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| author | priyanka | 2015-06-24 15:03:17 +0530 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | priyanka | 2015-06-24 15:03:17 +0530 |
| commit | b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b (patch) | |
| tree | ab291cffc65280e58ac82470ba63fbcca7805165 /1991 | |
| download | Scilab-TBC-Uploads-b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b.tar.gz Scilab-TBC-Uploads-b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b.tar.bz2 Scilab-TBC-Uploads-b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b.zip | |
initial commit / add all books
Diffstat (limited to '1991')
114 files changed, 1372 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/1991/CH1/EX1.1/1.sce b/1991/CH1/EX1.1/1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1513b21aa --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH1/EX1.1/1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+x=(0:50:550)//temperature difference in x axis
+y=[0,0.43,0.79,1.10,1.36,1.54,1.69,1.77,1.80,1.78,1.70,1.54]//emf in y axis
+//calculation
+title("a graph of E vs teta")//setting title for graph
+xlabel("temperature difference teta")//setting x label
+ylabel("emf E")//setting y label
+plot(x,y)//plotting the graph
+printf("from the grapgh it can be determined that neutral temperature is 400deg C")
+x=(50:50:550)//temperature difference in x axis
+y=[8.6,7.9,7.3,6.8,6.2,5.6,5.1,4.5,4.0,3.4,2.8] //E/theta in y axis
+plot(x,y,"+-")//plotting the graph
+title("a graph of E/teta vs teta")//set title
+xlabel("temperature difference teta")//set x label
+ylabel(" E/teta")//set y label
+legend("E Vs Theta","E/theta Vs theta")
+b=-(4.5*10^-6)/400//gradient of graph is b
+a=4.5*10^-6-(b*400)//finding the intercept on y axis by substututing the points(400,4.5) in line equation
+printf("\n the value of b is %3.3e VdegC^-2",b)
+printf("\n the value of a is %3.3e VdegC^-1",a)
+
+
diff --git a/1991/CH1/EX1.1/graph1.jpeg b/1991/CH1/EX1.1/graph1.jpeg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..35512eafd --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH1/EX1.1/graph1.jpeg diff --git a/1991/CH1/EX1.1/graph2.jpeg b/1991/CH1/EX1.1/graph2.jpeg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..85c4fd1f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH1/EX1.1/graph2.jpeg diff --git a/1991/CH10/EX10.1/1.sce b/1991/CH10/EX10.1/1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6b9b0bcdd --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH10/EX10.1/1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+h=6.6*10^-34 //plancks constant
+c=3*10^8 //velocity of light
+e1=12.34//excited state
+e2=14.19//ground state
+//calculation
+l=(h*c)/((e2-e1)*1.6*10^-19)//conservation of energy and plancks theory
+//output
+printf("the wavelength is %3.3e m",l)
diff --git a/1991/CH10/EX10.2/2.sce b/1991/CH10/EX10.2/2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..621deafa5 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH10/EX10.2/2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+la=0.535*10^-6//wavelength
+nb=1.51//refractive index
+dmin=34 //minimum deviation
+//calculation
+l=la/nb//wavelength of light
+x=(nb-cosd(dmin/2))/sind(dmin/2)//refractive index of prism
+y=acotd(x)
+z=y*2
+//output
+printf("the wavelength of light is %3.3e m",l)
+printf("\nthe angle of prism is %3.0d deg",z)
diff --git a/1991/CH10/EX10.3/3.sce b/1991/CH10/EX10.3/3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..19e459ab4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH10/EX10.3/3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+n=7//order of fringe
+l=0.63*10^-6 //wavelength
+x=24.8*10^-3 //seperation of bands
+d=1.5
+//calculation
+a=n*d*l/x//slit seperation
+//output
+printf("the slit seperation is %3.3e m",a)
diff --git a/1991/CH10/EX10.4/4.sce b/1991/CH10/EX10.4/4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6eed23f7b --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH10/EX10.4/4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+n=6//order of fringe
+l=0.63*10^-6 //wavelength
+x=24.8*10^-3 //seperation of bands
+d=1.5
+a=2.7*10^-4
+//calculation
+x=d*(6+1/2)*l/a//distance between centre and sixth fringe
+w=l*1.6/a//fringe width
+//output
+printf("the distance between centre and sixth fringe is %3.3e m",x)
+printf("\nthe fringe width is %3.3e m",w)
diff --git a/1991/CH10/EX10.5/5.sce b/1991/CH10/EX10.5/5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e1e13ec66 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH10/EX10.5/5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+a=4//widge dimension
+b=64//edge of tissue
+c=33//bright fringes
+l=0.53*10^-6 //wavelength
+//calculation
+m=b*c/a//number of bright fringes
+t=m*l/2//thickness
+//output
+printf("the thickness is %3.3e m and hence number of fringes also increases",t)
diff --git a/1991/CH10/EX10.6/6.sce b/1991/CH10/EX10.6/6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9cf3d06c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH10/EX10.6/6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+n1=6//6th order image
+n2=5//5th order image
+n=3000//lines per cm
+//calculation
+l=n2*0.11*10^-6/(6-5)//applying dsinx=nl
+l1=l+(0.11*10^-6)//applying dsinx=nl
+d=1/(n*100)//applying dsinx=nl ,grating space calculation
+x=n1*l/d
+y=asind(x)
+//output
+printf("the wavenlength of first wave is %3.3e m",l)
+printf("\nthe wavenlength of second wave is %3.3e m",l1)
+printf("\n the angular displacement is %3.3f deg",y)
diff --git a/1991/CH10/EX10.7/7.sce b/1991/CH10/EX10.7/7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1f27d87ad --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH10/EX10.7/7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+n2=1.36//refractive index
+N=5000*100 //number of lines per m
+t=23 //angle of diffraction
+//calculation
+l=sind(t)/(n2*N)//applying dsinx=nl,calculating wavelength
+x=N*l//angle of diffraction
+y=asind(x)
+//output
+printf("the wavelength of light in methanol is %3.3e m",l)
+printf("\n the angle of diffraction is %3.3f degrees",y)
diff --git a/1991/CH10/EX10.8/8.sce b/1991/CH10/EX10.8/8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fb03bc89a --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH10/EX10.8/8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+fo=1.5//objective's focal length
+fc=0.04//eyepiece focal length
+//calculation
+m=fo/fc//angular magnification
+v=fc*(fc+fo)/fo//distance of eye ring from eyepiece
+//output
+printf("the angular magnification is %3.2f",m)
+printf("\n the distance of eye ring from eyepiece is %3.3f m",v)
diff --git a/1991/CH11/EX11.1/1.sce b/1991/CH11/EX11.1/1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..22e3fcdad --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH11/EX11.1/1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+vp=50//ac source supply
+r1=35
+r2=1450 //resistors
+//calculation
+vs=4*vp//transformer equation
+i=100/(r1+r2)//peak current
+irms=i/sqrt(2)//rms current
+v0=100*r1/(r1+r2)
+pp=100-v0//peak pd
+//output
+printf("the rms value of current is %3.3f A",irms)
+printf("\n the peak pd is %3.3f V",pp)
diff --git a/1991/CH11/EX11.2/2.sce b/1991/CH11/EX11.2/2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5538c58dd --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH11/EX11.2/2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+vbe=1.2//pd across emitter
+ib=120*10^-6//base current
+v1=1.5//final voltafe
+i2=175*10^-6//increased current
+//calculation
+r=vbe/ib//static input resistence
+h=(v1-vbe)/(i2-ib)//input hybrid parameter
+//output
+printf("the static input resistence is %3.0e ohm",r)
+printf("\nthe input hybrid parameter is %3.3e ohm",h)
diff --git a/1991/CH11/EX11.3/3.sce b/1991/CH11/EX11.3/3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1b0e9d8cc --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH11/EX11.3/3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+v1=7.5//initial voltag
+v2=11.5//final voltage
+ic=18*10^-6//collector current
+//calculation
+r=(v2-v1)/ic//output resistance
+//output
+printf("the output resistance is %2.2e ohm ",r)
diff --git a/1991/CH11/EX11.4/4.sce b/1991/CH11/EX11.4/4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2c89710d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH11/EX11.4/4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+vbe=2.5//voltage across base-emitter
+hfe=75//current gain
+rb=75*10^3 //base current
+//calculation
+rc=5*rb/(vbe*hfe)//collector load resistance
+//output
+printf("the collector load resistance is %2.2e ohm",rc)
diff --git a/1991/CH2/EX2.1/1.sce b/1991/CH2/EX2.1/1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e75927ab7 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH2/EX2.1/1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input from given graph
+//calculation of initial accleration
+ia=18/4
+// calculation of final accleration
+fa=-18/10
+decel=-(fa)//calculation of deceleration
+//calculation of total distance covered
+d=0.5*(4*18)+(8*18)+0.5*(10*18)//area under velocity time graph
+//output
+printf("\n the initial acceleration is %3.3f m/s^2",ia)
+printf("\n the final acceleration is %3.3f m/s^2",decel)
+printf("\n the distance covered is is %3.3f m",d)
diff --git a/1991/CH2/EX2.10/10.sce b/1991/CH2/EX2.10/10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1b44ac276 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH2/EX2.10/10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input magnitude of forces
+f1=40
+f2=50
+//calculation
+d=50^2+40^2+2*50*40*cosd(50)//finding the diagonal
+r=50^2+40^2+2*50*(40)*cosd(130)//reversing the side and finding diagonlprintf("the resultant is %3.3f",d1)
+r1=sqrt(r)//resultant sum
+d1=sqrt(d)// resultant when smaller force is subtracted from larger
+//output
+printf("1. the resultant sum is %3.3f N",d1)
+printf("\n 2. the resultant when smaller force is subtracted from larger is %3.3f N",r1)
diff --git a/1991/CH2/EX2.11/11.sce b/1991/CH2/EX2.11/11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9ab59733c --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH2/EX2.11/11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+v=380//velocity
+//calculation
+vh=v*cosd(60)//horizontal component
+vv=v*sind(60)//vertical component
+//output
+printf("the horizontal component is %3.3f ms^-1",vh)
+printf("\nthe vertical component is %3.3f ms^-1",vv)
diff --git a/1991/CH2/EX2.12/12.sce b/1991/CH2/EX2.12/12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bbfd9823f --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH2/EX2.12/12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+fc=50//force applied by magnet
+x=90-20 //angle of force
+//calculation
+fb=fc*sind(70)//force due to b
+fa=fc*cosd(70)//force due to a
+//output
+printf("the force due to b is %3.3f N",fb)
+printf("\nthe force due to b is %3.3f N",fa)
diff --git a/1991/CH2/EX2.13/13.sce b/1991/CH2/EX2.13/13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3fc0fcdf1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH2/EX2.13/13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+m1=1
+v1=25
+m2=2
+v2=0
+//calculation
+v=(m1*v1)+(m2*v2)//applying princilpe of conservation of linear momentum
+v4=v/(m1+m2)
+//output
+printf("the velocity with which both will move is %3.3f ms^-1",v4)
diff --git a/1991/CH2/EX2.14/14.sce b/1991/CH2/EX2.14/14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..752f59ba1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH2/EX2.14/14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+m1=1//mass of object 1
+v1=25//velocity of object 1
+m2=2//mass of object 2
+v2=0//body at rest,velocity =0
+v3=10
+//caclulation
+u=((m1*v1)+(m2*v2)-(m2*v3))/2//applying princilpe of conservation of linear momentum
+//output
+printf("\n the value of u is %3.3f ms^-1",-u)
diff --git a/1991/CH2/EX2.15/15.sce b/1991/CH2/EX2.15/15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..32b86559b --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH2/EX2.15/15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+m=2//mass
+r=4//radius
+v=6//uniform speed
+//calculation
+w=v/r//angular velocity
+f=m*r*w*w//centripetal force
+//output
+printf("the angular velocity is %3.3f rads^-1",w)
+printf("\n the centripetal force is %3.3f N",f)
diff --git a/1991/CH2/EX2.16/16.sce b/1991/CH2/EX2.16/16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..17f6f873d --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH2/EX2.16/16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+m=140//mass
+v=8//speed
+r=5//radius
+g=9.8//acceleration due to gravity
+//calculation
+t=((m*v^2/5)^2)+(140*9.8)^2 //applying parallelogram of vectors
+t1=sqrt(t)
+//output
+printf("the tension in arm is %3.3f N",t1)
diff --git a/1991/CH2/EX2.17/17.sce b/1991/CH2/EX2.17/17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d751fc0f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH2/EX2.17/17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+v=15//velocity
+m=70//mass
+r=50//radius
+//calculation
+x=v*v/(r*10)//applying parallelogram of vectors,then for equilibrium
+y=atand(x)
+r1=(m*10)/cosd(y)
+//output
+printf("the inclination is %3.3f deg",y)
+printf("\n the reaction is %3.3f N",r1)
diff --git a/1991/CH2/EX2.18/18.sce b/1991/CH2/EX2.18/18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b4b054c3f --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH2/EX2.18/18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+r=5500//radius
+g1=6.7*10^-11
+g=7//acceleration due to gravity
+//calculation of mean density
+p=3*g/(4*%pi*r*10^3*g1)//mean density
+//output
+printf("the mean density of planet is %3.3f kgm^-3",p)
diff --git a/1991/CH2/EX2.19/19.sce b/1991/CH2/EX2.19/19.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b67b4d159 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH2/EX2.19/19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+m=5*10^24//mass of earth
+g1=6.7*10^-11
+//calculation
+r=((6.7*10^-11*5*10^24*(3600*24)^2)/(4*%pi^2))^(1/3)//orbit radius
+v=(2*%pi*r)/(3600*24)//linear velocity
+//output
+printf("the orbit radius is %3.3f",r)
+printf("\n the linear velocity is %3.3f ms^-1",v)
diff --git a/1991/CH2/EX2.2/2.sce b/1991/CH2/EX2.2/2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..437ec2e6f --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH2/EX2.2/2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+v=0 //car stops => final velocity=0
+u=29 //initial velocity
+t=11 //time
+//calculation of acceleration
+a=(v-u)/t//eqn of uniformly accelerated body
+//calculating distance travelled during this period
+d=(v+u)*t*0.5//eqn of uniformly accelerated body
+//output
+printf("the accleration is %3.3f ms^-2 ",a)
+printf("\nthe distance travelled is %3.3f m",d)
diff --git a/1991/CH2/EX2.20/20.sce b/1991/CH2/EX2.20/20.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..95e0422af --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH2/EX2.20/20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+v=3*10^5//orbit speed
+r=4.6*10^20//distance
+g1=6.7*10^-11
+//calculation of mass
+m=v*v*r/g1 //Newtons law
+//output
+printf("the mass is %2.3e kg",m)
diff --git a/1991/CH2/EX2.21/21.sce b/1991/CH2/EX2.21/21.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c1c63565e --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH2/EX2.21/21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+v=0.6//speed
+m=0.3//mass
+//calculation
+e=0.75*m*v*v//total kinetic energy is kinetic energy+moment of inertia
+//output
+printf("the total kinetic energy is %3.3f J",e)
diff --git a/1991/CH2/EX2.22/22.sce b/1991/CH2/EX2.22/22.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1eae37876 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH2/EX2.22/22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+t1=34
+u=0//starts from rest
+x=3//distance to move
+//calculation
+t=(3*3/(10*sind(t1)))^0.5//from law of conservation of energy
+//output
+printf("the time taken is %3.3f s",t)
diff --git a/1991/CH2/EX2.23/23.sce b/1991/CH2/EX2.23/23.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..198d30b21 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH2/EX2.23/23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+i1=53//inertia when it spins with panels carrying solar cells
+i2=37//inertia about axis of rotation
+//calculation
+r=i1/i2//law of conservation of angular momentum
+//output
+printf("the ratio of angular velocities is %3.3f",r)
diff --git a/1991/CH2/EX2.25/25.sce b/1991/CH2/EX2.25/25.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7f8559b1d --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH2/EX2.25/25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+f=9//frequency
+x=0//at midpoint of stroke x=0
+//calculation
+t=1/f
+a=-4*%pi^2*f^2*x//acceleration for shm
+v=2*%pi*f*0.05//velocity for shm
+a1=-4*%pi^2*9^2*0.05//acceleration at amplitude
+v1=0//velocity at amplitude is 0
+//output
+printf("the period of oscillation is %3.3f s^-1",t)
+printf("\n the velocity at midpoint of stroke is %3.3f ms^-1",v)
+printf("\n the acceleration at midpoint of stroke is %3.3f ms^-2",a)
+
+printf("\n the velocity at amplitude is %3.3f ms^-1",v1)
+printf("\n the acceleration at amplitude is %3.3f ms^-2",a1)
diff --git a/1991/CH2/EX2.26/26.sce b/1991/CH2/EX2.26/26.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..179f64852 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH2/EX2.26/26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+g=10
+t=0.3//period of shm
+//calculation
+x=g*t^2/(4*%pi^2)//for shm maximum amplitude
+//output
+printf("the maximum amplitude for bead to be in contact is %3.3f m",x)
diff --git a/1991/CH2/EX2.27/27.sce b/1991/CH2/EX2.27/27.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..eba802b79 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH2/EX2.27/27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+p1=2.3//period of pendulum
+p2=3.1//period when pendulum is lengthened
+//calculation
+g=4*%pi^2/(p2^2-p1^2)//acceleration of free fall
+l=p1^2*g/(4*%pi^2)//length of pendulum
+//output
+printf("the acceleration of free fall is %3.3f m/s^2",g)
+printf("\n the length of pendulum is %3.3f m",l)
diff --git a/1991/CH2/EX2.28/2_28.sce b/1991/CH2/EX2.28/2_28.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4eb4e5a07 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH2/EX2.28/2_28.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc
+clear
+//INPUT DATA
+f=55 //frequency
+a=7*10^-3 //amplitude
+
+
+//calculation
+a=(-2*%pi*f)^2*a
+
+//output
+printf("the acceleration of the body when it is at its maximum displacement from its zero position is -%3.1f ms^-2",a)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1991/CH2/EX2.29/29.sce b/1991/CH2/EX2.29/29.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8cdc7ecd4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH2/EX2.29/29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+f=55//frequency
+amp=7*10^-3//amplitude
+m=1.2//mass
+//calculation
+e=0.5*m*4*%pi^2*f^2*amp^2//maximum pe occurs at zero position
+//output
+printf("the maximum pe is %3.3f J",e)
diff --git a/1991/CH2/EX2.3/3.sce b/1991/CH2/EX2.3/3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..96c8bf2f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH2/EX2.3/3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+v=120 //velocity
+a=75 //accleration
+//calculation of time
+t=2*v/(a*cosd(45))//eqn of uniformly accelerated body
+//output
+printf("the time taken is %3.3f s",t)
diff --git a/1991/CH2/EX2.30/30.sce b/1991/CH2/EX2.30/30.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3986c5dd1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH2/EX2.30/30.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+l=6.5//length
+m=0.06//mass of wire
+m1=10//mass attached
+g=9.8//acceleration due to gravity
+e=2.1*10^11//youngs modulus
+ro=8*10^3//density of steel
+//calculation
+e1=m1*g*ro*l*l/(e*m)//extension caused
+pe=0.5*g*m1*e1//potential energy
+//output
+printf("the extension caused is %3.3e m",e1)
+printf("\n the potential energy is %3.3f J",pe)
diff --git a/1991/CH2/EX2.31/31.sce b/1991/CH2/EX2.31/31.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5340e2d82 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH2/EX2.31/31.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+w=250*10^3
+s=0.00003//strain
+a=0.04//area
+w1=320*10^3
+//calculation
+e=w/(a*s)//youngs module
+st=w1/a//stress
+//output
+printf("the youngs modulus is %3.3e N/m^2",e)
+printf("\n the stress is %3.0e N/m^2",st)
diff --git a/1991/CH2/EX2.32/32.sce b/1991/CH2/EX2.32/32.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..656f7444a --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH2/EX2.32/32.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+m=40//mass
+g=9.8//acceleration due to gravity
+E=2*10^11//youngs modulus
+//calculation
+t1=m*g/5//principle of momentum
+t2=4*m*g/5 //principle of momentum
+d=4*(t2-t1)/(4*%pi*10^-6*E)//difference in length
+//output
+printf("the difference is %3.0e m",d)
diff --git a/1991/CH2/EX2.4/4.sce b/1991/CH2/EX2.4/4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e51d370c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH2/EX2.4/4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+f1=50
+f2=50
+//calculation of net force
+f=f1+f2 // the two forces act in same direction
+//output
+printf("the resultant force is %3.3f N",f)
diff --git a/1991/CH2/EX2.5/5.sce b/1991/CH2/EX2.5/5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..012cbf572 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH2/EX2.5/5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+vc=25 //velocity of car
+va=10 //velocity of wind
+va1=15 //velocity of wind westward
+//calculation
+v1=vc+va//resultant velocity for a tail of wind
+v2=vc-va//when wind blows westward at 10 m/s^resultant velocity
+v3=vc-va1//resultant velocity when wind blows westward at 15m/s^2
+//output
+printf("1. the resultant velocity of wind is %3.3f ms^-1 eastwards ",v1)
+printf("\n2. the resultant velocity of wind is %3.3f ms^-1 westwards ",v2)
+printf("\n3. the resultant velocity of wind is %3.3f ms^-1westwards ",v3)
diff --git a/1991/CH2/EX2.7/7.sce b/1991/CH2/EX2.7/7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..eaee778a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH2/EX2.7/7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+v=30 //velocity of speedboat
+vw=40 //velocity of wind
+//calculation
+x=(30/40)//angle between original velocity of boat and resultant velocity
+y=atand(x)//applying trigonometry
+b=90+y//bearing of boat
+//output
+printf("the bearing of speedboat is %3.3f deg",b)
diff --git a/1991/CH2/EX2.8/8.sce b/1991/CH2/EX2.8/8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2efc8e422 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH2/EX2.8/8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+f1=6 //tension on string AB
+f2=6 //tension on string BC
+//calculation of tension
+t=2*f1*sind(55)// the resultant tension is the diagonal of rhombus formed
+//output
+printf("/n the resultant tension is %3.3f N",t)
diff --git a/1991/CH3/EX3.1/1.sce b/1991/CH3/EX3.1/1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..049318ab1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH3/EX3.1/1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc
+clear
+//calculation of angle of refraction
+rj=(sind(6)/0.76)//from snells law
+x=asind(rj)
+printf("the refractive index of jelly is %3.3f deg",x)
+// calculating angle of incidence
+printf("\nsince angle of refraction and angle of incidence are alternate angles , angle of incidence is %3.3f deg",x)
+//calculating angle of refraction
+np=0.59/0.76 // according to relationship of media
+jnp=sind(7.9)/0.78
+rp=asind(jnp)
+printf("\nthe angle of refraction is %3.3f deg",rp)
diff --git a/1991/CH3/EX3.2/2.sce b/1991/CH3/EX3.2/2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2fda7980a --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH3/EX3.2/2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input data
+a=1.28 //refractive index of X
+b=1.41 //refractive index of Y
+//calculation of condition for total internal reflection
+x=(a/b)
+c=asind(x) // calculating critical angle
+//output
+printf("light incident with an angle greater than %3.3f degrees will be totally internally reflected",c)
diff --git a/1991/CH3/EX3.3/3.sce b/1991/CH3/EX3.3/3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8c69441fc --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH3/EX3.3/3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input data
+nb=0.67 //refractive index
+va=3.45*10^3
+//calculation
+vb=va/nb //snells law
+//output
+printf("the speed of the wave in medium b is %3.3f m/s",vb)
diff --git a/1991/CH3/EX3.4/4.sce b/1991/CH3/EX3.4/4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a9443e485 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH3/EX3.4/4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input data
+f=120 //lowest frequency
+//calculation
+x=3*f // the next higher frequency is thrice the lowest frequency
+//output
+printf("the next higher frequency where the antinode is formed is at %3.3f Hz",x)
diff --git a/1991/CH3/EX3.5/5.sce b/1991/CH3/EX3.5/5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..03d668708 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH3/EX3.5/5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input data
+amp=3.4*10^-5 //amplitude of the wave
+af=5.7*10^2 //angular frequency
+k=20 //wavenumber
+//calculation
+//wave frequency
+f=af/(2*%pi)
+l=(2*%pi)/k
+v=f*l
+printf("the wave frequency is %3.3f and the speed is %3.3f m/s",f,v)
+//calculating greatest speed for the wave to pass through
+vmax=af*amp //greatest speed
+//output
+printf("\nthe greatest value of speed for the wave to pass through is %3.3f m/s",vmax)
diff --git a/1991/CH3/EX3.6/6.sce b/1991/CH3/EX3.6/6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..66ca751af --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH3/EX3.6/6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+k=16
+w=23
+//calculation
+//1.wavelength
+l=2*%pi/k
+//output
+printf("the wavelength is %3.3f m",l)
+//2.wavespeed
+v=(l*w)/(2*%pi)
+printf("\nthe wavespeed is %3.3f m/s",v)
+//3.pase difference
+pha=(0.5*2*%pi)/0.39 // phase difference of molecules 0.5m apart
+printf("\n the phase difference is %3.3f radians",pha)
diff --git a/1991/CH4/EX4.1/1.sce b/1991/CH4/EX4.1/1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e7dce1208 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH4/EX4.1/1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc
+clear
+//INPUT DATA
+w=1.8 //wavelength
+//calulation
+y=sind(15*360/180)//displacement at 15cm from reflector
+//output
+printf("1. at 45cm, antinode occurs and hence pressure is minimum")
+printf("\n 2. at 90cm node arises and hence pressure is maximum")
+printf("\n 3. at 15cm frm reflector the displacement is %3.3f",y)
diff --git a/1991/CH4/EX4.3/3.sce b/1991/CH4/EX4.3/3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..41e2d6623 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH4/EX4.3/3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc
+clear
+//INPUT DATA
+f=520 //frequency
+t2=293 //air temperature to produce fundamental +273
+t1=273// 0deg C
+v1=330//speed of sound waves
+//calculation
+v2=330*(293/273)^0.5 //speed at 20 deg C
+l=v2/f//wavelength
+len=l/4 - 0.01 //length
+//output
+printf("the length of tube is %3.3f m",len)
diff --git a/1991/CH4/EX4.4/4.sce b/1991/CH4/EX4.4/4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f2669b318 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH4/EX4.4/4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc
+clear
+//INPUT DATA
+v1=330 //speed of sound
+t3=303 //fundamental temperature for the air
+t1=273// 0deg C
+//calculation
+v3=v1*(t3/t1)^0.5 //new speed of sound
+f=v3/0.66 //frequency
+fb=f-520 //frequency of beats
+//output
+printf("the frequency of beats is %3.3f Hz",fb)
diff --git a/1991/CH4/EX4.5/5.sce b/1991/CH4/EX4.5/5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2837b8b70 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH4/EX4.5/5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc
+clear
+//INPUT DATA
+T=100 //tension
+l=1.5 //length
+m=0.3*10^-6 //mass
+//calculation
+f=(T/(m/l))^0.5/(2*l)//fundamental frequency produced
+//output
+printf("the fundamental frequency produced is %3.3f Hz",f)
diff --git a/1991/CH4/EX4.6/6.sce b/1991/CH4/EX4.6/6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7a09946e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH4/EX4.6/6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc
+clear
+//INPUT DATA
+f=150 //frequency
+v=320 //speed of sound
+ul=11 //speed with which listener approaches
+us=7 //speed of source
+//calculation
+fa=f*v/(v-us)//doppler effect
+fa1=(v+ul)*f/(v)//doppler effect
+fa2=(v+ul)*f/(v-us)//doppler effect
+//output
+printf("frequency when source moves at 7ms^-1 %3.3f Hz",fa)
+
+printf("\n frequency when listener moves at 11ms^-1 %3.3f Hz",fa1)
+printf("\n frequency when source moves at 7ms^-1 and listener at 11ms^-1 %3.3f Hz",fa2)
diff --git a/1991/CH4/EX4.7/7.sce b/1991/CH4/EX4.7/7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8debad005 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH4/EX4.7/7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc
+clear
+//INPUT DATA
+us=264 //speed of jet fighter
+x=71.7
+v=340 //velocity of sound
+f=1*10^3 //frequency
+//calculation
+usd=us*cosd(x)//horizontal component of velocity
+fr= (v*f)/(v-usd) -((v*f)/(v+usd))//frequency range ,doppler effect
+//output
+printf("the frequency range is %3.3f Hz ",fr)
diff --git a/1991/CH5/EX5.1/1.sce b/1991/CH5/EX5.1/1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..568ffbb9f --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH5/EX5.1/1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc
+clear
+//INPUT DATA
+np=1.39 //refractive index of prism
+nl=1.29 //refractive index of liquid
+a=62 //refracting angle of prism
+//calculation
+x=np*sind(62/2)/nl//snells law
+y=asind(x)
+d=(y*2)-a//minimum deviation
+//output
+printf("the minimum deviation is %3.3f degree",d)
diff --git a/1991/CH5/EX5.2/2.sce b/1991/CH5/EX5.2/2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..89d1a069a --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH5/EX5.2/2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clc
+clear
+//INPUT DATA
+np=1.39 //refractive index in air
+a=62 //refracting angle of prism
+//calculation
+x=1/np
+c=asind(x)//critical angle
+r=a-c
+i= np* sind(r)//snells law
+i1=asind(i)
+A=2*c//greatest prism angle allowing refraction
+//output
+printf("angle of incidence producing maximum deviation is %3.3f deg",r)
+printf(" \n greatest prism angle allowing refraction is %3.3f deg",A)
diff --git a/1991/CH5/EX5.3/3.sce b/1991/CH5/EX5.3/3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..cbd8adcbb --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH5/EX5.3/3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+f=0.15 //focal length
+u=0.2 //distance of object
+//calculation
+x=(1/-f)-(1/u)//lens formula
+y=1/x
+m=y/u//linear magnification
+//output
+printf("the position of image is %3.3f m",y)
+printf("\n linear magnification is %3.3f hence image is diminished",m)
diff --git a/1991/CH5/EX5.4/4.sce b/1991/CH5/EX5.4/4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b1d48a309 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH5/EX5.4/4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+f1=0.25 //focal length of diverging lens
+f2=0.2 //focal length of converging lens
+//calculation
+x=(1/-f1)+(1/f2)//lens formula
+y=1/x
+a=(1/y)-(1/0.15)//lens formula
+b=1/a
+//output
+printf("the position of image is %3.3f m hence the image is virtual",b)
diff --git a/1991/CH5/EX5.5/5.sce b/1991/CH5/EX5.5/5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6ac551283 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH5/EX5.5/5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+f=0.5 //focal length
+u=0.8 //distance of object
+f1=0.2 //focal length of converging lens
+d=1 //distance behind the first lens
+//calculation
+x=(1/f)-(1/u)//lens formula
+y=1/x
+u1=-(y-d)//second lens
+a=1/f1 +(1/-u1)//lens formula
+b=1/a
+//output
+printf("the image lies %3.3f m behind second lens",b)
+printf("\n the image is %3.3f m behind first lens",b+d)
diff --git a/1991/CH5/EX5.6/6.sce b/1991/CH5/EX5.6/6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6e28ba9ad --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH5/EX5.6/6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+F=5 //power of lenses
+f1=0.45 //focal length
+//calculation
+x=F-(1/f1)//lens formula
+f2=1/x
+//output
+printf("the focal length is %3.3f m",f2)
+printf("\n the power is %3.3f dioptre",x)
diff --git a/1991/CH6/EX6.1/1.sce b/1991/CH6/EX6.1/1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4bb82886c --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH6/EX6.1/1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+m=0.5 //mass
+c=460 //specific heat capacity of iron
+t1=70//initial temperature
+t2=10//final temperature
+//calculation
+q=m*c*(t1-t2)//heat required
+//output
+printf("the heat required is %3.0f J",q)
diff --git a/1991/CH6/EX6.10/10.sce b/1991/CH6/EX6.10/10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7bc0e0070 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH6/EX6.10/10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+m=3*10^-2 //mass of water
+r1=1*10^3//density of water
+r2=0.5//density of steam
+p=1.01*10^5//atmospheric pressure
+//calculation
+v1=m/r1//volume of water
+v2=m/r2//volume of gas
+w=(v2-v1)*p//external work done by gas
+//output
+printf("the work done is %3.0f J",w)
diff --git a/1991/CH6/EX6.12/12.sce b/1991/CH6/EX6.12/12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9f1b9d35b --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH6/EX6.12/12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+r100=6.9//resistence of steam
+r0=5.8 //resistece of ice
+t=550 //temperature
+//calculation
+r=(t*(r100-r0))/100 +5.8//platinum resistance thermometre
+//output
+printf("the resistence is %3.3f ohm",r)
diff --git a/1991/CH6/EX6.14/14.sce b/1991/CH6/EX6.14/14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..912bc1cc4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH6/EX6.14/14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+l=11.7//length of thermometer at steam
+l0=3.4*10^-2//length of thermometer at ice
+//calculation
+x=0.034+0.034*(0.244*10^-3*45^2)//length of temperature on standard scale
+//output
+printf("thread length is %3.3f m",x)
diff --git a/1991/CH6/EX6.15/15.sce b/1991/CH6/EX6.15/15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..cc0aec62d --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH6/EX6.15/15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+a=5 //area
+k=0.07 //thermal conductivity
+dt=21 //temperature difference
+x= 4*10^-3 //thickness of wood
+//calculation
+y=-(k*a*dt/x)//steady state equation
+//output
+printf("the rate of transfer is %3.3f Js^-1",y)
diff --git a/1991/CH6/EX6.16/16.sce b/1991/CH6/EX6.16/16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1d224c8c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH6/EX6.16/16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+d=3*10^-3//thickness of sheet
+l=12*10^-3//seperated distance
+//calculation
+x=1/40//law of conservation of energy
+y=x*d/l//from x
+//output
+printf("the ratio of temperature gradient in rubber to polystyrene is %3.3f0",x)
+printf("\nthe ratio of temperature difference across rubber and polystyrene is %3.3e",y)
diff --git a/1991/CH6/EX6.2/2.sce b/1991/CH6/EX6.2/2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f17479e56 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH6/EX6.2/2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+T=100 //rise in temperature
+i=2.7 //current
+t=950 //time taken
+mc=0.15//mass of calorimeter
+cy=3*10^3//specific heat capacity of y
+cc=2*10^3//specific heat capacity of calorimeter
+my=160*10^-3//mass of liquid
+//calculation
+v=((my*cy)+(mc*cc))*T/(i*t)//law of conservation of heat
+//output
+printf("the potential difference is %3.0f V",v)
diff --git a/1991/CH6/EX6.3/3.sce b/1991/CH6/EX6.3/3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1107a1c78 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH6/EX6.3/3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+iw=4.5 //current
+vw=5.2 //pd of water
+mw=6*10^-2 //flow of water
+cw=4.18*10^3 //heat capacity of water
+ix=5.5//current of x
+iv=7.7//pd of x
+im=18*10^-2//flow of x
+//calculation
+x=(iw*vw)-((mw*cw*5)/60)//rate of heat loss
+cx=(6*4180)/18 +1263//specific heat capacity of x
+//output
+printf("the rate of heat loss is %3.3f W",x)
+printf("\n the specific heat of x is %3.3e Jkg^-1K^-1",cx)
diff --git a/1991/CH6/EX6.4/4.sce b/1991/CH6/EX6.4/4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6e582cc2f --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH6/EX6.4/4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ + clc
+clear
+//input
+v1=0.52 //volume of ideal gas
+p1=2.3*10^5 //pressure of ideal gas
+p2=6.7*10^5 //pressure changed
+//calculation
+v2=p1*v1/p2//boyle's law
+//output
+printf("the volume is %3.3f m^3",v2)
diff --git a/1991/CH6/EX6.5/5.sce b/1991/CH6/EX6.5/5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5872f6be5 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH6/EX6.5/5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+v2=11.3 //final volume
+v1=7.8//initial volume
+t1=67+273 //initial temperature
+//calculation
+t2=v2*t1/v1//charles law
+//output
+printf("the final temperature is %3.0d K",t2)
diff --git a/1991/CH6/EX6.6/6.sce b/1991/CH6/EX6.6/6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7d6de3bff --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH6/EX6.6/6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+p1=1.01*10^5//initial pressure
+t2=135+273//final temperature
+t1=273//initial temperature
+d=2.8 //density
+//calculation
+p2=p1*t2/t1//pressure law
+p=(3*p2/2.8)^0.5//kinetic theory
+//output
+printf("rms speed of gas molecule is %3.0f m/s",p)
diff --git a/1991/CH6/EX6.7/7.sce b/1991/CH6/EX6.7/7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..31afa41d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH6/EX6.7/7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+t1=273//initial tenperature
+t2=408//final temperature
+//calculation
+e=t1/t2//ratio of mean molecuar KE
+c1=402*sqrt(0.67)//rms speed
+//output
+printf("the ratio of kinetic energy is %3.3f",e)
+printf("\n the rms speed of gas molecule is %3.0f ms^-1",c1)
diff --git a/1991/CH6/EX6.8/8.sce b/1991/CH6/EX6.8/8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..365c126af --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH6/EX6.8/8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+p=1.01*10^7 //pressure of gas
+v=0.1 //volume of gas
+R=8.3
+T=280//temperature
+g=0.017//mass of 1 mole
+d=1100//density
+//calculation
+n=p*v/(R*T)//ideal gas equation
+m=n*g//mass of gas
+v=m/d//volume occupied
+//output
+printf("the volume is %3.3e m^3",v)
diff --git a/1991/CH6/EX6.9/9.sce b/1991/CH6/EX6.9/9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ba1390392 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH6/EX6.9/9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+p1=9*10^4//total pressure
+x=1*10^4//water pressure
+//calculation
+p2=(p1-x)/2//boyles law
+p=p2+x//adding vapour pressure
+//output
+printf("the final pressure is %3.0e Pa",p)
diff --git a/1991/CH7/EX7.1/1.sce b/1991/CH7/EX7.1/1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..35b7a3111 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH7/EX7.1/1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+e=1.6*10^-19 //charge of electron
+r=0.075*10^-3 // radius of electron
+ep=8.85*10^-12 //permittivity of free space
+//calculation
+v=-e/(4*%pi*ep*r)//electric potential
+e=-e/(4*%pi*ep*r*r)//electric field strength
+//output
+printf("resultant potential is %3.3e V",v)
+printf("\n resultant electric field strength %3.3f V/m",e)
diff --git a/1991/CH7/EX7.2/2.sce b/1991/CH7/EX7.2/2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c1a0913cc --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH7/EX7.2/2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+q=2.4*10^-19 //charge1
+Q=3.8*10^-19//charge2
+ep=8.85*10^-12//permittivity of free space
+G=6.7*10^-11
+m=8.9*10^-31//mass 1
+M=1.5*10^-30//mass 2
+//calculation
+x=q*Q/(4*%pi*ep*m*M*G)//coulumbs law
+//output
+printf("the ratio of electrostatic force between charges %3.3e",x)
diff --git a/1991/CH7/EX7.3/3.sce b/1991/CH7/EX7.3/3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9930f33ff --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH7/EX7.3/3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+i=0.5 //current in circuit
+R=6 //resistance of circuit
+i1=0.3//dropped current
+//calculation
+r=1.2/0.2
+e=i*(r+R)//ohms law
+//output
+printf("the battery emf is %3.3f V",e)
+printf("\n the internal resistence is %3.3f ohm",r)
diff --git a/1991/CH7/EX7.4/4.sce b/1991/CH7/EX7.4/4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1075722d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH7/EX7.4/4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+d=8.2*10^-7 //resistivity of coil
+l=15 //length of wire
+r=0.3*10^-3 //radius of wires
+v=160 //power output
+//calculations
+R=d*l/(%pi*r*r)
+p=v*v/R //for one coil
+p1=v*v/(R+R) //for two coils in series
+rp=(R*R)/(R+R)//total resistence
+pp=(v*v)/rp//total power
+//output
+printf("the power when one coil is %3.3f W",p)
+printf("\nthe power when two coils in series is %3.3f W",p1)
+printf("\n the power when coils in parallel is %3.3f W",pp)
diff --git a/1991/CH7/EX7.5/5.sce b/1991/CH7/EX7.5/5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..eecd2db55 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH7/EX7.5/5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+r1=40//resistance 1
+r2=20//resistamce 2
+r3=10//resistance 3
+v=1.6//voltage
+//calculation
+R=r1+r2+r3//total resistance in series
+x=((v*r1)*70)/((2*50)*(1.6*40))//fraction of pd
+x=x*100//percentage pd
+//output
+printf("the percentage of pd is %3.0f percent",x)
diff --git a/1991/CH7/EX7.6/6.sce b/1991/CH7/EX7.6/6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8d15768b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH7/EX7.6/6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+a=4.3*10^-3//temperature co-efficient of resistance
+//calculation
+r2=((60*a+1)/(20*a+1))*10//resistance
+//output
+printf("the final resistence is %3.3f ohm",r2)
diff --git a/1991/CH7/EX7.7/7.sce b/1991/CH7/EX7.7/7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1bc46b3ca --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH7/EX7.7/7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+l1=82.3//balance length with switch open
+l2=75.8//balance length with switch closed
+R=9//resistance
+//calculation
+r=(R*l1/l2)-R//internal resistance
+//output
+printf("the internal resistence is %3.3f ohm",r)
diff --git a/1991/CH7/EX7.8/8.sce b/1991/CH7/EX7.8/8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1355ba5ce --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH7/EX7.8/8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+p=2*10^-6//pd across wire
+v=1.5//voltage
+l=1.5*10^3//length of potentiometer
+R=7//resistance
+//calculation
+vw=p*l//pd across the wire
+x=(7*v/vw)-R//resistace of x
+//output
+printf("the resistance of x is %3.0f ohm",x)
diff --git a/1991/CH8/EX8.1/1.sce b/1991/CH8/EX8.1/1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..72306dec0 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH8/EX8.1/1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+B=4.3*10^-4//magnetic flux density
+I=6.4//current
+L=4.8//length of wire
+t=24//inclination through the field
+//calculation
+f=B*I*L//force on wire when it is perpendicular
+f1=B*I*L*sind(t)//force on wire when it is inclined at t degrees
+//output
+printf("the force on wire is %3.3f N",f)
+printf("\nthe force at an anglr 24 deg is %3.3e N",f1)
diff --git a/1991/CH8/EX8.10/10.sce b/1991/CH8/EX8.10/10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..57968e493 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH8/EX8.10/10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+v=15*10^3 //voltage
+p=80*10^3 //power
+r=430 //resistence
+v1=150*10^3//stepped value
+//calculation
+i=p/v//cable current
+i1=p/v1//stepped up cable current
+k=i*i/(i1*i1)//ratio of power loss
+//output
+printf("the ratio of power loss is %d",k)
diff --git a/1991/CH8/EX8.11/11.sce b/1991/CH8/EX8.11/11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8cd57ca86 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH8/EX8.11/11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+ep=150*10^3 //electric energy to primary
+e=0.69 //efficieny
+t=70 //time
+//calculation
+es=e*ep//transformer equation
+ps=es/t//power
+//output
+printf("the power output is %3.3e W",ps)
diff --git a/1991/CH8/EX8.12/12.sce b/1991/CH8/EX8.12/12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0c999eff1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH8/EX8.12/12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+v=250 //dc voltage
+s=0.22 //length
+d=4*10^-3 //diameter
+//calculation
+q=8.9*10^-12*1*0.22*0.22*250/(4*10^-3)//for air
+q1=8.9*10^-12*6.8*0.22*0.22*250/(4*10^-3)//for material
+//output
+printf("the permittivity for air is %3.3e C",q)
+printf("\n the relative permittivity for material is %3.3e C",q1)
diff --git a/1991/CH8/EX8.13/13.sce b/1991/CH8/EX8.13/13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..cddee3380 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH8/EX8.13/13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+d=6*10^-5
+w=0.1
+er=9.4 //relative permittivity of medium
+c=1*10^-6 //capacitance
+//calculation
+l=c*d/(8.9*10^-12*er*w)//parallel plate capacitor formula
+//output
+printf("the length of wax paper is %3.3f m",l)
diff --git a/1991/CH8/EX8.14/14.sce b/1991/CH8/EX8.14/14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4bc025e76 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH8/EX8.14/14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+v=3 //voltage
+c1=2.5*10^-6 //capacitance
+c2=2.5*10^-6
+c3=2.5*10^-6
+//calculation
+q=v/((1/c1)+(1/c2)+(1/c3))//capacitors in series
+q1=c1*v//capacitors in parallel
+//output
+printf("the pd when capacitors are in series is %3.3e C",q)
+printf("\n the pd when capacitors are in parallel is %3.3e C",q1)
diff --git a/1991/CH8/EX8.15/15.sce b/1991/CH8/EX8.15/15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2f0573645 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH8/EX8.15/15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+v=14 //voltage
+//calculation
+v0=v*sqrt(2)//rms value
+//output
+printf("rms value of ac is 14 V")
+printf("\n the peak value of ac is %3.3f V",v0)
diff --git a/1991/CH8/EX8.16/16.sce b/1991/CH8/EX8.16/16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..baa86909f --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH8/EX8.16/16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+c=65*10^-6 //capcacitor
+v=12 //voltage
+f=90 //frequency
+//calculation
+vmax=v*sqrt(2)//peak pd
+qmax=c*vmax//from eqn Q=CV
+irms=v*2*%pi*f*c//maximum charge from capacitor reactance
+//output
+printf("the maximum charge is %3.3f A",irms)
diff --git a/1991/CH8/EX8.17/17.sce b/1991/CH8/EX8.17/17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d34d5304f --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH8/EX8.17/17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+r=200 //resistence
+v=14 //voltage
+vr=9//pd across each component
+f=90 //frequency
+//calculation
+c=vr/(2*%pi*f*vr*r)//capacitor connected
+//output
+printf("the capacitor connected is %3.3e F",c)
diff --git a/1991/CH8/EX8.18/18.sce b/1991/CH8/EX8.18/18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ebadae1f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH8/EX8.18/18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+v=4 //voltage
+r=200 //resistence
+c=8.8*10^-6 //capacitance
+//calculation
+x=v/(r*c)//calculating V/t
+//output
+printf("the initial rate is %3.3e Vs^-1",x)
diff --git a/1991/CH8/EX8.19/19.sce b/1991/CH8/EX8.19/19.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..57b788d7d --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH8/EX8.19/19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+v=14 //voltage
+f=90 //frequency
+i=0.4 //current
+t=55 //phase
+//calculation
+r=v/(i*sqrt(1+tand(t)^2))// value of resistance
+l=r*tand(t)/(2*f*%pi)//value of inductance
+c=1/(4*%pi*%pi*f*f*l)//value of capacitance for resonance to occur
+//output
+printf("the value of resistance is %3.3f ohm",r)
+printf("\nthe value of inductance is %3.3f H",l)
+printf("\nthe value of capacitor is %3.3e F",c)
diff --git a/1991/CH8/EX8.2/2.sce b/1991/CH8/EX8.2/2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..08cee109b --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH8/EX8.2/2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+i=3.4 //current passing
+a=0.04 //distance from centre of cconductor
+//calcution
+b=(4*%pi*10^-7*5)/(2*%pi*a)//magnetic flux density
+//output
+printf("the flux density is %3.3e T",b)
diff --git a/1991/CH8/EX8.4/8_4.sce b/1991/CH8/EX8.4/8_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..18733ffc5 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH8/EX8.4/8_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clc
+clear
+//INPUT DATA
+Ix=1 //current in first wire
+Iy=1 //current in second wire
+FbyL=2*10^-7 //according to the definition of ampere
+a=1 //distance between the wires
+
+
+//calculation
+
+m=(2*%pi*a*FbyL)/(Ix*Iy)
+
+
+
+//output
+printf("the permeability of free space is %3.3e H/m ",m)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1991/CH8/EX8.5/5.sce b/1991/CH8/EX8.5/5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..eae6120e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH8/EX8.5/5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+n=10 //number of rounds
+B=2*10^-2 //flux density
+a=5*10^-4 //areaof cross section
+t=10//time
+//calculation
+c=n*B*a //change in flux
+emf=c/t //induced emf
+//output
+printf("the flux changed is %3.3e Wb ",c)
+printf("\n the induced emf is %3.3e V",emf)
diff --git a/1991/CH8/EX8.6/6.sce b/1991/CH8/EX8.6/6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1d0c665de --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH8/EX8.6/6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+N=250 //number of turns
+B=8.6*10^-4 //flux density
+I=5 //current
+A=16*10^-4//area
+t=35
+//calculation
+c=B*I*A*N*sind(t)//moment of couple
+x=c/(B*I*2*A*N)//doubling the area
+y=asind(x)
+//output
+printf("the moment of couple is %3.3e Nm",c)
+printf("\n the new angle produced is %3.3f deg",y)
diff --git a/1991/CH8/EX8.7/7.sce b/1991/CH8/EX8.7/7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2e10794f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH8/EX8.7/7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+a=20*10^-4 //area
+n=900 //number of turns
+b=5*10^-2 //flux density
+i=4.5 //current
+//calculation
+e=b*a*n*2*%pi*30//emf induced
+p=e*i//power output
+//output
+printf("the emf induced is %3.3f V",e)
+printf("\n the power output is %3.3f W",p)
diff --git a/1991/CH8/EX8.8/8.sce b/1991/CH8/EX8.8/8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..67b8f4a8e --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH8/EX8.8/8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+R=68 //resistence
+i=4.5 //current
+e=17 //emf
+//calculation
+v=(i*R)+e//supply pd
+//output
+printf("the supply of pd across motor is %3.0f V",v)
diff --git a/1991/CH8/EX8.9/9.sce b/1991/CH8/EX8.9/9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b3c714bfe --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH8/EX8.9/9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+ns=330 //number of turns of secondary
+np=450 //number of turns in primary
+e=0.65 //efficiency
+vp=240 //ac supply of primary
+//calculation
+vs=e*(vp*ns)/np//transformer equation
+//output
+printf("the pd across secondary is %3.0f V",vs)
diff --git a/1991/CH9/EX9.1/1.sce b/1991/CH9/EX9.1/1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1293b68da --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH9/EX9.1/1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+v=400 //voltage
+d=0.18 //distance of screen from centre
+e=1.6*10^-19 //electronic charge
+m=9.1*10^-31 //mass
+l=0.03 //length of parallel plates
+s=0.01 //air gap
+//calculation
+w=e*v//work done
+v1=sqrt(2*e*v/m)//speed of electron
+e1=v/s//electric field strength
+d1=d*6*10^3*l/(2*v)//vertical displacement
+//output
+printf("the work done is %3.3e J",w)
+printf("\n the speed of electron is %3.3e ms^-1",v1)
+printf("\n the displacement is %3.3f m",d1)
diff --git a/1991/CH9/EX9.10/10.sce b/1991/CH9/EX9.10/10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c130c485b --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH9/EX9.10/10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+w=0.004//weight of manganese
+a=6*10^23
+t=303*24*3600//half time
+//calculation
+N=w*a/0.054//number of moles
+x=0.693*N/(303*24*3600)//count rate from decay law
+//output
+printf("the count rate is %3.3e counts per second",x)
diff --git a/1991/CH9/EX9.11/11.sce b/1991/CH9/EX9.11/11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7ecc42e97 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH9/EX9.11/11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+v=400//pd
+d=4*10^-3 //distance of seperation
+B=0.52//flux density
+na=6*10^23//avagadro number
+//calcuation
+E=v/d//electric field strength
+v1=E/B// speed of ions
+m=24*10^-3/na//mass of each ion
+ke=m*v1*v1/2//kinetic energy
+W=1.6*10^-19*1
+KE=ke/W//kinetic energy in electron volts
+//output
+printf("the electric field strength is %3.3e Vm^-1",E)
+printf("\n the speed of ions is %3.3e m/s",v1)
+printf("\n the kinetic energy is %3.3e J",ke)
+printf("\n the kinetic energy in electron volts is %3.3f ev",KE)
diff --git a/1991/CH9/EX9.12/12.sce b/1991/CH9/EX9.12/12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5cb52a443 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH9/EX9.12/12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+v=400//pd
+d=4*10^-3 //distance of seperation
+B=0.52//flux density
+na=6*10^23//avagadro number
+//calculation
+x=2*1.6*10^-19/(4*10^-26)//specific charge of ions
+r=1*10^5/(8*10^6*B*B)// path radius
+//output
+printf("the specific charge of ions is %3.0e C/kg",x)
+printf("\n the path radius is %3.3e m",r)
diff --git a/1991/CH9/EX9.2/2.sce b/1991/CH9/EX9.2/2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a9f3cafd5 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH9/EX9.2/2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+v=5.7*10^-4 //velocity
+ro=830 //density
+d=4*10^-3
+V=3.2*10^3 //pd
+g=9.8 //acceleration due to gravity
+k=4.2*10^-4 //resistive force of air
+//calculation
+r=sqrt(3*k*v/(4*%pi*ro*g))//equating the forces on drop
+q=4*%pi*r^3*ro*g/(3*V/d)//electric firld between plates
+//output
+printf("the radius of oil drop is %3.3e m",r)
+printf("\n the value of electric firld between plates is %3.3e C",q)
diff --git a/1991/CH9/EX9.3/3.sce b/1991/CH9/EX9.3/3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2cf6d4858 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH9/EX9.3/3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+sig=6//stephans constant
+//calculation
+x=3^4*6*2^2/6//ratio of rate of emission
+//output
+printf("the ratio of rate of emission is %d and hence larger cube emits faster than smaller",x)
diff --git a/1991/CH9/EX9.4/4.sce b/1991/CH9/EX9.4/4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b0d30b4d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH9/EX9.4/4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+p=900 //power
+d=4*10^-3 //diameter
+l=0.87//length
+sig=5.7*10^-8 //stephans constant
+//calculation
+t=(p/(%pi*d*l*sig))^0.25//temperature
+//output
+printf("the working temperature is %d K",t)
diff --git a/1991/CH9/EX9.5/5.sce b/1991/CH9/EX9.5/5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..544a7098b --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH9/EX9.5/5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+e1=350//heat per second
+t=7+273 //teperature
+sig=5.7*10^-8//stephans constant
+//calculation
+e2=e1*4//stephans law
+E=sig*(t^4-t^4)//stephans law
+//output
+printf("the rate of emission is %3.3f W",e2)
+printf("\nthe rate of emission when outer temperature is increased is %d W",E)
diff --git a/1991/CH9/EX9.6/6.sce b/1991/CH9/EX9.6/6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7569c358f --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH9/EX9.6/6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+t1=280
+t2=290//temperature of surroundings
+sig=5.7*10^-8 //stephans constant
+//calculation
+e3=sig*(t1^4-t2^4)//stephans law
+e1=6.2*10^9*sig
+e3=0.15*e1
+//output
+printf("the absorbing rate is %d W",e3)
diff --git a/1991/CH9/EX9.7/7.sce b/1991/CH9/EX9.7/7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..de9330399 --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH9/EX9.7/7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+c=3*10^8 //velocity of speed
+w=5.1*10^-7 //wavelength of green light
+w1=0.7 //wavelength of radio waves
+w2=1.3*10^-13 //wavelength of gamma
+h=6.6*10^-34
+//calculation
+e1=h*c/w//plancks theory for greeen light
+e2=h*c/w1//plancks theory for radio waves
+e3=h*c/w2//plancks theory for gamma waves
+//output
+printf("energy carried by green light is %3.3e J",e1)
+printf("\nenergy carried by radio waves is %3.3e J",e2)
+printf("\nenergy carried by gamma waves is %3.3e J",e3)
diff --git a/1991/CH9/EX9.8/8.sce b/1991/CH9/EX9.8/8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8fd16591a --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH9/EX9.8/8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+c=3*10^8//speed of light
+m=9.1*10^-31//mass of electron
+tw=5.12*10^-7//threshhold wavelength
+w1=4.52*10^-8 //radiation wavelength
+h=6.6*10^-34//stephans constant
+//calculation
+f0=c/tw//threshhold frequency
+w=h*f0//work function
+a=h*c/w1//einsteins photo electric equation
+v=sqrt((2*(a-w))/m)//photoelectric energy
+emax=0.5*m*v*v
+//output
+printf("threshhold frequency is %3.3e Hz",f0)
+printf("\n the work function is %3.3e J",w)
+printf("\n the maximum photoelectric speed is %3.3e ms^-1",v)
+printf("\n the maximum photoelectric energy is %3.3e J",emax)
diff --git a/1991/CH9/EX9.9/9.sce b/1991/CH9/EX9.9/9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..db9bd897d --- /dev/null +++ b/1991/CH9/EX9.9/9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input
+t=2.14*10^6*365*24*60*60//half time
+//calculation
+l=0.693/t//decay constant
+t1=1.1097/l//decay law
+t2=t1/(365*60*60*24)//time in yrs
+//output
+printf("time taken is %3.3e yrs",t2)
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