initial commit / add all books

13 files changed, 277 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/2276/CH9/EX9.1/chapter9_ex1.sce b/2276/CH9/EX9.1/chapter9_ex1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3ff57d622
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2276/CH9/EX9.1/chapter9_ex1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+clc

+clear

+

+//input

+t1=96;//number turns on the primary side of an ideal transformer

+v=240;//supply voltage in volts

+f=50;//supply frequency in hertz

+v2=660;//secondary pd in volts

+

+//calculations

+vp=v/t1;//primary volts per turn

+vs=vp;//secondary volts per turn

+t2=v2/vs;//secondary turns 

+

+//output

+mprintf('to produce a p.d. of 660V the secondary coil should have %3.0f turns',t2)

diff --git a/2276/CH9/EX9.10/chapter9_ex10.sce b/2276/CH9/EX9.10/chapter9_ex10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c01ff232d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2276/CH9/EX9.10/chapter9_ex10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+clc

+clear

+

+//input

+kva=10;//kVA rating of the transformer

+vp=400;//voltage on primary side in volts

+vs=230;//voltage on secondary side in volts

+//short circuit test

+ppd1=18;//primary p.d. in volts

+ip1=25;//primary current in amperes

+inp1=120;//power input in watts

+//short circuit test

+ppd2=400;//primary p.d. in volts

+ip2=0.5;//primary current in amperes

+inp2=70;//power input in watts

+

+//calculations

+zp=ppd1/ip1;//equivalent primary impedance in ohms

+rp=inp1/(ip1^2);//equivalent resistance in ohms

+xp=((zp^2)-(rp^2))^0.5;//equivalent leakage reactance in ohms

+r0=(vp^2)/(1000*inp2);//resistance of parallel circuit

+phi=sin(acos(inp2/(vp*ip2)));//sine of power factor

+im=ip2*phi;//magnetizing current in amperes

+x0=vp/im;//reactance in ohms

+

+//output

+mprintf('the equivalent circuit parameters are \n Rp=%3.3f ohms \n Xp=%3.3f ohms \n r0=%3.3f kilo ohms \n x0=%3.1f ohms',rp,xp,r0,x0)

diff --git a/2276/CH9/EX9.11/chapter9_ex11.sce b/2276/CH9/EX9.11/chapter9_ex11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c01ff232d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2276/CH9/EX9.11/chapter9_ex11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+clc

+clear

+

+//input

+kva=10;//kVA rating of the transformer

+vp=400;//voltage on primary side in volts

+vs=230;//voltage on secondary side in volts

+//short circuit test

+ppd1=18;//primary p.d. in volts

+ip1=25;//primary current in amperes

+inp1=120;//power input in watts

+//short circuit test

+ppd2=400;//primary p.d. in volts

+ip2=0.5;//primary current in amperes

+inp2=70;//power input in watts

+

+//calculations

+zp=ppd1/ip1;//equivalent primary impedance in ohms

+rp=inp1/(ip1^2);//equivalent resistance in ohms

+xp=((zp^2)-(rp^2))^0.5;//equivalent leakage reactance in ohms

+r0=(vp^2)/(1000*inp2);//resistance of parallel circuit

+phi=sin(acos(inp2/(vp*ip2)));//sine of power factor

+im=ip2*phi;//magnetizing current in amperes

+x0=vp/im;//reactance in ohms

+

+//output

+mprintf('the equivalent circuit parameters are \n Rp=%3.3f ohms \n Xp=%3.3f ohms \n r0=%3.3f kilo ohms \n x0=%3.1f ohms',rp,xp,r0,x0)

diff --git a/2276/CH9/EX9.12/chapter9_ex12.sce b/2276/CH9/EX9.12/chapter9_ex12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7b67fc2d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2276/CH9/EX9.12/chapter9_ex12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+clc

+clear

+

+//input

+kva=5;//kVA rating of the transformer

+pf=0.8;//power factor

+vp=250;//voltage on primary side in volts

+vs=500;//voltage on secondary side in volts

+//from equivalent circuit

+r0=750;//resistance in ohms

+x0=325;//reactance in ohms

+Rp=0.4;//equivalent resistance refered to primary side in ohms

+Xp=0.75;//equivalent reactance refered to primary side in ohms

+

+//calculations

+is=(kva*1000)/vs;//full load secondary current in amperes

+ip1=is*(vs/vp);//current in amperes

+ep=vp-((ip1*pf)+(Xp*sin(acos(pf))));//in volts

+Vs=ep*(vs/vp);// in volts

+i1=vp/(vs+vp);//component of Io in phase with Vs in amperes

+i2=i1*pf;//component of Ie in phase with Ip

+i3=i1*sin(acos(pf));//component of Ie in quadrature with Ip

+im=vp/x0;//magnetizing current in amperes

+i4=im*sin(acos(pf));//component of Im in phase with Ip

+i5=im*pf;//component of Im in quadrature with Ip

+Ip=(((ip1+i2+i4)^2)+((i5-i3)^2))^0.5;//total primary current in amperes

+P=vp*Ip*pf;//power input in watts

+pc=ip1*ip1*i4;//copper loss in watts

+pi=vp*i1;//iron loss in watts

+n=1-((pc+pi)/P);//efficiency in per units

+

+//output

+mprintf('the primary input current is %3.2f A : the secondary terminal voltage is %3.0f V and the efficiency of the transformer is %3.2f p.u.',Ip,Vs,n)

diff --git a/2276/CH9/EX9.13/chapter9_ex13.sce b/2276/CH9/EX9.13/chapter9_ex13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..92ae15c7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2276/CH9/EX9.13/chapter9_ex13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+clc

+clear

+

+//input

+//all values refered to primary and from given equivalent circuit 

+v=240;//supply voltage in volts

+r0=0.25;//resistance in ohms

+x0=0.4;//reactance in ohms

+rl=7.75;//load resistance in ohms

+xl=5.6;//load reactance in ohms

+n=5;//turns ratio of the transformer

+

+//calculations

+rt=r0+rl;//total resistance of the circuit in ohms

+xt=x0+xl;//total reactance of the circuit in ohms

+zt=((rt^2)+(xt^2))^0.5;//total impedance of transformer and the load in ohms

+Ip=v/zt;//current in amperes

+zl=((rl^2)+(xl^2))^0.5;//impedance of load in ohms

+d=Ip*zl;//voltage drop across referred load impedance in volts

+vs=n*d;//secondary terminal voltage in volts

+

+//output

+mprintf('the secondary terminal voltage is %3.0f V',vs)

diff --git a/2276/CH9/EX9.2/chapter9_ex2.sce b/2276/CH9/EX9.2/chapter9_ex2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..659cdd0e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2276/CH9/EX9.2/chapter9_ex2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+clc

+clear

+

+//input

+vp=660;//primary voltage in volts

+vs=1100;//secondary voltage in volts

+f=50;//supply frequency in hertz

+kva=10;//kVA rating of the transformer 

+t1=550;//number of primary turns

+

+//calculations

+pv=vp/t1;//primary volts per turn

+t2=vs/pv;//number of secondary turns

+inpi=(kva*1000)/vp;//input current in amperes

+is=(kva*1000)/vs;//secondary current in amperes

+

+//output

+mprintf('the number of secondary turns is %3.0f and the respective primary and secondary currents are %3.1fA and %3.1fA',t2,inpi,is)

diff --git a/2276/CH9/EX9.3/chapter9_ex3.sce b/2276/CH9/EX9.3/chapter9_ex3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..250cf1ba5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2276/CH9/EX9.3/chapter9_ex3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+clc

+clear

+

+//input

+t1=120;//primary turns of an ideal transformer

+ls1=0.24;//self inductance of primary in henry

+v=240;//supply voltage in volts

+t2=300;//secondary turns of the ideal transformer

+

+//calculations

+d=v/ls1;//rate of change of current in A/s

+v2=v*(t2/t1);//secondary voltage in volts

+M=v2/d;//mutual impedance in henry

+ls2=ls1*((t2*t2)/(t1*t1));//self inuctance of the secondary in henry

+

+//output

+mprintf('the mutual impedance between the coils is %3.1fH and the self inductance of the secondary winding is %3.1fH',M,ls2)

diff --git a/2276/CH9/EX9.4/chapter9_ex4.sce b/2276/CH9/EX9.4/chapter9_ex4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e7df06010
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2276/CH9/EX9.4/chapter9_ex4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+clc

+clear

+

+//input

+i=0.4;//no load current in amperes

+pf=0.25;//lagging power factor

+v=250;//supply voltage in volts

+f=50;//supply frequency in hertz

+

+//calculations

+ie=i*pf;//loss component of no load current in amperes

+im=((i^2)-(ie^2))^0.5;//magnetizing component in amperes

+p=v*ie;//no load power loss in watts

+

+//output

+mprintf('the magnetising current is %3.3fA and the no load loss is %3.0f W',im,p)

diff --git a/2276/CH9/EX9.5/chapter9_ex5.sce b/2276/CH9/EX9.5/chapter9_ex5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fc62142a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2276/CH9/EX9.5/chapter9_ex5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+clc

+clear

+

+//input

+v=240;//supply voltage in volts

+f=50;//supply frequency in hertz

+t1=500;//number of primary turns

+i0=0.35;//no load current in amperes

+p=44;//power loss in watts

+l=0.4;//magnetic length of the core in meters

+ur=2000;//relative permeability of core

+u0=1.257*(10^-6);//absolute permeability 

+

+//calculations

+cosp=p/(v*i0);//no load power factor

+im=i0*sin(acos(cosp));//magnetizing current in amperes

+b=(u0*ur*im*t1)/l;//flux density in tesla

+

+//output

+mprintf('the flux density produced in the core will be %3.3f T',b)

diff --git a/2276/CH9/EX9.6/chapter9_ex6.sce b/2276/CH9/EX9.6/chapter9_ex6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a62fe5be9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2276/CH9/EX9.6/chapter9_ex6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+clc

+clear

+

+//input

+vp=440;//primary voltage in volts

+vs=240;//secondary voltage in volts

+f=50;//supply voltage in hertz

+i0=0.5;//no load current in amperes

+pf=0.3;//lagging power factor

+

+//calculations

+ii=i0*pf;//in phase component in amperes

+r0=vp/(ii*1000);//resistance in ohms

+iq=((i0^2)-(ii^2))^0.5;//quadrature component in amperes

+x0=vp/iq;//reactance in ohms

+l0=x0/(2*%pi*f);//inductance in henry

+

+//output

+mprintf('the transformer on load may be represented by %3.2fkOhms resistance in parallel with a pure inductance of %3.2fH',r0,l0)

diff --git a/2276/CH9/EX9.7/chapter9_ex7.sce b/2276/CH9/EX9.7/chapter9_ex7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..35db513a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2276/CH9/EX9.7/chapter9_ex7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+clc

+clear

+

+//input

+vp=1100;//voltage on the primary in volts

+vs=240;//secondary voltage in volts

+f=50;//supply frequency in hertz

+b=1.4;//flux density in tesla

+s=0.2;//side of the square core in meter

+

+//calculations

+ag=s*s;//gross area of core in square meters

+am=0.9*ag;//magnetic area of core in square meters

+np=vp/(4.44*b*am*f);//number of turns in primary

+ns=np*(vs/vp);//number of turns in secondary

+

+//output

+mprintf('the number of turns in the primary and secondary winding would be %3.0f and %3.0f respectively',np,ns)

diff --git a/2276/CH9/EX9.8/chapter9_ex8.sce b/2276/CH9/EX9.8/chapter9_ex8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..016092a26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2276/CH9/EX9.8/chapter9_ex8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+clc

+clear

+

+//input

+np=350;//number of turn in the primary

+lm=0.8;//mean length of core in meters

+am=0.006;//magnetic area in square meter

+i0=0.8;//no load current in amperes

+v=500;//supply voltage in volts

+f=50;//frequency of supply in hertz

+ur=2000;//relative permeability of the core

+u0=1.257*(10^-6);//absolute permeability

+

+//calculations

+bm=v/(4.44*am*np*f);//maximum flux density in tesla

+im=(bm*i0)/(u0*ur*np*(2^0.5));//magnetizing current in amperes

+sinp=im/i0;//sine of no load phase angle

+p=v*lm*cos(asin(im/i0));//power loss of core in watts

+

+//output

+mprintf('the maximum flux density in the core will be %3.3fT with a magnetizing current of %3.3fA and a core loss of %3.0fW',bm,im,p)

diff --git a/2276/CH9/EX9.9/chapter9_ex9.sce b/2276/CH9/EX9.9/chapter9_ex9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6aa510cf3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2276/CH9/EX9.9/chapter9_ex9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+clc

+clear

+

+//input

+kva=20000;//kVA rating of the transformer in VA 

+vp=1100;//primary voltage in volts

+vs=240;//secondary voltage in volts

+pi=500;//iron losses in watts

+pc=600;//full load copper losses in watts

+pf=0.8;//lagging power factor

+

+//calculations

+out=kva*pf;//full load output in watts

+fll=pi+pc;//full load losses in watts

+n=out/(out+fll);//efficiency in perunits

+hfl=kva/2;//unity power factor

+cp=pc*(1/(2*2));//copper loss in watts

+n1=(hfl/1000)/((hfl/1000)+0.5+(cp/1000));//efficiency in per units

+kvat=(kva*((pi/pc)^0.5))/1000;// total kVA 

+

+//output

+mprintf('the efficiencies on full load,at 0.8 lag and 0.5*full load,at unity power factor are %3.3f p.u. and %3.2f p.u. respectively.\n the loading for maximum efficiency is %3.2f kVA',n,n1,kvat)