initial commit / add all books

18 files changed, 672 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/3176/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce b/3176/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d4aed4978
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3176/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+//Ex3_1

+// Gamma Intensity transformation

+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1

+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7

+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1

+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2

+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing

+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods

+

+clc;

+close;

+clear;

+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).

+gray=imread("Ex3_1.tif");

+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');

+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+[M,N]=size(gray);

+c=1;

+gamma=[0.6 0.4 0.3];

+for i=1:length(gamma)

+    b=c.*(gray).^gamma(i); //Gamma transformation

+    b=mat2gray(b);

+    figure,ShowImage(b,'Gray Image');

+    title('Enhance Image after Gamma transformation','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+end

+

+

+

+

+

+

diff --git a/3176/CH3/EX3.10/3_10_his_equ.jpeg b/3176/CH3/EX3.10/3_10_his_equ.jpeg
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5828162ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3176/CH3/EX3.10/3_10_his_equ.jpeg
diff --git a/3176/CH3/EX3.10/3_10_his_local.jpeg b/3176/CH3/EX3.10/3_10_his_local.jpeg
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5a52a6223
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3176/CH3/EX3.10/3_10_his_local.jpeg
diff --git a/3176/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce b/3176/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4f14adcbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3176/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+//Ex3_10

+// Local Histogram Equalization

+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1

+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7

+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1

+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2

+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing

+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods

+

+

+

+clc;

+close;

+clear;

+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).

+p1=imread('Ex3_10.tif');

+a=imcrop(p1,[175 178 155 160]);

+//a=imresize(a,0.5,'bicubic');

+[P Q]=size(a);

+

+/////////////////////////// Global Histogram Equalization  /////////////////////////

+[count cell]=imhist(a);

+figure,ShowImage(a,'Original Image');

+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+

+r=cell';  // Transpose of matrix

+nk=round(count)';   // Transpose of matrix

+M=sum(nk);

+probeblity_r=nk/M;  // Probablity calculation

+for i=1:length(r)

+    sum_1=0;

+    for j=1:i

+        sum_1=sum_1+probeblity_r(j);

+    end

+    s(i)=max(r)*sum_1;

+end

+s=round(s); // Rounding Approach

+//disp(s);

+[nr nc]=size(s);

+temp=s';    // Transpose of matrix

+for i=1:P     // Intensity Replacement in Original Image

+    for j=1:Q        

+        b(i,j)=temp(double(a(i,j))+1);

+    end

+end

+figure,ShowImage(b,'histogram Equlized Image');

+title('Image Enhancement using Global Histogram Equalization','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+

+/////////////////////////// Local Histogram Equalization  /////////////////////////

+mask=3;

+for i=1+floor(mask/2):P-floor(mask/2)

+    for j=1+floor(mask/2):Q-floor(mask/2)

+        a1=a(i-floor(mask/2):1:i+floor(mask/2),j-floor(mask/2):1:j+floor(mask/2)) ;

+        [count cell]=imhist(a1);

+        r=cell';  // Transpose of matrix

+        nk=round(count)';   // Transpose of matrix

+        M=sum(nk);

+        probeblity_r=nk/M;  // Probablity calculation

+        for x=1:length(r)

+            sum_1=0;

+            for y=1:x

+                sum_1=sum_1+probeblity_r(y);

+            end

+        s(x)=max(r)*sum_1;

+        end

+        s=round(s); // Rounding Approach

+        //disp(s);

+        [nr nc]=size(s);

+        temp=s';    // Transpose of matrix            

+        b(i,j)=temp(double(a(i,j))+1); 

+    end

+    disp(i);

+end

+figure,ShowImage(b,'histogram Equlized Image');

+title('Image Enhancement using Local Histogram Equalization','color','blue','fontsize',4);

diff --git a/3176/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce b/3176/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4c4c3d656
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3176/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+//Ex3_11

+// Computing Histogram Statistic

+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1

+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7

+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1

+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2

+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing

+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods

+

+

+

+clc;

+close;

+clear;

+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).

+a=uint8([0 0 1 1 2;1 2 3 0 1;3 3 2 2 0;2 3 1 0 0;1 1 3 2 2]);

+L=max(a);

+[P Q]=size(a);

+

+/////////////////////////// Global Histogram Equalization  /////////////////////////

+[count cell]=imhist(a);

+//figure,bar(cell(1:L+1),count(1:L+1),0.2);

+//title('Histogram');

+r=cell(1:L+1)';  // Transpose of matrix

+nk=round(count(1:L+1))';   // Transpose of matrix

+M=sum(nk);

+probeblity_r=nk/M;  // Probablity calculation

+sum_1=0;

+for i=1:length(r)   

+        sum_1=sum_1+(r(i)*probeblity_r(i));     

+end

+Mean=sum_1;

+disp('Probablity:');

+disp(probeblity_r);

+disp('Mean:');

+disp(Mean);

+

+Mean1=mean(double(a));

+disp('Mean Calculated from (5*5)Image:');

+disp(Mean1);

diff --git a/3176/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce b/3176/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ac44e2f9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3176/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+//Ex3_12

+// Local Enhancement using Histogram Statistic

+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1

+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7

+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1

+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2

+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing

+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods

+

+

+

+clc;

+close;

+clear;

+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).

+a=imread('Ex3_12.tif');

+//a=double(a);

+[M N]=size(a);

+

+/////////////////////////// Global Histogram Equalization  /////////////////////////

+[count cell]=imhist(a);  // Histogram Calculation

+figure,ShowImage(a,'Original Image');

+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+

+r=cell';  // Transpose of matrix

+nk=round(count)';   // Transpose of matrix

+P=sum(nk);

+probeblity_r=nk/P;  // Probablity calculation

+for i=1:length(r)

+    sum_1=0;

+    for j=1:i

+        sum_1=sum_1+probeblity_r(j);

+    end

+    s(i)=max(r)*sum_1;

+end

+s=round(s); // Rounding Approach

+disp(s);

+[nr nc]=size(s);

+temp=s';    // Transpose of matrix

+for i=1:M     // Intensity Replacement in Original Image

+    for j=1:N        

+        b(i,j)=temp(double(a(i,j))+1);

+    end

+end

+figure,ShowImage(b,'histogram Equlized Image');

+title('Image Enhancement using Global Histogram Statistic ','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+

+

+/////////////////////////// Image Enhancement using Local Histogram Statistic  /////////////////////////

+E=4;K0=0.4;K1=0.02;K2=0.4;

+mask=3;

+Mean_G=mean(double(a));  // Global Mean Value

+Variance_G=variance(double(a));   // Global Variance Value

+

+for i=1+floor(mask/2):M-floor(mask/2)

+    for j=1+floor(mask/2):N-floor(mask/2)

+        a1=a(i-floor(mask/2):1:i+floor(mask/2),j-floor(mask/2):1:j+floor(mask/2)) ;

+        Mean_L=mean(double(a1));   // Local Mean Value

+        Variance_L=variance(double(a1));   // Local Variance Value

+        if((Mean_L<=K0*Mean_G) & (K1*Variance_G<=Variance_L) & (Variance_L<=K2*Variance_G))

+            g(i,j)=E*a(i,j);

+        else

+            g(i,j)=a(i,j);

+        end        

+    end

+end

+

+figure,ShowImage(g,'Local Histogram Statistic');

+title('Image Enhancement using Local Histogram Statistic','color','blue','fontsize',4);

diff --git a/3176/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce b/3176/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fab5173a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3176/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+//Ex3_13

+// Image Smoothing

+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1

+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7

+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1

+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2

+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing

+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods

+

+

+

+clc;

+close;

+clear;

+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).

+a=imread('Ex3_13.tif');

+[M N]=size(a);

+figure,ShowImage(a,'Original Image');

+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+

+/////////////////////////// Smoothing with Mask Size (3*3) /////////////////////////

+F=fspecial('average',3);

+Image=imfilter(a,F);

+figure,ShowImage(Image,'Original Image');

+title('Filtered Image with Mask Size(3*3)','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+

+/////////////////////////// Smoothing with Mask Size (5*5) /////////////////////////

+F=fspecial('average',5);

+Image=imfilter(a,F);

+figure,ShowImage(Image,'Original Image');

+title('Filtered Image with Mask Size(5*5)','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+

+/////////////////////////// Smoothing with Mask Size (5*5) /////////////////////////

+F=fspecial('average',9);

+Image=imfilter(a,F);

+figure,ShowImage(Image,'Original Image');

+title('Filtered Image with Mask Size(9*9)','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+

+/////////////////////////// Smoothing with Mask Size (5*5) /////////////////////////

+F=fspecial('average',15);

+Image=imfilter(a,F);

+figure,ShowImage(Image,'Original Image');

+title('Filtered Image with Mask Size(15*15)','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+

+/////////////////////////// Smoothing with Mask Size (5*5) /////////////////////////

+F=fspecial('average',35);

+Image=imfilter(a,F);

+figure,ShowImage(Image,'Original Image');

+title('Filtered Image with Mask Size(35*35)','color','blue','fontsize',4);

diff --git a/3176/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce b/3176/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8df299b30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3176/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+//Ex3_14

+// Median Filtering for Noise Reduction

+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1

+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7

+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1

+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2

+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing

+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods

+

+

+

+clc;

+close;

+clear;

+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).

+a=imread('Ex3_14.tif');

+[M N]=size(a);

+figure,ShowImage(a,'Original Image');

+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+

+/////////////////////////// Averaging Filter with Mask Size (3*3) /////////////////////////

+F=fspecial('average',3);

+Image=imfilter(a,F);

+figure,ShowImage(Image,'Original Image');

+title('Filtered Image with Averaging Filter(3*3)','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+

+/////////////////////////// Median Filtering with Mask Size (5*5) /////////////////////////

+Image=MedianFilter(a,[3 3]);

+figure,ShowImage(Image,'Original Image');

+title('Median Filtered Image with Median Filter(3*3)','color','blue','fontsize',4);

diff --git a/3176/CH3/EX3.15/Ex3_15.sce b/3176/CH3/EX3.15/Ex3_15.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3167b1db1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3176/CH3/EX3.15/Ex3_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+//Ex3_15

+// Image Sharpning using Laplacian 

+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1

+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7

+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1

+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2

+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing

+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods

+

+

+

+clc;

+close;

+clear;

+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).

+a=imread('Ex3_15.tif');

+[M N]=size(a);

+figure,ShowImage(a,'Original Image');

+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+

+/////////////////////////// Laplacian Filtering /////////////////////////

+F=fspecial('laplacian',0);

+Image1=imfilter(a,F);

+figure,ShowImage(Image1,'Original Image');

+title('Filtered Image with Laplacian Mask','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+

+/////////////////////////// Laplacian Filtering /////////////////////////

+F=[1 1 1;1 -8 1;1 1 1];

+Image2=imfilter(a,F);

+figure,ShowImage(Image2,'Original Image');

+title('Filtered Image with Laplacian Mask','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+

+/////////////////////////// Laplacian Filtering /////////////////////////

+b=a-(1*Image1);

+figure,ShowImage(b,'Original Image');

+title('Filtered Image with Laplacian Mask','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+

+

+/////////////////////////// Laplacian Filtering /////////////////////////

+b=a-(1*Image2);

+figure,ShowImage(b,'Original Image');

+title('Filtered Image with Laplacian Mask','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+

diff --git a/3176/CH3/EX3.16/Ex3_16.sce b/3176/CH3/EX3.16/Ex3_16.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cdd7a580d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3176/CH3/EX3.16/Ex3_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+//Ex3_16

+// Image Sharpning using Un-Sharp Masking and High-Boost Filtering 

+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1

+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7

+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1

+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2

+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing

+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods

+

+

+

+clc;

+close;

+clear;

+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).

+a=imread('Ex3_16.tif');

+[M N]=size(a);

+figure,ShowImage(a,'Original Image');

+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+

+/////////////////////////// Laplacian Filtering /////////////////////////

+F=fspecial('gaussian',5,3);

+Image1=imfilter(a,F);

+figure,ShowImage(Image1,'Original Image');

+title('Filtered Image with gaussian Filter(3*3)','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+

+Unsharp_Mask=a-Image1;

+figure,ShowImage(Unsharp_Mask,'Original Image');

+title('Unsharp Mask Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+

+/////////////////////////// Un-Sharp Filtering /////////////////////////

+k=1;

+Unsharp=a+(k.*Image1);

+figure,ShowImage(Unsharp,'Original Image');

+title('Unsharp Filtered Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+

+/////////////////////////// High-Boost Filtering /////////////////////////

+k=4.5;

+High_Boost=a+(k.*Image1);

+figure,ShowImage(High_Boost,'Original Image');

+title('High_Boost Filtered Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);

diff --git a/3176/CH3/EX3.17/Ex3_17.sce b/3176/CH3/EX3.17/Ex3_17.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ec221d928
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3176/CH3/EX3.17/Ex3_17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//Ex3_17

+// Use of gradient for Edge Enhancement 

+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1

+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7

+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1

+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2

+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing

+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods

+

+

+

+clc;

+close;

+clear;

+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).

+a=rgb2gray(imread('Ex3_17.png'));

+[M N]=size(a);

+figure,ShowImage(a,'Original Image');

+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+

+/////////////////////////// Laplacian Filtering /////////////////////////

+F=fspecial('sobel');  // Sobel Mask

+Image1=imfilter(a,F);

+figure,ShowImage(Image1,'Original Image');

+title('Filtered Image with Sobel Gradient(3*3)','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+

+

diff --git a/3176/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce b/3176/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6b984f70e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3176/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+//Ex3_2

+// Illustration of Power Law Transformation

+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1

+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7

+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1

+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2

+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing

+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods

+

+clc;

+close;

+clear;

+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).

+gray=imread("Ex3_2.tif");

+gray=im2double(gray);

+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');

+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+[M,N]=size(gray);

+c=1;

+gamma=[3 4 5];

+for i=1:length(gamma)

+    b=c.*(gray).^gamma(i); //Gamma transformation

+    b=mat2gray(b);

+    figure,ShowImage(b,'Gray Image');

+    title('Enhance Image after Gamma transformation','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+end

+

+

+

+

+

+

diff --git a/3176/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce b/3176/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ed8e2139c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3176/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+//Ex3_3

+// Intensity Level Slicing

+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1

+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7

+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1

+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2

+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing

+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods

+

+clc;

+close;

+clear;

+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).

+gray=imread("Ex3_3.tif");

+//gray=im2double(gray);

+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');

+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+[M,N]=size(gray);

+A=145;

+B=245;

+for i=1:M

+    for j=1:N

+        if(gray(i,j)>A & gray(i,j)<=B)

+        b(i,j)=255;

+        c(i,j)=255;

+    else

+        b(i,j)=0;

+        c(i,j)=gray(i,j);

+    end

+    end    

+end

+figure,ShowImage(b,'Gray Image');

+title('Image after Intensity Slicing transformation','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+

+figure,ShowImage(c,'Gray Image');

+title('Image after Intensity Slicing transformation(Linear)','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+

+

diff --git a/3176/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce b/3176/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7ec584068
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3176/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+//Ex3_5

+// A Simple Illustration of Histogram Equalization

+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1

+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7

+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1

+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2

+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing

+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods

+

+

+

+clc;

+close;

+clear;

+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).

+r=[0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7];  // Intensity

+nk=[790 1023 850 656 329 245 122 81];  //Total No. of Pixels having Same Intensity

+M=sum(nk);

+probability_r=nk/M;  // Probability calculation

+for i=1:length(r)

+    sum_1=0;

+    for j=1:i

+        sum_1=sum_1+probability_r(j);

+    end

+    s(i)=max(r)*sum_1;

+end

+s=round(s); // Rounding Approach

+disp(s);

+[nr nc]=size(s);

+

+

+for i=0:max(r)

+    [row col]=find(s==i);

+    len=length(row);

+    if(len>0)

+        sum_1=0;

+        for j=1:len

+            sum_1=sum_1+probability_r(row(j)); //Addition of Probability of same intensity after Equalization

+        end

+        Hist_equ(i+1)=sum_1;

+    else

+        Hist_equ(i+1)=0;

+    end       

+end

+disp('Histogram Equalization:')

+disp(Hist_equ);

+

+figure,bar(r,probability_r,0.1);

+title('Original Histogram','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+xlabel('Intensity');

+ylabel('Probability of Same Intensity');

+

+figure,bar(r,Hist_equ,0.1);

+title('Equalized Histogram','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+xlabel('Intensity');

+ylabel('Probability of Same Intensity');

diff --git a/3176/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce b/3176/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7a9af7a65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3176/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+//Ex3_6

+// Histogram Equalization

+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1

+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7

+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1

+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2

+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing

+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods

+

+

+

+clc;

+close;

+clear;

+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).

+a=imread('Ex3_6.tif');

+[P Q]=size(a);

+[count cell]=imhist(a);

+figure,ShowImage(a,'Original Image');

+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+

+r=cell';  // Transpose of matrix

+nk=round(count)';   // Transpose of matrix

+

+//r=[0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7];  // Intensity

+//nk=[790 1023 850 656 329 245 122 81];  //Total No. of Pixels having Same Intensity

+M=sum(nk);

+probeblity_r=nk/M;  // Probablity calculation

+for i=1:length(r)

+    sum_1=0;

+    for j=1:i

+        sum_1=sum_1+probeblity_r(j);

+    end

+    s(i)=max(r)*sum_1;

+end

+s=round(s); // Rounding Approach

+disp(s);

+[nr nc]=size(s);

+temp=s';    // Transpose of matrix

+for i=1:P     // Intensity Replacement in Original Image

+    for j=1:Q        

+        b(i,j)=temp(double(a(i,j))+1);

+    end

+end

+figure,ShowImage(b,'histogram Equlized Image');

+title('histogram Equlized Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+

+for i=0:max(r)

+    [row col]=find(s==i);

+    len=length(row);

+    if(len>0)

+        sum_1=0;

+        for j=1:len

+            sum_1=sum_1+probeblity_r(row(j)); //Addition of Probability of same intensity after Equqlization

+        end

+        Hist_equ(i+1)=sum_1;

+    else

+        Hist_equ(i+1)=0;

+    end       

+end

+disp('Histogram Equlization:')

+disp(Hist_equ);

+

+figure,bar(r,Hist_equ,0.1);

+title('Equalized Histogram','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+xlabel('Intensity');

+ylabel('Probability of Same Intensity');

diff --git a/3176/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce b/3176/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b730075a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3176/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+//Ex3_8

+// Histogram Specification

+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1

+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7

+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1

+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2

+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing

+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods

+

+

+

+clc;

+close;

+clear;

+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).

+r=[0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7];  // Intensity

+nk=[790 1023 850 656 329 245 122 81];  //Total No. of Pixels having Same Intensity

+probability_Specified=[0.00 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.20 0.30 0.20 0.15]; // Histogram Specification

+M=sum(nk);

+probability_r=nk/M;  // Probablity calculation

+for i=1:length(r)

+    sum_1=0;

+    sum_2=0;

+    for j=1:i

+        sum_1=sum_1+probability_r(j);         // Histogram Equalization

+        sum_2=sum_2+probability_Specified(j); // Histogram Specification

+    end

+    s(i)=max(r)*sum_1;

+    G(i)=max(r)*sum_2;

+end

+

+s=round(s); // Rounding Approach

+disp('Histogram Equalization:')

+disp(s);

+G=round(G); // Rounding Approach

+disp('Histogram Specification G(Zq):')

+disp(G);

+[nr nc]=size(s);

+

+for i=0:max(r)

+    [row col]=find(G(i+1)==s);

+    len=length(row);

+    if(len>0)

+        sum_1=0;

+        for j=1:len

+            sum_1=sum_1+probability_r(row(j));

+        end

+        Hist_Spe(i+1)=sum_1;

+    end

+    if(len==0)               

+        if(G(i+1)==0)

+        Hist_Spe(i+1)=0;

+    else

+        Hist_Spe(i+1)=probability_r(G(i+1));

+    end

+end

+end

+disp('Histogram After Matching:')

+disp(Hist_Spe);

+

+figure,bar(r,probability_r,0.1);

+title('Original Histrogram','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+xlabel('Intensity');

+ylabel('Probability of Same Intensity');

+

+figure,bar(r,probability_Specified,0.1);

+title('Specified Histogram','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+xlabel('Intensity');

+ylabel('Probability of Same Intensity');

+

+figure,bar(r,Hist_Spe,0.1);

+title('Histogram matching','color','blue','fontsize',4);

+xlabel('Intensity');

+ylabel('Probability of Same Intensity');

diff --git a/3176/CH3/EX3.8/Ex_3_8_1.jpeg b/3176/CH3/EX3.8/Ex_3_8_1.jpeg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ed3a18eba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3176/CH3/EX3.8/Ex_3_8_1.jpeg
diff --git a/3176/CH3/EX3.8/Ex_3_8_2.jpeg b/3176/CH3/EX3.8/Ex_3_8_2.jpeg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..46527c48c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3176/CH3/EX3.8/Ex_3_8_2.jpeg