initial commit / add all books

10 files changed, 113 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/2795/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_01.sce b/2795/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_01.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e9fa32166
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2795/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_01.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// Scilab Code Ex16.1: Page-581(2014)

+clc; clear;

+H0 = 22;    // Value of Hubble constant, km/s per million ly

+parsec = 3.26;    // The value of 1 parsec, light years

+printf("\nThe value of Hubble constant = %d km/s per Mpc", ceil(H0*parsec));

+

+// Result

+// The value of Hubble constant = 72 km/s per Mpc 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/2795/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_02.sce b/2795/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_02.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..992fa720c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2795/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_02.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Scilab Code Ex16.2: Page-583(2014)

+clc; clear;

+M = 1;    // Let the current mass of the universe be unity

+m_u = 1;    // Mass equivalent of 1 amu, u

+N_n = 2;    // Number of neutrons in helium

+N_p = 2;    // Number of protons in helium

+M_p = 0.75*M*m_u;    // Total mass of protons

+M_He = 0.25*M*m_u;    // Total mass of helium

+N_fp = M_p/M_He*(N_n + N_p);    // Total number of free protons for every He-4

+N_P = N_fp + N_p;    // Total number of protons per He-4

+ratio = N_P/N_n;    // Current ratio of protons to the neutrons in the universe

+printf("\nThe current ratio of protons to the neutrons in the universe = %d", ratio);

+ 

+// Result

+// The current ratio of protons to the neutrons in the universe = 7 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/2795/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_03.sce b/2795/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_03.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ce509efab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2795/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_03.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Scilab Code Ex16.3: Page-587(2014)

+clc; clear;

+m_n = 939.566;    // Rest mass of the neutron, MeV/c^2

+m_p = 938.272;    // Rest mass of the proton, MeV/c^2

+e = 1.6e-019;    // Energy equivalent of 1 eV, J

+c = 1;    // For simplicity assume speed of light of light to be unity

+T = 1e+010;    // Temperature of the universe, K

+delta_m = m_n - m_p;    // Mass difference between a proton and a neutron, MeV/c^2

+k = 1.38e-023;    // Boltzmann constant, J/k

+// As from Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution from thermodynamics, N = exp(-m*c^2/(k*T)), so

+ratio = exp(delta_m*c^2*1e+006*e/(k*T));    // Ratio of protons to neutrons in the universe at 10 billion kelvin

+printf("\nThe ratio of protons to neutrons in the universe at 10 billion kelvin = %3.1f", ratio);

+

+// Result

+// The ratio of protons to neutrons in the universe at 10 billion kelvin = 4.5 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/2795/CH16/EX16.4/Ex16_04.sce b/2795/CH16/EX16.4/Ex16_04.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..64ec97a01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2795/CH16/EX16.4/Ex16_04.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Scilab Code Ex16.4: Page-589(2014)

+clc; clear;

+M = 1.99e+030;    // Mass of the sun, kg

+G = 6.67e-011;    // Universal gravitational constant, N-Sq.m/kg^2

+k = 1.38e-023;    // Boltzmann constant, J/K

+R = 6.96e+008;    // Radius of the sun, m

+m = 1.67e-027;    // Rest mass of the proton, kg

+PE = 3/5*(G*M^2/R);    // Self potential energy of the sun, J

+// As KE = 1/3*(M/m_p)*m_p*v^2, solving for v

+v = sqrt(2*PE/M);    // Velocity of a proton inside the sun, m/s

+// From kinetic theory of gases, v = sqrt(3*k*T/m), solving for T

+T = m*v^2/(3*k);    // The mean temperature of the sun, K

+printf("\nThe mean temperature of the sun = %1.0e K", T);

+

+// Result

+// The mean temperature of the sun = 9e+006 K 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/2795/CH16/EX16.5/Ex16_05.sce b/2795/CH16/EX16.5/Ex16_05.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..820e917fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2795/CH16/EX16.5/Ex16_05.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Scilab Code Ex16.5: Page-590(2014)

+clc; clear;

+M_sun = 1.99e+030;    // Mass of the sun, kg

+m_n = 1.675e-027;    // Rest mass of the neutron, kg

+h = 6.62e-034;    // Planck's constant, Js

+h_bar = h/(2*%pi);    // Planck's constant, Js

+G = 6.67e-011;    // Universal gravitational constant, N-Sq.m/kg^2

+N = 2*M_sun/m_n;    // Number of neutrons in the neutron star

+V = (6.5*h_bar^2/(N^(1/3)*m_n^3*G))^3;    // Volume of the neutron star, metre cube

+R = (3/(4*%pi)*V)^(1/3);    // The radius of neutron star, m

+printf("\nThe radius of the neutron star of 2 solar masses = %d km", ceil(R/1e+003));

+

+// Result

+// The radius of the neutron star of 2 solar masses = 11 km 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/2795/CH16/EX16.6/Ex16_06.jpg b/2795/CH16/EX16.6/Ex16_06.jpg
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ca48364ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2795/CH16/EX16.6/Ex16_06.jpg
diff --git a/2795/CH16/EX16.6/Ex16_06.sce b/2795/CH16/EX16.6/Ex16_06.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9c8e437c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2795/CH16/EX16.6/Ex16_06.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Scilab Code Ex16.6: Page-598(2014)

+clc; clear;

+c = 1;    // Assume speed of light to be unity

+clf();

+v = [0:0.01:0.92]';

+bita = v/c;        // Recession velocity ratio

+for i = 1:1:93     

+    red_shift(i) = sqrt((1+bita(i))/(1-bita(i)))-1;

+end

+plot(bita, red_shift);

+title('The relation between Redshift and recession velocity', 'fontsize', 4, 'color','red', 'position', [0.02, 4.1]);

+xlabel('Recession velocity (beta = v/c)', 'fontsize', 3, 'color', 'green');

+ylabel('Redshift', 'fontsize', 3, 'color', 'green');

+

+// Result

+// The plot between Redshift vs recession velocity is as shown in the Fig.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/2795/CH16/EX16.7/Ex16_07.sce b/2795/CH16/EX16.7/Ex16_07.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0332a4f0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2795/CH16/EX16.7/Ex16_07.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// Scilab Code Ex16.7: Page-598(2014)

+clc; clear;

+c = 1;    // For simplicity assume speed of light to be unity, m/s

+d = 1.6e+005;    // Distance of the supernova 1987A from the earth, ly

+m = 16;    // Mass of heavier neutrino, eV/c^2;

+E = 20e+006;    // Energy of the neutrino, eV

+delta_t = d/(2*c)*(m/E)^2;    // Difference between the travel times of the lighter and the massive neutrinos, y

+printf("\nThe difference between the travel times of the lighter and the massive neutrinos = %3.1f s", delta_t*(365.25*24*60*60));

+

+// Result

+// The difference between the travel times of the lighter and the massive neutrinos = 1.6 s 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/2795/CH16/EX16.8/Ex16_08.sce b/2795/CH16/EX16.8/Ex16_08.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ae1b11700
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2795/CH16/EX16.8/Ex16_08.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Scilab Code Ex16.8: Page-602(2014)

+clc; clear;

+c = 3.00e+008;    // Speed of light, m/s

+H = 22;    // Hubble constant, km/s per million ly

+G = 6.67e-011;    // Universal gravitational constant, N-Sq.m/kg^2

+rho_c = 3/(8*%pi)*H^2/G*1e+003/(c*365.25*24*60*60*1e+006)^2;    // The critical density of the universe, g/cc

+printf("\nThe critical density of the universe = %3.1e g/cc", rho_c);

+

+// Result

+//The critical density of the universe = 9.7e-030 g/cc 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/2795/CH16/EX16.9/Ex16_09.sce b/2795/CH16/EX16.9/Ex16_09.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c9209ff5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2795/CH16/EX16.9/Ex16_09.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// Scilab Code Ex16.9: Page-604(2014)

+clc; clear;

+H0 = 71;    // Hubble cinstant, km/s per Mpc

+tau = 1/H0*1e+006*3.26*9.46e+012/3.16e+007;    // The upper limit of the age of the universe, y

+printf("\nThe upper limit of the age of the universe = %4.2e y", tau);

+

+// Result

+// The upper limit of the age of the universe = 1.37e+010 y 
\ No newline at end of file