initial commit / add all books

72 files changed, 1185 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/2321/CH1/EX1.1.1/EX1_1_1.sce b/2321/CH1/EX1.1.1/EX1_1_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0e01a6aad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH1/EX1.1.1/EX1_1_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Example No. 1.1.1

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',7);

+

+f1=100;//kHz

+f2=1;//MHz

+f3=10;//MHz

+c=3*10^8;//m/s

+lambda1=c/(f1*10^3);//m

+lambda2=c/(f2*10^6);//m

+lambda3=c/(f3*10^6);//m

+disp(lambda1/1000,"At 100kHz, wavelength(km) : ");

+disp(lambda2,"At 1MHz, wavelength(m) : ");

+disp(lambda3,"At 10MHz, wavelength(m) : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH10/EX10.10.1/EX10_10_1.sce b/2321/CH10/EX10.10.1/EX10_10_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..324128ed2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH10/EX10.10.1/EX10_10_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+//Example No. 10.10.1

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',7);

+Gain=8.5;//dB(Gain)

+tau=0.822;sigma=0.149;//for given gain

+alfa=2*atand((1-tau)/4/sigma);//degree

+fL=54;//MHz(Lower frequency)

+fU=216;//MHz(Upper frequency)

+c=3*10^8;//m/s(Speed of light)

+lambdaU=c/(fU*10^6);//m(Upper wavelength)

+lambdaL=c/(fL*10^6);//m(Lower wavelength)

+l1=lambdaU/2;//m(Length of element1)

+lN=lambdaL/2;//m(Length of longest element)

+l2=l1/tau;l3=l2/tau;l4=l3/tau;l5=l4/tau;l6=l5/tau;l7=l6/tau;l8=l7/tau;l9=l8/tau;//m(Length of elements)

+d1=2*sigma*l1;d2=2*sigma*l2;d3=2*sigma*l3;d4=2*sigma*l4;d5=2*sigma*l5;d6=2*sigma*l6;d7=2*sigma*l7;d8=2*sigma*l8;d9=2*sigma*l9;//meter(Spacing between elements)

+d=d1+d2+d3+d4+d5+d6+d7+d8+d9;//meter(total spacing)

+disp(lN,"Length(m) of longest element : ");

+disp(l1,"Length(m) of element1 : ");

+disp(l2,"Length(m) of element2 : ");

+disp(l3,"Length(m) of element3 : ");

+disp(l4,"Length(m) of element4 : ");

+disp(l5,"Length(m) of element5 : ");

+disp(l6,"Length(m) of element6 : ");

+disp(l7,"Length(m) of element7 : ");

+disp(l8,"Length(m) of element8 : ");

+disp(l9,"Length(m) of element9 : ");

+disp(d1,"Spacing(m) of element1 : ");

+disp(d2,"Spacing(m) of element2 : ");

+disp(d3,"Spacing(m) of element3 : ");

+disp(d4,"Spacing(m) of element4 : ");

+disp(d5,"Spacing(m) of element5 : ");

+disp(d6,"Spacing(m) of element6 : ");

+disp(d7,"Spacing(m) of element7 : ");

+disp(d8,"Spacing(m) of element8 : ");

+disp(d9,"Spacing(m) of element9 : ");

+disp(d,"Total Spacing length(m) : ");

+//Answer is not accurate in the book.

diff --git a/2321/CH10/EX10.10.2/EX10_10_2.sce b/2321/CH10/EX10.10.2/EX10_10_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0401fd99d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH10/EX10.10.2/EX10_10_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//Example No. 10.10.2

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',7);

+tau=0.895;//scale factor

+sigma=0.166;//(spacing factor)

+fU=30;//MHz(Upper frequency)

+fL=10;//MHz(Lower frequency)

+c=3*10^8;//m/s(Speed of light)

+lambdaU=c/(fU*10^6);//m(Upper wavelength)

+lambdaL=c/(fL*10^6);//m(Lower wavelength)

+l1=lambdaU/2;//m(Length of shortest element)

+disp(l1,"Length of shortest element, l1 in meter is  : ");

+l2=l1/tau;l3=l2/tau;l4=l3/tau;l4=l3/tau;l5=l4/tau;l6=l5/tau;l7=l6/tau;l8=l7/tau;l9=l8/tau;l10=l9/tau;l11=l10/tau;//m(Length of element)

+disp(l11,l10,l9,l8,l7,l6,l5,l4,l3,l2,"Other elements length(m) l2, l3, l4, l5, l6, l7, l8, l9, l10, l11 are : ");

+alfa=17.97;//degree(angle)

+R1=(l1/2)/tand(alfa/2);//m(Spacing between elements)

+R2=R1/tau;R3=R2/tau;R4=R3/tau;R4=R3/tau;R5=R4/tau;R6=R5/tau;R7=R6/tau;R8=R7/tau;R9=R8/tau;R10=R9/tau;R11=R10/tau;//m

+disp(R11,R10,R9,R8,R7,R6,R5,R4,R3,R2,R1,"Spacing between elements in meter R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8,R9, R10, R11 are : ");

+//Answer is not accurate in the book.

diff --git a/2321/CH10/EX10.5.1/EX10_5_1.sce b/2321/CH10/EX10.5.1/EX10_5_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..496f88302
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH10/EX10.5.1/EX10_5_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+//Example No. 10.5.1

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6);

+N=5;//no. of turns

+f=400;//MHz(Frequency)

+c=3*10^8;//m/s(Speed of light)

+lambda=c/(f*10^6);//m(Wavelength)

+disp("Part (i)");

+S=lambda/50;//m(Spacing between turns)

+S_BY_lambda=1/50;//(Spacing/wavelength)

+C_BY_lambda=sqrt(2*S_BY_lambda);//(Circumference/wavelength)

+disp("Circumference is "+string(C_BY_lambda)+"*lambda");

+C=sqrt(2*lambda*S);//m(Circumference)

+disp(C,"Circumference in meter : ");

+disp("Part (ii)");

+Lo_BY_lambda=sqrt(S_BY_lambda^2+C_BY_lambda^2);//(Length/wavelength)

+disp("Length of single turn is "+string(Lo_BY_lambda)+"*lambda");

+Lo=sqrt(S^2+C^2);//m(Length of single turn)

+disp(Lo,"Length of single turn in meter : ");

+disp("Part (iii)");

+Ln_BY_lambda=N*Lo_BY_lambda;//(Overall length/wavelength)

+disp("Overall Length is "+string(Ln_BY_lambda)+"*lambda");

+Ln=N*Lo;//m(Overall length)

+disp(Ln,"Overall Length in meter : ");

+disp("Part (iv)");

+alfa=atand(S/C);//degree(Pitch angle)

+disp(alfa,"Pitch angle, α in degree : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH10/EX10.5.2/EX10_5_2.sce b/2321/CH10/EX10.5.2/EX10_5_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..907733742
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH10/EX10.5.2/EX10_5_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+//Example No. 10.5.2

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6);

+N=5;//no. of turns

+f=300;//MHz(Frequency)

+c=3*10^8;//m/s(speed of light)

+disp("Part (i)");

+lambda=c/(f*10^6);//m(Wavelength)

+C_BY_lambda=1;//(Circumference/wavelength)

+disp("Near optimum circumference is "+string(C_BY_lambda)+"*lambda");

+C=lambda;//m(Circumference)

+disp(C,"Near optimum circumference in meter : ");

+disp("Part (ii)");

+alfa=14;//degree//(Pitch angle)//for near optimum

+S_BY_lambda=C_BY_lambda*tand(alfa);

+disp("Spacing is "+string(S_BY_lambda)+"*lambda");

+S=C*tand(alfa);//m(Spacing)

+disp(S,"Spacing in meter : ");

+disp("Part (iii)");

+Rin=140*C/lambda;//Ω(Input impedence)

+disp(Rin,"Input impedence in Ω : ");

+disp("Part (iv)");

+HPBW=52/(C/lambda*sqrt(N*S/lambda));//degree(HPBW)

+disp(HPBW,"HPBW in degree : ");

+disp("Part (v)");

+FNBW=115/(C/lambda*sqrt(N*S/lambda));//degree(FNBW)

+disp(FNBW,"FNBW in degree : ");

+disp("Part (vi)");

+Do=15*(C/lambda)^2*N*(S/lambda);//unitless////Directivity

+disp(Do,"Directivity(unitless) : ");

+Do_dB=10*log10(Do);//dB(Directivity)

+disp(Do_dB,"Directivity in dB : ");

+disp("Part (vii)");

+AR=(2*N+1)/2/N;//axial ratio

+disp(AR,"Axial ratio : ");

+disp("Part (viii)");

+Rin=140*(C/lambda);//Ω(Input impedence)

+//50 Ω line

+Zo=50;//Ω(Output impedence)

+Tau=(Rin-Zo)/(Rin+Zo);//Scaling factor

+VSWR=(1+Tau)/(1-Tau);//(VSWR)

+disp(VSWR,"VSWR for 50Ω line : ");

+//75 Ω line

+Zo=75;//Ω(Output impedence)

+Tau=(Rin-Zo)/(Rin+Zo);//Scaling factor

+VSWR=(1+Tau)/(1-Tau);//(VSWR)

+disp(VSWR,"VSWR for 75Ω line : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH10/EX10.5.3/EX10_5_3.sce b/2321/CH10/EX10.5.3/EX10_5_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f0d16fffb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH10/EX10.5.3/EX10_5_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+//Example No. 10.5.3

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6);

+HPBW=39;//degree(HPBW)

+alfa=12.5;//degree(Pitch angle)

+f=475;//MHz(Frequency)

+c=3*10^8;//m/s(Speed of light)

+lambda=c/(f*10^6);//m(Wavelength)

+C=lambda;//m(Circumference)

+disp("Part (i)");

+//it is in axial mode as 3/4*lambda<C<4/3*lambda

+S=C*tand(alfa);//meter(Spacing)

+N=52^2/HPBW^2/(S/lambda)/(C/lambda)^2;//turns

+disp(round(N),"Number of turns : ");

+disp("Part (ii)");

+N=round(N);//turns

+Do=15*(C/lambda)^2*N*(S/lambda);//unitless(Directivity)

+Do_dB=10*log10(Do);//dB(Directivity)

+disp(Do_dB,"Directivity in decibels : ");

+disp("Part (iii)");

+AR=(2*N+1)/2/N;//axial ratio

+disp(AR,"Axial ratio : ");

+disp("Part (iv)");

+//3/4*lambda<C<4/3*lambda

+lambda1=C/(3/4);//meter(Wavelength)

+lambda2=C/(4/3);//meter(Wavelength)

+f1=c/lambda1;//Hz(Frequency)

+f2=c/lambda2;//Hz(Frequency)

+disp("Frequency range is "+string(f1/10^6)+" MHz to "+string(f2/10^6)+" MHz.")

+disp("Part (v)");

+//At  design frequency

+Rin=140*C/lambda;//Ω(Input impedence)

+disp(Rin,"At design frequency, Input impedence in Ω is : ");

+//3/4*lambda<C<4/3*lambda

+//At high frequency end

+Rin=140*C/lambda2;//Ω(Input impedence)

+disp(Rin,"At high frequency end, Input impedence in Ω is : ");

+//At low frequency end

+Rin=140*C/lambda1;//Ω(Input impedence)

+disp(Rin,"At low frequency end, Input impedence in Ω is : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH10/EX10.5.4/EX10_5_4.sce b/2321/CH10/EX10.5.4/EX10_5_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e6b0fd840
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH10/EX10.5.4/EX10_5_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+//Example No. 10.5.4

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6);

+Do_dB=14;//dB(Directivity)

+f=2.4;//GHz(Frequency)

+c=3*10^8;//m/s(Speed of light)

+lambda=c/(f*10^6);//m(Wavelength)

+Do=10^(Do_dB/10);//unitless(Directivity)

+C=lambda;//m////for optimum result(Circumference)

+alfa=14;//degree;////for optimum result(Pitch angle)

+S=C*tand(alfa);//m(Spacing)

+N=Do/15/(C/lambda)^2/(S/lambda);//turns

+N=round(N);//turns

+Rin=140*C/lambda;//Ω(Input impedence)

+disp(Rin,"Input impedence in Ω is : ");

+HPBW=52/(C/lambda*sqrt(N*S/lambda));//degree

+disp(HPBW,"HPBW in degree : ");

+format('v',4);

+FNBW=115/(C/lambda*sqrt(N*S/lambda));//degree

+disp(FNBW,"FNBW in degree : ");

+AR=(2*N+1)/2/N;//(Axial ratio)

+disp(AR,"Axial ratio : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH10/EX10.8.1/EX10_8_1.sce b/2321/CH10/EX10.8.1/EX10_8_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..97a1040bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH10/EX10.8.1/EX10_8_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//Example No. 10.8.1

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',8);

+f=10;//MHz(Frequency)

+c=3*10^8;//m/s(Speed of light)

+lambda=c/(f*10^6);//m(Wavelength)

+d0=10^-3*lambda;//m(spacing)

+Lo=1*lambda;//m(Length)

+fi=%pi;fi0=0;//radian

+r0=d0/2;//m

+disp("Part (i)");

+//R=r0*exp(a*fi-a*fi0);//m

+//a=sqrt(1/Lo^2/(R-r0)^2-1);//per adian

+a=1.166;//rad^-1(by above equation)

+disp(a,"Rate of spiral in rad^-1 : ");

+R_BY_lambda=r0/lambda*exp(a*2*%pi);//m(Radius/wavelength)

+disp("Radius of terminal point is "+string(R_BY_lambda)+"*lambda");

+disp("Part (ii)");

+R=r0*exp(a*2*%pi);//m(Radius)

+disp(R,"Radius at terminal point in meter : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH10/EX10.8.2/EX10_8_2.sce b/2321/CH10/EX10.8.2/EX10_8_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b3bcb5551
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH10/EX10.8.2/EX10_8_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//Example No. 10.8.2

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',5);

+fU=900;//MHz(Upper frequency)

+fL=450;//MHz(Lower frequency)

+c=3*10^8;//m/s(Speed of light)

+lambdaU=c/(fU*10^6);//m(Upper wavelength)

+lambdaL=c/(fL*10^6);//m(Lower wavelength)

+Exp_ratio=4;//expansion ratio

+a=log(Exp_ratio)/(2*%pi);//rad^-1////rate of spiral

+Beta=atand(1/a);//degree

+r0=lambdaU/4;//meter////minimum radius

+disp(r0*100,"Minimum radius in cm : ");

+R=lambdaL/4;//meter////minimum radius

+disp(R*100,"Maximum radius in cm : ");

+fi_m=log(R/r0)/a;//radian

+fi_m=fi_m*180/%pi;//degree

+disp(fi_m,"Φm in degree is ");

+N=1/2;//for Φm=180;//degree

+disp(N,"Number of turns, N is  ");

diff --git a/2321/CH11/EX11.9.1/EX11_9_1.sce b/2321/CH11/EX11.9.1/EX11_9_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0ead9a0fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH11/EX11.9.1/EX11_9_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Example No. 11.9.1

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',7);

+fr=10;//GHz(center frequency)

+fr=fr*10^9;//Hz(center frequency)

+epsilon_r=10.2;//(constant)

+h=0.127;//cm(height of sustrate)

+c=3*10^10;//cm/s(Speed of light)

+W=c/2/fr*sqrt(2/(epsilon_r+1));//cm(Physical dimension)

+epsilon_reff=(epsilon_r+1)/2+(epsilon_r-1)/2*[1+12*h/W]^(-1/2);//(effective constant)

+delta_L=h*0.412*(epsilon_reff+0.3)*(W/h+0.264)/[(epsilon_reff-0.258)*(W/h+0.8)];//cm(distance)

+L=c/2/fr/sqrt(epsilon_reff)-2*delta_L;//cm(distance)

+disp(L,W,"Design values of W & L(in cm) are :  ");

diff --git a/2321/CH12/EX12.9.1/EX12_9_1.sce b/2321/CH12/EX12.9.1/EX12_9_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b618c821f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH12/EX12.9.1/EX12_9_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Example No. 12.9.1

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6);

+D=2;//m(Diameter)

+f=6000;//MHz(Frequency)

+c=3*10^8;//m/s////speed of light

+lambda=c/(f*10^6);//m(Wavelength)

+FNBW=140*lambda/D;//degree

+disp(FNBW,"First null beam width(FNBW in degree) : ");

+GP=6*(D/lambda)^2;//unitless(Power gain)

+GP_dB=10*log10(GP);//dB(Power gain)

+disp(GP_dB,"Power Gain in dB : ");

+//Ans in the book is not accurate.

diff --git a/2321/CH12/EX12.9.2/EX12_9_2.sce b/2321/CH12/EX12.9.2/EX12_9_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6c7163ce8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH12/EX12.9.2/EX12_9_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//Example No. 12.9.2

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',5);

+GP=1000;//unitless(Power gain)

+lambda=10;//cm(Wavelength)

+D=sqrt(GP/6)*(lambda/100);//m(Diameter)

+disp(D,"Diameter of mouth in meter : ");

+HPBW=58*(lambda/100)/D;//degree(HPBW)

+disp(HPBW,"Half power beam width(HPBW in degree) : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH12/EX12.9.3/EX12_9_3.sce b/2321/CH12/EX12.9.3/EX12_9_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fb2f35338
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH12/EX12.9.3/EX12_9_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//Example No. 12.9.3

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6);

+D=6;//meter(Diameter)

+f=10;//GHz(Frequency)

+c=3*10^8;//m/s////speed of light

+lambda=c/(f*10^9);//m(Wavelength)

+GP=6*(D/lambda)^2;//unitless(Power gain)

+GP_dB=10*log10(GP);//dB(Power gain)

+disp(GP_dB,"Gain in dB : ");

+FNBW=140*lambda/D;//degree(FNBW)

+disp(FNBW,"FNBW in degree : ");

+HPBW=58*lambda/D;//degree(HPBW)

+disp(HPBW,"HPBW in degree : ");

+K=0.65;//constant

+Ao=K*%pi/4*D^2;//m²(Capture area)

+disp(Ao,"Capture area in m² : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH13/EX13.4.1/EX13_4_1.sce b/2321/CH13/EX13.4.1/EX13_4_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3e02945f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH13/EX13.4.1/EX13_4_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//Example No. 13.4.1

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',7);

+Pr1=0.0297/1000;//W(Recieved power)

+Pr2=0.0471/1000;//W(Recieved power)

+Pr3=0.0374/1000;//W(Recieved power)

+Pt=1;//W(Transmitted power)

+R=10;//m(Radius)

+f=980;//MHz(Frequency)

+f=f*10^6;//Hz(Frequency)

+c=3*10^8;//m/s(Speed of light)

+lambda=c/f;//m(Wavelength)

+A=20*log10(4*%pi*R/lambda)+10*log10(Pr1/Pt);//(A=G1dB+G2dB)

+B=20*log10(4*%pi*R/lambda)+10*log10(Pr2/Pt);//(B=G1dB+G3dB)

+C=20*log10(4*%pi*R/lambda)+10*log10(Pr3/Pt);//(C=G2dB+G3dB)

+G1dB=(A+B-C)/2;

+G2dB=(A-B+C)/2;

+G3dB=(-A+B+C)/2;

+disp(round(G3dB),round(G2dB),round(G1dB),"Gain of antennas, G1db, G2dB & G3dB(in dB) are :  ");

diff --git a/2321/CH14/EX14.10.1/EX14_10_1.sce b/2321/CH14/EX14.10.1/EX14_10_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f0ab26149
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH14/EX14.10.1/EX14_10_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//Example No. 14.10.1

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',7);

+ht=100;//m(transmitter height)

+hr=100;//m(receiver height)

+d=3.57*[sqrt(ht)+sqrt(hr)];//km(Range)

+disp(d,"Range of space wave propagation in km : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH14/EX14.10.2/EX14_10_2.sce b/2321/CH14/EX14.10.2/EX14_10_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c61617141
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH14/EX14.10.2/EX14_10_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//Example No. 14.10.2

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6);

+ht=100;//feet(transmitter height)

+hr=50;//feet(receiver height)

+d=1.4142*[sqrt(ht)+sqrt(hr)];//miles(Range)

+disp(d,"Radio horizon in miles : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH14/EX14.10.3/EX14_10_3.sce b/2321/CH14/EX14.10.3/EX14_10_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..36792630b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH14/EX14.10.3/EX14_10_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//Example No. 14.10.3

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6);

+ht=80;//m(transmitter height)

+hr=50;//m(receiver height)

+d=4.12*[sqrt(ht)+sqrt(hr)];//km(Range)

+disp(d,"Maximum distance in km : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH14/EX14.10.4/EX14_10_4.sce b/2321/CH14/EX14.10.4/EX14_10_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a5ce4aaaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH14/EX14.10.4/EX14_10_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//Example No. 14.10.4

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6);

+ht=100;//m(transmitter height)

+d=80;//km(receiver height)

+hr=(d/4.12-sqrt(ht))^2;//m(range)

+disp(hr,"Required height of receiving antenna in meter : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH14/EX14.10.5/EX14_10_5.sce b/2321/CH14/EX14.10.5/EX14_10_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..01ba32b83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH14/EX14.10.5/EX14_10_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//Example No. 14.10.5

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6);

+ht=100;//m(transmitter height)

+d=4.12*sqrt(ht);//km(Horizon distance)

+disp(d,"Horizon distance in km : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH14/EX14.10.6/EX14_10_6.sce b/2321/CH14/EX14.10.6/EX14_10_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ebbd48688
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH14/EX14.10.6/EX14_10_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Example No. 14.10.6

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6);

+P=35;//W(Transmitter power

+ht=45;//m(transmitter height)

+hr=25;//m(receiver height)

+f=90;//MHz(frequency)

+c=3*10^8;//m/s(Speed of light)

+d=4.12*[sqrt(ht)+sqrt(hr)];//km(line of sight distance)

+disp(d,"Distance of line of sight communication in km : ");

+lambda=c/(f*10^6);//m(Wavelength)

+ER=88*sqrt(P)*ht*hr/(lambda*(d*1000)^2);//V/m(Field strength)

+disp(ER*10^6,"Field strength in micro Volt/meter : ");

+//Answer is wrong in the textbook.

diff --git a/2321/CH14/EX14.6.1/EX14_6_1.sce b/2321/CH14/EX14.6.1/EX14_6_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6ed174029
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH14/EX14.6.1/EX14_6_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//Example No. 14.6.1

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',7);

+d=36000;//km(height of satellite)

+f=4000;//MHz(frequency)

+GT=20;//dB(Transmitter gain)

+GR=40;//dB(Reciever gain)

+PT=200;//W(Transmitted power)

+PT=10*log10(PT);//dB(Transmitted power)

+disp("Part (i)");

+Ls=32.44+20*log10(f)+20*log10(d);//dB(Free space transmission loss)

+disp(Ls,"Free space transmission loss in dB : ");

+disp("Part (ii)");

+PT=200;//W(Transmitted power)

+PT_dB=10*log10(PT);//dB(Transmitted power)

+PR_dB=PT_dB+GT+GR-Ls;//dB(Recieved power)

+PR=10^(PR_dB/10);//W(Recieved power)

+disp(PR*10^12,"Received power in pW : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH14/EX14.6.2/EX14_6_2.sce b/2321/CH14/EX14.6.2/EX14_6_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5011a79b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH14/EX14.6.2/EX14_6_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Example No. 14.6.2

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',7);

+f=150;//MHz(frequency)

+c=3*10^8;//m/s(speed of light)

+GT=1.64;//dB(Transmitter gain)

+PT=20;//W(Transmitted power)

+d=50;//km(distance)

+lambda=c/(f*10^6);//m(Wavelength)

+E=sqrt(30*GT*PT)/(d*1000);//V/m(emf induced)

+le=lambda/%pi;//m(Effective length)

+Voc=E*le;//V/m(Open circuit voltage)

+disp(Voc*10^6,"Open circuit voltage in micro Volt : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH15/EX15.12.1/EX15_12_1.sce b/2321/CH15/EX15.12.1/EX15_12_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..de25368b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH15/EX15.12.1/EX15_12_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//Example No. 15.12.1

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',7);

+

+d=2000;//km

+H=200;//km

+fc=6;//MHz

+f_MUF=fc*sqrt(1+(d/2/H)^2);//MHz

+disp(f_MUF,"MUF in MHz : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH15/EX15.13.1/EX15_13_1.sce b/2321/CH15/EX15.13.1/EX15_13_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4eaf77ab4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH15/EX15.13.1/EX15_13_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//Example No. 15.13.1

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',8);

+

+Eta=0.9;//refractive index

+f_MUF=10;//MHz

+H=400;//km

+Nm=(1-Eta^2)*(f_MUF*10^6)^2/81;//per m^3

+fc=9*sqrt(Nm);//Hz

+Dskip=2*H*sqrt((f_MUF*10^6/fc)^2-1);//km

+disp(Dskip,"Skip distance or range in km : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH15/EX15.8.1/EX15_8_1.sce b/2321/CH15/EX15.8.1/EX15_8_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..15097bd6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH15/EX15.8.1/EX15_8_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//Example No. 15.8.1

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',11);

+fc_E=2.5;//MHz(critical frequency of E-layer)

+fc_F=8.4;//MHz(critical frequency of F-layer)

+disp("For E-layer : ");

+Nm=(fc_E*10^6)^2/81;//per m^3(Maximum electron density)

+disp(Nm,"Maximum electron density  in per m^3 : ");

+disp("For F-layer : ");

+Nm=(fc_F*10^6)^2/81;//per m^3(Maximum electron density)

+disp(Nm,"Maximum electron density  in per m^3 : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH15/EX15.8.2/EX15_8_2.sce b/2321/CH15/EX15.8.2/EX15_8_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f69d6a5c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH15/EX15.8.2/EX15_8_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//Example No. 15.8.2

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6);

+Nm_D=400;//electron/cm^3(Maximum electron density)

+Nm_E=5*10^5;//electron/cm^3(Maximum electron density)

+Nm_F=2*10^6;//electron/cm^3(Maximum electron density)

+fc_D=9*sqrt(Nm_D);//kHz(critical frequency of D-layer)

+disp(fc_D,"Critical frequency for D-layer in kHz : ");

+fc_E=9*sqrt(Nm_E);//kHz(critical frequency of E-layer)

+disp(fc_E/1000,"Critical frequency for E-layer in MHz : ");

+fc_F=9*sqrt(Nm_F);//kHz(critical frequency of F-layer)

+disp(fc_F/1000,"Critical frequency for F-layer in MHz : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH15/EX15.8.3/EX15_8_3.sce b/2321/CH15/EX15.8.3/EX15_8_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cbf23ea32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH15/EX15.8.3/EX15_8_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//Example No. 15.8.3

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',7);

+Eta=0.5;//(refractive index)

+N=400;//electron/cm^3(Electron density)

+f=sqrt(81*N/(1-Eta^2));//kHz(frequency)

+disp(f,"Frequency in kHz : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH15/EX15.9.1/EX15_9_1.sce b/2321/CH15/EX15.9.1/EX15_9_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0f6a53984
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH15/EX15.9.1/EX15_9_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//Example No. 15.9.1

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',7);

+T=5;//milli-seconds(time period)

+c=3*10^8;//m/s///speed of light

+H=1/2*c*T*10^-3;//m(Virtual height)

+disp(H/1000,"Virtual height in km : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH3/EX3.10.1/EX3_10_1.sce b/2321/CH3/EX3.10.1/EX3_10_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9efcc8654
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH3/EX3.10.1/EX3_10_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Example No. 3.10.1

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6);

+

+K=90;//%//radiation efficiency

+Pin=10;//W

+Prad=(K/100)*Pin;//W

+disp(Prad,"Radiated power in Watts : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH3/EX3.11.1/EX3_11_1.sce b/2321/CH3/EX3.11.1/EX3_11_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bcbcb12f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH3/EX3.11.1/EX3_11_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//Example No. 3.11.1

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6);

+

+D=20;//Directivity

+K=90;//%//radiation efficiency

+G=(K/100)*D;//Gain

+GdB=10*log10(G);//dB

+disp(GdB,"Gain in dB : ");

+//Answer is not calculated in the book.

diff --git a/2321/CH3/EX3.11.2/EX3_11_2.sce b/2321/CH3/EX3.11.2/EX3_11_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..46d2eefc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH3/EX3.11.2/EX3_11_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//Example No. 3.11.2

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',7);

+Rr=72;//Ω

+RL=8;//Ω

+G=16;//Gain

+K=Rr/(Rr+RL)*100;//%//radiation efficiency

+D=G/(K/100);//Directivity

+DdB=10*log10(D);//dB

+disp(DdB,"Directivity in dB : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH3/EX3.13.1/EX3_13_1.sce b/2321/CH3/EX3.13.1/EX3_13_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e6f210287
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH3/EX3.13.1/EX3_13_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//Example No. 3.13.1

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6);

+Irms=15;//A(Current Drawn)

+Prad=5;//kW(Radiated Power)

+Rr=Prad*10^3/Irms^2;//Ω(Radiation Resistance)

+disp(Rr,"Radiation resistance in Ω : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH3/EX3.13.2/EX3_13_2.sce b/2321/CH3/EX3.13.2/EX3_13_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f76d7ef43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH3/EX3.13.2/EX3_13_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//Example No. 3.13.2

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',4);

+Prad=1000;//W(Radiated Power)

+Rr=300;//Ω(Radiation Resistance)

+Irms=sqrt(Prad/Rr);//A(Current Drawn)

+disp(Irms,"Current drawn in A : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH3/EX3.13.3/EX3_13_3.sce b/2321/CH3/EX3.13.3/EX3_13_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ad3baad17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH3/EX3.13.3/EX3_13_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Example No. 3.13.3

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',5);

+Rr=73;//Ω(Radiation Resistance)

+Z=120*%pi;//Ω(For free space)

+//le=lambda/%pi

+AemBYlambda_sqr=(1/%pi)^2*Z/(4*Rr);

+disp("Maximum effective aperture in m² is "+string(AemBYlambda_sqr)+"*lambda²");

diff --git a/2321/CH3/EX3.13.4/EX3_13_4.sce b/2321/CH3/EX3.13.4/EX3_13_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ceb52ba4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH3/EX3.13.4/EX3_13_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//Example No. 3.13.4

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',7);

+

+Rr=73;//Ω

+Z=120*%pi;//Ω(For free space)

+//Aem=0.13*lambda²

+AemBylambda_sqr=0.13;

+leBYlambda=2*sqrt(AemBylambda_sqr*Rr)/sqrt(Z);

+disp("Effective length in meter is "+string(leBYlambda)+"*lambda");

diff --git a/2321/CH3/EX3.15.1/EX3_15_1.sce b/2321/CH3/EX3.15.1/EX3_15_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5dc52f845
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH3/EX3.15.1/EX3_15_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Example No. 3.15.1

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',4);

+

+cos_si_p=1/sqrt(2);

+PLF=cos_si_p^2;//Polarization Loss factor

+PLFdB=10*log10(PLF);//dB

+disp(PLFdB,"Power loss factor in dB : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH3/EX3.16.1/EX3_16_1.sce b/2321/CH3/EX3.16.1/EX3_16_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c018ff376
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH3/EX3.16.1/EX3_16_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Example No. 3.16.1

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',9);

+

+Do_dB=20;//dB

+f=10;//GHz

+Wi=2*10^-3;//W/m²

+c=3*10^8;//m/s

+lambda=c/(f*10^9);//m

+Do=10^(Do_dB/10);//unitless

+Aem=lambda^2/(4*%pi)*Do;//m²

+disp(Aem,"Maximum effective aperture in m² : ");

+Pr=Aem*Wi;//W

+disp(Pr*10^6,"Maximum received power in µW : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH3/EX3.16.2/EX3_16_2.sce b/2321/CH3/EX3.16.2/EX3_16_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..89124a162
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH3/EX3.16.2/EX3_16_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Example No. 3.16.2

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6);

+ecd=1;//for lossless antenna

+Aem=2.147;//m²(Maximum Effective aperture)

+Zin=75;//Ω(Input impedence)

+Zo=50;//Ω(Output impedence)

+f=100;//MHz(Operating frequency)

+c=3*10^8;//m/s(speed f light)

+aw_aa=1;//For no polarization loss

+lambda=c/(f*10^6);//m(Wavelength)

+Tau=(Zin-Zo)/(Zin+Zo);//(Reflection Coefficient)

+Do=Aem/(ecd*(1-Tau^2)*lambda^2/(4*%pi)/aw_aa^2);//unitless(Directivity)

+disp(Do,"Directivity of antenna : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH3/EX3.17.1/EX3_17_1.sce b/2321/CH3/EX3.17.1/EX3_17_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b25c642fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH3/EX3.17.1/EX3_17_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Example No. 3.17.1

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',11);

+PT=15;//W(Transmitted Power)

+AeT=0.2;//m²(Effective aperture)

+AeR=0.5;//m²(Effective aperture)

+f=5;//GHz(frequency)

+r=15;//km(line of sight distance)

+c=3*10^8;//m/s(Speed of light)

+lambda=c/(f*10^9);//m(Wavelength)

+PR=PT*AeT*AeR/((r*1000)^2*lambda^2);//Watts(Power delivered to reciever)

+disp(PR,"Power delivered to receiver in Watts : ");

+//Answer is wrong in the book. lambda is 0.6 instead of 0.06 and lambda^2 is 0.06 instead of 0.0036

diff --git a/2321/CH3/EX3.17.2/EX3_17_2.sce b/2321/CH3/EX3.17.2/EX3_17_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b59aa8edb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH3/EX3.17.2/EX3_17_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Example No. 3.17.2

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6);

+DT=20;//dB(Transmitter Directivity)

+DR=20;//dB(Reciever Directivity)

+PT=10;//W(Transmitted Power)

+ecdT=1;ecdR=1;//(For lossless antenna)

+aT_aR=1;//(For polarization match)

+DT=10^(DT/10);//unitless(Transmitter Directivity)

+DR=10^(DR/10);//unitless(Reciever Directivity)

+Tau_T=0;Tau_R=0;//(Reflection coefficient)

+rBYlambda=50;//m

+PR=PT*ecdT*ecdR*(1-Tau_T^2)*(1-Tau_R^2)/(4*%pi*rBYlambda)^2*DT*DR*aT_aR^2;//Watts(Power delivered to reciever)

+disp(PR,"Power at receiving antenna in Watts : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH3/EX3.17.3/EX3_17_3.sce b/2321/CH3/EX3.17.3/EX3_17_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..76329956c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH3/EX3.17.3/EX3_17_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//Example No. 3.17.3

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',9);

+f=3;//GHz

+c=3*10^8;//m/s(Speed of light)

+lambda=c/(f*10^9);//m(wavelength)

+r=500;//m(distance)

+PT=100;//W(Transmitted Power)

+GT=25;//dB(Transmitter Gain)

+GR=20;//dB(Reciever Gain)

+GT=10^(GT/10);//unitless(Transmitter Gain)

+GR=10^(GR/10);//unitless(Reciever Gain)

+PLF=1;aT_aR=1;//(For polarization match)

+PR=PT*(lambda/4/%pi/r)^2*GT*GR*aT_aR^2;//Watts(Power delivered to reciever)

+disp(PR,"Power delivered to load  in Watts : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH3/EX3.3.1/EX3_3_1.sce b/2321/CH3/EX3.3.1/EX3_3_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e9b1a214a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH3/EX3.3.1/EX3_3_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//Example No. 3.3.1

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',7);

+E_theta=1/sqrt(2);//Electric Field at half power

+//theta=thetaHP/2;//E(thetaHP/2)=cosd(thetaHP/2)

+thetaHP=2*acosd(E_theta);//degree(Half power beam width)

+disp(thetaHP,"Half power beam width(degree) : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH3/EX3.3.2/EX3_3_2.sce b/2321/CH3/EX3.3.2/EX3_3_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6c6945e1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH3/EX3.3.2/EX3_3_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//Example No. 3.3.2

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',7);

+E_theta=1/sqrt(2);//Electric field at theta=90-thetaHP/2

+//E(90-thetaHP/2)=sind(90-thetaHP/2)

+thetaHP=2*(90-asind(E_theta));//degree(HPBW)

+disp(thetaHP,"HPBW(degree) : ");

+theta1=0;theta2=180;//degree(Pattern angles)

+FNBW=theta2-theta1;//degree(FNBW)//as E is zero at these points

+disp(FNBW,"FNBW(degree) : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH3/EX3.3.3/EX3_3_3.sce b/2321/CH3/EX3.3.3/EX3_3_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..26871e431
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH3/EX3.3.3/EX3_3_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//Example No. 3.3.3

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',7);

+E_theta=1/sqrt(2);//Elecric field at half power point

+//E(thetaHP/2)=(cosd(thetaHP/2))^2

+thetaHP=2*(acosd(sqrt(E_theta)));//degree(HPBW)

+disp(thetaHP,"Half Power Beam Width(degree) : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH3/EX3.8.1/EX3_8_1.sce b/2321/CH3/EX3.8.1/EX3_8_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..018f196da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH3/EX3.8.1/EX3_8_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Example No. 3.8.1

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6);

+theta1=0;theta2=%pi/2;//radian(Angles)

+fi1=0;fi2=2*%pi;//radian(Angles)

+//Prad=integrate('integrate('U','thheta',theta1,theta2)','fi',fi1,fi2);

+Prad_BY_Um=%pi*(1/2)*(cos(2*theta1)-cos(2*theta2));//(Power radiated/Max intensity)

+Do=4*%pi/Prad_BY_Um;//Exact Directivity

+disp(Do,"Exact Directivity : ");

+//Um*Cosd(thetaHP/2)=0.5*Um

+thetaHP=2*acosd(0.5);//degree(HPBW)

+fiHP=thetaHP;//degree(HPBW)

+Do=41253/(thetaHP*fiHP);//Approximate Directivity

+disp(Do,"Approximate Directivity : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH4/EX4.2.1/EX4_2_1.sce b/2321/CH4/EX4.2.1/EX4_2_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c76cef1a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH4/EX4.2.1/EX4_2_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+//Example No. 4.2.1

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',7);

+l=5;//cm(length of antenna)

+f=100;//MHz(operating frequency)

+Io=120;//mA(Terminal current)

+t=1;//s(time)

+theta=45;//degree(Angle)

+r=3;//m(radius)

+c=3*10^8;//m/s////Speed of light

+omega=2*%pi*f*10^6;//rad/sec(rotation)

+k=omega/c;//rad/m(Phase constant)

+kr=2*%pi*r/3;//degree(Phase constant)

+Er=Io*10^-3*l*10^-2/(2*%pi*r^2)*cosd(theta)*120*%pi*[1+1/(%i*kr)]*exp(-%i*kr+%i*omega*t);//V/m(Electric field)

+Er=Er*1000;//mV/m(Electric field)

+Er_mag=abs(Er);//mV/m(magnitude of Er)

+Er_angle=atand(imag(Er),real(Er));//degree(angle of Er)

+disp(Er_angle,Er_mag,"Value of Er : magnitude(mV/m) and angle in degree : ");

+Etheta=Io*10^-3*l*10^-2/(4*%pi*r)*sind(theta)*120*%pi*%i*k*[1+1/(%i*kr)+1/(%i*kr)^2]*exp(-%i*kr+%i*omega*t);//V/m(Electric field)

+Etheta_mag=abs(Etheta);//V/m(magnitude of Etheta)

+Etheta_angle=atand(imag(Etheta),real(Etheta));//degree(angle of Etheta)

+disp(Etheta_angle,Etheta_mag,"Value of Etheta : magnitude(V/m) and angle in degree : ");

+Hfi=Io*10^-3*l*10^-2/(4*%pi*r)*sind(theta)*%i*k*[1+1/(%i*kr)]*exp(-%i*kr+%i*omega*t);//A/m(Magnetic field)

+Hfi_mag=abs(Hfi);//A/m(magnitude of Hfi)

+Hfi_angle=atand(imag(Hfi),real(Hfi));//degree(angle of Hfi)

+disp(Hfi_angle,Hfi_mag,"Value of HΦ : magnitude(A/m) and angle in degree : ");

+//Answer is not accurate in the book.

diff --git a/2321/CH4/EX4.5.1/EX4_5_1.sce b/2321/CH4/EX4.5.1/EX4_5_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..900c713dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH4/EX4.5.1/EX4_5_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//Example No. 4.5.1

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6);

+f=500;//MHz(Operating Frequency)

+Do=1.643;//for half wave dipole

+c=3*10^8;//m/s////Speed of light

+lambda=c/(f*10^6);//m(Wavelength)

+Aem=lambda^2/(4*%pi)*Do;//m²(Effective area)

+disp(Aem,"Effective area in m² : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH4/EX4.6.1/EX4_6_1.sce b/2321/CH4/EX4.6.1/EX4_6_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fbc241adf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH4/EX4.6.1/EX4_6_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Example No. 4.6.1

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6);

+

+l=1;//m

+Prad=4;//W

+f=1.5;//MHz

+c=3*10^8;//m/s////Speed of light

+lambda=c/(f*10^6);//m

+//here l/lambda<1/50 tells us it is a Hertzian monopole antenna

+h=1;//m

+Rr=40*%pi^2*(h/lambda)^2;//mΩ

+Io=sqrt(2*Prad/Rr);//A

+disp(Io,"Current required in A : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH4/EX4.9.1/EX4_9_1.sce b/2321/CH4/EX4.9.1/EX4_9_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2c3daacb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH4/EX4.9.1/EX4_9_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Example No. 4.9.1

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6);

+

+le=100;//m

+Irms=450;//A

+f=40000;//Hz

+c=3*10^8;//m/s////Speed of light

+lambda=c/f;//m

+P=160*%pi^2*(le/lambda)^2*Irms^2;//mW

+Rr=160*%pi^2*(le/lambda)^2;//Ω

+disp(P*10^-3,"Power radiated in W : ");

+disp(Rr,"Radiation resistance in Ω : ");

+//Answer wrong for radiation resistance in the book.

diff --git a/2321/CH4/EX4.9.2/EX4_9_2.sce b/2321/CH4/EX4.9.2/EX4_9_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c7e699cf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH4/EX4.9.2/EX4_9_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//Example No. 4.9.2

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6);

+

+le=61.4;//m

+Irms=50;//A

+lambda=625;//m

+P=160*%pi^2*(le/lambda)^2*Irms^2;//kW

+Rr=160*%pi^2*(le/lambda)^2;//Ω

+disp(P*10^-3,"Power radiated in kW : ");

+disp(Rr,"Radiation resistance in Ω : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH4/EX4.9.3/EX4_9_3.sce b/2321/CH4/EX4.9.3/EX4_9_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..77eb02ada
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH4/EX4.9.3/EX4_9_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Example No. 4.9.3

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',5);

+le=10;//m(effective length)

+Irms=450;//A(rms current)

+Rl=1.5;//Ω(resistance)

+f=50;//kHz(Operating frequency)

+c=3*10^8;//m/s////Speed of light

+lambda=c/(f*10^3);//m(Wavelength)

+P=160*%pi^2*(le/lambda)^2*Irms^2;//kW(Power)

+P=P*1000;//W(Power)

+Rr=160*%pi^2*(le/lambda)^2;//Ω(Radiation resistance)

+Eta=Rr/(Rr+Rl)*100;//%(Efficiency)

+disp(Eta,"Efficiency of antenna in % : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH4/EX4.9.4/EX4_9_4.sce b/2321/CH4/EX4.9.4/EX4_9_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d7a3447d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH4/EX4.9.4/EX4_9_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//Example No. 4.9.4

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6);

+//l=lambda/8

+lBYlambda=1/8;//(length/Wavelength)

+Rr=80*%pi^2*(lBYlambda)^2;//Ω(Radiation resistance)

+disp(Rr,"Radiation resistance in Ω : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH4/EX4.9.5/EX4_9_5.sce b/2321/CH4/EX4.9.5/EX4_9_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dc5fadc44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH4/EX4.9.5/EX4_9_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//Example No. 4.9.5

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6);

+L=1;//m(Length of element)

+f=10;//MHz(Operating frequency)

+c=3*10^8;//m/s////Speed of light

+lambda=c/(f*10^6);//m(Wavelength)

+Rr=80*%pi^2*(L/lambda)^2;//Ω(Radiation resistance)

+disp(Rr,"Radiation resistance in Ω : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH6/EX6.10.1/EX6_10_1.sce b/2321/CH6/EX6.10.1/EX6_10_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3fa2ab27e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH6/EX6.10.1/EX6_10_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Example No. 6.10.1

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6);

+n=10;//no. of elements

+//d=lambda/4;(spacing)

+dBYlambda=1/4;///(Spacing/wavelength)

+//Broadside array

+D=2*n*dBYlambda;//unitless(Directivity)

+D=10*log10(D);//dB(Directivity)

+disp(D,"Directivity for broadside array in dB : ");

+//Endfire array

+D=4*n*dBYlambda;//unitless(Directivity)

+D=10*log10(D);//dB(Directivity)

+disp(D,"Directivity for Ordinary endfire array in dB : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH6/EX6.10.2/EX6_10_2.sce b/2321/CH6/EX6.10.2/EX6_10_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..765355076
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH6/EX6.10.2/EX6_10_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//Example No. 6.10.2

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6);

+D=20;//dB(Directivity)

+//d=lambda/4;(spacing)

+dBYlambda=1/4;//(spacing/wavelength)

+D=10^(D/10);//unitless(Directivity)

+n=D/4/dBYlambda;//no. of elements

+disp(n,"(i) No. of elements : ");

+LBYlambda=(n-1)*dBYlambda;//(length/wavelength)

+disp("(ii) Length of the array is "+string(LBYlambda)+"*lambda");

+HPBW=2*acosd(1-1.391/%pi/n/dBYlambda);//degree(HPBW)

+disp(HPBW,"(iii) HPBW in degree : ");

+SLL=-13.46;//dB(Side lobe level)

+disp(SLL,"(iv) SLL in dB : ");

+Beta_into_lambda=2*%pi;//(temorary calculatuion)

+//alfa=-Beta*d;//for theta=0

+//alfa=Beta*d;//for theta=180

+alfa1=-Beta_into_lambda*dBYlambda;//radian////for theta=0

+alfa1=alfa1*180/%pi;//degree(angle)

+alfa2=Beta_into_lambda*dBYlambda;//radian////for theta=180

+alfa2=alfa2*180/%pi;//degree(angle)

+disp(alfa2,alfa1,"(v) Progressive phase shift, α for theta equals to 0° & 180° are : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH6/EX6.14.1/EX6_14_1.sce b/2321/CH6/EX6.14.1/EX6_14_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2cd8d71c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH6/EX6.14.1/EX6_14_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//Example No. 6.14.1

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6);

+SLL=19.1;//dB(Side Lobe Level)

+//d=lambda/2;(spacing)

+dBYlambda=1/2;//(Spacing/wavelength)

+n=4;//(no. of elements)

+r=round(10^(SLL/20));//(ratio of main lobe to side lobe)

+m=n-1;//(degree )

+//T3(x0)=r=4*x0^3-3*x0;

+x0=roots([4 0 -3 -r]);//(Coefficient)

+x0=x0(1);//taking real value(Coefficient)

+//E4(z)=T3(x)=4*x^3-3*x=4*a1*z^3-3*a1*z+a0*z

+//4*a1*z^3=4*x^3 where z^3=(x/x0)^3

+a1=4*x0^3/4;//(Coefficient)

+//a0*z-3*z*a1=-3*x

+a0=(3/x0*a1-3)*x0;//(Coefficient)

+disp(a0,a1,"Coefficients of array polynomial a1 & a0 are : ");

+disp(a0/a1,a1/a1,"Relative current amplitudes are :");

diff --git a/2321/CH6/EX6.2.1/EX6_2_1.sce b/2321/CH6/EX6.2.1/EX6_2_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4128561f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH6/EX6.2.1/EX6_2_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Example No. 6.2.1

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',5);

+n=2;//(No. of point source)

+//E=E0*{exp(%i*%pi/2)-exp(-%i*si/2)} where exp(-%i*si)=-1

+//si=Beta*d*cosd(fi)=2*%pi*cosd(fi)

+//E=2*%i*E0*sind(%pi*cosd(fi)); But 2*%i*E0=1

+fi=[0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330];//degree(angle)

+En=sin(%pi*cosd(fi));//Normalized field

+disp("Different values of fi : ");

+disp(string(fi));

+disp("Corresponding normalized field is : ");

+disp(string(abs(En)));

diff --git a/2321/CH6/EX6.2.2/EX6_2_2.sce b/2321/CH6/EX6.2.2/EX6_2_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3c64174f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH6/EX6.2.2/EX6_2_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Example No. 6.2.2

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',5);

+n=2;//(No. of point source)

+//E=E0*{exp(%i*(%pi/4+si/2))-exp(-%i*(%pi/4+si/2))} as exp(%i*theta)+exp(-%i*theta)=2*cos(theta)

+//E=2*E0*cos(%pi/4+si/2);

+//si=Beta*d*cosd(fi)=2*%pi*cosd(fi)

+//En=cos(%pi/4+Beta*d*cosd(%pi/4)); But 2*E0=1

+fi=[0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330];//degree(angle)

+En=cos(%pi/4+%pi/4*cosd(fi));//Normalized field

+disp("Different values of fi : ");

+disp(string(fi));

+disp("Corresponding normalized field is : ");

+disp(string(abs(En)));

diff --git a/2321/CH6/EX6.2.3/EX6_2_3.sce b/2321/CH6/EX6.2.3/EX6_2_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..242f28a87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH6/EX6.2.3/EX6_2_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Example No. 6.2.3

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',5);

+//E=cos(fi)+sin(fi)<si;

+//En=cos(%pi/4+%pi*cosd(fi)) as 2*E0=1

+fi=[0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330];//degree(Angle)

+si=%pi/2*(cosd(fi)+1);//(Phase)

+En=cos(%pi/4+%pi*cosd(fi));//Normalized field

+disp("Different values of fi : ");

+disp(string(fi));

+disp("Corresponding normalized field is : ");

+disp(string(abs(En)));

+//Answer in the book is wrong.

diff --git a/2321/CH6/EX6.6.1/EX6_6_1.sce b/2321/CH6/EX6.6.1/EX6_6_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c4a8147e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH6/EX6.6.1/EX6_6_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//Example No. 6.6.1

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',5);

+n=80;//(no. of elements)

+N=1;//for first null

+//d=lambda/2;(spacing)

+dBYlambda=1/2;//(spacing/wavelength)

+fi01=acosd(N/n/dBYlambda);//degree(Angle)

+Null_1st=(%pi/2*180/%pi)-fi01;//degree(First Null)

+disp(Null_1st,"Location of 1st null from maxima in degree : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH6/EX6.6.2/EX6_6_2.sce b/2321/CH6/EX6.6.2/EX6_6_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f80b29538
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH6/EX6.6.2/EX6_6_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+//Example 6.6.2

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+n=4;//(No. of elements)

+//d=lambda/2;(Spacing)

+dBYlambda=1/2;//(Spacing/wavelength)

+alfa=0;//degree(angle)

+N=1;//(For first null)

+disp("Part (i)");

+theta01=[acosd(+N/2) acosd(-N/2)];//degree(Angle)

+N=2;//(For second null)

+theta02=[acosd(+N/2) acosd(-N/2)];//degree(angle)

+//N=3;//not possible as N/2 is greater than 1

+disp(theta01,"Null directions for N=1 : theta01(degree) ");

+disp(theta02,"Null directions for N=2 : theta02(degree) ");

+disp("Part (ii)");

+m=0;//for maxima

+theta_m=acosd(m/dBYlambda);//degree(angle)

+disp(theta_m,"Direction of maxima : theta_m(degree) ");

+disp("Part (iii)");

+S=1;//for side lobe maxima

+//S=2 & onwards not possible

+theta_S=[acosd((2*S+1)/2/n/dBYlambda) acosd(-(2*S+1)/2/n/dBYlambda)];//degree(angle for side lobe)

+disp(theta_S,"Side lobe maxima : theta_S(degree) ");

+disp("Part (iv)");

+HPBW=2*[90-acosd(1.391/%pi/n/dBYlambda)];//degree(HPBW)

+disp(HPBW,"HPBW(degree) ");

+disp("Part (v)");

+FNBW=2*[90-acosd(1/n/dBYlambda)];//degree(FNBW)

+disp(FNBW,"FNBW(degree) ");

+disp("Part (vi)");

+SLL=-13.46;//dB////for isotropic sources array(Side lobe level)

+disp(SLL,"Side lobe level(dB) ");

diff --git a/2321/CH6/EX6.8.1/EX6_8_1.sce b/2321/CH6/EX6.8.1/EX6_8_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ddb7c85e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH6/EX6.8.1/EX6_8_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+//Example No. 6.8.1

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',5);

+n=4;//(No. of elements)

+//d=lambda/2;(spacing)

+dBYlambda=1/2;//(spacing/wavelength)

+theta=0;//degree(angle)

+//Beta=2*%pi/lambda

+disp("Part (i)");

+Beta_into_lambda=2*%pi;//(Coefficient)

+//alfa=-Beta*d

+alfa=-Beta_into_lambda*dBYlambda;//radian(Progressive phase shift)

+alfa=alfa*180/%pi;//degree(Progressive phase shift)

+disp(alfa,"Progressive phase shift(degree) ");

+disp("Part (ii)");

+N=1:3;//as N=4 is not allowed

+theta01=acosd(1-N(1)/n/dBYlambda);//degree(angle)

+theta02=acosd(1-N(2)/n/dBYlambda);//degree(angle)

+theta03=acosd(1-N(3)/n/dBYlambda);//degree(angle)

+disp(theta03,theta02,theta01,"Null directions, theta01, theta02 & theta03 in degree are :  ");

+disp("Part (iii)");

+m=0:1;//as m=2 & onwards is not allowed

+theta0=acosd(1-m(1)/dBYlambda);//degree(angle)

+theta1=acosd(1-m(2)/dBYlambda);//degree(angle)

+disp(theta1,theta0,"Maxima directions, theta0, theta1 in degree are :  ");

+disp("Part (iv)");

+FNBW=2*acosd(1-1/n/dBYlambda);//degree(FNBW)

+disp(FNBW,"FNBW in degree :  ");

+disp("Part (v)");

+HPBW=2*acosd(1-1.391/n/%pi/dBYlambda);//degree(HPBW)

+disp(HPBW,"HPBW in degree :  ");

diff --git a/2321/CH6/EX6.8.2/EX6_8_2.sce b/2321/CH6/EX6.8.2/EX6_8_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a06fa6f9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH6/EX6.8.2/EX6_8_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Example No. 6.8.2

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6);

+n=16;//no. of point source

+//d=lambda/4;(spacing)

+dBYlambda=1/4;//(Spacing/wavelength)

+HPBW=2*acosd(1-1.391/n/%pi/dBYlambda);//degree(HPBW)

+disp(HPBW,"HPBW in degree :  ");

diff --git a/2321/CH7/EX7.10.1/EX7_10_1.sce b/2321/CH7/EX7.10.1/EX7_10_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2092864e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH7/EX7.10.1/EX7_10_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Example No. 7.10.1

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6);

+A=1;//m²(Area of loop)

+N=400;//no. of turns

+Q=100;//Quality factor

+theta=60;//degree(angle)

+Erms=10;//µV/m(field strength)

+f=1;//MHz(tuned frequency)

+c=3*10^8;//m/s////Speed of light

+lambda=c/(f*10^6);//m(Wavelength)

+Vr=Q*2*%pi*A*N*cosd(theta)*Erms*10^-6/lambda;//V(reciever input voltage)

+disp(Vr*1000,"Input voltage to the receiver in mV : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH7/EX7.10.2/EX7_10_2.sce b/2321/CH7/EX7.10.2/EX7_10_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..440112dfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH7/EX7.10.2/EX7_10_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//Example No. 7.10.2

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',7);

+N=12;//no. of turns

+A=1;//m²(Area of loop)

+Erms=100;//µV/m(field strength)

+f=10;//MHz(tuned frequency)

+theta=0;//degree(angle)

+c=3*10^8;//m/s////Speed of light

+lambda=c/(f*10^6);//m(Wavelength)

+Vr=2*%pi*A*N*cosd(theta)*Erms*10^-6/lambda;//V(reciever input voltage)

+disp(Vr*10^6,"Voltage induced in loop in µV/m : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH7/EX7.10.3/EX7_10_3.sce b/2321/CH7/EX7.10.3/EX7_10_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ea8b903e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH7/EX7.10.3/EX7_10_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//Example No. 7.10.3

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6);

+N=25;//no. of turns

+Vrms=150;//µV(emf induced)

+f=500;//kHz(tuned frequency)

+A=0.5^2;//m²(Area of loop)

+theta=0;//degree(angle)

+c=3*10^8;//m/s////Speed of light

+lambda=c/(f*10^3);//m(Wavelength)

+Erms=lambda/(2*%pi*A*N*cosd(theta))*Vrms*10^-6;//V/m(maximum emf induced)

+disp(Erms*10^3,"Field strength in mV/m : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH7/EX7.10.4/EX7_10_4.sce b/2321/CH7/EX7.10.4/EX7_10_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d011cbfe7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH7/EX7.10.4/EX7_10_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Example No. 7.10.4

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',7);

+N1=1;//no. of turns in primary

+N2=8;//no. of turns in secondary

+//a=lambda/25;

+aBYlambda=1/25;//(temporary calculation)

+//A=%pi*a^2

+A_BY_lambda_sqr=%pi*aBYlambda^2;//(temporary calculation)

+Rr1=31200*(N1*A_BY_lambda_sqr)^2;//Ω(Radiation resistance for single turn)

+disp(Rr1,"Radiation resistance for single turn loop in Ω : ");

+Rr2=31200*(N2*A_BY_lambda_sqr)^2;//Ω(Radiation resistance for 8 turn)

+disp(Rr2,"Radiation resistance for 8 turn loop in Ω : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH7/EX7.10.5/EX7_10_5.sce b/2321/CH7/EX7.10.5/EX7_10_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..07333ab62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH7/EX7.10.5/EX7_10_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//Example No. 7.10.5

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6);

+f=100;//MHz(Operating frequency)

+c=3*10^8;//m/s////Speed of light

+lambda=c/(f*10^6);//m(Wavelength)

+a=lambda/25;//m(radius)

+C=2*%pi*a;//m(Circumference)

+d=2*10^-4*lambda;//m(Spacing)

+disp("For single turn : ");

+N=1;//n. of turns

+RL_BY_Rr=3430/(C^3*f^(3.5)*N*d);//(temporary calculation)

+K=1/(1+RL_BY_Rr)*100;//%(Radiation efficiency)

+disp(K,"Radiation efficiency of single turn in % : ");

+disp("For Eight turn : ");

+N=8;//no. of turns

+RL_BY_Rr=3430/(C^3*f^(3.5)*N*d);//(temporary calculation)

+K=1/(1+RL_BY_Rr)*100;//%(Radiation efficiency)

+disp(K,"Radiation efficiency of eight turn in % : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH7/EX7.10.6/EX7_10_6.sce b/2321/CH7/EX7.10.6/EX7_10_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..414344c23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH7/EX7.10.6/EX7_10_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Example No. 7.10.6

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',6);

+a=0.5;//m(radius)

+f=0.9;//MHz(OPerating frequency)

+c=3*10^8;//m/s////Speed of light

+lambda=c/(f*10^6);//m(wavelength)

+C=2*%pi*a;//m(Circumference)

+if C/lambda<1/3 then

+    D=3/2;//Directivity

+elseif C/lambda>1/3 then

+    D=0.682*C/lambda;//Directivity

+end

+disp(D,"Directivity : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH8/EX8.3.1/EX8_3_1.sce b/2321/CH8/EX8.3.1/EX8_3_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..279f0bd11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH8/EX8.3.1/EX8_3_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Example No. 8.3.1

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',7);

+Zcs=73+%i*42.5;//Ω(Impedence of complementry structure)

+Eta=120*%pi;//(Constant for free space)

+ZS=Eta^2/4/Zcs;//Ω(Input Impedence)

+disp(ZS,"Input impedence in Ω : ");

+//At resonance

+Zcs=73;//Ω(Impedence of complementry structure)

+Eta=120*%pi;//(Constant for free space)

+ZS=Eta^2/4/Zcs;//Ω(Input Impedence)

+disp(ZS,"At resonance, Input impedence in Ω  : ");

+disp("ZS can be rounded to 500 Ω");

diff --git a/2321/CH9/EX9.6.1/EX9_6_1.sce b/2321/CH9/EX9.6.1/EX9_6_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fed35c6a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH9/EX9.6.1/EX9_6_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//Example No. 9.6.1

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',7);

+f=2;//GHz(Frequency)

+G=12;//dBi(Gain)

+D=12;//dBi(Gain)

+D=10^(D/10);//unitless(Directivity)

+c=3*10^8;//m/s(speed of light)

+lambda=c/(f*10^9);//m(wavelength)

+Ap=D*lambda^2/7.5;//m²(capture area)

+disp(Ap,"Required capture area in m²  : ");

diff --git a/2321/CH9/EX9.6.2/EX9_6_2.sce b/2321/CH9/EX9.6.2/EX9_6_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e4166ce2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2321/CH9/EX9.6.2/EX9_6_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//Example No. 9.6.2

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+format('v',7);

+aEBYlambda=10;//(Aperture/wavelength)

+del_EBYlambda=0.2;//in E-plane

+del_HBYlambda=0.375;//in H-plane

+LBYlambda=aEBYlambda^2/8/del_EBYlambda;//(Length/wavelength)

+disp("Length of the horn is "+string(LBYlambda)+"*lambda");

+aHBYlambda=sqrt(LBYlambda*8*del_HBYlambda);//(Aperture/wavelength)

+disp("H-plane aperture, aH is "+string(aHBYlambda)+"*lambda");

+theta_E=2*atand(aEBYlambda/2/LBYlambda);//degree(Angle)

+theta_H=2*atand(aHBYlambda/2/LBYlambda);//degree(Angle)

+disp(theta_H,theta_E,"Flare angles theta_E & theta_H(in degree) are : ");

+HPBW_E=56/aEBYlambda;//degree(HPBW for E-plane)

+disp(HPBW_E,"HPBW(E-plane) in degree : ");

+HPBW_H=67/aHBYlambda;//degree(HPBW for H-plane)

+disp(HPBW_H,"HPBW(H-plane) in degree : ");

+FNBW_E=102/aEBYlambda;//degree(FNBW for E-plane)

+disp(FNBW_E,"FNBW(E-plane) in degree : ");

+FNBW_H=172/aHBYlambda;//degree(FNBW for F-plane)

+disp(FNBW_H,"FNBW(H-plane) in degree : ");

+D=10*log10(7.5*aEBYlambda*aHBYlambda);//(Directivity)

+disp(D,"Directivity in dB  : ");