initial commit / add all books

22 files changed, 697 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/213/CH16/EX16.1/16_1.sce b/213/CH16/EX16.1/16_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..828b56ce4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/213/CH16/EX16.1/16_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//To find maximum and minimum speeds

+clc

+//Given:

+m=6.5*1000 //kg

+k=1.8 //m

+deltaE=56*1000 //N-m

+N=120 //rpm

+//Solution:

+//Calculating the maximum and minimum speeds

+//We know that fluctuation of energy, deltaE = %pi^2/900*m*k^2*N*(N1-N2), or N1-N2 = (deltaE/(%pi^2/900*m*k^2*N))    .....(i)

+//Also mean speed, N = (N1+N2)/2, or N1+N2 = 2*N                                                                     .....(ii)

+A=[1 -1; 1 1]

+B=[deltaE/(%pi^2/900*m*k^2*N); 2*N]

+V=A \ B

+N1=round(V(1)) //rpm

+N2=round(V(2)) //rpm

+//Results:

+printf("\n\n Maximum speed, N1 = %d rpm.\n\n",N1)

+printf(" Minimum speed, N2 = %d rpm.\n\n",N2)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/213/CH16/EX16.10/16_10.sce b/213/CH16/EX16.10/16_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f9c8feae2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/213/CH16/EX16.10/16_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+//To find mass of the rim

+clc

+//Given:

+a1=0.45*10^-3, a2=1.7*10^-3, a3=6.8*10^-3, a4=0.65*10^-3 //m^2

+N1=202, N2=198 //rpm

+R=1.2 //m

+//Solution:

+//Refer Fig. 16.12

+//Calculating the net area

+a=a3-(a1+a2+a4) //Net area, m^2

+//Calculating the energy scale constant

+c=3*10^6 //Energy scale constant, N-m

+//Calculating the net work done per cycle

+WD=a*c //Net work done per cycle, N-m

+//Calculating the mean torque

+Tmean=WD/(4*%pi) //N-m

+//Calculating the value of FG

+FG=Tmean //N-m

+//Calculating the work done during expansion stroke

+WDe=a3*c //Work done during expansion stroke, N-m

+//Calculating the value of AG

+AG=WDe/(1/2*%pi) //N-m

+//Calculating the excess torque

+Texcess=AG-FG //N-m

+//Calculating the value of AF

+AF=Texcess //N-m

+//Calculating the value of DE

+DE=AF/AG*%pi //rad

+//Calculating the maximum fluctuation of energy

+deltaE=1/2*DE*AF //N-m

+//Mass of the rim of a flywheel:

+//Calculating the mean speed of the flywheel

+N=(N1+N2)/2 //rpm

+//Calculating the mass of the rim of a flywheel

+m=deltaE/(%pi^2/900*R^2*N*(N1-N2)) //kg

+//Results:

+printf("\n\n Mass of the rim of the flywheel, m = %d kg.\n\n",m)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/213/CH16/EX16.12/16_12.sce b/213/CH16/EX16.12/16_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6f9cab113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/213/CH16/EX16.12/16_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+//To find fluctuation of energy and speed

+clc

+//Given:

+m=500 //kg

+k=0.4 //m

+N=150 //rpm

+//Solution:

+//Refer Fig. 16.14

+//Calculating the angular speed of the crank

+omega=2*%pi*N/60 //rad/s

+//Fluctuation of energy:

+//Equating the change in torque to zero and calculating the value of theta

+thetaA=asind(0), thetaC=asind(0)+180, thetaE=asind(0)+360 //degrees

+thetaB=acosd(1/(2*(600/500))), thetaD=360-acosd(1/(2*(600/500))) //degrees

+//Calculating the maximum fluctuation of energy

+deltaE=round(integrate('(5000+600*sin(2*theta))-(5000+500*sin(theta))','theta',thetaC*%pi/180,thetaD*%pi/180)) //N-m

+//Calculating the total percentage fluctuation of speed

+CS=deltaE/(m*k^2*omega^2)*100 //%

+//Maximum and minimum angular acceleration of the flywheel and the corresponding shaft positions:

+//Calculating the maximum or minimum values of theta

+//Differentiating (600*sin(2*theta))-500*sin(theta) = 0 with respect to theta and equating to zero, we get 12*2*(cosd(theta))^2-5*cosd(theta)-12 = 0

+a=12*2, b=-5, c=-12

+cosdtheta1=(-b+sqrt(b^2-4*a*c))/(2*a)

+cosdtheta2=(-b-sqrt(b^2-4*a*c))/(2*a)

+theta1=round(acosd(cosdtheta1)), theta2=acosd(cosdtheta2) //degrees

+//Calculating the maximum torque

+Tmax=600*sind(2*theta1)-500*sind(theta1) //N-m

+//Calculating the minimum torque

+Tmin=600*sind(2*theta2)-500*sind(theta2) //N-m

+//Calculating the maximum acceleration

+alphamax=Tmax/(m*k^2) //rad/s^2

+//Calculating the minimum acceleration

+alphamin=abs(Tmin)/(m*k^2) //rad/s^2

+//Results:

+printf("\n\n Fluctuation of energy, deltaE = %d N-m.\n\n",deltaE)

+printf(" Total percentage fluctuation of speed, CS = %.1f %c.\n\n",CS,"%")

+printf(" Shaft position corresponding to maximum and minimum accelerations, theta = %d degrees and %.1f degrees.\n\n",theta1,theta2)

+printf(" Maximum acceleration, alphamax = %.2f rad/s^2.\n\n",alphamax)

+printf(" Minimum acceleration, alphamin = %.1f rad/s^2.\n\n",alphamin)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/213/CH16/EX16.13/16_13.sce b/213/CH16/EX16.13/16_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6e4450e47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/213/CH16/EX16.13/16_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+//To find power, fluctuation and torque

+clc

+//Given:

+I=1000 //kg-m^2

+N=300 //rpm

+//Solution:

+//Refer Fig. 16.15 and Fig. 16.16

+//Calculating the angular speed of the crank

+omega=2*%pi*N/60 //rad/s

+//Power of the engine:

+//Calculating the work done per revolution

+WD=integrate('5000+1500*sin(3*theta)','theta',0,2*%pi) //Work done per cycle, N-m

+//Calculating the mean resisting torque

+Tmean=WD/(2*%pi) //N-m

+//Calculating the power of the engine

+P=Tmean*omega/1000 //kW

+//Maximum fluctuation of the speed of the flywheel when resisting torque is constant:

+//Calculating the value of theta

+sind3theta=(5000-5000)/1500

+theta=1/3*(asind(sind3theta)+180) //degrees

+//Calculating the maximum fluctuation of energy

+deltaE=integrate('5000+1500*sin(3*theta)-5000','theta',0,60*%pi/180) //N-m

+//Calculating the maximum fluctuation of speed of the flywheel

+CS1=deltaE/(I*omega^2)*100 //%

+//Maximum fluctuation of speed of the flywheel when resisting torque (5000+600*sin(theta)) N-m:

+//Calculating the values of theta, thetaB and thetaC

+thetaB=asind(sqrt((1/4*(3-600/1500)))) //degrees

+thetaC=180-thetaB //degrees

+//Calculating the maximum fluctuation of energy

+deltaE=round(integrate('(5000+1500*sin(3*theta))-(5000+600*sin(theta))','theta',thetaB*%pi/180,thetaC*%pi/180)) //N-m

+//Calculating the maximum fluctuation of speed of the flywheel

+CS2=abs(deltaE)/(I*omega^2)*100 //%

+//Results:

+printf("\n\n Power of the engine, P = %.1f kW.\n\n",P)

+printf(" Maximum fluctuation of the speed of the flywheel when resisting torque is constant, CS = %.1f %c.\n\n",CS1,"%")

+printf(" Maximum fluctuation of speed of the flywheel when resisting torque (5000+600*sin(theta)) N-m, CS = %.3f %c.\n\n",CS2,"%")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/213/CH16/EX16.14/16_14.sce b/213/CH16/EX16.14/16_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9b89721e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/213/CH16/EX16.14/16_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+//To find diameter and cross section

+clc

+//Given:

+N=800 //rpm

+stroke=300 //mm

+sigma=7*10^6 //N/m^2

+rho=7200 //kg/m^3

+//Solution:

+//Refer Fig. 16.18

+//Calculating the angular speed of the engine

+omega=2*%pi*N/60 //rad/s

+//Calculating the coefficient of fluctuation of speed

+CS=4/100

+//Diameter of the flywheel rim:

+//Calculating the peripheral velocity of the flywheel rim

+v=sqrt(sigma/rho) //m/s

+//Calculating the diameter of the flywheel rim

+D=v*60/(%pi*N) //m

+//Cross-section of the flywheel rim:

+//Calculating the value of 1 mm^2 on the turning moment diagram

+c=500*%pi/30 //Value of 1 mm^2 on the turning moment diagram, N-m

+//Calculating the maximum fluctuation of energy

+deltaE=round((420-(-30))*c) //N-m

+//Calculating the mass of the flywheel rim

+m=deltaE/(v^2*CS) //kg

+//Calculating the thickness of the flywheel rim

+t=sqrt(m/(%pi*D*5*rho))*1000 //mm

+//Calculating the width of the flywheel rim

+b=5*t //mm

+//Results:

+printf("\n\n Diameter of the flywheel rim, D = %.3f m.\n\n",D)

+printf(" Thickness of the flywheel rim, t = %d mm.\n\n",t)

+printf(" Width of the flywheel rim, b = %d mm.\n\n",b)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/213/CH16/EX16.15/16_15.sce b/213/CH16/EX16.15/16_15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..52732a0de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/213/CH16/EX16.15/16_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+//To find mass and cross section

+clc

+//Given:

+P=150*1000 //W

+N=80 //rpm

+CE=0.1

+D=2, R=D/2 //m

+rho=7200 //kg/m^3

+//Solution:

+//Calculating the angular speed of the engine

+omega=2*%pi*N/60 //rad/s

+//Calculating the coefficient of fluctuation of speed

+CS=4/100

+//Mass of the flywheel rim:

+//Calculating the work done per cycle

+WD=P*60/N //Work done per cycle, N-m

+//Calculating the maximum fluctuation of energy

+deltaE=WD*CE //N-m

+//Calculating the mass moment of inertia of the flywheel

+I=deltaE/(omega^2*CS) //kg-m^2

+//Calculating the mass moment of inertia of the flywheel rim

+Irim=0.95*I //kg-m^2

+//Calculating the mass of the flywheel rim

+k=R //Radius of gyration, m

+m=Irim/k^2 //kg

+//Calculating the cross-sectional area of the flywheel rim

+A=m/(2*%pi*R*rho) //m^2

+//Resilts:

+printf("\n\n Mass of the flywheel rim, m = %d kg.\n\n",m)

+printf(" Cross-sectional area of the flywheel rim, A = %.3f m^2.\n\n",A)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/213/CH16/EX16.16/16_16.sce b/213/CH16/EX16.16/16_16.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1ce9bf254
--- /dev/null
+++ b/213/CH16/EX16.16/16_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+//To find MI and dimensions

+clc

+//Given:

+N=600 //rpm

+rho=7250 //kg/m^3

+sigma=6*10^6 //N/m^2

+//Solution:

+//Refer Fig. 16.19

+//Calculating the angular speed of the engine

+omega=2*%pi*N/60 //rad/s

+//Calculating the total fluctuation of speed

+CS=2/100

+//Moment of inertia of the flywheel:

+//Calculating the value of 1 mm^2 of turning moment diagram

+c=250*%pi/60 //Value of 1 mm^2 of turning moment diagram, N-m

+//Calculating the maximum fluctuation of energy

+deltaE=round((162-(-35))*c) //N-m

+//Calculating the moment of inertia of the flywheel

+I=deltaE/(omega^2*CS) //kg-m^2

+//Dimensions of the flywheel rim:

+//Calculating the peripheral velocity of the flywheel

+v=sqrt(sigma/rho) //m/s

+//Calculating the mean diameter of the flywheel

+D=v*60/(%pi*N) //m

+//Calculating the maximum fluctuation of energy of the flywheel rim

+deltaErim=0.92*deltaE //N-m

+//Calculating the mass of the flywheel rim

+m=deltaErim/(v^2*CS) //kg

+//Calculating the thickness of the flywheel rim

+t=sqrt(m/(%pi*D*2*rho))*1000 //mm

+//Calculating the breadth of the flywheel rim

+b=2*t //mm

+//Results:

+printf("\n\n Moment of inertia of the flywheel, I = %.1f kg-m^2.\n\n",I)

+printf(" Thickness of the flywheel rim, t = %.1f mm.\n\n",t)

+printf(" Breadth of the flywheel rim, b = %.1f mm.\n\n",b)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/213/CH16/EX16.17/16_17.sce b/213/CH16/EX16.17/16_17.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..572f6c36d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/213/CH16/EX16.17/16_17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+//To find MI and size

+clc

+//Given:

+a1=5*10^-5, a2=21*10^-5, a3=85*10^-5, a4=8*10^-5 //m^2

+N2=98, N1=102 //rpm

+rho=8150 //kg/m^3

+sigma=7.5*10^6 //N/m^2

+//Solution:

+//Refer Fig. 16.20

+//Calculating the net area

+a=a3-(a1+a2+a4) //Net area, m^2

+//Calculating the value of 1 m^2 on the turning moment diagram in terms of work

+c=14*10^6 //Value of 1 m^2 on the turning moment diagram, N-m

+//Calculating the net work done per cycle

+WD=a*c //Net work done per cycle, N-m

+//Calculating the mean torque on the flywheel

+Tmean=WD/(4*%pi) //N-m

+FG=Tmean //N-m

+//Calculating the work done during expansion stroke

+WDe=a3*c //Work done during expansion stroke, N-m

+//Calculating the value of AG

+AG=WDe/(1/2*%pi) //N-m

+//Calculating the excess torque

+Texcess=AG-FG //Excess torque, N-m

+AF=Texcess //N-m

+//Calculating the value of DE

+DE=AF/AG*%pi //rad

+//Calculating the maximum fluctuation of energy

+deltaE=1/2*DE*AF //N-m

+//Moment of inertia of the flywheel:

+//Calculating the mean speed during the cycle

+N=(N1+N2)/2 //rpm

+//Calculating the corresponding angular mean speed

+omega=2*%pi*N/60 //rad/s

+//Calculating the coefficient of fluctuation of speed

+CS=(N1-N2)/N

+//Calculating the moment of inertia of the flywheel

+I=deltaE/(omega^2*CS) //kg-m^2

+//Size of flywheel:

+//Calculating the peripheral velocity of the flywheel

+v=sqrt(sigma/rho) //m/s

+//Calculating the mean diameter of the flywheel

+D=v*60/(%pi*N) //m

+//Calculating the mass of the flywheel rim

+m=deltaE/(v^2*CS) //kg

+//Calculating the thickness of the flywheel rim

+t=sqrt(m/(%pi*D*4*rho))*1000 //mm

+//Calculating the width of the flywheel rim

+b=4*t //mm

+//Results:

+printf("\n\n Moment of inertia of the flywheel, I = %d kg-m^2.\n\n",I)

+printf(" Thickness of the flywheel rim, t = %.1f mm.\n\n",t)

+printf(" Width of the flywheel rim, b = %.1f mm.\n\n",b)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/213/CH16/EX16.18/16_18.sce b/213/CH16/EX16.18/16_18.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..810ec4a7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/213/CH16/EX16.18/16_18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+//To find diameter and cross section

+clc

+//Given:

+P=50*1000 //W

+N=150 //rpm

+n=75

+sigma=4*10^6 //N/m^2

+rho=7200 //kg/m^3

+//Solution:

+//Refer Fig. 16.21

+//Calculating the angular speed of the engine

+omega=2*%pi*N/60 //rad/s

+//Calculating the mean torque transmitted by the flywheel

+Tmean=P/omega //N-m

+FG=Tmean //N-m

+//Calculating the work done per cycle

+WD=Tmean*4*%pi //Work done per cycle, N-m

+//Calculating the work done during power stroke

+WDp=1.4*WD //Work done during power stroke, N-m

+//Calculating the maximum torque transmitted by the flywheel

+Tmax=WDp/(1/2*%pi) //N-m

+BF=Tmax //N-m

+//Calculating the excess torque

+Texcess=Tmax-Tmean //N-m

+BG=Texcess //N-m

+//Calculating the value of DE

+DE=BG/BF*%pi //N-m

+//Calculating the maximum fluctuation of energy

+deltaE=1/2*DE*BG //N-m

+//Mean diameter of the flywheel:

+//Calculating the peripheral velocity of the flywheel

+v=sqrt(sigma/rho) //m/s

+//Calculating the mean diameter of the flywheel

+D=v*60/(%pi*N) //m

+//Cross-sectional dimensions of the rim:

+//Calculating the coefficient of fluctuation of speed

+CS=1/100

+//Calculating the total energy of the flywheel

+E=deltaE/(2*CS) //N-m

+//Calculating the energy of the rim

+Erim=15/16*E //N-m

+//Calculating the mass of the flywheel rim

+m=Erim/(1/2*v^2) //kg

+//Calculating the thickness of the rim

+t=round(sqrt(m/(%pi*D*4*rho))*1000) //mm

+//Calculating the width of the rim

+b=4*t //mm

+//Results:

+printf("\n\n Mean diameter of the flywheel, D = %d m.\n\n",D)

+printf(" Thickness of the flywheel rim, t = %d mm.\n\n",t)

+printf(" Width of the flywheel rim, b = %d mm.\n\n",b)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/213/CH16/EX16.19/16_19.sce b/213/CH16/EX16.19/16_19.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..23af608a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/213/CH16/EX16.19/16_19.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//To find power and mass

+clc

+//Given:

+N1=225, N2=200 //rpm

+k=0.5 //m

+E1=15*1000 //N-m

+HolePunched=720 //per hour

+//Solution:

+//Power of the motor:

+//Calculating the total energy required per second

+E=E1*HolePunched/3600 //N-m/s

+//Calculating the power of the motor

+P=E/1000 //kW

+//Minimum mass of the flywheel:

+//Calculating the energy supplied by the motor in 2 seconds

+E2=E*2 //N-m

+//Calculating the energy supplied by the flywheel during punching

+deltaE=E1-E2 //N-m

+//Calculating the mean speed of the flywheel

+N=(N1+N2)/2 //rpm

+//Calculating the minimum mass of the flywheel

+m=round(deltaE*900/(%pi^2*k^2*N*(N1-N2))) //kg

+//Results:

+printf("\n\n Power of the motor, P = %d kW.\n\n",P)

+printf(" Minimum mass of the flywheel, m = %d kg.\n\n",m)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/213/CH16/EX16.2/16_2.sce b/213/CH16/EX16.2/16_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6c2a6da14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/213/CH16/EX16.2/16_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//To find angular acceleration and KE

+clc

+//Given:

+k=1 //m

+m=2500 //kg

+T=1500 //N-m

+//Solution:

+//Angular acceleration of the flywheel:

+//Calculating the mass moment of inertia of the flywheel

+I=m*k^2 //kg-m^2

+//Calculating the angular acceleration of the flywheel

+alpha=T/I //rad/s^2

+//Kinetic energy of the flywheel:

+omega1=0 //Angular speed at rest

+//Calculating the angular speed after 10 seconds

+omega2=omega1+alpha*10 //rad/s

+//Calculating the kinetic energy of the flywheel

+KE=1/2*I*(omega2)^2/1000 //Kinetic energy of the flywheel, kN-m

+//Results:

+printf("\n\n Angular acceleration of the flywheel, alpha = %.1f rad/s^2.\n\n",alpha)

+printf(" Kinetic energy of the flywheel = %d kN-m.\n\n",KE)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/213/CH16/EX16.20/16_20.sce b/213/CH16/EX16.20/16_20.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..89e031e49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/213/CH16/EX16.20/16_20.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+//To find power and mass

+clc

+//Given:

+d=38, t=32, s=100 //mm

+E1=7 //N-m/mm^2 of sheared area

+v=25 //m/s

+//Solution:

+//Power of the motor required:

+//Calculating the sheared area

+A=round(%pi*d*t) //mm^2

+//Calculating the total energy required per hole

+E1=E1*A //N-m

+//Calculating the energy required for punching work per second

+E=E1/10 //Energy required for punching work per second, N-m/s

+//Calculating the power of the motor required

+P=E/1000 //Power of the motor required, kW

+//Mass of the flywheel required:

+//Calculating the time required to punch a hole in a 32 mm thick plate

+t32=10/(2*s)*t //Time required to punch a hole in 32 mm thick plate, seconds

+//Calculating the energy supplied by the motor in t32 seconds

+E2=E*t32 //N-m

+//Calculating the energy to be supplied by the flywheel during punching

+deltaE=E1-E2 //N-m

+//Calculating the coefficient of fluctuation of speed

+CS=3/100

+//Calculating the mass of the flywheel required

+m=round(deltaE/(v^2*CS)) //kg

+//Results:

+printf("\n\n Power of the motor required, P = %.3f kW.\n\n",P)

+printf(" Mass of the flywheel required, m = %d kg.\n\n",m)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/213/CH16/EX16.21/16_21.sce b/213/CH16/EX16.21/16_21.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..af910bb1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/213/CH16/EX16.21/16_21.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+//To find speed and number of rivets

+clc

+//Given:

+P=3 //kW

+m=150 //kg

+k=0.6 //m

+N1=300 //rpm

+//Solution:

+//Calculating the angular speed of the flywheel before riveting

+omega1=2*%pi*N1/60 //rad/s

+//Speed of the flywheel immediately after riveting:

+//Calculating the energy supplied by the motor

+E2=P*1000 //N-m/s

+//Calculating the energy absorbed during one riveting operation which takes 1 second

+E1=10000 //N-m

+//Calculating the energy to be supplied by the flywheel for each riveting operation per second

+deltaE=E1-E2 //N-m

+//Calculating the angular speed of the flywheel immediately after riveting

+omega2=sqrt(omega1^2-(2*deltaE/(m*k^2))) //rad/s

+//Calculating the corresponding speed in rpm

+N2=omega2*60/(2*%pi) //rpm

+//Calculating the number of rivets that can be closed per minute

+n=E2/E1*60 //Number of rivets that can be closed per minute

+//Results:

+printf("\n\n Speed of the flywheel immediately after riveting, N2 = %.1f rpm.\n\n",N2)

+printf(" Number of rivets that can be closed per minute = %d rivets.\n\n",n)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/213/CH16/EX16.22/16_22.sce b/213/CH16/EX16.22/16_22.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..46e410a85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/213/CH16/EX16.22/16_22.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+//To find mass of the flywheel

+clc

+//Given:

+d=40, t=15 //mm

+NoofHoles=30 //per minute

+EnergyRequired=6 //N-m/mm^2

+Time=1/10 //seconds

+N1=160, N2=140 //rpm

+k=1 //m

+//Solution:

+//Calculating the sheared area per hole

+A=round(%pi*d*t) //Sheared area per hole, mm^2

+//Calculating the energy required to punch a hole

+E1=EnergyRequired*A //N-m

+//Calculating the energy required for punching work per second

+E=E1*NoofHoles/60 //Energy required for punching work per second, N-m/s

+//Calculating the energy supplied by the motor during the time of punching

+E2=E*Time //N-m

+//Calculating the energy to be supplied by the flywheel during punching a hole

+deltaE=E1-E2 //N-m

+//Calculating the mean speed of the flywheel

+N=(N1+N2)/2 //rpm

+//Calculating the mass of the flywheel required

+m=round(deltaE*900/(%pi^2*k^2*N*(N1-N2))) //kg

+//Results:

+printf("\n\n Mass of the flywheel required, m = %d kg.\n\n",m)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/213/CH16/EX16.23/16_23.sce b/213/CH16/EX16.23/16_23.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4410f8d04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/213/CH16/EX16.23/16_23.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+//To find power and cross section

+clc

+//Given:

+n=25

+d1=25/1000, t1=18/1000, D=1.4, R=D/2 //m

+touu=300*10^6 //N/m^2

+etam=95/100, CS=0.1

+sigma=6*10^6 //N/m^2

+rho=7250 //kg/m^3

+//Solution:

+//Power needed for the driving motor:

+//Calculating the area of the plate sheared

+AS=%pi*d1*t1 //m^2

+//Calculating the maximum shearing force required for punching

+FS=AS*touu //N

+//Calculating the energy required per stroke

+E=1/2*FS*t1 //Energy required per stroke, N-m

+//Calculating the energy required per minute

+E1=E*n //Energy required per minute, N-m

+//Calculating the power required for the driving motor

+P=E1/(60*etam)/1000 //Energy required for the driving motor, kW

+//Dimensions for the rim cross-section:

+//Calculating the maximum fluctuation of energy

+deltaE=9/10*E //N-m

+//Calculating the maximum fluctuation of energy provided by the rim

+deltaErim=0.95*deltaE //N-m

+//Calculating the mean speed of the flywheel

+N=9*25 //rpm

+//Calculating the mean angular speed

+omega=2*%pi*N/60 //rad/s

+//Calculating the mass of the flywheel

+m=round(deltaErim/(R^2*omega^2*CS)) //kg

+//Calculating the thickness of rim

+t=sqrt(m/(%pi*D*2*rho))*1000 //mm

+//Calculating the width of rim

+b=2*t //mm

+//Results:

+printf("\n\n Power needed for the driving motor = %.3f kW.\n\n",P)

+printf(" Thickness of the flywheel rim, t = %d mm.\n\n",t)

+printf(" Width of the flywheel rim, b = %d mm.\n\n",b)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/213/CH16/EX16.3/16_3.sce b/213/CH16/EX16.3/16_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e2b47f107
--- /dev/null
+++ b/213/CH16/EX16.3/16_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//To find weight of flywheel

+clc

+//Given:

+P=300*1000 //W

+N=90 //rpm

+CE=0.1

+k=2 //m

+//Solution:

+//Calculating the mean angular speed

+omega=2*%pi*N/60 //rad/s

+//Calculating the coefficient of fluctuation of speed

+CS=1/100

+//Calculating the work done per cycle

+WD=P*60/N //Work done per cycle, N-m

+//Calculating the maximum fluctuation of energy

+deltaE=WD*CE //N-m

+//Calculating the mass of the flywheel

+m=deltaE/(k^2*omega^2*CS) //kg

+//Results:

+printf("\n\n Mass of the flywheel, m = %d kg.\n\n",m)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/213/CH16/EX16.4/16_4.sce b/213/CH16/EX16.4/16_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d4681e2e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/213/CH16/EX16.4/16_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//To find coefficient of fluctuation of speed

+clc

+//Given:

+m=36 //kg

+k=150/1000 //m

+N=1800 //rpm

+//Solution:

+//Refer Fig. 16.6

+//Calculating the angular speed of the crank

+omega=2*%pi*N/60 //rad/s

+//Calculating the value of 1 mm^2 on the turning moment diagram

+c=5*%pi/180 //Value of 1 mm^2 on turning miment diagram, N-m

+//Calculating the maximum fluctuation of energy

+//From the turning moment diagram, maximum energy = E+295, and minimum energy = E-690

+deltaE=(285-(-690))*c //N-m

+//Calculating the coefficient of fluctuation of energy

+CS=deltaE/(m*k^2*omega^2)*100 //%

+//Results:

+printf("\n\n Coefficient of fluctuation of speed, CS = %.1f %c.\n\n",CS,"%")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/213/CH16/EX16.5/16_5.sce b/213/CH16/EX16.5/16_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..57ae7f9f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/213/CH16/EX16.5/16_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//To find mass of the flywheel

+clc

+//Given:

+N=600 //rpm

+R=0.5 //m

+//Solution:

+//Refer Fig. 16.7

+//Calculating the angular speed of the crank

+omega=2*%pi*N/60 //rad/s

+//Calculating the coefficient of fluctuation of speed

+CS=3/100

+//Calculating the value of 1 mm^2 on turning moment diagram

+c=600*%pi/60 //Value of 1 mm^2 on turning moment diagram, N-m

+//Calculating the maximum fluctuation of energy

+//From the turning moment diagram, maximum fluctuation = E+52, and minimum fluctuation = E-120

+deltaE=(52-(-120))*c //N-m

+//Calculating the mass of the flywheel

+m=deltaE/(R^2*omega^2*CS) //kg

+//Results:

+printf("\n\n Mass of the flywheel, m = %d kg.\n\n",m)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/213/CH16/EX16.6/16_6.sce b/213/CH16/EX16.6/16_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5604daedd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/213/CH16/EX16.6/16_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+//To find power and speed fluctuation

+clc

+//Given:

+N=250 //rpm

+m=500 //kg

+k=600/1000 //m

+//Solution:

+//Refer Fig. 16.8

+//Calculating the angular speed of the crank

+omega=2*%pi*N/60 //rad/s

+//Calculating the torque required for one complete cycle

+T=(6*%pi*750)+(1/2*%pi*(3000-750))+(2*%pi*(3000-750))+(1/2*%pi*(3000-750)) //N-m

+//Calculating the mean torque

+Tmean=T/(6*%pi) //N-m

+//Calculating the power required to drive the machine

+P=Tmean*omega/1000 //kW

+//Coefficient of fluctuation of speed:

+//Calculating the value of LM

+LM=%pi*((3000-1875)/(3000-750))

+//Calculating the value of NP

+NP=%pi*((3000-1875)/(3000-750))

+//Calculating the value of BM

+BM=3000-1875 //N-m

+CN=BM

+//Calculating the value of MN

+MN=2*%pi

+//Calculating the maximum fluctuation of energy

+deltaE=(1/2*LM*BM)+(MN*BM)+(1/2*NP*CN) //N-m

+//Calculating the coefficient of fluctuation of speed

+CS=deltaE/(m*k^2*omega^2)

+//Results:

+printf("\n\n Power required to drive the machine, P = %.3f kW.\n\n",P)

+printf(" Coefficient of speed, CS = %.3f.\n\n",CS)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/213/CH16/EX16.7/16_7.sce b/213/CH16/EX16.7/16_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9c07dad33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/213/CH16/EX16.7/16_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+//To find coefficient of fluctuation

+clc

+//Given:

+N=100 //rpm

+k=1.75 //m

+//Solution:

+//Refer Fig. 16.9

+//Calculating the angular speed of the crank

+omega=2*%pi*N/60 //rad/s

+//Calculating the coefficient of fluctuation of speed

+CS=1.5/100

+//Coefficient of fluctuation of energy:

+AB=2000, LM=1500 //N-m

+//Calculating the work done per cycle

+WD=(1/2*%pi*AB)+(1/2*%pi*LM) //Work done per cycle, N-m

+//Calculating the mean resisting torque

+Tmean=WD/(2*%pi) //N-m

+//Calculating the value of CD

+CD=%pi/2000*(2000-875) //rad

+//Calculating the maximum fluctuation of energy

+deltaE=1/2*CD*(2000-875) //N-m

+//Calculating the coefficient of fluctuation of energy

+Ce=deltaE/WD*100 //%

+//Calculating the mass of the flywheel

+m=deltaE/(k^2*omega^2*CS) //kg

+//Crank angles for minimum and maximum speeds:

+//Calculating the value of CE

+CE=(2000-875)/2000*(4*%pi/9) //rad

+//Calculating the crank angle for minimum speed

+thetaC=((4*%pi/9)-CE)*180/%pi //degrees

+//Calculating the value of ED

+ED=(2000-875)/2000*(%pi-(4*%pi/9)) //rad

+//Calculating the crank angle for maximum speed

+thetaD=((4*%pi/9)+ED)*180/%pi //degrees

+//Results:

+printf("\n\n Coefficient of fluctuation of energy, CE = %d %c.\n\n",Ce,"%")

+printf(" Mass of the flywheel, m = %.1f kg.\n\n",m)

+printf(" Crank angle from IDC for the minimum speed, thetaC = %d degrees.\n\n",thetaC)

+printf(" Crank angle from IDC for the maximum speed, thetaD = %d degrees.\n\n",thetaD)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/213/CH16/EX16.8/16_8.sce b/213/CH16/EX16.8/16_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fb40d5c3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/213/CH16/EX16.8/16_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+//To find power and coefficients

+clc

+//Given:

+N=600 //rpm

+Tmax=90 //N-m

+m=12 //kg

+k=80/1000 //m

+//Solution:

+//Refer Fig. 16.10

+//Calculating the angular speed of the crank

+omega=2*%pi*N/60 //rad/s

+//Power developed:

+//Calculating the work done per cycle

+WD=3*1/2*%pi*90 //Work done per cycle, N-m

+//Calculating the mean torque

+Tmean=WD/(2*%pi) //N-m\

+//Calculating the power developed

+P=Tmean*omega/1000 //Power developed, kW

+//Coefficient of fluctuation of speed:

+//Calculating the maximum fluctuation of energy

+//From the torque-crank angle diagram, maximum energy=E+5.89, and minimum energy=E-5.89

+deltaE=5.89-(-5.89) //N-m

+//Calculating the coefficient of fluctuation of speed

+CS=round(deltaE/(m*k^2*omega^2)*100) //%

+//Calculating the coefficient of fluctuation of energy

+CE=deltaE/WD*100 //%

+//Calculating the maximum angular acceleration of the flywheel

+alpha=(Tmax-Tmean)/(m*k^2) //rad/s^2

+//Results:

+printf("\n\n Power developed = %.2f kW.\n\n",P)

+printf(" Coefficient of fluctuation of speed, CS = %d %c.\n\n",CS,"%")

+printf(" Coefficient of fluctuation of energy, CE = %.2f %c.\n\n",CE,"%")

+printf(" Maximum angular acceleration of the flywheel, alpha = %d rad/s^2.\n\n",alpha)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/213/CH16/EX16.9/16_9.sce b/213/CH16/EX16.9/16_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1ea7b81e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/213/CH16/EX16.9/16_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+//To find moment of inertia

+clc

+//Given:

+P=20*1000 //W

+N=300 //rpm

+//Solution:

+//Refer Fig. 16.11

+//Calculating the angular speed of the crank

+omega=2*%pi*N/60 //ra/s

+//Calculating the coefficient of fluctuation of speed

+CS=4/100

+//Calculating the number of working strokes per cycle for a four stroke engine

+n=N/2

+//Calculating the work done per cycle

+WD=P*60/n //Work done per cycle, N-m

+//Calculating the work done during expansion cycle

+WE=WD*3/2 //N-m

+//Calculating the maximum turning moment

+Tmax=WE*2/%pi //N-m

+//Calculating the mean turning moment

+Tmean=WD/(4*%pi) //N-m

+//Calculating the excess turning moment

+Texcess=Tmax-Tmean //N-m

+//Calculating the value of DE

+DE=Texcess/Tmax*%pi //rad

+//Calculating the maximum fluctuation of energy

+deltaE=(1/2*DE*Texcess) //N-m

+//Calculating the moment of inertia of the flywheel

+I=deltaE/(omega^2*CS) //kg-m^2

+//Results:

+printf("\n\n Moment of inertia of the flywheel, I = %.1f kg-m^2.\n\n",I)
\ No newline at end of file