initial commit / add all books

15 files changed, 289 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/2561/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce b/2561/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..83ff5a99c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2561/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+//Ex8_1

+clc

+Amin=8000

+disp("Amin="+string(Amin)) // Minimum gain of OP-AMP

+Amax=64000

+disp("Amax="+string(Amax)) // Maximum gain 

+disp("part (i)")

+delta_Af=0.01

+disp("delta_Af="+string(delta_Af)) // Change in overall feedBack gain 

+delta_A=(Amax-Amin)/Amin

+disp("delta_A= (Amax-Amin)/Amin = "+string(delta_A)) // Change in open loop gain 

+Sg = delta_Af/delta_A

+B = (1/Sg - 1)/Amax

+disp("Sg = delta_Af/delta_A = "+string(Sg))//desensitivity factor

+disp(" B = (1/Sg - 1)/Amax = "+string(B))//feedBack factor

+ disp(" part (ii)")

+Af_min = Amin/(1+B*Amin)//minimum change in overall feedBack gain 

+Af_max = Amax/(1+B*Amax)///maximum change in overall feedBack gain 

+disp("Af_min = Amin/(1+B*Amin) = "+string(Af_min))

+disp("Af_max = Amax/(1+B*Amax) = "+string(Af_max))

+disp("variation in Af = "+string(Af_max/Af_min))//variation in Af with feedBack factor 'B'

+

+

+// for above problem author has divided question in two parts but during solution has written 3 parts. 

+// part (i) and part (ii) combinedly equivlent to part (i) 

+// part (iii) is equivalent to part (ii)

diff --git a/2561/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce b/2561/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1425a94fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2561/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Ex8_10

+clc

+fo=150

+disp("fo= "+string(fo)+" Hz")//Central frequency of band pass filter

+BW=15

+disp("BW= "+string(BW)+" Hz")// Upper cut-off frequency or 3-dB bandwidth

+Q=fo/BW // Quality factor

+disp("Q= "+string(Q))

+C=0.05*10^(-6) // Choosing value of capacitor same as in book

+disp("C="+string(C)+"farad")

+R=sqrt(2)/(2*%pi*fo*C)

+disp("R=sqrt(2)/(2*%pi*fo*C)="+string(R)+ " ohm")  // resistance value for filter design

+Am=5-(sqrt(2)/Q) // formulae

+disp("Am=5-(sqrt(2)/Q)="+string(Am)) // Midband gain 

+Abp=Am/(5-Am)

+disp("Abp=Am/(5-Am)="+string(Abp)) // Central frequency  gain 

diff --git a/2561/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.sce b/2561/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..283011454
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2561/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//Ex8_11

+clc

+R=10*10^(3)

+disp("R= "+string(R)+ " ohm")  // resistance

+R1=10*10^(3)

+disp("R1= "+string(R1)+ " ohm")  // resistance

+C=0.01*10^(-6) //  value of capacitor

+disp("C="+string(C)+" farad")

+R1_ratio_K=2.5*10^(3)

+disp("R1_ratio_K= "+string(R1_ratio_K)+ " ohm")  // resistance

+R2=5*10^(3)

+disp("R= "+string(R)+ " ohm")  // resistance

+alpha_R2=250

+disp("alpha_R2= "+string(alpha_R2)+ " ohm")  // resistance

+alpha=alpha_R2/R2

+disp("alpha=alpha_R2/R2= "+string(alpha))  // Damping factor

+Q=1/alpha

+disp("Q= 1/alpha="+string(Q))// Quality factor

+omega_o=1/(R*C)

+disp("omega_o=1/(R*C)= "+string(omega_o)+" radian")// centre angular frequency

+BW=omega_o/Q

+disp("Bandwidth=omega_o/Q= "+string(BW)+" radian")// Upper cut-off frequency or 3-dB bandwidth

+K=R1/(R1_ratio_K)// Pass band gain for lPF and HPF of state variable filter

+disp("K=R1/(R1_ratio_K)= "+string(K))

+Gm=K/alpha// Pass band gain of state variable filter

+disp("center frequency gain for BPF, K/alpha=K*Q= "+string(Gm)) // Centre frequency gain for BP filter

+

diff --git a/2561/CH8/EX8.12/Ex8_12.sce b/2561/CH8/EX8.12/Ex8_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3ba9cd15f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2561/CH8/EX8.12/Ex8_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//Ex8_12

+clc

+IB=0.5*10^(-6)

+disp("IB = "+string(IB)+" ampere") //Input bias current 

+Iio=0.05*10^(-6)

+disp("Iio = "+string(Iio)+" ampere") //Input offset current  

+Vio=1*10^(-3)

+disp("Vio= "+string(Vio)+" volts") //Input offset voltage

+R1=10*10^(3)

+disp("R1= "+string(R1)+ " ohm")  // resistance

+RF=500*10^(3)

+disp("RF= "+string(RF)+ " ohm")  //Feedback resistance

+Vos1=Vio*(1+RF/R1)

+disp("Vos1=Vio*(1+RF/R1)="+string(Vos1)+" volts") //output offset voltage due to input offset voltage

+Vos2=IB*RF

+disp("Vos2=IB*RF="+string(Vos2)+" volts") //output offset voltage due to Input bias current 

+Vos=Vos1+Vos2

+disp("Vos=Vos1+Vos2="+string(Vos)+" volts") //total output offset voltage 

+R2=(R1*RF)/(R1+RF)

+disp("R2=(R1*RF)/(R1+RF)= "+string(R2)+ " ohm")  // resistance to balance IB effect 

+Vos2=Iio*RF

+disp("Vos2=Iio*RF="+string(Vos2)+" volts") // Reduced output offset voltage due to Input offset current  

+Vos=Vos1+Vos2

+disp("Vos=Vos1+Vos2="+string(Vos)+" volts") // output offset voltage with compensation 

+  

diff --git a/2561/CH8/EX8.13/Ex8_13.sce b/2561/CH8/EX8.13/Ex8_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8ff900786
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2561/CH8/EX8.13/Ex8_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//Ex8_13

+clc

+Iio=0.1*10^(-9)

+disp("Iio = "+string(Iio)+" ampere/degree _celsius") //Input offset current  

+Vio=10*10^(-6)

+disp("Vio= "+string(Vio)+" volt/degree _celsius") //Input offset voltage

+Vs=10*10^(-3)

+disp("Vs= "+string(Vs)+" volts") //Input voltage

+R1=10*10^(3)

+disp("R1= "+string(R1)+ " ohm")  // resistance

+RF=100*10^(3)

+disp("RF= "+string(RF)+ " ohm")  //Feedback resistance

+disp("part(i)")

+R2=(R1*RF)/(R1+RF)// R1 in parallel with RF

+disp("R2=(R1*RF)/(R1+RF)= "+string(R2)+ " ohm")  // resistance to balance IB i.e offset effect 

+disp("part(ii)")

+delta_T=75-25

+disp("delta_T=75-25 = "+string(delta_T)+" degree_celsius") //Temperature change

+delta_Vo=[(Vio*delta_T)*(1+RF/R1)]+(Iio*delta_T*RF)

+disp("delta_Vo=[(Vio*delta_T)*(1+RF/R1)]+(Iio*delta_T*RF)= "+string(delta_Vo)+" volts") //Output voltage drift

+disp("part(iii)")

+Vo=(-RF/R1)*Vs

+disp("Vo=(-RF/R1)*Vs= "+string(Vo)+" volts") //Inverting OP-AMP output voltage

+e=(delta_Vo/Vo)*100

+disp("Percentage error=(delta_Vo/Vo)*100 =(-)"+string(abs(e))+", (+)"+string(abs(e))+"  percent")//percentage error

diff --git a/2561/CH8/EX8.14/Ex8_14.sce b/2561/CH8/EX8.14/Ex8_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d1aeba646
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2561/CH8/EX8.14/Ex8_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+//Ex8_14

+clc

+Iio=0.1*10^(-9)

+disp("Iio = "+string(Iio)+" ampere") //Input offset current

+VCC=15

+disp("VCC= "+string(VCC)+" volts") //  voltage supply  

+PSRR=150*10^(-6)

+disp("PSRR= "+string(PSRR)+"  volts/V")// Power supply rejection ratio

+Vio=10*10^(-6)

+disp("Vio= "+string(Vio)+" volts") //Input offset voltage

+R1=10*10^(3)

+disp("R1= "+string(R1)+ " ohm")  // resistance

+RF=100*10^(3)

+disp("RF= "+string(RF)+ " ohm")  //Feedback resistance

+delta_T=75-25

+disp("delta_T=75-25 = "+string(delta_T)+" celsius") //Temperature change

+delta_Vo=[(Vio*delta_T)*(1+RF/R1)]+(Iio*delta_T*RF)

+disp("delta_Vo=[(Vio*delta_T)*(1+RF/R1)]+(Iio*delta_T*RF)= "+string(delta_Vo)+" volts") //Output voltage drift

+delta_Vio1=(delta_Vo)*(R1/RF)

+disp("delta_Vio1=(delta_Vo)*(R1/RF)= "+string(delta_Vio1)+" volts") // voltage change at Input for voltage drift found

+delta_Vio2=(delta_Vio1)*(1/10)

+disp("delta_Vio2=(delta_Vio1)*(1/10)= "+string(delta_Vio2)+" volts") //  change in Vio due to PSRR

+p=[(delta_Vio2)/(VCC*PSRR)]*100

+disp("power supply regulation=[(delta_Vio2)/(VCC*PSRR)]*100 ="+string(p)+ " percent")// power supply regulation requirement

+

+//delta_Vio1 corresponds to voltage change at Input for voltage drift found 

+//delta_Vio2 corresponds voltage change at input due to PSRR

+

diff --git a/2561/CH8/EX8.15/Ex8_15.sce b/2561/CH8/EX8.15/Ex8_15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dffa7db4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2561/CH8/EX8.15/Ex8_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//Ex8_15

+clc

+SR=0.65

+disp("SR= "+string(SR)+"  volts/microsecond")// Slew rate of OP-AMP

+disp("part(i)")

+Vm=5

+disp("Vm= "+string(Vm)+" volts") //  Output peak voltage1

+fsm=SR/[10^(-6)*(2*%pi*Vm)] // using formulae  SR=2*pi*fsm*Vm

+disp("fsm=SR/[10^(-6)*(2*%pi*Vm)] = "+string(fsm)+" Hz")// // Full power bandwidth  for Output peak voltage Vm=5V

+disp("part(ii)")

+Vm=1

+disp("Vm= "+string(Vm)+" volts") //  Output peak voltage2

+fsm=SR/[10^(-6)*(2*%pi*Vm)]  // using formulae  SR=2*pi*fsm*Vm

+disp("fsm=SR/[10^(-6)*(2*%pi*Vm)] = "+string(fsm)+" Hz")// // Full power bandwidth  for Output peak voltage Vm=1V

diff --git a/2561/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce b/2561/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b31676fbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2561/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//Ex8_2

+clc

+Avf=-100

+disp("Avf="+string(Avf)) // Voltage gain 

+Rif=1

+disp("Rif= "+string(Rif)+ " ohm")  //Input resistance of OP-AMP

+R1=Rif

+RF=-R1*Avf // using formulae Vo=(-RF/R1)*Vi

+disp("RF= -R1*Avf="+string(RF)+ " ohm")  //Feedback resistance of OP-AMP

+// NOTE:Error in value of RF since they have given value of Rif=1ohm but calculated RF by using Rif=1 Kilo ohm

+// So i have calculated using Ri=1ohm and hence RF=100 ohm

diff --git a/2561/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce b/2561/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f4d12c2a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2561/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//Ex8_3

+clc

+R11=1*10^(3)

+disp("R11= "+string(R11)+ " ohm")  // resistance at input terminal of OP-AMP Adder

+RF=100*10^(3)

+disp("RF= "+string(RF)+ " ohm")  //Feedback resistance

+R12=10*10^(3)

+disp("R12= "+string(R12)+ " ohm")  // resistance at input terminal of OP-AMP  Adder

+R13=100*10^(3)

+disp("R13= "+string(R13)+ " ohm")  // resistance at input terminal of OP-AMP  Adder

+disp("vo = -("+string(RF/R11)+"vs1 +"+string(RF/R12)+"vs2 +"+string(RF/R13)+"vs3)") // output voltage of opamp adder in terms of input vs1,vs2 vs3

+

+// for average value of input signal

+n = 3// given inputs are '3'

+R11 = n*RF

+R12 = n*RF

+R13 = n*RF

+disp("vo = -("+string(RF/R11)+" vs1 +"+string(RF/R12)+" vs2 +"+string(RF/R13)+ " vs3)") // output voltage of opamp adder 

+

+

+// note : the output voltage of inverting adder is negative 

+// but while calculating weighted output voltage in above question ..author has neglected  or miss the negative sign

diff --git a/2561/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce b/2561/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..08b5a49ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2561/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Ex8_4

+clc

+Ir=10*10^(-3)

+disp("Ir = "+string(Ir)+" ampere/lumen of radiant energy ") //photodiode Reverse saturation current for constant reverse bias VR

+RF=10*10^(3)

+disp("RF= "+string(RF)+ " ohm")  //Feedback resistance

+E=1*10^(-2)

+disp("E = "+string(E)+" lumens")//  radiant energy

+IR=Ir*E

+disp("IR =Ir*E= "+string(IR)+" ampere") // Reverse saturation current

+Vo=IR*RF

+disp("Vo=IR*RF= "+string(Vo)+" volts") //  output voltage

+s=E/Vo

+disp("scale factor=E/Vo= "+string(E)+" lumens/V") //  Scale factor of photometer

+

+

diff --git a/2561/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce b/2561/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c3de6f8dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2561/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//Ex8_5

+clc

+Av=1*10^(5)

+disp("Av= "+string(Av)) //Voltage gain

+RF=100*10^(3)

+disp("RF= "+string(RF)+ " ohm")  //Feedback resistance

+RM=10*10^(3)

+disp("RM= "+string(RM)+ " ohm")  // D.C Ammeter internal resistance

+is=10*10^(-6)

+disp("is = "+string(is)+" ampere") //  Source current

+vo=is*RF

+disp("vo=is*RF= "+string(vo)+" volts") //  output voltage

+S=vo/is

+disp("S=vo/is= "+string(S)+" V/A") // Sensitivity of Ammeter

+Rif=RF/(1+Av)

+disp("Rif=RF/(1+Av)= "+string(Rif)+ " ohm")  //Input resistance of OP-AMP

+im=100*10^(-6)

+disp("im = "+string(im)+" ampere") // Meter Full-Scale deflection current   

+RF=(im*RM)/is

+disp("RF=(im*RM)/is= "+string(RF)+ " ohm")  // New required Feedback resistance for im=100 micro ampere

diff --git a/2561/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce b/2561/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a893ff4a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2561/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Ex8_6

+clc

+Av=36

+disp("Av= "+string(Av)+" dB") //Voltage gain

+R1=1*10^(3)// Choosing value of R1

+disp("R1= "+string(R1)+ " ohm")  // Resistor at input side of OP-AMP

+RF=R1*[10^(Av/20)-1] // Using formulae Av=20*log(1+RF/R1)

+disp("RF=R1*[10^(Av/20)-1]= "+string(RF)+ " ohm")  // Calculated Feedback resistance

+//NOTE: Correct value of RF=62095.734 ohm or 62.095 kilo ohm but in book given as 62.24 kilo ohm 

+ 

diff --git a/2561/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce b/2561/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d44367936
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2561/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//Ex8_7

+clc

+if=100*10^(-6)

+disp("if = "+string(if)+" ampere") //Full-Scale deflection current

+Av=1*10^(5)

+disp("Av= "+string(Av)) //Voltage gain    

+vs=10*10^(-3)    

+disp("vs= "+string(vs)+" volts") //  Input voltage 

+RM=100

+disp("RM= "+string(RM)+ " ohm")  // Moving coil Ammeter internal resistance

+Ri=10*10^(3)

+disp("Ri= "+string(Ri)+ " ohm")  //Input resistance of OP-AMP

+R1=vs/if

+disp("R1=vs/if= "+string(R1)+ " ohm")  // Resistor at input side of OP-AMP in Voltage-to-Current converter 

+Avf=1+(RM/R1) // formulae using Avf=1+(RF/R1)=1+(RM/R1)// since RF=RM

+disp("Avf=1+(RM/R1)="+string(Avf)) // Overall Voltage gain

+Rif=Ri*(Av/Avf)

+disp("Rif=Ri*(Av/Avf)="+string(Rif)+ " ohm")  // Equivalent input side resistance of OP-AMP with feedback

+

+ 

diff --git a/2561/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce b/2561/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cdd9ccd43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2561/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//Ex8_8

+clc

+Ro=0.001

+disp("Ro= "+string(Ro)+ " ohm")  //Output resistance

+Sv=0.01

+disp("Sv= "+string(Sv)+"%") // Input Regulation for IC regulator

+delta_VI=12-9

+disp("change in regulator voltage= "+string(delta_VI)+" volts") // Regulator input voltage variation

+delta_IL=1.25-1

+disp("change in regulator Current= "+string(delta_IL)+" A") // Regulator Current variation

+delta_Vo=[delta_VI*(Sv/100)+delta_IL*Ro]

+disp("change in regulator output voltage= "+string(delta_Vo)+" volts") // Regulator output voltage variation

+

diff --git a/2561/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce b/2561/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d8f5f0e77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2561/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Ex8_9

+clc

+alpha=1.414// Damping coefficient for Butterworth LP filter

+disp("alpha="+string(alpha)) 

+AM=3-alpha

+disp("AM="+string(AM)) // Midband gain of filter 

+fOH=1*10^(3)

+disp("fOH= "+string(fOH)+" Hz")//Cut off frequency

+R1=10*10^(3)// Choosing value of R1 same as in book

+disp("R1= "+string(R1)+ " ohm")  // Resistor at input side of (OP-AMP)filter 

+RF=R1*(AM-1)

+disp("RF=R1*(AM-1)="+string(RF)+ " ohm")  //Feedback resistance 

+C=0.1*10^(-6) // Choosing value of capacitor same a in book

+disp("C="+string(C)+"farad")

+R=1/(2*%pi*fOH*C)// Using formulae wOH=1/C*R and wOH=(2*%pi*fOH)

+disp("R=1/(omega_OH*C)=1/(2*%pi*fOH*C)="+string(R)+ " ohm")  // resistance value for filter design