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| author | priyanka | 2015-06-24 15:03:17 +0530 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | priyanka | 2015-06-24 15:03:17 +0530 |
| commit | b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b (patch) | |
| tree | ab291cffc65280e58ac82470ba63fbcca7805165 /3159 | |
| download | Scilab-TBC-Uploads-b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b.tar.gz Scilab-TBC-Uploads-b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b.tar.bz2 Scilab-TBC-Uploads-b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b.zip | |
initial commit / add all books
Diffstat (limited to '3159')
104 files changed, 979 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/3159/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce b/3159/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..67a172a63 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// Estimate young’s modulus of material
+clc
+n = 1
+m = 9
+A = 7.68e-29 // Constant having unit J m
+r_0 = 2.5e-10 // bonding distance in m
+printf("\n Example 10.1")
+B = A*r_0^8/9
+
+Y = (90*B/(r_0)^11-2*A/(r_0)^3)/r_0
+
+printf("\n Young’s modulus of material is %d GN m^-2",Y/1e9)
+
diff --git a/3159/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.txt b/3159/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4a136d16b --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 10.1
+ Young’s modulus of material is 157 GN m^-2
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce b/3159/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2bdfe362c --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +// Calculation of stress in fibers
+clc
+Y_f = 440
+Y_m = 71
+sigma_total= 100 // total load
+printf("\n Example 10.2")
+r = Y_f/Y_m
+sigma_f = r*(sigma_total/0.7)/(1+r*3/7)
+printf("\n Part A:")
+printf("\n When load is applied parallel to fiber then, stress in fiber is %d MN m^-2",sigma_f)
+
+printf("\n\n Part B:")
+printf("\n When load is applied perpendicular to fiber then, stress in fiber and matrix is same i.e. %d MN m^-2",sigma_total)
+
diff --git a/3159/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.txt b/3159/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4cb83150f --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +
+ Example 10.2
+ Part A:
+ When load is applied parallel to fiber then, stress in fiber is 242 MN m^-2
+
+ Part B:
+ When load is applied perpendicular to fiber then, stress in fiber and matrix is same i.e. 100 MN m^-2
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce b/3159/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..237bf63a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// Estimate diffusion coefficient
+clc
+t_r = 100 // relaxation time in s
+d = 2.5 // distance in angstrom
+printf("\n Example 10.3")
+f = 1/t_r // jump frequency
+D = (d*1e-10)^2*f
+printf("\n Diffusion coefficient is %.2e m^2 s^-1",D)
+
diff --git a/3159/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.txt b/3159/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a4947c8b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 10.3
+ Diffusion coefficient is 6.25e-22 m^2 s^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce b/3159/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6910f20b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +// Calculate the stress required to move the dislocation at given temperature
+clc
+b = 2 // burger vector in angstrom
+v = 20*b^3 // activation volume
+tau_pn = 1000 // P-N stress of crystal in MNm^-2
+k = 1.38e-23 // physical constant
+t1 = 0 // temperature in K
+t2 = 100// temperature in K
+t3 = 300// temperature in K
+t4 = 500// temperature in K
+printf("\n Example 11.2")
+printf("\n\n Part A:")
+T = t1
+tau_app = tau_pn - 40*k*T/(v*1e-30)
+printf("\n The stress required to move the dislocation at temperature %dK is %d MNm^-2",T,tau_app)
+printf("\n\n Part B:")
+T = t2
+tau_app = tau_pn - 40*k*T/(v*1e-30*1e6)
+printf("\n The stress required to move the dislocation at temperature %dK is %d MNm^-2",T,tau_app)
+printf("\n\n Part C:")
+T = t3
+tau_app = tau_pn - 40*k*T/(v*1e-30*1e6)
+if tau_app<0 then
+ printf("\n Stress to be applied is zero")
+ printf("\n The stress required to move the dislocation at temperature %dK entirely overcome by thermal fluctuations", T)
+end
+printf("\n\n Part D:")
+T = t4
+tau_app = tau_pn - 40*k*T/(v*1e-30*1e6)
+if tau_app<0 then
+ printf("\n Stress to be applied is zero")
+ printf("\n The stress required to move the dislocation at temperature %dK entirely overcome by thermal fluctuations", T)
+end
+
diff --git a/3159/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.txt b/3159/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..46b965493 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +
+ Example 11.2
+
+ Part A:
+ The stress required to move the dislocation at temperature 0K is 1000 MNm^-2
+
+ Part B:
+ The stress required to move the dislocation at temperature 100K is 655 MNm^-2
+
+ Part C:
+ Stress to be applied is zero
+ The stress required to move the dislocation at temperature 300K entirely overcome by thermal fluctuations
+
+ Part D:
+ Stress to be applied is zero
+ The stress required to move the dislocation at temperature 500K entirely overcome by thermal fluctuations
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce b/3159/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..640d9a24d --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// Calculate the dislocation density in copper
+clc
+mu = 44 // shear modulus of copper in GN m^-2
+b = 2.55 // burgers vector in angstrom
+tau = 35 // shear stress in MN m^-2
+printf("Example 11.3")
+l = mu*1e9*b*1e-10/(tau*1e6)
+rho = 1/l^2
+
+printf("\n Dislocation density in copper is %.1e m^-2",rho)
+// Answer in book is 1e12 m^-2
diff --git a/3159/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.txt b/3159/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..707229681 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + Example 11.3
+ Dislocation density in copper is 9.7e+12 m^-2
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce b/3159/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d323041bd --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// Find the yield stress for a grain size of ASTM 9
+clc
+sigma1 = 120 // initial yield strength of material in MNm^-2
+sigma2 = 220 // Final yield strength of material in MN m^-2
+d1 = 0.04 // initial diameter in mm
+d2 = 0.01 // final diameter in mm
+n = 9 // astm number
+printf("Example 11.4")
+k = (sigma2-sigma1)*1e6/(1/sqrt(d2*1e-3)-1/sqrt(d1*1e-3))
+sigma_i = sigma1*1e6 -k/sqrt((d1*1e-3))
+d = 1/sqrt(2^(n-1)*1e4/645)
+sigma_y = sigma_i+k*(d*1e-3)^(-0.5)
+
+printf("\n Yield stress for a grain size of ASTM 9 is %d MN m^-2",ceil(sigma_y/1e6))
+
diff --git a/3159/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.txt b/3159/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2a216bdd3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + Example 11.4
+ Yield stress for a grain size of ASTM 9 is 179 MN m^-2
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce b/3159/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c6950a0dc --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +// Estimate the change in yield strength
+clc
+n1 = 1e6 // initial number of particles
+n2 = 1e3 // final number of particle
+printf("\n Example 11.5")
+k = (n1/n2)^(1/3)
+printf("\n Yield strength would have decreased to %d%% of its initial value.",100/k)
diff --git a/3159/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.txt b/3159/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..643dff95e --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 11.5
+ Yield strength would have decreased to 10% of its initial value.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce b/3159/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..116ea22b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// Estimate fracture strength
+clc
+c = 2 // crack of half length in micro meter
+Y = 70 // young’s modulus in GN m^-2
+Gamma = 1 // specific surface energy
+printf("\n Example 12.1")
+sigma_f = sqrt(2*Gamma*Y*1e9/(%pi*c*1e-6))/1e6
+r = Y*1e3/sigma_f
+printf("\n Fracture strength of %d MN m^-2 is 1/%dth of young’s modulus. ",ceil(sigma_f),ceil(r/100)*100)
+printf("\n Thus Griffiths criterion bridges the gap between the \n observed and ideal strengths of brittle material")
+
diff --git a/3159/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.txt b/3159/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..833246d9c --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+ Example 12.1
+ Fracture strength of 150 MN m^-2 is 1/500th of young’s modulus.
+ Thus Griffiths criterion bridges the gap between the
+ observed and ideal strengths of brittle material
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.sce b/3159/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2b9db8e7a --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// Estimate the brittle fracture strength at low temperatures
+clc
+Gamma = 1.5// specific surface energy in J/m^2
+Y = 200 // Young’s modulus in GN/m^2
+c = 2 // half length of crack
+
+printf("\n Example 12.2")
+sigma_f = sqrt(2*Gamma*Y*1e9/(%pi*c*1e-6))
+
+printf("\n Brittle fracture strength at low temperatures is %d MNm^-2 ",sigma_f/1e6)// answer in book is 310MNm^-2
+
diff --git a/3159/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.txt b/3159/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..415caca87 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 12.2
+ Brittle fracture strength at low temperatures is 309 MNm^-2
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce b/3159/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..32b9fac64 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Estimate the temperature at which the ductility of brittle transition occurs at given strain rates
+clc
+Gamma = 2// specific surface energy in J/m^2
+Y = 350 // Young’s modulus in GN/m^2
+c = 2 // half length of crack
+de_dt1 = 1e-2 // strain rate
+de_dt2 = 1e-5 // strain rate
+printf("\n Example 12.3")
+printf("\n Part A:")
+sigma_f = sqrt(2*Gamma*Y*1e9/(%pi*c*1e-6))
+sigma_y = sigma_f/1e6
+T = 173600/(sigma_y-20.6-61.3*log10(de_dt1))// temperature calculation
+
+printf("\n Transition temperature for strain rate %.0e s^-1 is %d K",de_dt1,T)// answer in book is 300 K
+printf("\n\n Part B:")
+
+T = 173600/(sigma_y-20.6-61.3*log10(de_dt2))// temperature calculation
+
+printf("\n Transition temperature for strain rate %.0e s^-1 is %d K",de_dt2,T)// answer in book is 230 K
+// Solution in book for two parts is divided into three parts
+
diff --git a/3159/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.txt b/3159/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a3620fd93 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +
+ Example 12.3
+ Part A:
+ Transition temperature for strain rate 1e-02 s^-1 is 302 K
+
+ Part B:
+ Transition temperature for strain rate 1e-05 s^-1 is 229 K
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce b/3159/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..596d64ff4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Calculation of required quantity of magnesium
+clc
+j = 15 // current density in mA m^-2
+m = 0.0243 // molar mass of magnesium
+F = 96490 // farad charge
+n = 2 // charge on ion
+t = 10 // time in years
+printf("\n Example 13.2")
+a = m*j*1e-3*(t*365*24*3600)/(n*F)
+printf("\n Amount of magnesium required is %0.1f kg m^-2",a)
diff --git a/3159/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.txt b/3159/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8b82e6cc8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 13.2
+ Amount of magnesium required is 0.6 kg m^-2
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.sce b/3159/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..12bec7916 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +// Calculate energy difference
+clc
+n_x1 = 1 // atomic level
+n_y1 = 1// atomic level
+n_z1 = 1// atomic level
+n_x2 = 2// atomic level
+L = 10 // lattice parameter in mm
+h = 6.626e-34 // plank constant
+m_e = 9.109e-31 // mass of electron in kg
+printf("\n Example 14.1")
+E1 = h^2*(n_x1^2+n_y1^2+n_z1^2)/(8*m_e*(L*1e-3)^2)
+E2 = h^2*(n_x2^2+n_y1^2+n_z1^2)/(8*m_e*(L*1e-3)^2)
+E = E2-E1 // energy difference
+printf("\n Energy difference is %.2e J ",E)
diff --git a/3159/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.txt b/3159/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..cf19699f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 14.1
+ Energy difference is 1.81e-33 J
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.sce b/3159/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..96d0dbb94 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// Calculate conductivity of copper at 300 K
+clc
+tau = 2e-14 // collision time of electron in s
+e = 1.602e-19 // charge on electron
+m_e = 9.1e-31 // mass of electron in kg
+
+printf("\n Example 14.2")
+n = 6.023e23*8960/0.06354
+
+sigma= n*e^2*tau/m_e
+printf("\n Conductivity of copper at 300 K is %.1e ohm^-1 m^-1 ",sigma)
diff --git a/3159/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.txt b/3159/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..801f80529 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 14.2
+ Conductivity of copper at 300 K is 4.8e+07 ohm^-1 m^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH14/EX14.3/Ex14_3.sce b/3159/CH14/EX14.3/Ex14_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..008f50a21 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH14/EX14.3/Ex14_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// Estimation of resistivity due to impurity scattering of 1% of Nickel in copper lattice
+clc
+r_cu = 1.8e-8 // resistivity of pure copper in ohm-m
+r_Ni_cu = 7e-8 //resistivity of copper 4% Ni in ohm-m
+per1 = 4//impurity in percent
+per2 = 1 // impurity in percent
+printf("\n Example 14.3")
+r = (r_Ni_cu-r_cu)*per2/per1 // resistivity of copper 1% Ni in ohm-m
+printf("\n Resistivity due to impurity scattering of 1 %% of Nickel in copper lattice is %.1e ohm-m",r)
diff --git a/3159/CH14/EX14.3/Ex14_3.txt b/3159/CH14/EX14.3/Ex14_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5c33e593c --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH14/EX14.3/Ex14_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 14.3
+ Resistivity due to impurity scattering of 1 % of Nickel in copper lattice is 1.3e-08 ohm-m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.sce b/3159/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..46f384aec --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Calculate intrinsic carrier density
+clc
+rho = 3000 // resistivity in ohm m
+mu_e = 0.14
+mu_h = 0.05
+e = 1.602e-19 // charge on electron
+printf("\n Example 15.1")
+sigma = 1/rho
+n = sigma/((mu_e+mu_h)*e)
+printf("\n Intrinsic carrier density is %.3e m^-3",n)
diff --git a/3159/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.txt b/3159/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a0292de78 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 15.1
+ Intrinsic carrier density is 1.095e+16 m^-3
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.sce b/3159/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4f35fcf3d --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// Calculate the net magnetic moment per iron atom in crystal
+clc
+a = 2.87 // lattice parameter in angstrom
+n = 2 // number of atoms per unit cell
+m = 1750 // Saturation magnetization in kAm^-1
+mu = 9.273e-24 // bohr magneton
+printf("\n Example 16.1")
+m_atom = m*1e3*(a*1e-10)^3 /n
+mu_b = m_atom/mu
+
+printf("\n Net magnetic moment per iron atom in crystal is %.3e Am^2",m_atom)
+printf("\n In unit of mu_b, Net magnetic moment per iron atom in crystal is %.1f ",mu_b)
+
diff --git a/3159/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.txt b/3159/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3f3b86f8f --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+ Example 16.1
+ Net magnetic moment per iron atom in crystal is 2.068e-23 Am^2
+ In unit of mu_b, Net magnetic moment per iron atom in crystal is 2.2
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.sce b/3159/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1ca826a0d --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Comparison of saturation temperatures
+clc
+t1 = 0 // temperature in kelvin
+t2 = 300 // temperature in kelvin
+m_net_Gd = 7 // net magnetic moment of gadolinium
+m_net_Co = 1.7 // net magnetic moment of cobalt
+t_c_Gd = 289 // curie temperature for Gd
+printf("\n Example 16.2")
+printf("\n Part A:")
+if m_net_Gd> m_net_Co then
+printf("\n At %d K, Net magnetic moment of gadolinium i.e. %d is greater than net magnetic moment of cobalt i.e. %.1f ",t1,m_net_Gd,m_net_Co)
+printf("\n So, Gd will have higher saturation magnetization")
+end
+printf("\n\n Part B:")
+if t_c_Gd<t2 then
+ printf("\n At temperature %d K, Gd is above its curie temperature of %dK",t2,t_c_Gd)
+ printf("\n Gd will be paramagnetic at %d K and will have negligible magnetization\n as compared to Co, which has higher curie temperature",t2)
+end
+
diff --git a/3159/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.txt b/3159/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..35a826878 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +
+ Example 16.2
+ Part A:
+ At 0 K, Net magnetic moment of gadolinium i.e. 7 is greater than net magnetic moment of cobalt i.e. 1.7
+ So, Gd will have higher saturation magnetization
+
+ Part B:
+ At temperature 300 K, Gd is above its curie temperature of 289K
+ Gd will be paramagnetic at 300 K and will have negligible magnetization
+ as compared to Co, which has higher curie temperature
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH16/EX16.4/Ex16_4.sce b/3159/CH16/EX16.4/Ex16_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..37b5d3ead --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH16/EX16.4/Ex16_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Calculation of hysteresis loss
+clc
+v = 0.01 // volume in m^3
+x = 1e-4 // axis intercept
+y = 1e2 // axis intercept
+a = 60000 // Hysteresis loop area
+f = 50 // frequency in Hz
+printf("\n Example 16.4")
+e = x*y*a // Energy loss in one loop
+E = e*v // energy loss in core in one cycle
+P = E*f // Power loss
+printf("\n Power loss due to hysteresis is %d W",P)
diff --git a/3159/CH16/EX16.4/Ex16_4.txt b/3159/CH16/EX16.4/Ex16_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4b170128a --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH16/EX16.4/Ex16_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 16.4
+ Power loss due to hysteresis is 300 W
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH16/EX16.5/Ex16_5.sce b/3159/CH16/EX16.5/Ex16_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..30a5c2e59 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH16/EX16.5/Ex16_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +// Calculation of eddy current loss at normal voltage and frequency
+clc
+Total1 = 2300 // total iron loss in W at 440 V and 50 Hz
+Total2 = 750 // total iron loss in W at 220 V and 25 Hz
+printf("\n Example 16.5")
+W_e = 1/2*(Total1-2*Total2)
+printf("\n Eddy current loss at normal voltage and frequency is %dW",4*W_e)
+
diff --git a/3159/CH16/EX16.5/Ex16_5.txt b/3159/CH16/EX16.5/Ex16_5.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3632a3e6f --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH16/EX16.5/Ex16_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 16.5
+ Eddy current loss at normal voltage and frequency is 1600W
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH17/EX17.1/Ex17_1.sce b/3159/CH17/EX17.1/Ex17_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c38765a78 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH17/EX17.1/Ex17_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// calculation of relative dielectric constant
+clc
+l= 10// length of capacitor in mm
+b = 10 // width of capacitor in mm
+d = 2 // distance of separation in mm
+c = 1e-9 // capacitance in farad
+epsilon_0 = 8.85e-12 // permittivity of free space
+printf("\n Example 17.1")
+epsilon_r = c*d*1e-3/(epsilon_0*l*1e-3*b*1e-3)
+
+printf("\n Relative dielectric constant is %d",epsilon_r)
+
diff --git a/3159/CH17/EX17.1/Ex17_1.txt b/3159/CH17/EX17.1/Ex17_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..766c04507 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH17/EX17.1/Ex17_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 17.1
+ Relative dielectric constant is 2259
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH17/EX17.2/Ex17_2.sce b/3159/CH17/EX17.2/Ex17_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5087d472e --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH17/EX17.2/Ex17_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// calculate the polarization of a BaTio3 crystal
+clc
+Ti_shift= 0.06 // shift of TI ion in angstrom
+O_shift = 0.06 // shift of oxygen ion of side face in angstrom
+o_shift = 0.08 //shift of oxygen ion of top and bottom faces in angstrom
+O_charge = 2 // unit charge on oxygen ion of side face
+o_charge = 2 // unit charge on oxygen ion of top and bottom faces
+Ti_charge = 4 // unit charge on titanium ion
+n_O = 2 // number of oxygen ion of side face
+n_o = 1 // number of oxygen ion of top and bottom face
+n_Ti = 1 // number of titanium ion
+e = 1.6e-19 // amount of one unit charge in coulomb
+printf("\n Example 17.2")
+p_Ti = n_Ti*Ti_charge *e*Ti_shift*1e-10
+p_O = n_O*O_charge*e*O_shift*1e-10
+p_o = n_o*o_charge*e*o_shift*1e-10
+Total = p_Ti+p_O+p_o
+P = Total/(4.03*3.98^2*1e-30)
+printf("\n Polarization of BaTiO3 crystal is %.2f Cm^-2 ", P)
+
diff --git a/3159/CH17/EX17.2/Ex17_2.txt b/3159/CH17/EX17.2/Ex17_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..15bafab4c --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH17/EX17.2/Ex17_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 17.2
+ Polarization of BaTiO3 crystal is 0.16 Cm^-2
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce b/3159/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..884133c2c --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +// Calculate the entropy increase
+clc
+del_h = 6.02 // Heat added in kJ/mol
+t_m = 273.15 // mean temperature in kelvin
+printf("\n Example 2.1")
+del_s = del_h*1e3/t_m
+printf("\n Increase in entropy is %.2f J mol^-1 K^-1",del_s)
diff --git a/3159/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.txt b/3159/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..090ff68d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + Example 2.1
+ Increase in entropy is 22.04 J mol^-1 K^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce b/3159/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e6331fde7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Calculation of fraction of atoms with energy equal to or greater than 1eV at temperatures
+clc
+E = 1 // energy in electron volt
+e = 1.6e-19 // charge on electron
+k = 1.38e-23 // constant
+t1 = 300 // temperature in K
+t2 = 1500 // temperature in K
+printf("\n Example 2.2")
+printf("\n\n Part A:")
+n_N = exp(-(e/(k*t1)))
+printf("\n Fraction of atoms with energy equal to or greater than 1eV at temperature %d K is %.2e ",t1,n_N) // numerical value of answer in book is 2e-17
+printf("\n\n Part B:")
+n_N = exp(-(e/(k*t2)))
+printf("\n Fraction of atoms with energy equal to or greater than 1eV at temperature %d K is %.2e ",t2,n_N) // numerical value of answer in book is 4.3e4
+
+
diff --git a/3159/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.txt b/3159/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..973be48eb --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +Example 2.2
+
+ Part A:
+ Fraction of atoms with energy equal to or greater than 1eV at temperature 300 K is 1.64e-17
+
+ Part B:
+ Fraction of atoms with energy equal to or greater than 1eV at temperature 1500 K is 4.40e-04
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce b/3159/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..850f55257 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Calculate effective number of lattice point in three cubic space lattice
+clc
+sc_n = 1/8 // sharing of one lattice point in a unit cell
+sc_N = 8 // Number of lattice points in Simple cubic
+bcc_n_e = 1/4// sharing of one edge lattice point in a BCC
+bcc_N_e = 4// Number of edge lattice point in a BCC
+bcc_n_c = 1// sharing of one body center lattice point in a BCC
+bcc_N_c = 1// Number of body center lattice point in a BCC
+fcc_n_e = 1/8 // sharing of one corner lattice point in a FCC
+fcc_N_e = 8// Number of corner lattice point in a FCC
+fcc_n_f = 1/2 // sharing of one face center lattice point in a FCC
+fcc_N_f = 6// Number of face center lattice point in a FCC
+printf("\n Example 3.2 ")
+sc_net = sc_n*sc_N
+bcc_net = bcc_n_e*bcc_N_e+bcc_n_c*bcc_N_c
+fcc_net = fcc_n_e*fcc_N_e+fcc_n_f*fcc_N_f
+printf("\n Effective number of lattice points are as:")
+printf("\n\n Space lattice \t Abbreviation \t Effective number of lattice point in unit cell \n")
+printf("\n Simple cubic \t\tSC \t\t\t\t %d\n Body center cubic\tBCC \t\t\t\t %d\n Face centered cubic\tFCC \t\t\t\t %d ",sc_net,bcc_net,fcc_net)
+
diff --git a/3159/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.txt b/3159/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3dbb54159 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +Example 3.2
+ Effective number of lattice points are as:
+
+ Space lattice Abbreviation Effective number of lattice point in unit cell
+
+ Simple cubic SC 1
+ Body center cubic BCC 2
+ Face centered cubic FCC 4
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce b/3159/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..12264bcb3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +// Determine Interplanar spacing and miller indices
+clc
+a = 3.16 // lattice parameter in angstrom
+l1 = 1 // line number
+l2 = 2 // line number
+l3 = 3 // line number
+l4 = 4 // line number
+theta1 = 20.3 // angle for line 1
+theta2 = 29.2// angle for line 2
+theta3 = 36.7// angle for line 3
+theta4 = 43.6// angle for line 4
+n = 1 // order
+lambda = 1.54 // wavelength in angstrom
+printf("\n Example 3.7")
+d1 = lambda/(2*sin(theta1*%pi/180))
+d2 = lambda/(2*sin(theta2*%pi/180))
+d3 = lambda/(2*sin(theta3*%pi/180))
+d4 = lambda/(2*sin(theta4*%pi/180))
+x1 = a^2/d1^2
+x2 = a^2/d2^2
+x3 = a^2/d3^2
+x4 = a^2/d4^2 // where x is function of h,k and l
+printf("\n Interplanar spacing is %.3f angstrom ",x1) // answer in book is 2.220 angstrom
+if floor(x1) == 2 then
+ printf("\n\n For a^2/d^2 = %d \t Reflection plane is {110}",x1)
+end
+
+if floor(x2) == 4 then
+ printf("\n For a^2/d^2 = %d \t Reflection plane is {200}",x2)
+end
+
+ if floor(x3) == 6 then
+ printf("\n For a^2/d^2 = %d \t Reflection plane is {211}",x3)
+end
+
+ if floor(x4) == 8 then
+ printf("\n For a^2/d^2 = %d \t Reflection plane is {220}",x4)
+end
+
diff --git a/3159/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.txt b/3159/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bdac96a08 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +
+ Example 3.7
+ Interplanar spacing is 2.027 angstrom
+
+ For a^2/d^2 = 2 Reflection plane is {110}
+ For a^2/d^2 = 4 Reflection plane is {200}
+ For a^2/d^2 = 6 Reflection plane is {211}
+ For a^2/d^2 = 8 Reflection plane is {220}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce b/3159/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d1ec5e2e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +// Determine structure and lattice parameter of material
+clc
+d = 114.6 // diameter of power camera in angstrom
+lambda = 1.54 // wavelength in angstrom
+s1 = 86
+s2 = 100
+s3 = 148
+s4 = 180
+s5 = 188
+s6 = 232
+s7 = 272
+printf("\n Example 3.8")
+R = d/2 // Radius
+if R==57.3 then
+ k = 1/4 // Bragg angle factor
+end
+a1 = (sin(s1*k*%pi/180))^2
+a2 = (sin(s2*k*%pi/180))^2
+a3 = (sin(s3*k*%pi/180))^2
+a4 = (sin(s4*k*%pi/180))^2
+a5 = (sin(s5*k*%pi/180))^2
+a6 = (sin(s6*k*%pi/180))^2
+a7 = (sin(s7*k*%pi/180))^2
+c = 22 // constant to convert into integral number
+
+printf("\n Within experimental error, values are as in integral ratio are as: \n %d:%d:%d:%d:%d:%d:%d",ceil(c*a1),ceil(c*a2),ceil(c*a3),ceil(c*a4),ceil(c*a5),ceil(c*a6),ceil(c*a7))
+printf("\n So, this structure is FCC and material is copper with 3.62 angstrom lattice parameter")
+
diff --git a/3159/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.txt b/3159/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..72b5101ea --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+ Example 3.8
+ Within experimental error, values are as in integral ratio are as:
+ 3:4:8:11:12:16:19
+ So, this structure is FCC and material is copper with 3.62 angstrom lattice parameter
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/3159/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..58472a9f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// Calculate frequency and wavelength of radiation
+clc
+E = 1.64e-18 // energy difference between two states in J
+h= 6.626e-34 // planks constant
+c = 2.998e8 // speed of light in m/s
+printf("\n Example 4.1")
+nu = E/h
+lambda = c/nu
+printf("\n Frequency of emitted radiation is %.2e Hz",nu)
+printf("\n Wavelength of emitted radiation is %.2e m \n\t \tor\t\t %d angstrom",lambda,lambda*1e10)// answer in book is 1210 angstrom
+
diff --git a/3159/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.txt b/3159/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4977a4b69 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + Example 4.1
+ Frequency of emitted radiation is 2.48e+15 Hz
+ Wavelength of emitted radiation is 1.21e-07 m
+ or 1211 angstrom
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce b/3159/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3c1e04b26 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Reconcile the difference of energy
+clc
+e_a = 713 // enthalpy of atomization in kJ/mol
+e_b = 347 // bond energy in kJ/mol
+a = 4 // total number of atoms in single crystal structure
+b = 2 // number of atoms in a bond
+printf("\n Example 4.3")
+k = a/b // effective number of bond per atom
+e = k*e_b
+printf("\n %d kJ should be the enthalpy of atomization of diamond", e)
+printf("\n However, %d kJ is very close to %d kJ",e,e_a)
+
diff --git a/3159/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.txt b/3159/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b475fa763 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + Example 4.3
+ 694 kJ should be the enthalpy of atomization of diamond
+ However, 694 kJ is very close to 713 kJ .
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce b/3159/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..52e70250c --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// Calculation of fraction of hydrogen bonds which breaks during ice melting
+clc
+del_h = 6.02 // enthalpy of fusion in kJ/mol
+n = 2 // number of hydrogen atom in 1 water atom
+del_b = 20.5 // hydrogen bond energy in kJ/mol
+printf("\n Example 4.4")
+f = del_h/(n*del_b)
+printf("\n Fraction of hydrogen bonds which broken is %.2f",f)
+
diff --git a/3159/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.txt b/3159/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2a2aea4e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 4.4
+ Fraction of hydrogen bonds which broken is 0.15
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce b/3159/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c3922bc7b --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Calculate packing efficiency and density of diamond
+clc
+n_c = 1/8 // sharing of corner atom in a unit cell
+N_c = 8 // Number of corner atoms in unit cell
+n_b = 1 // sharing of body centered atom in a unit cell
+N_b = 4 // Number of body centered atoms in unit cell
+n_f = 0.5// sharing of face centered atom in a unit cell
+N_f = 6// Number of face centered atoms in unit cell
+a = 1 // let lattice parameter
+m = 12 // mass of carbon
+printf("\n Example 5.1")
+printf("\n Part A:")
+N = n_c*N_c+n_b*N_b+n_f*N_f // effective number of atoms
+r = a*sqrt(3)/8
+p_e = N*4/3*%pi*r^3/a^3 // packing efficiency
+
+printf("\n Packing efficiency of diamond is %.2f",p_e)
+printf("\n\n Part B:")
+a = 3.57 // lattice parameter in angstrom
+d = m*1.66e-27*N/(a*1e-10)^3
+printf("\n Density of diamond is %d Kg/m^3",d)// numerical answer in book is 3500
+printf("\n Density of diamond is %.1f g/cm^3",d/1000)
diff --git a/3159/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.txt b/3159/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e62993050 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +
+ Example 5.1
+ Part A:
+ Packing efficiency of diamond is 0.34
+
+ Part B:
+ Density of diamond is 3502 Kg/m^3
+ Density of diamond is 3.5 g/cm^3
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce b/3159/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2942a912e --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// calculate the c/a ratio for an ideally close packed HCP crystal
+clc
+a = 1 // let
+PR = a
+printf("\ Example 5.3")
+RT = a/sqrt(3)
+PT = sqrt(PR^2-RT^2)
+c_a = 2*PT/PR
+// Calculations are made on the crystal structure drawn in book
+printf("\n c/a ratio for an ideally close packed HCP crystal is %0.3f ",c_a)
+
diff --git a/3159/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.txt b/3159/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f6e5db4c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + Example 5.3
+ c/a ratio for an ideally close packed HCP crystal is 1.633
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce b/3159/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e06aaf6bd --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// find the size of largest sphere that can fit into a tetrahedral void
+clc
+r = 1 // let
+a = 3/4
+printf("\n Example 5.4")
+pt = 2*sqrt(2/3)*r
+s = a*pt-r // size of sphere
+printf("\n Size of largest sphere that can fit into a tetrahedral void is %.3fr",s)
+
diff --git a/3159/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.txt b/3159/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3ed50986c --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 5.4
+ Size of largest sphere that can fit into a tetrahedral void is 0.225r
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce b/3159/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fffe2b017 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +// find critical radius ratio for triangular coordination
+clc
+theta = 60 // angle in degree
+printf("\n Example 5.5")
+r_c_a = (2/3*2*sin(theta*%pi/180))-1 // ratio calculation
+printf("\n Critical radius ratio for triangular coordination is %0.3f ",r_c_a)
diff --git a/3159/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.txt b/3159/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5c520a503 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 5.5
+ Critical radius ratio for triangular coordination is 0.155
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce b/3159/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..37cb2f6cb --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Calculate density of MgO
+clc
+r_mg = 0.78 // radius of magnesium cation in angstrom
+r_o = 1.32 // radius of oxygen anion in angstrom
+n = 4 // effective number of unit cell
+m_o = 16 // mass of oxygen
+m_mg = 24.3 // mass of magnesium
+printf("\n Example 5.6")
+a = 2*(r_mg+r_o)// lattice parameter
+d = (m_o+m_mg)*1.66e-27*n/(a*1e-10)^3// density
+printf("\n Density of MgO is %d Kg/m^3",d) // answer is 3610 kg/m^3
+printf("\n Density of MgO is %0.2f g/cm^3",d/1000)
diff --git a/3159/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.txt b/3159/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2b2fb66c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+ Example 5.6
+ Density of MgO is 3611 Kg/m^3
+ Density of MgO is 3.61 g/cm^3
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce b/3159/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1628c9e83 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Find equilibrium concentration of vacancies in metals at given temperature
+clc
+t1 = 0 // temperature in kelvin
+t2 = 300 // temperature in kelvin
+t3 = 900// temperature in kelvin
+R = 8.314 // universal gas constant
+del_hf_al = 68 // Enthalpy of formation of aluminium crystal in KJ
+del_hf_ni = 168 // Enthalpy of formation of nickel crystal in KJ
+printf("\n Example 6.1")
+
+printf("\n Equilibrium concentration of vacancies of aluminium at %dK is 0",t1)
+n_N = exp(-del_hf_al*1e3/(R*t2))
+printf("\n Equilibrium concentration of vacancies of aluminium at %dK is %.2e",t2,n_N) // answer in book is 1.45e-12
+n_N = exp(-del_hf_al*1e3/(R*t3))
+printf("\n Equilibrium concentration of vacancies of aluminium at %dK is %.2e",t3,n_N) // answer in book is 1.12e-4
+
+printf("\n\n Equilibrium concentration of vacancies of Nickel at %dK is 0",t1)
+n_N = exp(-del_hf_ni*1e3/(R*t2))
+printf("\n Equilibrium concentration of vacancies of Nickel at %dK is %.2e",t2,n_N)
+n_N = exp(-del_hf_ni*1e3/(R*t3))
+printf("\n Equilibrium concentration of vacancies of Nickel at %dK is %.2e",t3,n_N) // answer in book is 1.78e-10
+
diff --git a/3159/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.txt b/3159/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..242ba6570 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +
+ Example 6.1
+ Equilibrium concentration of vacancies of aluminium at 0K is 0
+ Equilibrium concentration of vacancies of aluminium at 300K is 1.44e-12
+ Equilibrium concentration of vacancies of aluminium at 900K is 1.13e-04
+
+ Equilibrium concentration of vacancies of Nickel at 0K is 0
+ Equilibrium concentration of vacancies of Nickel at 300K is 5.59e-30
+ Equilibrium concentration of vacancies of Nickel at 900K is 1.77e-10
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce b/3159/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e2792f88c --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// Compute the line energy of dislocation
+clc
+a = 2.87 // lattice parameter in angstrom
+b= 2.49 // magnitude of burgers vector in angstrom
+G = 80.2 // shear modulus in GN
+printf("\n Example 6.2")
+E = G*1e9*(b*1e-10)^2*1/2
+printf("\n Line energy of dislocation is %.2e J m^-1",E)
+
diff --git a/3159/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.txt b/3159/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..013ea0561 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 6.2
+ Line energy of dislocation is 2.49e-09 J m^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce b/3159/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7becf6bb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// calculation of down climb of crystal on heating
+clc
+a = 1e10// total number of edge dislocation
+N = 6.023e23 // Avogadro number
+R = 8.314 // Universal gas constant
+t1 = 0 // initial temperature in K
+t2 = 1000 // Final temperature in K
+del_hf = 100 // Enthalpy of vacancy formation in KJ
+d = 2 // length of one step in angstrom
+v = 5.5e-6 // volume of one mole crystal
+printf("\n Example 6.4")
+n = N*exp(-(del_hf*1e3)/(R*(t2-t1)))/v
+k = 1/(d*1e-10) // atoms required for 1 m climb
+b = n/(k*a)// average amount of climb
+c = b*d*1e-10
+
+printf("\n Average down climb of crystal is %.2em",c)
+
diff --git a/3159/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.txt b/3159/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..95acb4cd1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 6.4
+ Average down climb of crystal is 2.62e-06m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce b/3159/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d826d7121 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// Calculate surface energy of copper crystal of type {111}
+clc
+E = 56.4 // bond energy in KJ
+N_a = 6.023e23 // Avogadro’s number
+n = 12 // number of bonds
+m = 3 // number of broken bonds
+N = 1.77e19 // number of atoms in copper crystal of type {111} per m^2
+printf("\n Example 6.5")
+b_e = 1/2*E*1e3*n/N_a // bond energy per atom
+e_b = b_e*m/n // energy of broken bond at surface
+s_e = e_b*N // surface enthalpy of copper
+printf("\n Surface enthalpy of copper is %0.2f J m^-2",s_e)
+printf("\n Surface enthalpy of copper is %d erg cm^-2",s_e*1e3)
+// Answer in book is 2490 erg cm^-2
+
diff --git a/3159/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.txt b/3159/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..873864c43 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +Example 6.5
+ Surface enthalpy of copper is 2.49 J m^-2
+ Surface enthalpy of copper is 2486 erg cm^-2
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce b/3159/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ed2a0498b --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +// Compute the angle at the bottom of groove of a boundary
+clc
+Gamma_gb = 1 // let, energy of grain boundary
+Gamma_s = 3* Gamma_gb// energy of free surface
+printf("\n Example 6.6")
+theta = 2*acos(1/2*Gamma_gb/Gamma_s)
+printf("\n Angle at the bottom of groove of a boundary is %d degrees.",ceil(theta*180/%pi))
+
diff --git a/3159/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.txt b/3159/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..01b012410 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 6.6
+ Angle at the bottom of groove of a boundary is 161 degrees.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce b/3159/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..03a44b98e --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// Find degrees of freedom of a system of two components
+clc
+c = 2 // number of components
+printf("\n Example 7.1")
+for n = 1:4
+ p = (c-1) +2 // Total variables
+ f = c-n+2 // degree of freedom
+ printf("\n\n Degree of freedom for two components when \n number of phases is %d is %d",n,f)
+end
diff --git a/3159/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.txt b/3159/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..97d15f7f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +
+ Example 7.1
+
+ Degree of freedom for two components when
+ number of phases is 1 is 3
+
+ Degree of freedom for two components when
+ number of phases is 2 is 2
+
+ Degree of freedom for two components when
+ number of phases is 3 is 1
+
+ Degree of freedom for two components when
+ number of phases is 4 is 0
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce b/3159/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b0958caf6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +// Find minimum number of component in system
+clc
+p = 4 // number of phases of system
+f = 0 // number of degree of system
+
+printf("\n Example 7.2")
+C = f+p-1 // components number
+printf("\n Minimum number of components in system is %d",C)
diff --git a/3159/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.txt b/3159/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5a18d1b0f --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 7.2
+ Minimum number of components in system is 3
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce b/3159/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..11c138b41 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +// Calculate amount of pure water that can be extracted from sea water
+clc
+L = 23.3 // % composition of L
+a = 3.5 // concentration of Nacl in sea water
+ice = 0 // % composition of ice
+printf("\n Example 7.3")
+f_ice = (L-a)/(L-ice)
+printf("\n Fractional amount of pure water that can be extracted from sea water is %0.2f",f_ice)
diff --git a/3159/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.txt b/3159/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..242be1655 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 7.3
+ Fractional amount of pure water that can be extracted from sea water is 0.85
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce b/3159/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..be6fcbb5d --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Calculate proeutectoid ferrite and eutectoid ferrite in 0.6% steel
+clc
+a = 0 // limiting value
+b = 0.8 // limiting value
+c = 0.6 // percentage composition of carbon
+f = 0.88 // fraction of ferrite in a eutectoid steel
+printf("\n Example 7.5")
+f_pro_alpha = (b-c)/(b-a)
+f_perlite = 1 - f_pro_alpha
+f_eut = f*f_perlite
+printf("\n Composition of proeutectoid ferrite is %0.2f",f_pro_alpha)
+printf("\n Composition of eutectoid ferrite is %0.2f",f_eut)
diff --git a/3159/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.txt b/3159/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..645b1d6f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+ Example 7.5
+ Composition of proeutectoid ferrite is 0.25
+ Composition of eutectoid ferrite is 0.66
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce b/3159/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ee1bd5c83 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// calculate the rate at which hydrogen escapes through the walls of the steel tank
+clc
+t = 5 // thickness in mm
+c = 10 // concentration
+D = 1e-9 // diffusion coefficient
+printf("\n Example 8.1")
+j = D*c/(t*1e-3)
+printf("\n Outward flux is %.0e kg m^-2 s^-1",j)
+
diff --git a/3159/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.txt b/3159/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..53856ed66 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 8.1
+ Outward flux is 2e-06 kg m^-2 s^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce b/3159/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8fb4078c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Calculate maximum time till which material can be kept at 550 degree Celsius
+clc
+D_0 = 0.24e-4 // diffusion coefficient
+Q = 121e3
+R = 8.314// Universal gas constant
+T = 550 // temperature in Celsius
+k = 0.2 // thickness of pure Al sheet in mm
+d = 0.1 // penetration depth in mm
+c_x = 0.4 // concentration in percentage
+A = 2 // Constant in percentage
+B = 2// Constant in percentage
+printf("\n Example 8.2")
+x = d-k
+D_cu_al = D_0*exp(-Q/(R*(T+273)))
+k = (A-c_x)/B
+if k ==0.8 then
+ z = 0.9 // from table
+end
+t = (x*1e-3)^2/(z^2*4*D_cu_al)// time in sec
+
+printf("\n Material can be kept at %d degree Celsius for nearly %d minute",T,t/60)// answer in book is 100 min
+
diff --git a/3159/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.txt b/3159/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..264d811e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 8.2
+ Material can be kept at 550 degree Celsius for nearly 102 minute.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce b/3159/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..60f183006 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +// Calculate minimum depth up to which post machining is to be done
+clc
+D_0 = 0.7e-4 // diffusion coefficient
+Q = 157 // Energy in kJ mol^-1, considered from table 8.2
+R = 8.314// Universal gas constant
+T = 950 // temperature in Celsius
+c2 = 0.8 // concentration in percentage
+cs = 0 // concentration in percentage
+c_x = 0.6// concentration in percentage
+t = 4 // time in hours
+a = 1 //let
+printf("\n Example 8.3")
+A = cs
+B = c2-cs
+D = D_0*exp(-Q*1e3/(R*(T+273)))
+k = erf(((A-c_x)/B))*-1
+if k >0.7 then
+ if k<0.712 then
+ z = 0.81 // from table
+ end
+
+end
+x = z*2*sqrt(D*t*3600)
+
+printf("\n Depth up to which machining is required is nearly %.2f mm",x*1e3)
+// numerical value of answer in book is 0.75
+
diff --git a/3159/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.txt b/3159/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..32d510074 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 8.3
+ Depth up to which machining is required is nearly 0.72 mm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce b/3159/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9caa01a0d --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Calculate time required to get required boron concentration
+clc
+D = 4e-17 // diffusion coefficient
+c1 = 0
+cs = 3e26
+c_x = 1e23 // number of atoms
+x = 2e-6 // depth in m
+printf("\n Example 8.4")
+A = cs
+B = cs - c1
+k = (A-c_x)/B
+if k >0.99966 then
+ if k< 0.9997 then
+ z = 2.55 // from table
+ end
+end
+t = x^2/(z^2*4*D)// time in sec
+
+printf("\n Time required to get required boron concentration is %d sec",t)// answer in book is 3845 sec
+
diff --git a/3159/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.txt b/3159/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..884f110e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 8.4
+ Time required to get required boron concentration is 3844 sec
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce b/3159/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3435b5b92 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +// Calculate ratio of cross sectional areas
+clc
+r = 10 // radius in mm
+t = 4 // thickness in angstrom
+printf("\n Example 8.5")
+r = 2*%pi*r*1e-3*t*1e-10/(%pi*(r*1e-3)^2)
+printf("\n Ratio of cross sectional areas is %.0e ",r)
+
diff --git a/3159/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.txt b/3159/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f55099abf --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 8.5
+ Ratio of cross sectional areas is 8e-08
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce b/3159/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5c4bff11e --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +// Calculate the critical free energy of nucleation of ice from water and critical radius
+clc
+del_t1 = 0// temperature difference in degree Celsius
+del_t2 = -5 // temperature difference in degree Celsius
+del_t3 = -40 // temperature difference in degree Celsius
+del_h = 6.02 // enthalpy of fusion in kJ/mol
+T_m = 273 // mean temperature
+Gamma = 0.076 // energy of ice water interface in J /m^2
+v = 19 // molar volume of ice
+printf("\n Example 9.1")
+printf("\n Part A")
+printf("\n At del_t = %d, there is no supercooling. So there is no critical radius",del_t1)
+printf("\n\n Part B")
+del_f = 16/3*%pi*(Gamma)^3*T_m^2/((del_h*1e3*1e6/v)^2*del_t2^2)
+r = 2*T_m*Gamma/(-del_h*1e3*1e6/v*del_t2)
+printf("\n Critical free energy of nucleation is %.1eJ",del_f)
+printf("\n Critical radius is %d angstrom",ceil(r*1e10))
+printf("\n\n Part C")
+temp_r = del_t3/del_t2
+del_f_ = del_f/temp_r^2
+r_ = r/temp_r
+
+ printf("\n Critical free energy of nucleation is %.1eJ",del_f_)
+printf("\n Critical radius is %d angstrom.", ceil(r_*1e10))
+
diff --git a/3159/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.txt b/3159/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e6ecccede --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +
+ Example 9.1
+ Part A
+ At del_t = 0, there is no supercooling. So there is no critical radius
+
+ Part B
+ Critical free energy of nucleation is 2.2e-16J
+ Critical radius is 262 angstrom
+
+ Part C
+ Critical free energy of nucleation is 3.4e-18J
+ Critical radius is 33 angstrom.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce b/3159/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0b6e24c20 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// Calculate the change in del_f required to increase nucleation rate
+clc
+T= 300 // temperature in kelvin
+R = 8.314 // universal gas constant
+k = 2.303 // conversion factor
+a1 = 1e42
+a2 = 1e6 // nucleation rate
+a3 = 1e10 // nucleation rate
+printf("Example 9.2")
+I1 = (log10(a1)-log10(a2))*k*R*T // exponent factor
+I2 = (log10(a1)-log10(a3))*k*R*T// exponent factor
+del_f = I1-I2 // difference
+a = 10^(log10(a3)-log10(a2))
+
+printf("\n A change of %d KJ mol^-1 energy is required to increase nucleation factor from \n %.0e m^-3 s^-1 to %.0e m^-3 s^-1 ",ceil(del_f/1e3),a,a3)
diff --git a/3159/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.txt b/3159/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..dbf59fd3d --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + Example 9.2
+ A change of 23 KJ mol^-1 energy is required to increase nucleation factor from
+ 1e+04 m^-3 s^-1 to 1e+10 m^-3 s^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce b/3159/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7dbc981a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// Calculate del_f_het as a fraction of del_f_homo
+clc
+Gamma_alpha_del = 0.5 // in J m^-2
+Gamma_alpha_beta = 0.5 // in J m^-2
+Gamma_beta_del = 0.01 // in J m^-2
+
+printf("\n Example 9.4")
+theta = acos((Gamma_alpha_del -Gamma_beta_del)/Gamma_alpha_beta)
+del_f_ratio = 1/4*(2-3*cos(theta)+(cos(theta))^3)
+
+
+printf("\n del_f_het is %0.4fth fraction of del_f_homo.",del_f_ratio)
+
diff --git a/3159/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.txt b/3159/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6f169cc76 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 9.4
+ del_f_het is 0.0003th fraction of del_f_homo.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3159/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_6.sce b/3159/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..521afedd9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Calculate the free energy change during recrystallization
+clc
+mu = 45.5e9
+b = 2.55e-10
+n1 = 1e9 // initial dislocation density
+n2 = 1e13 // final dislocation density
+printf("\n Example 9.6")
+E = 1/2*mu*b^2*n2
+del_g = E // as difference between initial and final dislocation energy is four order magnitude
+printf("\n Free energy change during recrystallization is %d J m^-3",-del_g)
+// Numerical value of answer in book is 14800
+
diff --git a/3159/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_6.txt b/3159/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_6.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..028c84ef6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3159/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 9.6
+ Free energy change during recrystallization is -14793 J m^-3
\ No newline at end of file |