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authorprashantsinalkar2017-10-10 12:27:19 +0530
committerprashantsinalkar2017-10-10 12:27:19 +0530
commit7f60ea012dd2524dae921a2a35adbf7ef21f2bb6 (patch)
treedbb9e3ddb5fc829e7c5c7e6be99b2c4ba356132c /2459/CH20
parentb1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b (diff)
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diff --git a/2459/CH20/EX20.1/Ex20_1.JPG b/2459/CH20/EX20.1/Ex20_1.JPG
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+//chapter20
+//example20.1
+//page437
+
+V_NL=400 // V
+V_FL=300 // V
+
+regulation=((V_NL-V_FL)/V_FL)*100
+
+printf("percent voltage regulation = %.3f percent \n",regulation)
diff --git a/2459/CH20/EX20.10/Ex20_10.JPG b/2459/CH20/EX20.10/Ex20_10.JPG
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+//chapter20
+//example20.10
+//page445
+
+R2=1 // kilo ohm
+R1=2 // kilo ohm
+Vz=6 // V
+Vbe=0.7 // V
+
+m=R2/(R1+R2)
+A_CL=1/m
+Vout=A_CL*(Vz+Vbe)
+
+printf("regulated output voltage = %.3f V \n",Vout)
diff --git a/2459/CH20/EX20.11/Ex20_11.JPG b/2459/CH20/EX20.11/Ex20_11.JPG
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+//chapter20
+//example20.11
+//page445
+
+R2=10 // kilo ohm
+R1=30 // kilo ohm
+
+m=R2/(R1+R2)
+A_CL=1/m
+
+printf("closed loop voltage gain = %.3f \n",A_CL)
diff --git a/2459/CH20/EX20.12/Ex20_12.JPG b/2459/CH20/EX20.12/Ex20_12.JPG
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+//chapter20
+//example20.12
+//page446
+
+Vz=8.3 // V
+Vbe=0.7 // V
+Rl=100 // ohm
+Rs=130 // ohm
+Vin=22 // V
+
+Vout=Vz+Vbe
+Il=Vout/Rl
+Is=(Vin-Vout)/Rs
+Ic=Is-Il
+
+printf("regulated output voltage = %.3f V \n",Vout)
+printf("load current = %.3f mA \n",Il*1000)
+printf("current through Rs = %.3f mA \n",Is*1000)
+printf("collector current = %.3f mA \n",Ic*1000)
diff --git a/2459/CH20/EX20.2/Ex20_2.PNG b/2459/CH20/EX20.2/Ex20_2.PNG
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+//chapter20
+//example20.2
+//page437
+
+V_NL=30 // V
+regulation=1
+
+// since regulation=((V_NL-V_FL)/V_FL)*100, we get V_FL as
+
+V_FL=100*V_NL/(100+regulation)
+printf("full load voltage = %.3f V \n",V_FL)
diff --git a/2459/CH20/EX20.3/Ex20_3.PNG b/2459/CH20/EX20.3/Ex20_3.PNG
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+//chapter20
+//example20.3
+//page437
+
+// for power supply A
+V_NL1=30 // V
+V_FL1=25 // V
+
+regulation1=((V_NL1-V_FL1)/V_FL1)*100
+
+//for power supply B
+V_NL2=30 // V
+V_FL2=29 // V
+
+regulation2=((V_NL2-V_FL2)/V_FL2)*100
+
+printf("regulation for power supply A =%.3f percent \n",regulation1)
+printf("regulation for power supply B =%.3f percent \n",regulation2)
+
+if regulation1>regulation2 then
+ printf("thus, power supply B is better \n")
+ elseif regulation2>regulation1 then
+ printf("thus, power supply A is better \n")
+ else printf("both are equally good \n")
+end
diff --git a/2459/CH20/EX20.4/Ex20_4.PNG b/2459/CH20/EX20.4/Ex20_4.PNG
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+//chapter20
+//example20.4
+//page438
+
+V_NL=500 // V
+V_FL=300 // V
+I_FL=120 // mA
+
+regulation=((V_NL-V_FL)/V_FL)*100
+
+Rl_min=V_FL/I_FL
+
+printf("voltage regulation = %.3f percent \n",regulation)
+printf("minimum load resistance = %.3f kilo ohm \n",Rl_min)
diff --git a/2459/CH20/EX20.5/Ex20_5.PNG b/2459/CH20/EX20.5/Ex20_5.PNG
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+//chapter20
+//example20.5
+//page441
+
+Vin=24 // V
+Vout=12 // V
+Rs=160 // ohm
+Rl_min=200 // ohm
+
+Is=(Vin-Vout)/Rs // in ampere
+
+// minimum load occurs when Rl tends to infinity so
+Il_min=0
+
+// maximum load occurs when Rl=200 ohm
+Il_max=Vout/Rl_min // in ampere
+
+Iz_min=Is-Il_max // in ampere
+Iz_max=Is-Il_min // in ampere
+
+printf("current through series reistance = %.3f mA \n \n",Is*1000)
+printf("minimum load current = %.3f mA \n",Il_min*1000)
+printf("maximum load current = %.3f mA \n",Il_max*1000)
+printf("minimum zener current = %.3f mA \n",Iz_min*1000)
+printf("maximum zener current = %.3f mA \n \n",Iz_max*1000)
+
+printf("comment : current Is through Rs is constant.\nAs load current increases from 0 to 60 mA, zener current decreases from 75 to 15 mA, \nmaintaining Is constant.\nThis is the normal operation of zener regulator \ni.e.Is and Vout remain constant inspite of changes in load or source voltage.")
diff --git a/2459/CH20/EX20.6/Ex20_6.PNG b/2459/CH20/EX20.6/Ex20_6.PNG
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+//chapter20
+//example20.6
+//page441
+
+Vin_min=22 // V
+Vout=15 // V
+Il_max=0.1 // A
+
+// for maximum series resistance, we consider the case when input voltage is minimum and load current is maximum because then zener current drops to minimum.Thus,
+Rs_max=(Vin_min-Vout)/Il_max
+
+printf("required series resistance = %.3f ohm \n",Rs_max)
diff --git a/2459/CH20/EX20.7/Ex20_7.PNG b/2459/CH20/EX20.7/Ex20_7.PNG
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+//chapter20
+//example20.7
+//page442
+
+Vz=10 // V
+Vbe=0.5 // V
+Rl=1000 // ohm
+
+Vout=Vz-Vbe
+Il=Vout/Rl
+
+printf("load voltage = %.3f V \n",Vout)
+printf("load current = %.3f mA \n",Il*1000)
diff --git a/2459/CH20/EX20.8/Ex20_8.JPG b/2459/CH20/EX20.8/Ex20_8.JPG
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+//chapter20
+//example20.8
+//page441
+
+Ic=1 // A
+gain=50
+Vout=6 // V
+Vbe=0.5 // V
+Vin=10 // V
+Iz=10d-3 // A
+
+Ib=Ic/gain
+Vz=Vbe+Vout // Vout=Vz-Vbe
+
+V_Rs=Vin-Vz
+Rs=V_Rs/(Ib+Iz)
+
+printf("required breakdown voltage for zener diode = %.3f V \n",Vz)
+printf("required value of Rs = %.3f ohm \n",Rs)
+
+// in book Rs=117 ohm but accurate answer is 116.667 ohm
+
+// note : in xcos, there is no Zener diode so in the result (circuit) file a simple diode is used to represent a zener diode
diff --git a/2459/CH20/EX20.8/Figure20_8.jpg b/2459/CH20/EX20.8/Figure20_8.jpg
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+//chapter20
+//example20.9
+//page443
+
+Vz=12 // V
+Vbe=0.7 // V
+Vin=20 // V
+Rs=220 // ohm
+Rl=1d3 // ohm
+gain=50
+
+Vout=Vz-Vbe
+V_Rs=Vin-Vz
+I_Rs=V_Rs/Rs
+Il=Vout/Rl
+Ic=Il
+Ib=Ic/gain
+Iz=I_Rs-Ib
+
+printf("output voltage = %.3f V \n",Vout)
+printf("zener current = %.3f mA \n",Iz*1000)