initial commit / add all books

32 files changed, 501 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/2498/CH6/EX6.1/ex6_1.sce b/2498/CH6/EX6.1/ex6_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..650fce1df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2498/CH6/EX6.1/ex6_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Exa 6.1

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6)

+// Given data

+CMRR = 10^5;

+Ad = 10^5;

+// CMRR = Ad/A_CM;

+// The common mode gain of the op-amp 

+A_CM = Ad/CMRR;

+disp(A_CM,"The common mode gain of the op-amp is");

diff --git a/2498/CH6/EX6.10/ex6_10.sce b/2498/CH6/EX6.10/ex6_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ab34f505b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2498/CH6/EX6.10/ex6_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// Exa 6.10

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6)

+// Given data

+Ao = 10;

+// Ao = (1+(R_F/R1));

+//Given that maximum value of resistor should not exceed 30 kΩ, so we select

+R_F= 27;// in k ohm

+R1= R_F/(Ao-1);// in k ohm

+disp(R_F,"The value of R_F in k ohm is");

+disp(R1,"The value of R1 in k ohm is");

diff --git a/2498/CH6/EX6.11/ex6_11.sce b/2498/CH6/EX6.11/ex6_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0f0963ff4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2498/CH6/EX6.11/ex6_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Exa 6.11

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6)

+// Given data

+Va = 0.2;// in V

+Vb = -0.5;// in V

+Vc = 0.8;// in V

+Ra = 33;// in k ohm

+Rb = 22;// in  k ohm

+Rc = 11;// in  k ohm

+R_F = 66;// in k ohm

+// Using Superposition theorm, the output voltage

+Vo = (-((R_F/Ra)*Va)) -(((R_F/Rb)*Vb)) -(((R_F/Rc)*Vc));// in V

+disp(Vo,"The output voltage in V is");

diff --git a/2498/CH6/EX6.13/ex6_13.sce b/2498/CH6/EX6.13/ex6_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ba4e8f5e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2498/CH6/EX6.13/ex6_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Exa 6.13

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6)

+// Given data

+Va = 6;// in V

+Vb = -3;// in V

+Vc = -0.75;// in V

+Ra = 10;// in k ohm

+Rb = 2.5;// in k ohm

+Rc = 4;// in k ohm

+R_F = 10;// in k ohm

+// The output voltage 

+Vo = (-((R_F/Ra)*Va)) -(((R_F/Rb)*Vb)) -(((R_F/Rc)*Vc));// in V

+disp(Vo,"The output voltage in V is");

diff --git a/2498/CH6/EX6.14/ex6_14.sce b/2498/CH6/EX6.14/ex6_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..947ccbd17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2498/CH6/EX6.14/ex6_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Exa 6.14

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6)

+// Given data

+R1 = 100;// in ohm

+R2 = R1;// in ohm

+R3 = 3.9;// in k ohm

+R3 = R3 * 10^3;// in ohm

+R_F = R3;// in ohm

+Vx = -3.2;// in V

+Vy = -3;// in V

+// output voltage due to Vx, Vox = -(R_F/R1)*Vx and due to Vy, Voy = (R3/(R2+R3)) * (1+(R_F/R1))*Vy

+// Vo = Vox + Voy =  -(R_F/R1)*Vx + (R_F/R1)*Vy   (as R1=R2 and R3=Rf)

+//So, Aod = Vo/(Vx-Vy) = -R_F/R1;

+Aod = -R_F/R1;

+disp(Aod,"The closed loop differential gain is");

+Vo = (-R_F/R1)*(Vx-Vy);// in V

+disp(Vo,"The output voltage in V is");

diff --git a/2498/CH6/EX6.2/ex6_2.sce b/2498/CH6/EX6.2/ex6_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4593b901e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2498/CH6/EX6.2/ex6_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Exa 6.2

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6)

+// Given data

+del_V = 20;//change in voltage in V

+del_t = 4;//change in time in µS

+SR = del_V/del_t;//slew rate in V/µS

+disp(SR,"The slew rate in V/µS is");

diff --git a/2498/CH6/EX6.3/ex6_3.sce b/2498/CH6/EX6.3/ex6_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..74ebbf885
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2498/CH6/EX6.3/ex6_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// Exa 6.3

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6)

+// Given data

+del_V = 0.75;//chagne in voltage in V

+del_t = 50;//change in time in ns

+// The slew rate 

+SR = del_V/(del_t*10^-3);// in µs

+disp(SR,"The slew rate in V/µ-sec is");

diff --git a/2498/CH6/EX6.4/ex6_4.sce b/2498/CH6/EX6.4/ex6_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b553fb763
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2498/CH6/EX6.4/ex6_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Exa 6.4

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6)

+// Given data

+R1 = 1;// in k ohm

+R_F = 4.7;// in k ohm

+//The closed loop voltage gain, Ao = Vo/Vin = -R_F/R1;

+Ao = -R_F/R1;

+disp(Ao,"The closed loop voltage gain is");

+// The input impedance 

+Ri = R1;// in k ohm

+disp(Ri,"The input impedance in k ohm is");

diff --git a/2498/CH6/EX6.5/ex6_5.sce b/2498/CH6/EX6.5/ex6_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..80dc9b254
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2498/CH6/EX6.5/ex6_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// Exa 6.5

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6)

+// Given data

+Ao = -20;

+Ri = 5;// in k ohm

+R1 = Ri;// in k ohm

+disp(R1,"The value of R1 in k ohm is");

+// Closed loop voltage gain for inverting amplifier, Ao = -R_F/R1 or

+R_F = -Ao*R1;// in k ohm

+disp(R_F,"The value of R_F in k ohm is");

diff --git a/2498/CH6/EX6.6/ex6_6.sce b/2498/CH6/EX6.6/ex6_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b5a0d02fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2498/CH6/EX6.6/ex6_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Exa 6.6

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6)

+// Given data

+R1 = 20;// in k ohm

+R_F = 300;// in k ohm

+Vin = 1.25;// in V

+// Ao = Vo/Vin = -R_F/R1;

+Ao = -R_F/R1;

+// Output voltage,

+Vo = Ao*Vin;// in V

+disp(Vo,"The output voltage in V is");

diff --git a/2498/CH6/EX6.7/ex6_7.sce b/2498/CH6/EX6.7/ex6_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c77c4dfea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2498/CH6/EX6.7/ex6_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Exa 6.7

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6)

+// Given data

+Ao = -4;// in V/V

+R_T= 100;// total resistance in k ohm

+// R1+R_F= R_T          (i)

+// Ao= -R_F/R1             (ii)

+R_F= R_T/(1-1/Ao);// in k ohm           (From eq (i) and (ii))

+R1= -R_F/Ao;// in k ohm

+disp(R1,"The value of R1 in k ohm is");

+disp(R_F,"The value of R_F in k ohm is");

diff --git a/2498/CH6/EX6.8/ex6_8.sce b/2498/CH6/EX6.8/ex6_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fe3c1ffdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2498/CH6/EX6.8/ex6_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Exa 6.8

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6)

+// Given data

+R1 = 15;// in k ohm

+R_F = 450;// in k ohm

+Vin = -0.25;// in V

+// Vo = Ao*Vin

+Vo = (1+R_F/R1)*abs(Vin);// in V    (on putting, Ao = 1+(R_F/R1))

+disp(Vo,"The output voltage in V is");

diff --git a/2498/CH6/EX6.9/ex6_9.sce b/2498/CH6/EX6.9/ex6_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0d7ce8b90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2498/CH6/EX6.9/ex6_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Exa 6.9

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6)

+// Given data

+Ao = 1.5;// in V/V

+R = 10;// in k ohm

+// Ao = (1+(R_F/R1))

+disp("The relation of R1 and R_F can be implemented in two ways : ");

+disp("(i) : When R_F= R || R, in this condition")

+// When R_F= R || R

+R1= R;//in k ohm

+R_F= R1*(Ao-1);// in k ohm

+disp(R1,"The value of R1 in k ohm is : ");

+disp(R_F,"The value of R_F in k ohm is : ")

+// When both resistor connected in series

+disp("(ii) : When both resistor connected in series, in this condition")

+R1= 2*R;// in k ohm

+R_F= R1*(Ao-1);// in k ohm

+disp(R1,"The value of R1 in k ohm is : ");

+disp(R_F,"The value of R_F in k ohm is : ")

+

diff --git a/2498/CH6/EX6.m.1/ex_m_6_1.sce b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.1/ex_m_6_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..330c6c67a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.1/ex_m_6_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Exa Misc. 6.1

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('e',8)

+// Given data

+Vid = 1;// in mV

+Vo = 120;// in mV

+V_CM = 1;// in mV

+Ad = Vo/Vid;

+Vo = 20;// in µV

+Vo = Vo * 10^-3;// in mV

+A_CM = Vo/V_CM;

+Vo = 120;// in mV

+// The value of CMRR for the circuit 

+CMRR = Vo/A_CM;

+disp(CMRR,"The value of CMRR for the circuit is");

diff --git a/2498/CH6/EX6.m.10/ex_m_6_10.sce b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.10/ex_m_6_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..df6d0e6e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.10/ex_m_6_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// Exa Misc. 6.10

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6)

+// Given data

+R_F = 60;// in ko hm

+R1 = 20;// in k ohm

+Vin1 = 2;// in V

+Vin2 = 0.1;// in V

+// The output voltage, by using super position theorm,

+Vo = ((-R_F/R1)*Vin1) + ((1+(R_F/R1))*Vin2);// in V

+disp(Vo,"The output voltage in V is");

diff --git a/2498/CH6/EX6.m.11/ex_m_6_11.sce b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.11/ex_m_6_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d40d541d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.11/ex_m_6_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Exa Misc. 6.11

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6)

+// Given data

+R1 = 10;// in k ohm

+R2 = 20;// in k ohm

+R3 = 10;// in k ohm

+R_F = 20;// in k ohm

+Vin1 = 2;// in V

+Vin2 = 1;// in V

+// The output voltage,

+Vo = ((-R_F/R1)*Vin1) - ((R_F/R2)*Vin2);// in V

+disp(Vo,"The output voltage in V is");

diff --git a/2498/CH6/EX6.m.12/ex_m_6_12.sce b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.12/ex_m_6_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0a8086fe4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.12/ex_m_6_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Exa Misc. 6.12

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6)

+// Given data

+R_F = 20;// in k ohm

+R1 = 10;// in k ohm

+R2 = 20;// in k ohm

+Vin1 = 2;// in V

+Vin2 = 2;// in V

+Vin3 = 2;// in V

+// The output voltage, by using super position theorm,

+Vo = ((-R_F/R1)*Vin1) + (-Vin2*R_F/R2+Vin2) + ((R_F/(((R1*R2)/(R1+R2))))*Vin3);// in V

+disp(Vo,"The voltage is appeared at the output terminal in V is");

diff --git a/2498/CH6/EX6.m.13/ex_m_6_13.sce b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.13/ex_m_6_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..319ef9534
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.13/ex_m_6_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Exa Misc. 6.13

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6)

+// Given data

+R1 = 20;// in k ohm

+R3 = 10;// in k ohm

+R2 = R3;// in k ohm

+R_F = 20;// in k ohm

+Vin1 = 2;// in V

+Vin2 = 2.1;// in V

+// The input voltage at non-inverting terminal,

+V_A = (R2*Vin2)/R1;// in V

+// The output voltage, by using super position theorm,

+Vo = ((-R_F/R1)*Vin1) + ((1+(R_F/R1))*(R1/(R2+R3))*V_A);// in V

+disp(Vo,"The output voltage in V is");

diff --git a/2498/CH6/EX6.m.15/ex_m_6_15.sce b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.15/ex_m_6_15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dd8ecfa5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.15/ex_m_6_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Exa Misc. 6.15

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6)

+// Given data

+//Output voltage of the amplifier, Vo = (1+(Rf/Rin))*Vin and voltage gain, Av = Vo/Vin = 1+(Rf/Rin)

+Rf = 0;

+Rin = 2;// in k ohm

+Avmin = 1+(Rf/Rin);

+Rf = 100;// in k ohm

+// The maximum loop voltage gain 

+Avmax = 1+(Rf/Rin);

+disp(Avmax,"The maximum loop voltage gain is");

diff --git a/2498/CH6/EX6.m.18/ex_m_6_18.sce b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.18/ex_m_6_18.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..399afc7be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.18/ex_m_6_18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// Exa Misc. 6.18

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6)

+// Given data

+Ad = 5*10^5;// differential mode gain

+CMRR = 80;// in dB

+A_CM = Ad/(10^(CMRR/20));// common mode gain

+V1 = 745;// in µV

+V1 = V1 * 10^-6;// in V

+V2 = 740;// in µV

+V2 = V2 * 10^-6;// in V

+// CMRR = 20*log( Ad/A_CM );

+// //output voltage in differential mode gain

+Vod = Ad*(V1-V2);// in V

+disp(Vod,"The output voltage in differential mode gain in volts is : ")

+//output voltage due to common mode gain 

+Vo_CM = A_CM*((V1+V2)/2);//in V

+disp(Vo_CM,"The output voltage due to common mode gain in volts is : ")

+Pr = (Vo_CM/Vod)*100;// percentage error in %

+disp(Pr,"The percentage error due to common mode in % is")

diff --git a/2498/CH6/EX6.m.19/ex_m_6_19.sce b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.19/ex_m_6_19.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3850d095a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.19/ex_m_6_19.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Exa Misc. 6.19

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6)

+// Given data

+R1 = 1;// in Mohm

+// The input impedance 

+Rin = R1;// in Mohm

+disp(Rin,"The input impedance in Mohm is");

+R2 = 1;// in Mohm

+// The voltage gain 

+Avf = -R2/R1;// Voltage gain

+disp(Avf,"The voltage gain is");

diff --git a/2498/CH6/EX6.m.2/ex_m_6_2.sce b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.2/ex_m_6_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2d6f66206
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.2/ex_m_6_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Exa Misc. 6.2

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6)

+// Given data

+R1 = 10;// in k ohm

+R_F = 1000;// in k ohm

+// Vin/R1 = -Vo/R_F and Vo/Vin = Ao = -R_F/R1

+Ao = abs(-R_F/R1);// in k ohm

+disp(Ao,"The closed loop gain is");

+Vin = 30;// in mV

+Vin = Vin  * 10^-3;// in V

+// The output voltage,

+Vo =-Ao*Vin;// in V

+disp(Vo,"The output voltage in V is");

+

+// Note: The loop gain will be unit less.

diff --git a/2498/CH6/EX6.m.21/ex_m_6_21.sce b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.21/ex_m_6_21.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..422f3a9ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.21/ex_m_6_21.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Exa Misc. 6.21

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6)

+// Given data

+i1 = 1;//input current for first op-amp in mA

+i1 = i1 * 10^-3;// in A

+R_F = 1;// in k ohm

+R_F = R_F * 10^3;// in ohm

+// Output voltage at first op-amp stage

+Vo = -i1*R_F;// in V

+R1 = 10;// in k ohm

+R2 = 1;// in k ohm

+// The output voltage,

+Vg1 = Vo*(1+(R1/R2));// in V

+disp(Vg1,"The output volatge in V is");

diff --git a/2498/CH6/EX6.m.22/ex_m_6_22.sce b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.22/ex_m_6_22.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..47da8e780
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.22/ex_m_6_22.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Exa Misc. 6.22

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6)

+// Given data

+R_S3 = 10;// in k ohm

+R_S2 = R_S3;// in k ohm

+R_S1 = R_S3;// in k ohm

+Rf = 10;// in k ohm

+Vs1 = 0.2;// in V

+Vs2 = 0.5;// in V

+Vs3 = 0.8;// in V

+// I = I1+6I2+I3;

+// I = (Vs1/R_S1) + (Vs2/R_S2) + (Vs3/R_S3);

+// I = - If;

+// Vo = -If*Rf;

+Vo = (Rf/R_S1)*(Vs1+Vs2+Vs3);// in V  (as R_S1= R_S2=R_S3)

+disp(Vo,"The value of Vo in volts is : ");

+disp("But the supply voltage of 10 V is used, so the op-amp will reach in saturation.");

+disp("Hence, output voltage is -10 volts.")

diff --git a/2498/CH6/EX6.m.25/ex_m_6_25.sce b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.25/ex_m_6_25.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1ef43bc54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.25/ex_m_6_25.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Exa Misc. 6.25

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6)

+// Given data

+//Ratio of R2/R1 =  R3/R4 = 4 and R_L = -Vi/R3

+Vi = 3.7;// in V

+R3 = 2;// in k ohm

+R3 = R3 * 10^3;// in ohm

+// The current through R_L,

+I_L = -Vi/R3;// in A

+I_L= I_L*10^3;// in mA

+disp(I_L,"The current through R_L in mA is");

diff --git a/2498/CH6/EX6.m.3/ex_m_6_3.sce b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.3/ex_m_6_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b7af603a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.3/ex_m_6_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Exa Misc. 6.3

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6)

+// Given data

+R1min = 10;// in k ohm

+R1max = 20;// in k ohm

+R_F = 300;// in k ohm

+// The closed loop voltage gain corresponding to R1min,

+Ao_min = -R_F/R1min;

+// The closed loop voltage gain corresponding to R1max,

+Ao_max = -R_F/R1max;

+disp("The range of voltage gain is : "+string(Ao_max)+" to "+string(Ao_min));

diff --git a/2498/CH6/EX6.m.4/ex_m_6_4.sce b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.4/ex_m_6_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..54dfe9951
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.4/ex_m_6_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Exa Misc. 6.4

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6)

+// Given data

+R_F = 500;// in k ohm

+R_desh = 20;// in k ohm

+Vin = 0.5;// in V

+Rd_desh = 0;

+R1min = 20;// in k ohm

+R1max = 50;// in k ohm

+// Ao = Vo/Vin = (1+(R_F/R1));

+Vo_max = Vin*(1+(R_F/R1min));// output voltage corresponding to R1min

+Vo_min = Vin*(1+(R_F/R1max));// output voltage corresponding to R1max

+disp("Range of output voltage is : "+string(Vo_min)+" volts to "+string(Vo_max)+" volts.");

diff --git a/2498/CH6/EX6.m.5/ex_m_6_5.sce b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.5/ex_m_6_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..14f49d4e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.5/ex_m_6_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Exa Misc. 6.5

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6)

+// Given data

+R1 = 2;// in k ohm

+Rdas = 2;// in k ohm

+R_Fmin = 2;// in k ohm

+R_Fmax = 102;// in k ohm

+// Ao = -R_F/R1;

+// The minimum closed loop voltage gain 

+Aomin = -R_Fmin/R1;

+disp(Aomin,"The minimum closed loop voltage gain is");

+//The maximum closed loop voltage gain 

+Aomax = -R_Fmax/R1;

+disp(Aomax,"The maximum closed loop voltage gain is");

diff --git a/2498/CH6/EX6.m.6/ex_m_6_6.sce b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.6/ex_m_6_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2abe153ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.6/ex_m_6_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Exa Misc. 6.6

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6)

+// Given data

+R1 = 10;// in k ohm

+R_F = 0;

+// Ao = (1+(R_F/R1));

+// The minimum closed loop voltage gain 

+Aomin = (1+(R_F/R1));

+disp(Aomin,"The minimum closed loop voltage gain is");

+R_F = 100;// in k ohm

+// The maximum closed loop voltage gain 

+Aomax = (1+(R_F/R1));

+disp(Aomax,"The maximum closed loop voltage gain is");

diff --git a/2498/CH6/EX6.m.7/ex_m_6_7.sce b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.7/ex_m_6_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d6c5781ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.7/ex_m_6_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// Exa Misc. 6.7

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',7)

+// Given data

+R1 = 220;// in ohm

+R_F = 47;// in k ohm

+R_F =R_F * 10^3;// in ohm

+// The closed loop voltage for switch position-1

+Ao = -R_F/R1;

+disp(Ao,"The closed loop voltage for switch position-1 is");

+R_F = 18;// in k ohm

+R_F = R_F * 10^3;// in ohm

+// The closed loop voltage for switch position-2

+Ao = -R_F/R1;

+disp(Ao,"The closed loop voltage for switch position-2 is");

+R_F = 39;// in k ohm

+R_F = R_F * 10^3;// in ohm

+// The closed loop voltage for switch position-3

+Ao = -R_F/R1;

+disp(Ao,"The closed loop voltage for switch position-3 is");

diff --git a/2498/CH6/EX6.m.8/ex_m_6_8.sce b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.8/ex_m_6_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ede54755a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.8/ex_m_6_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Exa Misc. 6.8

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6)

+// Given data

+R_F = 120;// in k ohm

+Rdas1 = 6;// in k ohm

+Rddas1 = 3;// in k ohm

+R1 = Rdas1;// in k ohm

+// For switch position-1 , the closed loop voltage gain,

+Ao = 1+(R_F/R1);

+disp(Ao,"The closed loop voltage gain for switch position-1 is : ");

+R1 = (Rdas1*Rddas1)/(Rdas1+Rddas1);// in k ohm

+// For switch position-2, the closed loop voltage gain, 

+Ao = 1+(R_F/R1);

+disp(Ao,"The closed loop voltage gain for switch position-2 is : ");

diff --git a/2498/CH6/EX6.m.9/ex_m_6_9.sce b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.9/ex_m_6_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c634f017e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2498/CH6/EX6.m.9/ex_m_6_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Exa Misc. 6.9

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6)

+// Given data

+R_F = 20;// in k ohm

+R1 = 20;// in k ohm

+R2 = 10;// in k ohm

+Vin1 = 2;// in V

+Vin2 = 1;// in V

+// The output voltage, by using super position theorm

+Vo = ((-R_F/R1)*Vin1) + ((1+(R_F/R1))*Vin2);

+disp(Vo,"The output voltage is");