.4/Ex15_4.sce6
-rw-r--r--3440/CH15/EX15.5/Ex15_5.sce6
-rw-r--r--3440/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce14
-rw-r--r--3440/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce12
-rw-r--r--3440/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce17
-rw-r--r--3440/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce11
-rw-r--r--3440/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce15
-rw-r--r--3440/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce16
-rw-r--r--3440/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce20
-rw-r--r--3440/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce8
-rw-r--r--3440/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce15
-rw-r--r--3440/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce10
-rw-r--r--3440/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce19
-rw-r--r--3440/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce15
-rw-r--r--3440/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce10
-rw-r--r--3440/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce20
-rw-r--r--3440/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce21
-rw-r--r--3440/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce16
-rw-r--r--3440/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce12
-rw-r--r--3440/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce10
-rw-r--r--3440/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce14
-rw-r--r--3440/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce18
-rw-r--r--3440/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce48
-rw-r--r--3440/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce12
-rw-r--r--3440/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce13
-rw-r--r--3440/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce14
-rw-r--r--3440/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce11
-rw-r--r--3440/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce19
-rw-r--r--3440/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce15
-rw-r--r--3440/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce16
-rw-r--r--3440/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce19
-rw-r--r--3440/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce20
-rw-r--r--3440/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce18
-rw-r--r--3440/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce18
-rw-r--r--3440/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce16
-rw-r--r--3440/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce26
-rw-r--r--3440/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce26
-rw-r--r--3440/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce23
-rw-r--r--3440/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce17
-rw-r--r--3440/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce21
-rw-r--r--3440/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce22
-rw-r--r--3440/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce12
-rw-r--r--3440/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce20
-rw-r--r--3440/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce5
-rw-r--r--3440/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce6
-rw-r--r--3440/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce7
-rw-r--r--3440/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce14
-rw-r--r--3440/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_6.sce5
74 files changed, 1030 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/3440/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce b/3440/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..af728bfaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+clc
+
+T=300//K
+a=5.43*10**-8//meter
+w=28.09//g/mol..atomic weight
+A=6.02*10^23 //atoms/mol....Avogadro's no.
+s=8/a^3
+disp(s,"atoms per unit cell in atoms/cm^3 is")
+d=s*w/A
+disp(d,"density in g/cm^3 is")
+
diff --git a/3440/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce b/3440/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..933d04317
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+Nd=10**16//atoms/cm^3
+Nc=2.86*10**19//cm^-3
+ni=9.65*10**9//cm^-3
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+e=1.6*10**-19 //C
+n=Nd
+disp(n,"in cm^-3 is")
+p=ni^2/Nd
+disp(p,"in cm^-3 is")
+//Ec-Ef=z
+z=k*T*log(Nc/Nd)
+disp(z,"fermi level measured from bottom of conduction band in eV is")
+//Ef-Ei=y
+y=k*T*log(Nd/ni)
+disp(y,"Fermi level measured from the intrinsic fermi level in eV is")
diff --git a/3440/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce b/3440/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e51f5af2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+clc
+
+Popt=5*10^12//phtons/sec
+n=0.8
+un=2500//cm^2/Vs
+epsilon=5000//V/cm
+L=10*10^-4//cm
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+tau=5*10^-10//sec
+Ip=q*n*Popt*(un*tau*epsilon)/L
+disp(Ip,"Ip in A is= ")
+gain=(un*tau*epsilon)/L
+disp(gain,"gain is= ")
+
diff --git a/3440/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce b/3440/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b6323e6f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+clc
+
+alpha=10^4//cm^-1
+R=0.1
+Px=1
+P0=2
+x=(-1/alpha)*log(Px/(P0*(1-R)))
+disp(x,"x in meter is =")
diff --git a/3440/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce b/3440/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4a4e9ed56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+clc
+
+Ip=3*10^-4//mA
+I0=0.2//*
+h=6.62*10^-34//Jsec
+q=1.6*10^-19//C
+c=3*10^8//m/sec
+lambda=80*10^-9//m
+Popt=%pi*(0.03)^2*I0
+disp(Popt,"Popt in Watt is= ")
+R=Ip/Popt
+disp(R,"R in A/W is= ")
+n=R*(h*c/(q*lambda))
+disp(n,"n in % is= ") //textbook ans is wrong
diff --git a/3440/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce b/3440/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bddac8d54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc
+
+s=1.118//m
+h=1.00//m
+a=sqrt(1+(s/h)^2)
+disp(a,"a is= ")
diff --git a/3440/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce b/3440/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6452a697a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+I=10^9//A
+Is=1*10^-9//A
+V=0.35//V
+IL=100*10^-3//A
+Voc=k*T*log(IL/Is)
+disp(Voc,"Voc in V is= ")
+P=I*V*exp((V/(k*T))-1)*IL*V
+disp(P,"P in watt is= ") //textbook ans is not printed proper
diff --git a/3440/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce b/3440/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fafb709ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+clc
+
+Cs=10^16//boron atoms/cm^3
+k0=0.8
+d=2.53//g/cm^3
+aw=10.8//g/mol
+s=60*10^3//kg
+Ct=Cs/k0
+disp(Ct,"Ct in boron atoms/cm^3 is= ")
+v=s/d
+disp(v,"v in cm^3 is= ")
+tb=Ct*v
+disp(tb,"tb in boron atoms is= ")
+tb1=(tb*aw)/(6.02*10^23)
+disp(tb1,"tb1 in g of boron is= ")
diff --git a/3440/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce b/3440/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1477a7062
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+clc
+
+T=300//K
+M=3.64//Armstrong
+Nx=(7.54*10^14)//cm^-2
+P1=1//Pa
+t1=(Nx*sqrt(M*T))/(2.64*10^20*P1)
+disp(t1,"t1 at 1Pa in ms is= ") //textbook ans is wrong
+P2=10^-4//Pa
+t2=(Nx*sqrt(M*T))/(2.64*10^20*P2)
+disp(t2,"t2 at 10^-4Pa in s is= ") //textbook ans is wrong
+P3=10^-8//Pa
+t3=(Nx*sqrt(M*T))/(2.64*10^20*P3)
+disp(t3,"t3 at 10^-8Pa in hr is= ") //textbook ans is wrong
diff --git a/3440/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce b/3440/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7d0282c0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+clc
+
+A=5//cm^2
+L=10//cm
+T=1173//K
+d=6*10^14//cm^-2
+P=5.5*10^-2//Pa
+M=69.72 //for Ga
+Ar=(2.64*10^20*P*A)/(sqrt(M*T)*%pi*L^2)
+disp(Ar,"Ar in molecules /cm^2 is= ")
+M1=74.92*2 //for As2
+Ar1=(2.64*10^20*P*A)/(sqrt(M1*T)*%pi*L^2)
+disp(Ar1,"Ar1 in molecules /cm^2 is= ") // textbook ans is wrong
+Gr=(Ar*2.8)/d
+disp(Gr,"Gr in sec/min is= ") //for Ga textbook ans is wrong
+
diff --git a/3440/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce b/3440/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7e86a7666
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+clc
+
+Msi=28.9//g/mole
+Dsi=2.33//g/cm^3
+Msidi=60.08//g/mole
+Dsidi=2.21//g/cm^3
+
+vsi=Msi/Dsi
+disp(vsi,"vsi in cm^3/mole is= ")
+vsidi=Msidi/Dsidi
+disp(vsidi,"vsidi in cm^3/mole is= ")
+T=vsi/vsidi
+disp(T,"T is ratio of Thickness of Si to SiO2 is= ")
diff --git a/3440/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce b/3440/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d7565738
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+clc
+
+row=2.7*10^-6//ohm cm
+l=10^-1//cm
+tm=0.5*10^-4//cm
+sw=0.5*10^-4//cm
+epsiloni=8.85*10^-14
+RC=(row*l/tm^2)*epsiloni*2.7*(tm*l/sw)
+disp(RC,"RC in sec is= ")
diff --git a/3440/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce b/3440/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..93f59e590
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+clc
+
+k=3.9
+k1=25
+A=1.28//um^2
+E=(k*A)/k1
+disp(E," equivalent cell size in um^2 is= ")
diff --git a/3440/CH12/EX12.5/E12_5.sce b/3440/CH12/EX12.5/E12_5.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..39761e345
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH12/EX12.5/E12_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+clc
+T=500//dC
+t=30//min
+ZL=16//um^2
+Z=5//um
+H=1//um
+S=0.8//%
+A=16
+a=60//um
+rowAl=2.7
+rowSi=2.33
+b=(2*a*H*Z*S*rowAl)/(A*rowSi*100)
+disp(b,"b in um is= ")
diff --git a/3440/CH12/EX12.6/Ex12_6.sce b/3440/CH12/EX12.6/Ex12_6.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a9c4edcdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH12/EX12.6/Ex12_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+clc
+
+kAl=2.6
+kCu=3.9
+rAl=2.7//u ohm cm
+rCu=1.7//u ohm cm
+reduction=(rCu*kAl*100)/(rAl*kCu)
+disp(reduction,"reduction in% is= ")
diff --git a/3440/CH12/EX12.7/Ex12_7.sce b/3440/CH12/EX12.7/Ex12_7.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19bf03140
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH12/EX12.7/Ex12_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+clc
+
+//(1/r)+(0.01/0.1r)=5.5
+r=1.1/5.5
+disp(r,"r in um/min is = ")
diff --git a/3440/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce b/3440/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ca6345586
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+clc
+
+c=30//m/min
+t=1//minute
+w=300*10^-3//m
+V=c*%pi*(w/2)^2*t
+disp(V,"V in m^3 is= ")
diff --git a/3440/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce b/3440/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ef31df68e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+clc
+
+ET=90//mJ/cm^2
+EI=45//mJ/cm^2
+gammma=1/[log(ET/EI)]
+disp(gammma,"gamma is= ")
+ET=7//mJ/cm^2
+EI=12//mJ/cm^2
+gammma=1/[log(EI/ET)]
+disp(gammma,"gamma is= ")
diff --git a/3440/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.sce b/3440/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f907ad9dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+clc
+
+c=750//nm/min
+l=812//nm/min
+r=765//nm/min
+t=743//nm/min
+b=798//nm/min
+Al=(c+l+r+t+b)/5
+disp(Al,"Al average etch rate in nm/min is= ")
+Er=[(l-t)/(l+t)]*100
+disp(Er,"Etch rate uniformly in % is= ")
diff --git a/3440/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.sce b/3440/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5b078342a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+clc
+
+D=2*10^-14//cm^2/sec
+t=3600//K
+Cx=10^19
+A=sqrt(D*t)
+disp(A,"A in cm is= ")
+Qt=1.13*Cx*A
+disp(Qt,"Q(t) in atoms/cm^3")
+//dC/dx=b
+b=-(Cx/sqrt(%pi*D*t))
+disp(b,"dC/dx in cm^-4 is= ")
+xj=2*sqrt(D*t)*2.75
+disp(xj,"xj in meter is= ")
+b=-(Cx/sqrt(%pi*D*t))*exp(-xj^2/(4*D*t))
+disp(b,"dC/dx in cm^-4 is= ")
+
diff --git a/3440/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.sce b/3440/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fe2f223c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+clc
+
+T=1473//K
+k=8.614*10^-5
+D0=24//cm^2/sec
+Ea=4.08//eV
+D=D0*exp(-Ea/(k*T))
+disp(D,"D in cm^2/sec")
+//a=t*log(t)-10.09*t+8350 t=1190 solving this equation
diff --git a/3440/CH14/EX14.3/Ex14_3.sce b/3440/CH14/EX14.3/Ex14_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a3e08bf06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH14/EX14.3/Ex14_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+clc
+
+w=20//m
+q=1.6*10^-19
+t=60//sec
+nx=2.85*10^19
+disp(nx,"nx in ions/cm^3") //havent solved in textbook
+d=5*10^14//ions/cm^2
+Q=d*%pi*(20/2)^2
+disp(Q,"Q in ions is= ")
+I=(q*Q)/t
+disp(I,"I in A is= ")
+
+
diff --git a/3440/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.sce b/3440/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..739d48c24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc
+
+Rp=0.53//um
+sigmap=0.093//um
+d=Rp+3.96*sigmap
+disp(d,"d in um is= ")
diff --git a/3440/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.sce b/3440/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..56b9bb35b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc
+
+l=9
+r=1.3//kohm
+res=l+r
+disp(res,"res in k ohm")
diff --git a/3440/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.sce b/3440/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c19035d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+clc
+
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+epsilonox=8.85*10^-14//F/cm
+V=5//V
+d=1*10^-6//cm
+A=4*10^-8//cm^2
+Q=3.9*epsilonox*A*(V/d)
+disp(Q,"Q in C is= ")
+Qx=Q/q
+disp(Qx,"Qx in electrons")
diff --git a/3440/CH15/EX15.3/Ex15_3.sce b/3440/CH15/EX15.3/Ex15_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6884105ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH15/EX15.3/Ex15_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+clc
+
+L=10*10^-9//H
+u0=1.2*10^-6
+n=20
+r=L/(u0*n^2)
+disp(r,"r in m is= ")
diff --git a/3440/CH15/EX15.4/Ex15_4.sce b/3440/CH15/EX15.4/Ex15_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ffa55ac3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH15/EX15.4/Ex15_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc
+
+epsilon=8*10^6//V/cm
+d=5*10^-7//cm
+V=epsilon*d
+disp(V,"V in V is= ")
diff --git a/3440/CH15/EX15.5/Ex15_5.sce b/3440/CH15/EX15.5/Ex15_5.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e1f2068be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH15/EX15.5/Ex15_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc
+
+epsilonox=3.9
+epsilonnitride=7
+dnitride=1.5*(epsilonnitride/epsilonox)
+disp(dnitride,"dnitride in nm is= ")
diff --git a/3440/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce b/3440/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f7f94a9fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+m0=0.91*10^-30//kg
+un=1000*10^-4//m^2/Vs
+vth=2.28*10**7//cm/sec
+mn=0.26*m0
+disp(mn)
+tauc=(mn*un)/q
+disp(tauc,"mean free time in sec is")
+l=vth*tauc
+disp(l,"mean free path in cm is")
diff --git a/3440/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce b/3440/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d91cf9e44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+m0=0.91*10^-30//kg
+un=1300//m^2/Vs
+Nd=10^16//cm^3
+n=Nd
+disp(n,"donors are ionized in cm^3 is")
+row=1/(q*n*un)
+disp(row,"resistivity in ohm cm is")
diff --git a/3440/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce b/3440/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1fb774b02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+m0=0.91*10^-30//kg
+n=10^16//cm^3
+W=500*10**-4//cm
+A=2.5*10**-3//cm62
+I=10**-3//A
+Bz=10^-4//Wb/cm^2
+
+RH=1/(q*n)
+disp(RH,"Hall coefficient in cm^3/C is")
+VH=W*RH*I*Bz/A
+disp(VH,"Hall voltage in V is")
+
diff --git a/3440/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce b/3440/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1767f2543
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+m0=0.91*10^-30//kg
+Dn=22.5//cm^2/sec
+deltan=1*10^18-7*10^17//cm^-3
+deltax=0.1//cm
+Jn=q*Dn*(deltan/deltax)
+disp(Jn,"diffusion current density in A/cm^2 is ")
diff --git a/3440/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce b/3440/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..40ac3bf20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+m0=0.91*10^-30//kg
+x=1//cm
+t=100*10^-6//sec
+epsilon=50//V/cm
+vp=x/t
+disp(vp,"drift velocity in cm/s is")
+up=vp/epsilon
+disp(up,"mobility in cm^2/Vs is")
+Dp=(k*T*up)
+disp(Dp,"diffusivity of minority carriers in cm^2/sec is")
diff --git a/3440/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce b/3440/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..547012cb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+m0=0.91*10^-30//kg
+ni=9.65*10^9//cm^-3
+nno=10^14//cm^-3
+taun=2*10^-6//sec
+taup=2*10^-6//sec
+
+pno=ni^2/nno
+disp(pno,"before illumination pno in cm^-3 is")
+GL=(10^13)/(1*10^-6)
+pn=pno+taup*GL
+disp(pn,"after illumination deltapn in cm^-3 is")
diff --git a/3440/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce b/3440/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..be1154cfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+m0=0.91*10^-30//kg
+ni=2.25*10^6//cm^-3
+nn0=10^16//cm^-3
+taun=2*10^-9//sec
+taup=2*10^-9//sec
+
+pn0=ni^2/nn0
+disp(pn0,"before illumination pn0 in cm^-3 is")
+GL=(10^13)/(1*10^-6)
+nn=nn0+taun*GL
+disp(nn,"after illumination nn in cm^-3 is") //textbook ans is wrong
+pn=pn0+taup*GL
+disp(pn,"after illumination pn in cm^-3 is")
+
+
diff --git a/3440/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce b/3440/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a45a18750
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+clc
+
+t1=100*10^-6//sec
+t2=200*10^-6//sec
+N=5
+//deltap=(N/sqrt(4*%pi*Dp*t))*exp(t/taup)
+taup=(t2-t1)/log(N/sqrt(2))
+disp(taup,"minority carrier lifetime taup in sec is=")
diff --git a/3440/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce b/3440/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9dd80b650
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+qx=4.05 //eV
+qVn=0.2 //eV
+Nc=2.86*10^19
+a=(qx+qVn)/(k*T)
+nth=exp(a)*Nc
+disp(nth,"the thermionically emitted electron density for nth at 4.05 in cm^3=") //textbook ans is wrong
+
+qx=0.6 //eV
+nth=exp(qx/(k*T))*Nc
+disp(nth,"the thermionically emitted electron density for nth at 0.6 in cm^3=") //textbook ans is wrong
diff --git a/3440/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce b/3440/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f48fa417a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+NA=10^18 //cm^-3
+ND=10^15//cm^-3
+ni=9.65*10^9
+Vbi=(k*T)*log(NA*ND/ni^2)
+disp(Vbi,"the built in potential in V=")
diff --git a/3440/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce b/3440/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dc2635946
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+N1=1*10^16//cm^-3
+N2=3*10^19//cm^-3
+Vbi=1.6//V
+epsilon1=12
+epsilon2=13
+epsilonx=8.854*10^-14 //F/cm
+Vb1=(epsilon2*N2*Vbi)/(epsilon1*N1+epsilon2*N2)
+disp(Vb1,"Vb1 in V=")
+Vb2=(epsilon1*N1*Vbi)/(epsilon1*N1+epsilon2*N2)
+disp(Vb2,"Vb2 in V=")
+x1=sqrt((2*epsilon1*epsilon2*N2*Vbi)/(q*N1*(epsilon1*N1+epsilon2*N2))) //textbook ans is wrong
+disp(x1,"x1 in cm=")
+x2=sqrt([2*epsilon1*epsilon2*N1*Vbi]/[q*N2*(epsilon1*N1+epsilon2*N2)])
+disp(x2,"x2 in cm=") //texbook ans is wrong
diff --git a/3440/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce b/3440/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2e5e757a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+NA=10^19 //cm^-3
+ND=10^16//cm^-3
+ni=9.65*10^9
+epsilonx=8.854*10^-12 //F/m
+Vbi=(k*T)*log(NA*ND/ni^2)
+disp(Vbi,"the built in potential in V=")
+W=sqrt(2*Vbi/q*ND)
+disp(W,"W in cm =") // ans in textbook is wrong
+epsilonm=((q*ND*W))
+disp(epsilonm,"epsilonm in V/cm") // ans in textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3440/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce b/3440/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9ddf469af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+a=10^20// cm^-4
+W=0.809*10^-4
+epsilonx=8.85*10^-14
+epsilonm=((q*a*W^2)/(8*epsilonx*11.9))
+disp(epsilonm,"epsilonm in V/cm =")
diff --git a/3440/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce b/3440/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4fc4ecd52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+NA=2*10^19 //cm^-3
+ND=8*10^15 //cm^-3
+V=4//V
+ni=9.65*10^9
+epsilonx=8.854*10^-14 //F/cm
+Vbi=(k*T)*log(NA*ND/ni^2)
+disp(Vbi,"the built in potential in V=")
+W=sqrt((2*Vbi*11.9*epsilonx)/(q*ND))
+disp(W,"W in cm =") // ans in textbook is wrong
+Cj=sqrt((q*epsilonx*11.9*ND)/(2*Vbi))
+disp(Cj,"Cj in F/cm^2 =")
+W1=sqrt((2*(Vbi+V)*11.9*epsilonx)/(q*ND))
+disp(W1,"W1 in cm=")
+Cj1=sqrt((q*epsilonx*11.9*ND)/(2*(Vbi+V)))
+disp(Cj1,"Cj1 in F/cm^2")
diff --git a/3440/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce b/3440/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..917d78f48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+NA=5*10^16 //cm^-3
+ND=10^16 //cm^-3
+A=2*10^-4//cm^2
+V=4//V
+ni=9.65*10^9//cm^-3
+epsilonx=8.854*10^-14 //F/cm
+Dn=21//cm^2/sec
+Dp=10//cm^2/sec
+taup=5*10^-7//sec
+taun=5*10^-7//sec
+Lp=sqrt(Dp*taup)
+Js=q*ni^2*[(1/ND)*sqrt(Dp/taup)+(1/NA)*sqrt(Dn/taun)]
+disp(Js,"Js in A/cm=")
+Is=A*Js
+disp(Is,"Is in A =")
+
diff --git a/3440/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce b/3440/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b3bdb1641
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+NA=5*10^16 //cm^-3
+ND=10^16 //cm^-3
+A=2*10^-4//cm^2
+V=4//V
+taug=5*10^-7
+ni=9.65*10^9//cm^-3
+epsilonx=8.854*10^-14 //F/cm
+W=sqrt((2*epsilonx*11.9/q)*[(NA+ND)/(NA*ND)]*[(k*T/q)*log(NA*ND/ni^2)+V]) //value of V is not substituted in textbook
+disp(W,"W in cm=")
+Jgen=(q*ni*W/taug)
+disp(Jgen,"Jgen in A/cm^2") //value of V is not substituted in textbook
diff --git a/3440/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce b/3440/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f76b8fa78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+Lp=5*10^-4
+V=1//V
+ND=8*10^15 //cm^-3
+ni=9.65*10^9//cm^-3
+epsilonx=8.854*10^-14 //F/cm
+Qp=q*Lp*(ni^2/ND)*(exp(V/(k*T))-1)
+disp(Qp,"Qp in C/cm^2") //textbook ans is wrong
diff --git a/3440/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce b/3440/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..847c87cc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+ND=5*10^16//cm^-3
+epsilonx=8.854*10^-14 //F/cm
+epsilonc=5.7*10^5//F/cm
+Vb=(epsilonx*11.9*epsilonc^2)/(ND*2*q)
+disp(Vb,"Vb breakdown in V=")
diff --git a/3440/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce b/3440/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..248e72277
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+ND=8*10^14//cm^-3
+Vb=500 //V
+W=20*10^-6//m
+epsilonx=8.854*10^-14 //F/cm
+Wm=sqrt((2*epsilonx*12.4*Vb)/(q*ND))
+Wm1=Wm*10^-2 //to convert into micrometer
+disp(Wm1,"W in meter=")
+Vb1=Vb*(W/Wm1)*(2-W/Wm1)
+disp(Vb1,"Vb1 in V=")
diff --git a/3440/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/3440/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5a0cf5b3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+clc
+
+Iep=3//mA
+Ieh=0.01//mA
+Ich=0.001//mA
+Icp=2.99//mA
+gamma=Iep/(Iep+Ieh)
+disp(gamma,"gamma =")
+alphaT=Icp/Iep
+disp(alphaT,"alphaT =")
+alpha0=gamma*alphaT
+disp(alpha0,"alpha0 =")
+IE=Iep+Ieh
+disp(IE,"IE in mA=")
+IC=Icp+Ich
+disp(IC,"IC in mA=")
+ICBO=IC-alpha0*IE
+disp(ICBO,"ICBO in mA")
diff --git a/3440/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce b/3440/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c83e43a45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+clc
+
+T=300//K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+A=5*10^-4//m^2
+V=0.6//V
+Dp=10//cm^2/sec
+De=1//cm^2/sec
+Dc=2//cm^2/sec
+taup=10^-7//sec
+taue=10^-8//sec
+ND=10^17
+NE=10^19
+W=0.5*10^-4//cm
+ni=9.65*10^9
+Lp=sqrt(Dp*taup)
+disp(Lp,"Lp in cm=")
+pn0=ni^2/ND
+disp(pn0,"pn0 in cm^-3=")
+Le=sqrt(De*taue)
+disp(Le,"Le in cm=")
+nE0=ni^2/NE
+disp(nE0,"nE0 in cm^-3=")
+IEp=exp(V/(k*T))*(q*pn0*Dp*A/W)
+disp(IEp,"IEp in A")
+Icp=IEp
+disp(Icp,"Icp in A =")
+IEn=(q*nE0*De*A/10^-4)*(exp(V/(k*T))-1)
+disp(IEn,"IEn in A =")
+alpha0=Icp/(IEp+IEn)
+disp(alpha0,"alpha0 is= ")
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3440/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce b/3440/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1d8645887
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+alpha0=0.9933
+Icbo=1*10^-6//A
+beta0=alpha0/(1-alpha0)
+disp(beta0,"beta0 =")
+Iceo=(beta0+1)*Icbo
+disp(Iceo,"Iceo in A =")
+
diff --git a/3440/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce b/3440/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..785bdc0c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+Ege=1.62
+Egb=1.42
+Nb=10^15
+//beta0HBT/beta0BJT=a
+a=exp((Ege-Egb)/(k*T))
+disp(a,"beta0HBT/beta0BJT =") //since the k*T value has taken as 0.025851 so the ans changes in last two digits
+Nb1=Nb*a
+disp(Nb1,"Nb1 in cm^-3=") //since the ans differs in"a" so Nb1 changes
diff --git a/3440/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce b/3440/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4ac9ddf37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+I1=0.4*10^-3//A
+I2=0.6*10^-3//A
+alpha1=0.01
+alpha2=0.9999
+I=(I1+I2)/(1-alpha1)
+disp(I,"I in mA")
+I=(I1+I2)/(1-alpha2)
+disp(I,"I in A")
+
diff --git a/3440/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce b/3440/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4fe1a7c59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+NA=10^17//cm^-3
+epsilonx=8.854*10^-14 //F/cm
+ni=9.65*10^9//cm^-3
+W=2*sqrt(11.9*epsilonx*k*T*log(NA/ni)/(q*NA))
+disp(W,"W in meter =") //textbook ans is wrong
+
diff --git a/3440/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce b/3440/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..696edb67d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+NA=10^17//cm^-3
+Wm=1*10^-5
+d=5*10^-7//cm
+epsilonx=8.854*10^-14 //F/cm
+epsilonox=3.9
+ni=9.65*10^9//cm^-3
+Co=epsilonox*epsilonx/d
+disp(Co,"Co in F/cm^2 =")
+Qsc=q*NA*Wm
+disp(Qsc,"Qsc") //textbook ans is wrong
+psis=2*k*T*log(NA/ni)
+disp(psis,"psis in V =")
+Cmin=epsilonox*epsilonx/(d+(epsilonox/11.9)*Wm)
+disp(Cmin,"Cmin in F/cm^2 =")
diff --git a/3440/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce b/3440/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f6f412ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+NA=10^17//cm^-3
+d=5*10^-7//cm
+Co=6.9*10^-7
+Qf=5*10^11//cm^-2
+Qm=0
+Qot=0
+epsilonx=8.854*10^-14 //F/cm
+phims=-0.98 //V
+Vfb=phims-(Qf*q+Qm+Qot)/Co
+disp(Vfb,"Vfb in V is= ")
diff --git a/3440/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce b/3440/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..61434e0ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+NA=10^17//cm^-3
+d=5*10^-7//cm
+Co=6.9*10^-7
+Qf=5*10^11//cm^-2
+Qm=0
+Qot=0
+epsilonox=3.9//F/cm
+epsilonx=8.854*10^-14 //F/cm
+deltaVfb=(q/(epsilonox*epsilonx))*[(0.5*10^18*(2*10^-6)^2)-(0.333*5*10^23*(2*10^-6)^3)]
+disp(deltaVfb,"deltaVfb in V is= ")
+
diff --git a/3440/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce b/3440/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e086edf84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+epsilonx=8.854*10^-14 //F/cm
+ni=9.65*10^9//cm^-3
+NA=10^17 //cm^-3
+d=8*10^-7//cm
+VG=3//V
+//2*phis=p
+p=0.84//V
+Co=epsilonx*3.9/d
+disp(Co,"Co in F/cm^2 is=")
+K=sqrt((epsilonx*11.9*NA*q))/Co
+disp(K,"K is=")
+Vdsat=VG-p+K^2*(1-sqrt(1+(2*VG/K^2)))
+disp(Vdsat,"Vdsat in V is=")
+
diff --git a/3440/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce b/3440/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..771808105
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+epsilonx=8.854*10^-14 //F/cm
+ni=9.65*10^9//cm^-3
+NA=10^17 //cm^-3
+d=8*10^-7//cm
+VFB=-1.1//V
+Co=6.9*10^-7//F/cm^2
+//2*phis=p
+//Qf/q=m
+p=0.84//V
+m=5*10^11//cm^2
+VT=VFB+p+(sqrt(2*epsilonx*11.9*q*NA*p)/Co)
+disp(VT,"VT in V is=")
+FB=(0.62*Co)/q
+disp(FB,"FB in cm^-2 is=")
+
diff --git a/3440/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce b/3440/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f4b68bab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+epsilonx=8.854*10^-14 //F/cm
+ni=9.65*10^9//cm^-3
+NA=10^17 //cm^-3
+d=8*10^-7//cm
+Co=6.9*10^-9//F/cm^2
+phims=-0.98
+//2*phis=p
+p=0.84//V
+Qf=5*10^11//cm^2
+VFB=phims-(q*Qf/Co) //texbook ans is wrong
+disp(VFB,"VFB in V is=")
+VT=VFB+p+(sqrt(2*epsilonx*11.9*q*NA*p)/Co)
+disp(VT,"VT in V is=") //texbook ans is wrong
diff --git a/3440/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce b/3440/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9c8957bb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+epsilonx=8.854*10^-14 //F/cm
+ni=9.65*10^9//cm^-3
+NA=10^17 //cm^-3
+d=8*10^-7//cm
+Co=6.9*10^-7//F/cm^2
+VBS=2//V
+phims=-0.98
+//2*phis=p
+p=0.84//V
+Qf=5*10^11//cm^2
+deltaVT=sqrt(2*epsilonx*11.9*q*NA)/Co*(sqrt(p+VBS)-sqrt(p))
+disp(deltaVT,"deltaVT in V is= ")
+
diff --git a/3440/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce b/3440/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..13d102993
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+epsilonx=8.854*10^-14 //F/cm
+ni=9.65*10^9//cm^-3
+NA=10^17 //cm^-3
+d=8*10^-7//cm
+Co=6.9*10^-7//F/cm^2
+VFB=-1.1//V
+//2*phis=p
+p=0.84//V
+dsi=5*10^-6//cm^2
+VT=VFB+p+(q*NA*dsi/Co)
+disp(VT,"VT in V is=")
diff --git a/3440/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce b/3440/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bbab3244c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+epsilonx=8.854*10^-14 //F/cm
+ni=9.65*10^9//cm^-3
+NA=10^17 //cm^-3
+d=8*10^-7//cm
+Nc=2.86*10^19
+Co=6.9*10^-7//F/cm^2
+C1=1.8*10^15//(cm^2/F)^2
+C2=6.2*10^15//(cm^2/F)^2
+V1=0//V
+V2=-1//V
+Vbi=0.42
+//d(1/C^2)/dv=a
+a=(C2-C1)/(V2-V1)
+disp(a,"a in (cm^2/F)^2")
+ND=(2/(q*epsilonx*11.9))*(-1/(a))
+disp(ND,"ND in ")
+Vn=k*T*log(Nc/ND)
+disp(Vn,"Vn in V is=")
+phibn=Vbi+Vn
+disp(phibn,"phibn in V is= ")
+
diff --git a/3440/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce b/3440/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..21dd4ee81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+epsilonx=8.854*10^-14 //F/cm
+ni=9.65*10^9//cm^-3
+ND=10^16 //cm^-3
+Nc=2.86*10^19
+Dp=10//cm^2/s
+Lp=3.1*10^-3
+d=8*10^-7//cm
+Js=6.5*10^-5//A/cm^2
+V=0.67//V
+phibn=k*T*log((110*300^2)/Js)
+disp(Js,"Js in V is=") //textbook ans is wrong
+Vn=k*T*log(Nc/ND)
+disp(Vn,"Vn in V is=") //textbook ans is wrong
+Vbi=phibn-Vn
+disp(Vbi,"Vbi in V is=") //textbook ans is wrong
+W=sqrt((2*epsilonx*11.9*Vbi)/(q*ND))
+disp(W,"W in cm is =") //textbook ans is wrong
+Jpo=(q*Dp*ni^2)/(Lp*ND)
+disp(Jpo,"Jpo in A/cm^2 is=")
+z=Js/Jpo
+disp(z,"Js/Jpo ratio of current densities is=")
diff --git a/3440/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce b/3440/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0552bcddd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+epsilons=8.854*10^-31 //F/cm
+ni=9.65*10^9//cm^-3
+ND=5*10^19//cm^-3
+phibn=0.8//V
+I=1//A
+mn=0.26
+Rc=10^-6//ohm cm^2
+A=10^-5//cm^2
+h=1.05*10^-34
+a=Rc/A
+disp(a,"Rc/A in ohm is=")
+C2=(4*sqrt(mn*epsilons*(1.05*10^-10)))/h
+disp(C2,"C2 in m^(3/2)/V is= ") //texbook ans is wrong
+I0=(A/Rc)*(sqrt(ND*10^6)/C2)*exp((C2*phibn)/sqrt(ND*10^6))
+disp(I0,"I0 in A is= ") //textbook ans is wrong
+V=phibn-(sqrt(ND)/C2)*log(I0/I)
+disp(V,"V in V is= ")
+
diff --git a/3440/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce b/3440/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..36085533f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+epsilonx=8.854*10^-14 //F/cm
+ni=9.65*10^9//cm^-3
+ND=2*10^15//cm^-3
+Nc=4.7*10^17//cm^-3
+a=0.6*10^-4
+fbn=0.89//V
+Vp=(q*ND*a^2)/(2*epsilonx*12.4)
+disp(Vp,"Vp in V is=")
+Vn=(k*T)*log(Nc/ND)
+disp(Vn,"Vn in V is=")
+Vbi=fbn-Vn
+disp(Vbi,"Vbi in V is=")
diff --git a/3440/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce b/3440/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..537d79d33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+epsilonx=8.854*10^-14 //F/cm
+ni=9.65*10^9//cm^-3
+ND=2*10^18//cm^-3
+d1=40*10^-7//cm
+d2=8*10^-7//cm
+u=3*10^-7//cm
+Va=0//V
+//deltaEc/q=a
+a=0.23//V
+phibn=0.85//V
+Vp=(q*ND*d1^2)/(2*epsilonx*12.3)
+disp(Vp,"Vp in V is=")
+VT=phibn-a-Vp
+disp(VT,"VT in V is= ")
+ns=((12.3*epsilonx)/(q*(d1+u+d2)))*(Va-VT)
+disp(ns,"ns in cm^-2 is= ")
diff --git a/3440/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce b/3440/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..efa6edbed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+epsilonx=8.85*10^-14 //F/cm
+epsilonm=3.3*10^5 //V/cm
+ni=9.65*10^9//cm^-3
+ND=2*10^18//cm^-3
+b=1*10^-4//cm
+W=6*10^-4//cm
+Q=2*10^12//charges/cm^2
+xA=1*10^-4//cm
+vx=10^7//Hz
+Vb=(epsilonm*b)+[epsilonm-((q*Q)/(epsilonx*11.9))]*(W-b)
+disp(Vb,"Vb in V is= ")
+d=([epsilonm-((q*Q)/(epsilonx*11.9))]*(W-b))/(W-b)
+disp(d,"drift region in V/cm is= ")
+f=vx/[2*(W-xA)]
+disp(f,"f in Hz is= ")
+
+
diff --git a/3440/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce b/3440/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b6051640d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+epsilonx=8.854*10^-14 //F/cm
+L=10*10^-4//cm^-2
+v=10^7//sec
+n0=10^12/L
+disp(n0,"n0 in cm^-3 is=")
+t=L/v
+disp(t,"t in sec is=")
diff --git a/3440/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce b/3440/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9ab1d12f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+clc
+
+T=300 //K
+k=8.617*10^-5 //eV/K
+q=1.6*10**-19 //C
+epsilonx=8.854*10^-14 //F/cm
+hv=3//eV
+phi=10^-2
+ra=2.4*10^-3//W
+Eg=1.12//eV
+alpha=-4*10^4//cm
+W=0.25*10^-4//cm
+a=phi*(1-exp(alpha*W))
+disp(a,"a in J/sec is= ")
+z=(hv-Eg)/hv
+disp(z,"z in % is= ")
+l=a*z
+disp(l,"l in Watt is= ")
+r=ra/(q*Eg)
+disp(r,"r in photons/sec is= ")
diff --git a/3440/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce b/3440/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f6644e613
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+clc
+
+tau=500*10^-12//sec
+deltaf=1/(2*%pi*tau)
+disp(deltaf,"deltaf in Hz is= ") //texbook printing mistake
diff --git a/3440/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce b/3440/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..106a2425d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc
+
+n=3.6
+R=[(n-1)/(n+1)]^2
+disp(R,"R is= ")
+
diff --git a/3440/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce b/3440/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..80f8e009a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+clc
+
+lambda=0.94*10^-6//m
+n=3.6
+L=300*10^-6//m
+deltalambda=(lambda^2)/(2*n*L)
+disp(deltalambda,"deltalambda in meter is= ")
diff --git a/3440/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce b/3440/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..301ecaf47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+clc
+
+alpha=100//per cm
+betaa=0.1//per cm A
+Tau=0.9
+g0=100//per cm
+L=300*10^-4//cm
+w=5*10^-4//cm
+R1=0.44
+R2=0.99
+Jth=((g0*Tau)/betaa)+(1/betaa)*(alpha+(1/(2*L))*log(1/R1*R2))
+disp(Jth,"Jth in A/cm^2 is=")
+Ith=Jth*L*w
+disp(Ith,"Ith in A is=")
diff --git a/3440/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_6.sce b/3440/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_6.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..097f9a8e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3440/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+clc
+
+T0=110//degree C
+T=27+T0*log(2)
+disp(T,"T in degree C is= ")