initial commit / add all books

26 files changed, 421 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/2183/CH8/EX8.1/Ex_8_1.sce b/2183/CH8/EX8.1/Ex_8_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..69481a0e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2183/CH8/EX8.1/Ex_8_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+

+// Example 8.1 //compare shot noise and thermal current

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+T=293;//Temperature in Kelvin

+K=1.38*10^-23;//boltzman constt

+C=3*10^8;//Speed of light in meter per second

+e=1.6*10^-19;//elecronic charge

+ht=6.62*10^-34;//plank constt.

+Id=3;//dark current in nano ampere

+n=0.60;//efficiency

+Rl=4;//load resistance in kilo-ohms

+h=0.9;//wavelength in micro meter

+Po=200;// ouput power in nano Watt

+B=5;// bandwidth in mega hertz

+Ip= ((n*h*10^-6*Po*10^-9*e)/(ht*C))*10^9;//Photo current in Ampere

+its=(2*e*B*10^6*(Id+Ip)*10^-9);//total shot noise

+itsr=sqrt(its);//RMS shot noise

+disp(itsr,"RMS shot noise current in Ampere is")

+T=293;//Temperature in Kelvin

+K=1.38*10^-23;//boltzman constt

+C=3*10^8;//Speed of light in meter per second

+e=1.6*10^-19;//elecronic charge

+ht=6.62*10^-34;//plank constt.

+Id=3;//dark current in nano ampere

+n=0.60;//efficiency

+Rl=4;//load resistance in killo ohms

+h=0.9;//wavelength in micro meter

+Po=200;// ouput power in nano wat

+B=5;// bandwidth in mega hertz

+it=(((4*K*T*B*10^6)/(Rl*10^3)));//thermal noise

+itr=sqrt(it);//rms thermal noise

+disp(itr,"RMS thermal noise current in Ampere is")

+

+

diff --git a/2183/CH8/EX8.10/Ex_8_10.sce b/2183/CH8/EX8.10/Ex_8_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2754dcc9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2183/CH8/EX8.10/Ex_8_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Example 8.10 //optical power budget
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+mip=-10;//dBm
+mop=-41;//dBm
+tsm=mip-mop;//dB
+disp(tsm,"total system margin in dB is")
+l=7;//km
+fcl=2.6;//dB
+lfc=l*fcl;//fiber cable loss in dB
+sl=0.5;//dBm
+slc=sl*(l-1);//dB
+cl=1.5;//dB
+sm=6;//dB
+tsm1=lfc+slc+cl+sm;//dB
+disp(tsm1,"total system margin in dB is")
+epm=tsm-tsm1;//dB
+disp(epm,"excess power margin in dB is")
diff --git a/2183/CH8/EX8.12/Ex_8_12.sce b/2183/CH8/EX8.12/Ex_8_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..678050bd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2183/CH8/EX8.12/Ex_8_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Example 8.12 //optical power
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+e=1.6*10^-19;//electron charge
+sndb=55;//signal to noise ration in dB
+sn=(10^(sndb/10));//
+bw=5;//Mhz
+r=0.5;//responsivity
+cs=0.7;//signal attenuation
+k=1.38*10^-23;//bolzman constant
+tc=20;//degree celsius
+tk=tc+273;//Kelvin
+fdb=1.5;//
+f=10^(fdb/10);//
+rl=1;//mega ohms
+x=((sn*4*k*tk*bw*10^6*f)/(rl*10^6));//
+y=((2*sn*e*bw*10^6*r));//
+ma=9/8;//
+z=(2*ma*r^2*cs^2);//
+s=poly(0,"s");//
+p=-x-y*s+z*s^2;//
+m=roots(p);//
+disp(m(1,1)*10^6,"average incident power in micro Watts is")
diff --git a/2183/CH8/EX8.13/Ex_8_13.sce b/2183/CH8/EX8.13/Ex_8_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b6e7acdfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2183/CH8/EX8.13/Ex_8_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Example 8.13 //optical power
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+fdb=6;//
+f=10^(fdb/10);//
+e=1.6*10^-19;//electron charge
+sndb=45;//signal to noise ration in dB
+sn=(10^(sndb/10));//
+h=6.63*10^-34;//planck constant
+c=3*10^8;//m/s
+e=1.6*10^-19;//
+n=0.6;//efficneicny
+ma=0.5*10^-3;//
+k=1.38*10^-23;//boltzman constant
+tk=300;//degree celcius
+bw=8;//MHz
+rl=50;//kilo ohms
+po=((h*c)/(e*n*ma^2))*sqrt((8*k*tk*bw*10^6*f)/(rl*10^3))*sqrt(sn);//
+disp(po*10^6,"average power incident in micro Watts is")
diff --git a/2183/CH8/EX8.14.a/Ex_8_14_a.sce b/2183/CH8/EX8.14.a/Ex_8_14_a.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2715dc19f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2183/CH8/EX8.14.a/Ex_8_14_a.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Example 8.14.a //optical power budget
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+mip=-10;//dBm
+mop=-25;//dBm
+tsm=mip-mop;//dB
+disp(tsm,"total system margin in dB is")
+l=2;//km
+fcl=3.2;//dB
+lfc=l*fcl;//fiber cable loss in dB
+sl=0.8;//dBm
+slc=sl*l;//dB
+cl=1.6;//dB
+sm=4;//dB
+tsm1=lfc+slc+cl+sm;//dB
+disp(tsm1,"total system margin in dB is")
+epm=tsm-tsm1;//dB
+disp(epm,"excess power margin in dB is")
diff --git a/2183/CH8/EX8.14.b/Ex_8_14_b.sce b/2183/CH8/EX8.14.b/Ex_8_14_b.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2d421afae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2183/CH8/EX8.14.b/Ex_8_14_b.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// Example 8.14.b //possible increase in link length
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+mip=-10;//dBm
+mop=-25;//dBm
+tsm=mip-mop;//dB
+disp(tsm,"total system margin in dB is")
+l=2;//km
+fcl=3.2;//dB
+lfc=l*fcl;//fiber cable loss in dB
+sl=0.8;//dBm
+slc=sl*l;//dB
+cl=1.6;//dB
+sm=4;//dB
+tsm1=lfc+slc+cl+sm;//dB
+disp(tsm1,"total system margin in dB is")
+epm=tsm-tsm1;//dB
+ma=8;//dB
+l1=((-mop-cl-ma)/(fcl+sl));//km
+eil=l1-l;//
+disp(eil,"possible increase in length in km")
diff --git a/2183/CH8/EX8.15/Ex_8_15.sce b/2183/CH8/EX8.15/Ex_8_15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0e86d3b7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2183/CH8/EX8.15/Ex_8_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//Example 8.15 // 
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data :
+B=5*10^6;// in Hz
+Ts=10;// in ns
+Td=4;// in ns
+a=9;// in ns/km
+b=2;// in ns/km
+l=6;// in km
+Tn=a*l;// in ns
+Tc=b*l;// in ns
+Ts_max=(0.35/B)*10^9;
+disp(Ts_max,"T system_maxmum,(ns) = ")
+Tsys=1.1*sqrt(Ts^2+Tn^2+Tc^2+Td^2);
+disp(Tsys,"T system,(ns) = ")
+//answer is wrong in the textbook
diff --git a/2183/CH8/EX8.16.b/Ex_8_16_b.sce b/2183/CH8/EX8.16.b/Ex_8_16_b.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8c1f952cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2183/CH8/EX8.16.b/Ex_8_16_b.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// Example 8.16.b //SNR improvement and bandwidth
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+fd=400;//KHz
+ba=4;//kHz
+df1=fd/ba;//
+snri=(1.76+20*log10(df1));//dB
+disp(snri,"SNR improvement in dB is")
+bm=2*ba*(df1+1);//kHz
+disp(bm,"bandwidth in kHz is")
diff --git a/2183/CH8/EX8.17/Ex_8_17.sce b/2183/CH8/EX8.17/Ex_8_17.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..61102e90a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2183/CH8/EX8.17/Ex_8_17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Example 8.17;//ration of SNR
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+fa=1;//
+pa=1;//
+r=1;//
+po=1;//
+ac=1;//
+ba=1;//
+no=1;//
+snr1=((3*fa^3*po*(r*po)^2*((ac^2)/2))/(2*ba^3*no));//SNR output FM
+snr2=((fa^3*po*(r*po)^2*((ac^2)/2))/(2*ba^3*no));//SNR output FM
+rt=snr1/snr2;//
+disp(rt,"ratio of output SNR (in dB) in two system is")
diff --git a/2183/CH8/EX8.18/Ex_8_18.sce b/2183/CH8/EX8.18/Ex_8_18.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a432131cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2183/CH8/EX8.18/Ex_8_18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//Example 8.18 // Optimum receiver bandwidth and peak to peak signal power to noise ratio
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data :
+Tr=12*10^-9;// in sec
+f0=20*10^6;// in Hz
+fD=5*10^6;// in Hz
+Mr=80;// multiplication factor
+Pp=.75*10^-7;
+B=5*10^6;// in Hz
+i2N=10^-17;// in A^2
+fr=(1/Tr)*10^-6;
+disp(fr," Optimum receiver bandwidth,fr(MHz) = ")
+T0=1/f0;
+SbyN=10*log10((3*(T0*fD*Mr*Pp)^2)/((2*%pi*Tr*B)^2*i2N));
+disp(SbyN,"signal power to noise ratio,(dB) = ")
diff --git a/2183/CH8/EX8.19/ex_8_19.sce b/2183/CH8/EX8.19/ex_8_19.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ad3cc6beb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2183/CH8/EX8.19/ex_8_19.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Example 8.19:compare
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+cl=1;//dB
+actr=10;//dB
+acl=1;//dB
+fcl=4.5;//dB/km
+sl=2.5;//dB
+cel=2;//dB
+dl=100;//m
+x=cel*cl-fcl*dl*10^-3+(cel*cl+cl)*-(cel+cl)+(cel*cl+actr)+sl+cl;//
+x1=(fcl*dl*10^-3)+(cel*cl+cl);//
+disp("total loss for bus distribution system is "+string(x1)+"N + "+string(x)+"")
+x3=(cel*2*cl)+cel+(fcl*dl*10^-3);//
+disp("total loss for star distribution system is "+string(x3)+"+ 10log10(N)")
diff --git a/2183/CH8/EX8.2.a/Ex_8_2_a.sce b/2183/CH8/EX8.2.a/Ex_8_2_a.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..56b90a13b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2183/CH8/EX8.2.a/Ex_8_2_a.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// Example 8.2.a //threshold quantum limit

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+en=10^-9;//

+n=-log(en);//

+disp(round(n),"quantum limit is (photons per pulse required )")

diff --git a/2183/CH8/EX8.2.b/Ex_8_2_b.sce b/2183/CH8/EX8.2.b/Ex_8_2_b.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7749940ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2183/CH8/EX8.2.b/Ex_8_2_b.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Example 8.2.b //minumum incident optical power
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+en=10^-9;
+n=-log(en);//
+c=3*10^8;//m/s
+ht=6.62*10^-34;//plank constt.
+B=10^7;//NO. OF BITS
+h=0.85*10^-6;//wavelength in meter
+Po=((20.7*ht*B*c)/(2*h));//pulse energy in pico Watt
+Podb=10*(log10(Po));//pulse energy in dB when refrence level is one Watt
+Podb1=10*(log10(Po*10^3));//pulse energy in dB when refrence level is one mili Watt
+disp(Po, "minimum incident optical power in Watts is")
+disp(Podb1 , "pulse energy in dB when refrence level is one miiliwatt in dBm")
+
diff --git a/2183/CH8/EX8.20/Ex_8_20.sce b/2183/CH8/EX8.20/Ex_8_20.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..62908f204
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2183/CH8/EX8.20/Ex_8_20.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Example 8.20;//maximum length of the system
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+af=0.20;//dB/km
+ac1=0.05;//dB/km
+k=4;//
+b=1.2;//G bit/s
+c=3*10^8;//m/s
+h=1.55;//micro meter
+sndb=17
+sn=10^(sndb/10);//
+l=100;//km
+hc=6.63*10^-34;//
+lt=((10^-3*h*10^-6*(10^-((af+ac1)*(l/10)))*l*10^3)/(k*hc*c*b*10^12*sn));//
+disp(lt,"maximum length of the system in km is")
+//answer is wrong in the textbook
diff --git a/2183/CH8/EX8.3.a/Ex_8_3_a.sce b/2183/CH8/EX8.3.a/Ex_8_3_a.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a685518fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2183/CH8/EX8.3.a/Ex_8_3_a.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Example 8.3.a;//bit rate for the system
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+wd=8;//bit wide
+ts=32;//time slots
+nb=ts*wd;//no. of bits in a frame
+nf=8*10^3;//no. of frames
+tr=nf*nb;//transmission rate
+disp(tr*10^-6,"transmission rate for the system in M-bits-s^-1")
diff --git a/2183/CH8/EX8.3.b/Ex_8_3_b.sce b/2183/CH8/EX8.3.b/Ex_8_3_b.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..55bbdb025
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2183/CH8/EX8.3.b/Ex_8_3_b.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Example 8.3.b //duration of time slot
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+wd=8;//bit wide
+ts=32;//time slots
+nb=ts*wd;//no. of bits in a frame
+nf=8*10^3;//no. of frames
+tr=nf*nb;//transmission rate
+bdr1=1/tr;//bit duration
+bdr=bdr1*wd;//
+disp(bdr*10^6,"duration of time slot in micro seconds")
diff --git a/2183/CH8/EX8.3.c/Ex_8_3_c.sce b/2183/CH8/EX8.3.c/Ex_8_3_c.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1d5c65582
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2183/CH8/EX8.3.c/Ex_8_3_c.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Example 8.3.c //duration of a frame and multiframe
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+wd=8;//bit wide
+ts=32;//time slots
+nb=ts*wd;//no. of bits in a frame
+nf=8*10^3;//no. of frames
+tr=nf*nb;//transmission rate
+bdr1=1/tr;//bit duration
+bdr=bdr1*wd;//
+df=bdr*10^6*ts;//duration of frame
+dmf=df*(ts/2);//ms
+disp(df,"duration of frame in micro seconds")
+disp(dmf*10^-3,"duration of multiframe in milli seconds")
diff --git a/2183/CH8/EX8.4/Ex_8_4.sce b/2183/CH8/EX8.4/Ex_8_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4d92ca666
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2183/CH8/EX8.4/Ex_8_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Example 8.4 // Average nummber of photon
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+//given data :
+format('v',5)
+M=80;// multiplication factor
+K=0.02;// carrier ionization rates
+eta=85/100;// quntum efficiency
+Bt=0.6;// assuming a raised cosine signal spectrum
+SbyN=144;
+FM=(K*M)+(2-(1/M))*(1-K);
+eta_max=(2*Bt*FM*SbyN)/(eta);
+disp(eta_max,"The average number of photon,(photon) = ")
+// answer is wrong in a textbook
diff --git a/2183/CH8/EX8.5/Ex_8_5.sce b/2183/CH8/EX8.5/Ex_8_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e3d70c069
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2183/CH8/EX8.5/Ex_8_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Example 8.5;//minumum incident optical power
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+nmax=732;//
+c=3*10^8;//m/s
+ht=6.62*10^-34;//plank constt.
+B=10^7;//NO. OF BITS
+h=1*10^-6;//wavelength in meter
+Po=((nmax*ht*B*c)/(2*h))*10^12;//pulse energy in pico Watt
+Podb=10*(log10(Po));//pulse energy in dB when refrence level is one Watt
+Podb1=10*(log10(Po*10^-9));//pulse energy in dB when refrence level is one mili Watt
+disp(Podb1 , "pulse energy at bit rate of 10 M bit s^-1 in dBm")
+B1=14*10^7;//NO. OF BITS
+Po1=((nmax*ht*B1*c)/(2*h))*10^12;//pulse energy in pico Watt
+Podb1=10*(log10(Po1));//pulse energy in dB when refrence level is one Watt
+Podb2=10*(log10(Po1*10^-9));//pulse energy in dB when refrence level is one mili Watt
+disp(Podb2 , "pulse energy at bit rate of 140 M bit s^-1 in dBm")
+//at 10 M bit s^-1 power is calc ulated wrong in the book
+
diff --git a/2183/CH8/EX8.6/Ex_8_6.sce b/2183/CH8/EX8.6/Ex_8_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9276eb498
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2183/CH8/EX8.6/Ex_8_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// Example 8.6;//total channel loss
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+afc=5;//attenuation in dB/km
+aj=2;//splice loss in dB/km
+l=5;//length in km
+ac=3;//dB
+ac1=4.5;//dB
+cl=(afc+aj)*l+ac+ac1;//dB
+disp(cl,"tota channel loss in dB is")
diff --git a/2183/CH8/EX8.7.a/Ex_8_7_a.sce b/2183/CH8/EX8.7.a/Ex_8_7_a.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c90b9b002
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2183/CH8/EX8.7.a/Ex_8_7_a.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Example 8.7.a //dispersion equalization penalty
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+sg=0.65;// ns km^-1
+l=8;//km
+st=sg*l;//ns
+bt=20;//M bit s^-1
+dlw=2*(2*st*10^-9*bt*10^6*sqrt(2))^4;//dB
+st1=sg*sqrt(l);//ns
+dlw1=2*(2*st1*10^-9*bt*10^6*sqrt(2))^4;//dB
+disp(dlw,"dispersion equalization penalty in dB without mode coupling at bit rate of 20 M bit s^-1")
+disp(dlw1,"dispersion equalization penalty in dB with mode coupling at bit rate of 20 M bit s^-1")
+//penalty with mode coupling is calculated wrong in the book
diff --git a/2183/CH8/EX8.7.b/Ex_8_7_b.sce b/2183/CH8/EX8.7.b/Ex_8_7_b.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..95eb1d982
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2183/CH8/EX8.7.b/Ex_8_7_b.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Example 8.7.b;//dispersion equalization penalty
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+sg=0.65;// ns km^-1
+l=8;//km
+st=sg*l;//ns
+bt=140;//M bit s^-1
+dlw=2*(2*st*10^-9*bt*10^6*sqrt(2))^4;//dB
+st1=sg*sqrt(l);//ns
+dlw1=2*(2*st1*10^-9*bt*10^6*sqrt(2))^4;//dB
+disp(dlw,"dispersion equalization penalty in dB without mode coupling at bit rate of 20 M bit s^-1")
+disp(dlw1,"dispersion equalization penalty in dB with mode coupling at bit rate of 20 M bit s^-1")
+//answer is calculated wrong in the book
diff --git a/2183/CH8/EX8.8/Ex_8_8.sce b/2183/CH8/EX8.8/Ex_8_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9256c65de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2183/CH8/EX8.8/Ex_8_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+// Example 8.8 //bit rate
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+ts=8;//ns
+l=8;//km
+tn=4;//ns
+tn1=tn*l;//ns
+tc=1;//
+tc1=tc*l;//ns
+td=5;//ns
+tsys=1.1*sqrt(ts^2+tn1^2+tc1^2+td^2);//ns
+btmax=(0.7/(tsys*10^-9))*10^-6;//M bit/s
+bt=btmax/2;//
+disp(bt,"maximum bit rate for NRZ format in MHz")
diff --git a/2183/CH8/EX8.9.a/Ex_8_9_a.sce b/2183/CH8/EX8.9.a/Ex_8_9_a.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3e67f5df5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2183/CH8/EX8.9.a/Ex_8_9_a.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Example 8.9.a //Link length
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+pi=-3;//dBm
+po=-56;//dBm
+ac=2;//dBm
+ma=8;//dBm
+afc=0.4;//dBm
+aj=0.1;//dBm
+l=((pi-po-ac-ma)/(afc+aj));//km
+disp(l,"link length when operating at 50 M bit/s in km is")
diff --git a/2183/CH8/EX8.9.b/Ex_8_9_b.sce b/2183/CH8/EX8.9.b/Ex_8_9_b.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..663ba9c8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2183/CH8/EX8.9.b/Ex_8_9_b.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Example 8.9.b;//Link length
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+pi=-3;//dBm
+po=-42;//dBm
+ac=2;//dBm
+ma=8;//dBm
+afc=0.4;//dBm
+aj=0.1;//dBm
+l=((pi-po-ac-ma)/(afc+aj));//km
+disp(l,"link length when operating at 500 M bit/s in km is")
diff --git a/2183/CH8/EX8.9.c/Ex_8_9_c.sce b/2183/CH8/EX8.9.c/Ex_8_9_c.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0644ec5e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2183/CH8/EX8.9.c/Ex_8_9_c.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// Example 8.9.c;//Link length
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+pi=-3;//dBm
+po=-42;//dBm
+ac=2;//dBm
+ma=8;//dBm
+afc=0.4;//dBm
+aj=0.1;//dBm
+dl=1.5;//dbm
+l=((pi-po-ac-ma-dl)/(afc+aj));//km
+disp(l,"link length when dispersion equalisation penalty is included in km is")