initial commit / add all books

24 files changed, 1283 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/275/CH8/EX8.8.10/Ch8_8_10.sce b/275/CH8/EX8.8.10/Ch8_8_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..60a996532
--- /dev/null
+++ b/275/CH8/EX8.8.10/Ch8_8_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+clc

+clear

+disp("Example 8.10")

+printf("\n")

+disp("convert the following decimal to binary numbers")

+disp("a)47.8125 b)100.0001 c)29.3749")

+//given decimal number

+i=1;x=1

+dec=47.8125

+//separating integer part

+IP=floor(dec)

+IP1=IP 

+//separating decimal part 

+DP=modulo(dec,1)

+//storing each integer digit in I(i)

+while(IP>0) 

+    I(i)=(modulo(floor(IP),2))

+    IP=floor(IP)/2

+    i=i+1

+end

+if(IP1>0)

+IP=0

+for j=1:length(I)

+//multipliying bits of integer part with their position values and adding 

+    IP=IP+(I(j)*10^(j-1));

+  end

+else

+  IP=0

+end

+

+//storing each decimal digit in D(x)

+while(x<=4)

+    DP=DP*2

+    D(x)=floor(DP)

+    x=x+1

+    DP=modulo(DP,1)

+end 

+

+DP=0         

+for j=1:length(D)

+//multipliying bits of decimal part with their position values and adding 

+    DP=DP+(10^(-1*j)*D(j))

+end

+Binary=IP+DP;

+printf("Binary format is")

+disp(Binary)

diff --git a/275/CH8/EX8.8.12/Ch8_8_12.sce b/275/CH8/EX8.8.12/Ch8_8_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9f104d1d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/275/CH8/EX8.8.12/Ch8_8_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+clc

+clear

+disp("Example 8.12")

+printf("\n")

+disp("convert the following octal to decimal")

+disp("a)243 b)124.21 c)0.65")

+//Given octal number

+i=1;w=1

+oct=243

+//separating integer part 

+IP=floor(oct)

+IP1=IP

+//separating decimal part

+DP=modulo(oct,1) 

+DP1=DP

+//converting decimal value to interger

+p=2

+DP=DP*10^p //should change power of 10 as according to number of digits in decimal digit

+//storing each integer digit in I(i)

+while(IP>0)

+    I(i)=modulo(IP,10);

+    IP=floor(IP/10);

+    i=i+1;

+  end

+//storing each decimal digit in D(w)

+while(DP>0)

+    D(w)=modulo(DP,10)

+    DP=(DP/10)

+    DP=floor(DP)

+    w=w+1;

+  end

+//to do zero padding of remaining erm of D(w)

+if(DP1<1)

+    if(DP1>0)

+if(length(D)<p)

+    q=length(D)

+  for f=q+1 :p

+    D(f)=0

+    end

+  end

+end

+end

+

+if(IP1>0)

+for i=1:length(I)//checking whether it is a octal number or not

+    if(I(i)>8) then

+        disp('not a octal number')

+        abort

+    end

+  end

+end

+if(IP1>0)

+IP=0

+for i=1:length(I)

+//multipliying bits of integer part with their position values and adding 

+    IP=IP+(I(i)*8^(i-1))

+  end

+end

+

+if(DP1<1)

+  if(DP1>0)

+DP=0

+for z=1:length(D)

+  //multipliying bits of decimal part with their position values and adding

+  if(D(z)<8) 

+    DP=DP+(D(z)*8^(-1*(length(D)+1-z)))

+  else

+    IP=0

+    DP=0

+    printf("not a octal number")

+    abort

+  end

+end

+end

+

+decimal=IP+DP

+//displaying the output

+printf("Decimal format")

+disp(decimal)

diff --git a/275/CH8/EX8.8.13/Ch8_8_13.sce b/275/CH8/EX8.8.13/Ch8_8_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0c2c8e947
--- /dev/null
+++ b/275/CH8/EX8.8.13/Ch8_8_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+clc

+clear

+disp("Example 8.13")

+printf("\n")

+disp("convert the following decimael numbers to Octal")

+disp("a)283 b)847.951 c)0.728")

+//given decimal number

+i=1;x=1

+dec=283

+//separating integer part

+IP=floor(dec)

+IP1=IP 

+//separating decimal part 

+DP=modulo(dec,1)

+//storing each integer digit in I(i)

+while(IP>0) 

+    I(i)=(modulo(floor(IP),8))

+    IP=floor(IP)/8

+    i=i+1

+end

+if(IP1>0)

+IP=0

+for j=1:length(I)

+//multipliying bits of integer part with their position values and adding 

+    IP=IP+(I(j)*10^(j-1));

+  end

+else

+  IP=0

+end

+

+//storing each decimal digit in D(x)

+if(DP<1)

+  if(DP>0)

+while(x<=4)

+    DP=DP*8

+    D(x)=floor(DP)

+    x=x+1

+    DP=modulo(DP,1)

+end 

+

+DP=0         

+for j=1:length(D)

+//multipliying bits of decimal part with their position values and adding 

+    DP=DP+(10^(-1*j)*D(j))

+  end

+end 

+end

+octal=IP+DP

+printf("Octal format")

+disp(octal)

diff --git a/275/CH8/EX8.8.14/Ch8_8_14.sce b/275/CH8/EX8.8.14/Ch8_8_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f2282224a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/275/CH8/EX8.8.14/Ch8_8_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+clc

+clear

+disp("Example 8.14")

+printf("\n")

+disp("convert the following binary number to Octal")

+disp("a)101111 b)1010101 c)1110.01101")

+i=1;x=1;w=1

+//convert binary to decimal

+bin=101111

+//separating integer part 

+IP=floor(bin)

+IP1=IP

+//separating decimal part

+DP=modulo(bin,1) 

+DP1=DP

+//converting decimal value to interger

+p=5

+DP=DP*10^p //should change power of 10 as according to number of digits in decimal digit

+//storing each integer digit in I(i)

+while(IP>0)

+    I(i)=modulo(IP,10);

+    IP=floor(IP/10);

+    i=i+1;

+  end

+//storing each decimal digit in D(w)

+while(DP>0)

+    D(w)=modulo(DP,2)

+    DP=(DP/10)

+    DP=floor(DP)

+    w=w+1;

+  end

+  //to do zero padding of remaining erm of D(w)

+  if(DP1>0)

+    if(DP1<1)

+if(length(D)<p)

+    q=length(D)

+  for f=q+1 :p

+    D(f)=0

+    end

+  end

+end

+end

+if(IP1>0)

+for i=1:length(I)//checking whether it is a binary number or not

+    if(I(i)>1) then

+        disp('not a binary number')

+        abort

+    end

+  end

+end

+if(IP1>0)

+IP=0

+for i=1:length(I)

+//multipliying bits of integer part with their position values and adding 

+    IP=IP+(I(i)*2^(i-1))

+  end

+end

+if(DP1>0)

+  if(DP1<1)

+DP=0

+for z=1:length(D)

+//multipliying bits of decimal part with their position values and adding 

+    DP=DP+(D(z)*2^(-1*(length(D)+1-z)))

+  end

+  else

+  DP=0

+end

+else

+DP=0

+end

+decimal=IP+DP

+//displaying the output

+disp(decimal)

+

+

+

+//convert decimal to octal

+i=1;

+//separating integer part

+IP2=floor(decimal)

+IP3=IP2 

+//separating decimal part 

+DP2=modulo(decimal,1)

+//storing each integer digit in I(i)

+while(IP2>0) 

+    J(i)=(modulo(floor(IP2),8))

+    IP2=floor(IP2)/8

+    i=i+1

+end

+if(IP3>0)

+IP2=0

+for j=1:length(J)

+//multipliying bits of integer part with their position values and adding 

+    IP2=IP2+(J(j)*10^(j-1));

+  end

+else

+  IP2=0

+end

+

+//storing each decimal digit in D(x)

+if(DP2<1)

+  if(DP2>0)

+while(x<=4)

+    DP2=DP2*8

+    E(x)=floor(DP2)

+    x=x+1

+    DP2=modulo(DP2,1)

+end 

+

+DP2=0         

+for j=1:length(E)

+//multipliying bits of decimal part with their position values and adding 

+    DP2=DP2+(10^(-1*j)*E(j))

+  end

+end 

+end

+octal=IP2+DP2

+printf("Octal format")

+disp(octal)

diff --git a/275/CH8/EX8.8.15/Ch8_8_15.sce b/275/CH8/EX8.8.15/Ch8_8_15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fc411fdf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/275/CH8/EX8.8.15/Ch8_8_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+clc

+clear

+disp("Example 8.15")

+printf("\n")

+disp("convert the following octal to binary number")

+disp("a)724 b)365.217 c)0.506")

+//Given binary number

+i=1;w=1

+bin=724

+//separating integer part 

+IP=floor(bin)

+IP1=IP

+//separating decimal part

+DP=modulo(bin,1) 

+DP1=DP

+//converting decimal value to interger

+p=2

+DP=DP*10^p //should change power of 10 as according to number of digits in decimal digit

+//storing each integer digit in I(i)

+while(IP>0)

+    I(i)=modulo(IP,10);

+    IP=floor(IP/10);

+    i=i+1;

+  end

+//storing each decimal digit in D(w)

+while(DP>0)

+    D(w)=modulo(DP,10)

+    DP=(DP/10)

+    DP=floor(DP)

+    w=w+1;

+  end

+//to do zero padding of remaining erm of D(w)

+if(DP1<1)

+    if(DP1>0)

+if(length(D)<p)

+    q=length(D)

+  for f=q+1 :p

+    D(f)=0

+    end

+  end

+end

+end

+

+if(IP1>0)

+for i=1:length(I)//checking whether it is a octal number or not

+    if(I(i)>8) then

+        disp('not a octal number')

+        abort

+    end

+  end

+end

+if(IP1>0)

+IP=0

+for i=1:length(I)

+//multipliying bits of integer part with their position values and adding 

+    IP=IP+(I(i)*8^(i-1))

+  end

+end

+

+if(DP1<1)

+  if(DP1>0)

+DP=0

+for z=1:length(D)

+  //multipliying bits of decimal part with their position values and adding

+  if(D(z)<8) 

+    DP=DP+(D(z)*8^(-1*(length(D)+1-z)))

+  else

+    IP=0

+    DP=0

+    printf("not a octal number")

+    abort

+  end

+end

+end

+

+decimal=IP+DP

+//displaying the output

+disp(decimal)

+

+

+

+//decimal to Binary

+//given decimal number

+i=1;x=1

+//separating integer part

+IP2=floor(decimal)

+IP3=IP2

+//separating decimal part 

+DP2=modulo(decimal,1)

+//storing each integer digit in I(i)

+while(IP2>0) 

+    J(i)=(modulo(floor(IP2),2))

+    IP2=floor(IP2)/2

+    i=i+1

+end

+if(IP3>0)

+IP2=0

+for j=1:length(J)

+//multipliying bits of integer part with their position values and adding 

+    IP2=IP2+(J(j)*10^(j-1));

+  end

+else

+  IP2=0

+end

+

+//storing each decimal digit in D(x)

+while(x<=4)

+    DP2=DP2*2

+    E(x)=floor(DP)

+    x=x+1

+    DP2=modulo(DP2,1)

+end 

+

+DP2=0         

+for j=1:length(E)

+//multipliying bits of decimal part with their position values and adding 

+    DP2=DP2+(10^(-1*j)*E(j))

+end

+Binary=IP2+DP2;

+printf("Binary format")

+disp(Binary)

diff --git a/275/CH8/EX8.8.17/Ch8_8_17.sce b/275/CH8/EX8.8.17/Ch8_8_17.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a55db7156
--- /dev/null
+++ b/275/CH8/EX8.8.17/Ch8_8_17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+clc

+clear

+disp("Example 8.17")

+printf("\n")

+disp("convert the following hexadecimael numbers to decimal")

+disp("a)FACE b)31C c)CAD")

+//this progra, converts only integer part to decimal

+Hdec='FACE'

+dec=hex2dec(Hdec);

+printf("decimal=%d",dec)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/275/CH8/EX8.8.18/Ch8_8_18.sce b/275/CH8/EX8.8.18/Ch8_8_18.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..79b824143
--- /dev/null
+++ b/275/CH8/EX8.8.18/Ch8_8_18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+clc

+clear

+disp("Example 8.17")

+printf("\n")

+disp("convert the following decimael numbers to hexadecimal")

+disp("a)2146 b)843 c)2604")

+//this program, converts only integer part to hexadecimal

+dec=843

+Hdec=dec2hex(dec);

+printf("decimal=%s",Hdec)

diff --git a/275/CH8/EX8.8.19/Ch8_8_19.sce b/275/CH8/EX8.8.19/Ch8_8_19.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8ff17ea54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/275/CH8/EX8.8.19/Ch8_8_19.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+clc

+clear

+disp("Example 8.19")

+printf("\n")

+disp("convert the following binary numbers to hexadecimal")

+disp("a)101110 b)11010 c)1011101")

+//this program, converts only integer part to decimal

+bin='101110'

+dec=bin2dec(bin)

+Hdec=dec2hex(dec)

+printf("decimal=%s",Hdec)

diff --git a/275/CH8/EX8.8.21/Ch8_8_21.sce b/275/CH8/EX8.8.21/Ch8_8_21.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..53a3b7837
--- /dev/null
+++ b/275/CH8/EX8.8.21/Ch8_8_21.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+kclc

+clear

+disp("Example 8.21")

+printf("\n")

+disp("Add the following binary numbers")

+disp("a)11011 & 10110 b)1100 & 111 c)10.1011 & 11.011")

+//Given binary number

+i=1;w=1

+a=11011

+b=10110

+//Given binary number

+i=1;w=1

+bin=11.101

+//separating integer part 

+IPa=floor(a)

+IP1a=IPa

+//separating decimal part

+DPa=modulo(a,1) 

+DP1a=DPa

+//converting decimal value to interger

+p=4

+DPa=DPa*10^p //should change power of 10 as according to number of digits in decimal digit

+

+//storing each integer digit in I(i)

+while(IPa>0)

+    Ia(i)=modulo(IPa,10);

+    IPa=floor(IPa/10);

+    i=i+1;

+  end

+//storing each decimal digit in D(w)

+while(DPa>0)

+    Da(w)=modulo(DPa,2)

+    DPa=(DPa/10)

+    DPa=floor(DPa)

+    w=w+1;

+  end

+  //to do zero padding of remaining erm of D(w)

+  if(DP1a<1)

+    if(DP1a>0)

+if(length(Da)<p)

+    q=length(Da)

+  for f=q+1 :p

+    Da(f)=0

+    end

+  end

+end

+end

+

+if(IP1a>0)

+for i=1:length(Ia)//checking whether it is a binary number or not

+    if(Ia(i)>1) then

+        disp('not a binary number')

+        abort

+    end

+  end

+end

+if(IP1a>0)

+IPa=0

+for i=1:length(Ia)

+//multipliying bits of integer part with their position values and adding 

+    IPa=IPa+(Ia(i)*2^(i-1))

+  end

+  end

+  DPa=0

+  if(DP1a>0)

+    if(DP1a<1)

+for z=1:length(Da)

+//multipliying bits of decimal part with their position values and adding 

+    DPa=DPa+(Da(z)*2^(-1*(length(Da)+1-z)))

+  end

+end

+end

+decimala=IPa+DPa

+//displaying the output

+disp(decimala)

+

+//for b

+//Given binary number

+i=1;w=1

+//separating integer part 

+IPb=floor(b)

+IP1b=IPb

+//separating decimal part

+DPb=modulo(b,1) 

+DP1b=DPb

+//converting decimal value to interger

+p=3

+DPb=DPb*10^p //should change power of 10 as according to number of digits in decimal digit

+

+//storing each integer digit in I(i)

+while(IPb>0)

+    Ib(i)=modulo(IPb,10);

+    IPb=floor(IPb/10);

+    i=i+1;

+  end

+//storing each decimal digit in D(w)

+while(DPb>0)

+    Db(w)=modulo(DPb,2)

+    DPb=(DPb/10)

+    DPb=floor(DPb)

+    w=w+1;

+  end

+  //to do zero padding of remaining erm of D(w)

+  if(DP1b>0)

+    if(DP1b<1)

+if(length(Db)<p)

+    q=length(Db)

+  for f=q+1 :p

+    Db(f)=0

+    end

+  end

+end

+end

+if(IP1b>0)

+for i=1:length(Ib)//checking whether it is a binary number or not

+    if(Ib(i)>1) then

+        disp('not a binary number')

+        abort

+    end

+  end

+end

+if(IP1b>0)

+IPb=0

+for i=1:length(Ib)

+//multipliying bits of integer part with their position values and adding 

+    IPb=IPb+(Ib(i)*2^(i-1))

+  end

+  end

+DPb=0

+if(DP1b>0)

+  if(DP1b<1)

+  for z=1:length(Db)

+//multipliying bits of decimal part with their position values and adding 

+    DPb=DPb+(Db(z)*2^(-1*(length(Db)+1-z)))

+  end

+end

+end

+decimalb=IPb+DPb

+//displaying the output

+disp(decimalb)

+

+sum1=decimala+decimalb

+i=1;x=1

+

+//separating integer part

+IP=floor(sum1)

+IP1=IP 

+//separating decimal part 

+DP=modulo(sum1,1)

+//storing each integer digit in I(i)

+while(IP>0) 

+    I(i)=(modulo(floor(IP),2))

+    IP=floor(IP)/2

+    i=i+1

+end

+if(IP1>0)

+IP=0

+for j=1:length(I)

+//multipliying bits of integer part with their position values and adding 

+    IP=IP+(I(j)*10^(j-1));

+  end

+else

+  IP=0

+end

+

+//storing each decimal digit in D(x)

+while(x<=4)

+    DP=DP*2

+    D(x)=floor(DP)

+    x=x+1

+    DP=modulo(DP,1)

+end 

+

+DP=0         

+for j=1:length(D)

+//multipliying bits of decimal part with their position values and adding 

+    DP=DP+(10^(-1*j)*D(j))

+end

+Binary=IP+DP;

+printf("Sum")

+disp(Binary)

+

diff --git a/275/CH8/EX8.8.23/Ch8_8_23.sce b/275/CH8/EX8.8.23/Ch8_8_23.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..83f61d32c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/275/CH8/EX8.8.23/Ch8_8_23.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+clc

+clear

+disp("Example 8.23")

+printf("\n")

+disp("Add the following octal numbers")

+disp("a)46 & 375 b)27.34 & 11.76")

+//Given octal number

+i=1;w=1

+a=46

+b=375

+//separating integer part 

+IPa=floor(a)

+IP1a=IPa

+//separating decimal part

+DPa=modulo(a,1) 

+DP1a=DPa

+//converting decimal value to interger

+p=2

+DPa=DPa*10^p //should change power of 10 as according to number of digits in decimal digit

+//storing each integer digit in I(i)

+while(IPa>0)

+    Ia(i)=modulo(IPa,10);

+    IPa=floor(IPa/10);

+    i=i+1;

+  end

+//storing each decimal digit in D(w)

+while(DPa>0)

+    Da(w)=modulo(DPa,10)

+    DPa=(DPa/10)

+    DPa=floor(DPa)

+    w=w+1;

+  end

+//to do zero padding of remaining erm of D(w)

+if(DP1a<1)

+    if(DP1a>0)

+if(length(Da)<p)

+    q=length(Da)

+  for f=q+1 :p

+    Da(f)=0

+    end

+  end

+end

+end

+

+if(IP1a>0)

+for i=1:length(Ia)//checking whether it is a octal number or not

+    if(Ia(i)>8) then

+        disp('not a octal number')

+        abort

+    end

+  end

+end

+if(IP1a>0)

+IPa=0

+for i=1:length(Ia)

+//multipliying bits of integer part with their position values and adding 

+    IPa=IPa+(Ia(i)*8^(i-1))

+  end

+end

+

+if(DP1a<1)

+  if(DP1a>0)

+DPa=0

+for z=1:length(Da)

+  //multipliying bits of decimal part with their position values and adding

+  if(Da(z)<8) 

+    DPa=DPa+(Da(z)*8^(-1*(length(Da)+1-z)))

+  else

+    IPa=0

+    DPa=0

+    printf("not a octal number")

+    abort

+  end

+end

+end

+

+decimala=IPa+DPa

+//displaying the output

+disp(decimala)

+

+//for b

+//Given octal number

+i=1;w=1

+//separating integer part 

+IPb=floor(b)

+IP1b=IPb

+//separating decimal part

+DPb=modulo(b,1) 

+DP1b=DPb

+//converting decimal value to interger

+p=2

+DPb=DPb*10^p //should change power of 10 as according to number of digits in decimal digit

+//storing each integer digit in I(i)

+while(IPb>0)

+    Ib(i)=modulo(IPb,10);

+    IPb=floor(IPb/10);

+    i=i+1;

+  end

+//storing each decimal digit in D(w)

+while(DPb>0)

+    Db(w)=modulo(DPb,10)

+    DPb=(DPb/10)

+    DPb=floor(DPb)

+    w=w+1;

+  end

+//to do zero padding of remaining erm of D(w)

+if(DP1b<1)

+    if(DP1b>0)

+if(length(Db)<p)

+    q=length(Db)

+  for f=q+1 :p

+    Db(f)=0

+    end

+  end

+end

+end

+

+if(IP1b>0)

+for i=1:length(Ib)//checking whether it is a octal number or not

+    if(Ib(i)>8) then

+        disp('not a octal number')

+        abort

+    end

+  end

+end

+if(IP1b>0)

+IPb=0

+for i=1:length(Ib)

+//multipliying bits of integer part with their position values and adding 

+    IPb=IPb+(Ib(i)*8^(i-1))

+  end

+end

+

+if(DP1b<1)

+  if(DP1b>0)

+DPb=0

+for z=1:length(Db)

+  //multipliying bits of decimal part with their position values and adding

+  if(Db(z)<8) 

+    DPb=DPb+(Db(z)*8^(-1*(length(Db)+1-z)))

+  else

+    IPb=0

+    DPb=0

+    printf("not a octal number")

+    abort

+  end

+end

+end

+

+decimalb=IPb+DPb

+//displaying the output

+disp(decimalb)

+

+sum1=decimala+decimalb

+i=1;x=1

+//separating integer part

+IP=floor(sum1)

+IP1=IP 

+//separating decimal part 

+DP=modulo(sum1,1)

+//storing each integer digit in I(i)

+while(IP>0) 

+    I(i)=(modulo(floor(IP),8))

+    IP=floor(IP)/8

+    i=i+1

+end

+if(IP1>0)

+IP=0

+for j=1:length(I)

+//multipliying bits of integer part with their position values and adding 

+    IP=IP+(I(j)*10^(j-1));

+  end

+else

+  IP=0

+end

+

+//storing each decimal digit in D(x)

+if(DP<1)

+  if(DP>0)

+while(x<=4)

+    DP=DP*8

+    D(x)=floor(DP)

+    x=x+1

+    DP=modulo(DP,1)

+end 

+

+DP=0         

+for j=1:length(D)

+//multipliying bits of decimal part with their position values and adding 

+    DP=DP+(10^(-1*j)*D(j))

+  end

+end 

+end

+octal=IP+DP

+printf("Sum")

+disp(octal)

diff --git a/275/CH8/EX8.8.25/Ch8_8_25.sce b/275/CH8/EX8.8.25/Ch8_8_25.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8f9a6edb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/275/CH8/EX8.8.25/Ch8_8_25.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+clc

+clear

+disp("Example 8.25")

+printf("\n")

+disp("Add the following hexadecimal numbers")

+disp("a)ABC & ABCDE b) DEF & 12EF")

+//this program add only integer part

+a='ABC'

+b='ABCDE'

+a1=hex2dec(a)

+a2=hex2dec(b)

+sum1=a1+a2

+sumhex=dec2hex(sum1)

+printf("%s",sumhex)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/275/CH8/EX8.8.30a/Ch8_8_30a.sce b/275/CH8/EX8.8.30a/Ch8_8_30a.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7c0c1dbb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/275/CH8/EX8.8.30a/Ch8_8_30a.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+clc

+clear

+disp("Example 8.30a")

+printf("\n")

+disp("perform the following decimal subtraction using 9s complements")

+disp("a)49-24    b)321-578")

+//given numbers

+a=49

+b=-24

+//should set to 99 if input is 2 digit number,999 if 3digit number

+c=99

+//add c with 2nd operand

+e=c+b

+N=a+e

+if(N>100)

+    if(N<199)

+    M=N-100

+    M=M+1

+    N=M

+end

+end

+if(N>1000)

+    if(N<1999)

+    M=N-1000

+    M=M+1

+    N=M

+end

+end

+    M=N

+if(-b>a)

+    M=-(999-M)

+end

+printf("result=%d",M)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/275/CH8/EX8.8.30b/Ch8_8_30b.sce b/275/CH8/EX8.8.30b/Ch8_8_30b.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..73020d16a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/275/CH8/EX8.8.30b/Ch8_8_30b.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+clc

+clear

+disp("Example 8.30b")

+printf("\n")

+disp("perform the following decimal subtraction using 10s complements")

+disp("a)49-24    b)321-578")

+//given numbers

+a=49

+b=-24

+//should set to 100 if input is 2 digit number,1000 if 3digit number

+c=1000

+//add c with 2nd operand

+e=c+b

+N=a+e

+if(N>100)

+    if(N<199)

+    M=N-100

+    N=M

+end

+end

+if(N>1000)

+    if(N<1999)

+    M=N-1000

+    N=M

+end

+end

+    M=N

+if(-b>a)

+    M=-(999-M+1)

+end

+printf("result=%d",M)

diff --git a/275/CH8/EX8.8.31a/Ch8_8_31a.sce b/275/CH8/EX8.8.31a/Ch8_8_31a.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bc5abac67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/275/CH8/EX8.8.31a/Ch8_8_31a.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+clc

+clear

+disp("Example 8.31a")

+printf("\n")

+disp("perform the following binary substraction using 1s complement")

+disp("a)1010-0111 b)0110-1101")

+a=[1 0 1 0]

+b=~[0 1 1 1]

+d=0

+for i=1:length(a)

+    c(i)=a(length(a)+1-i)+b(length(a)+1-i)+d

+    if(c(i)==1)

+        d=0

+    end

+    if[c(i)==2]

+        d=1

+        c(i)=0

+        end

+end

+f=1

+if(d==1)

+    for i=1:length(a)

+        g(i)=c(i)+f

+        if(g(i)==1)

+            f=0

+            end

+        if(g(i)==2)

+            f=1

+            g(i)=0

+        end

+        

+    end

+    for i=1:length(a)

+    c(i)=g(i)

+    end

+end

+if(d==0)

+    for i=1:length(a)

+    c(i)=~c(i)

+    end

+end

+printf("result =%d%d%d%d",c(4),c(3),c(2),c(1))

+

diff --git a/275/CH8/EX8.8.31b/Ch8_8_31b.sce b/275/CH8/EX8.8.31b/Ch8_8_31b.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4cc46ef35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/275/CH8/EX8.8.31b/Ch8_8_31b.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+clc

+clear

+disp("Example 8.31b")

+printf("\n")

+disp("perform the following binary substraction using 2s complement")

+disp("a)1010-0111 b)0110-1101")

+a=[1 0 1 0]

+b=~[0 1 1 1]

+d=0

+h=1

+for i=1:length(b)

+        n(i)=b(length(b)+1-i)+h

+        if(n(i)==1)

+            h=0

+            end

+        if(n(i)==2)

+            h=1

+            n(i)=0

+        end

+        

+    end

+    for i=1:length(a)

+    b(i)=n(i)

+    end

+

+

+for i=1:length(a)

+    c(i)=a(length(a)+1-i)+b(length(a)+1-i)+d

+    if(c(i)==1)

+        d=0

+    end

+    if[c(i)==2]

+        d=1

+        c(i)=0

+        end

+end

+

+

+if(d==0)

+    for i=1:length(a)

+    c(i)=~c(i)

+end

+j=1

+for i=1:length(b)

+        m(i)=c(i)+j

+        if(m(i)==1)

+            f=0

+            end

+        if(m(i)==2)

+            j=1

+            m(i)=0

+        end

+        

+    end

+    for i=1:length(a)

+    c(i)=m(i)

+    end

+end

+for i=1:length(a)

+    C(i)=c(i)

+end

+printf("result =%d%d%d%d",c(4),c(3),c(2),c(1))
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/275/CH8/EX8.8.48a/Ch8_8_48a.sce b/275/CH8/EX8.8.48a/Ch8_8_48a.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a77924ce1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/275/CH8/EX8.8.48a/Ch8_8_48a.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+clc

+clear

+disp("Example 8.48a")

+printf("\n")

+disp("Prove the following boolean thereom")

+disp("A+AB=A")

+disp("A=a,B=b,AB=s,A+AB=d")

+a=[0 0 1 1]

+b=[0 1 0 1]

+for i=1:length(a)

+    s(i)=a(i)*b(i)

+end

+for i=1:length(a)

+    d(i)=s(i)+a(i)

+    if(d(i)==2)

+        d(i)=1

+    end

+    

+end

+

+for i=1:length(a)

+    if(a(i)==d(i))

+        printf("")

+    else

+        printf("not")

+        abort

+    end

+    

+end

+printf("yes")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/275/CH8/EX8.8.48b/Ch8_8_48b.sce b/275/CH8/EX8.8.48b/Ch8_8_48b.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..11a01cf43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/275/CH8/EX8.8.48b/Ch8_8_48b.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+clc

+clear

+disp("Example 8.48b")

+printf("\n")

+disp("Prove the following boolean thereom")

+disp("A+AB=A")

+disp("A=a,B=b,A1B=s,A+A1B=d")

+a=[0 0 1 1]

+b=[0 1 0 1]

+for i=1:length(a)

+    s(i)=(~a(i))*b(i)

+end

+for i=1:length(a)

+    d(i)=s(i)+a(i)

+    if(d(i)==2)

+        d(i)=1

+    end

+    

+end

+

+for i=1:length(a)

+    e(i)=a(i)+b(i)

+    if(e(i)==2)

+        e(i)=1

+        end

+end

+

+for i=1:length(a)

+    if((e(i)==d(i)))

+        printf("_")

+    else

+        printf("not")

+        abort

+    end

+    

+end

+printf("yes")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/275/CH8/EX8.8.49a/Ch8_8_49a.sce b/275/CH8/EX8.8.49a/Ch8_8_49a.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..95fe639c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/275/CH8/EX8.8.49a/Ch8_8_49a.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+clc

+clear

+disp("Example 8.49a")

+printf("\n")

+disp("Prove the following boolean identities")

+disp("A+BC=(A+B)(A+C)")

+A=[0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1]

+B=[0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1]

+C=[0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1]

+for i=1:length(A)

+  Y(i)=A(i)+(B(i)*C(i))

+  if(Y(i)==2)

+    Y(i)=1

+  end

+end

+for i=1:length(A)

+  Z(i)=(A(i)+B(i))*(A(i)+C(i))

+  if(Z(i)==2)

+    Z(i)=1

+  end

+  if(Z(i)==3)

+    Z(i)=1

+  end

+  if(Z(i)==4)

+    Z(i)=1

+  end

+end

+for i=1:length(A)

+  if(Z(i)==Y(i))

+    printf("_")

+  else

+    printf("NOT")

+    abort

+  end

+end

+

+  printf("proved")

+  

+  
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/275/CH8/EX8.8.49b/Ch8_8_49b.sce b/275/CH8/EX8.8.49b/Ch8_8_49b.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3efa08162
--- /dev/null
+++ b/275/CH8/EX8.8.49b/Ch8_8_49b.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+clc

+clear

+disp("Example 8.49b")

+printf("\n")

+disp("Prove the following boolean identities")

+disp("ABC+AB1C+ABC1=AB+AC")

+A=[0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1]

+B=[0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1]

+C=[0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1]

+for i=1:length(A)

+  Y(i)=(A(i)*B(i)*C(i))+(A(i)*(~B(i))*C(i))+(A(i)*B(i)*(~C(i)))

+  if(Y(i)==3)

+    Y(i)=1

+  end

+  if(Y(i)==2)

+    Y(i)=1

+  end

+end

+for i=1:length(A)

+  Z(i)=(A(i)*B(i))+(A(i)*C(i))

+  if(Z(i)==2)

+    Z(i)=1

+  end

+end

+for i=1:length(A)

+  if(Z(i)==Y(i))

+    printf("_")

+  else

+    printf("NOT")

+    abort

+  end

+end

+ printf("proved")

diff --git a/275/CH8/EX8.8.50a/Ch8_8_50a.sce b/275/CH8/EX8.8.50a/Ch8_8_50a.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f09a387fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/275/CH8/EX8.8.50a/Ch8_8_50a.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+clc

+clear

+disp("Example 8.50a")

+printf("\n")

+disp("Construct the Truth Table for logic expression")

+disp("AB1+C1")

+A=[0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1]

+B=[0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1]

+C=[0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1]

+for i=1:length(A)

+  f(i)=(A(i)*(~(B(i))))+(~C(i))

+  if(f(i)==2)

+    f(i)=1

+  end

+end

+printf("truth table =%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d",f(1),f(2),f(3),f(4),f(5),f(6),f(7),f(8))
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/275/CH8/EX8.8.50b/Ch8_8_50b.sce b/275/CH8/EX8.8.50b/Ch8_8_50b.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e026d3dc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/275/CH8/EX8.8.50b/Ch8_8_50b.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+clc

+clear

+disp("Example 8.50b")

+printf("\n")

+disp("Construct the Truth Table for logic expression")

+disp("AB1+A1B")

+A=[0 0 1 1]

+B=[0 1 0 1]

+for i=1:length(A)

+  f(i)=(A(i)*(~(B(i))))+(B(i)*(~(A(i))))

+  if(f(i)==2)

+    f(i)=1

+  end

+end

+printf("truth table =%d%d%d%d",f(1),f(2),f(3),f(4))
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/275/CH8/EX8.8.50c/Ch8_8_50c.sce b/275/CH8/EX8.8.50c/Ch8_8_50c.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7f1f8efac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/275/CH8/EX8.8.50c/Ch8_8_50c.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+clc

+clear

+disp("Example 8.50c")

+printf("\n")

+disp("Construct the Truth Table for logic expression")

+disp("C1((B+D)1)")

+B=[0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1]

+C=[0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1]

+D=[0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1]

+for i=1:length(B)

+  f(i)=(~(C(i)))*(~(B(i)+D(i)))

+  if (f(i)==2)

+    f(i)=1

+  end

+end

+printf("truth table =%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d",f(1),f(2),f(3),f(4),f(5),f(6),f(7),f(8))
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/275/CH8/EX8.8.7/Ch8_8_7.sce b/275/CH8/EX8.8.7/Ch8_8_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a9f2a9813
--- /dev/null
+++ b/275/CH8/EX8.8.7/Ch8_8_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+clc

+disp("Example 8.7")

+printf("\n")

+disp("convert the following binary numbers to decimal")

+disp("a)1011 b)110101 c)10101")

+//Given binary number 

+bin=1011

+i=1 

+//storing each integer digit in b(i)

+while(bin>0)

+    b(i)=modulo(bin,10)

+    bin=floor(bin/10)

+    i=i+1;

+end

+//checking whether it is a binary number or not

+for i=1:length(b)

+    if(b(i)>1) then

+        disp('not a binary number')

+        abort 

+    end

+  end

+dec=0

+for i=1:length(b)

+//multipliying bits of integer part with their position values and adding 

+    dec=dec+(b(i)*2^(i-1))

+end

+//displaying the output

+printf("decimal format is")

+disp(dec)

diff --git a/275/CH8/EX8.8.8/Ch8_8_8.sce b/275/CH8/EX8.8.8/Ch8_8_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d8bfda1a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/275/CH8/EX8.8.8/Ch8_8_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+clc

+clear

+disp("Example 8.8")

+printf("\n")

+disp("convert the following binary numbers to decimal")

+disp("a)11.101 b)0.0111 c)110.1101")

+//Given binary number

+i=1;w=1

+bin=11.101

+//separating integer part 

+IP=floor(bin)

+IP1=IP

+//separating decimal part

+DP=modulo(bin,1) 

+//converting decimal value to interger

+p=4

+DP=DP*10^p //should change power of 10 as according to number of digits in decimal digit

+//storing each integer digit in I(i)

+while(IP>0)

+    I(i)=modulo(IP,10);

+    IP=floor(IP/10);

+    i=i+1;

+  end

+//storing each decimal digit in D(w)

+while(DP>0)

+    D(w)=modulo(DP,2)

+    DP=(DP/10)

+    DP=floor(DP)

+    w=w+1;

+  end

+//to do zero padding of remaining erm of D(w)

+if(length(D)<p)

+    q=length(D)

+  for f=q+1 :p

+    D(f)=0

+    end

+end

+if(IP1>0)

+for i=1:length(I)//checking whether it is a binary number or not

+    if(I(i)>1) then

+        disp('not a binary number')

+        abort

+    end

+  end

+end

+if(IP1>0)

+IP=0

+for i=1:length(I)

+//multipliying bits of integer part with their position values and adding 

+    IP=IP+(I(i)*2^(i-1))

+  end

+  end

+DP=0

+for z=1:length(D)

+//multipliying bits of decimal part with their position values and adding 

+    DP=DP+(D(z)*2^(-1*(length(D)+1-z)))

+end

+decimal=IP+DP

+//displaying the output

+printf("Decimal format is")

+disp(decimal)