initial commit / add all books

39 files changed, 392 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.1/Example_3_1.sce b/196/CH3/EX3.1/Example_3_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8f6a13274
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.1/Example_3_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//Chapter 3

+//Example 3-1

+//ProbOnOpampDescriptions 

+//Page 46,47 figure 3-1

+clear;clc;

+//Given

+Rf=100*(10^3);//Feedback Resistance in ohms

+Ri=10*(10^3);//Input Resistance in ohms

+Ei=1;//Input volts

+//Calculate 

+//Example 3-1(a)

+I=Ei/Ri;//Equation for current through Rf

+printf("\n\n Current through Rf =  %.4f A \n\n",I)

+//Example 3-1(b)

+Vout=-(Rf/Ri)*Ei;//Equation for Output Voltage

+printf("\n\n Value of output voltage =  %.4f V \n\n",Vout)

+//Example 3-1(c)

+Acl=-(Rf/Ri);//Closed loop gain of the amplifier 

+printf("\n\n Value of closed loop gain =  %.4f \n\n",Acl)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.1/result_3_1.txt b/196/CH3/EX3.1/result_3_1.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4fe3c9c61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.1/result_3_1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+current through Rf =  0.0001 A 

+

+

+Value of output voltage =  -10.0000 V 

+

+

+Value of closed loop gain =  -10.0000 

diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.10/Figure3_10.xcos b/196/CH3/EX3.10/Figure3_10.xcos
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..91a44ee84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.10/Figure3_10.xcos
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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width="0"/><mxGeometry as="geometry" height="7.0" width="7.0" x="606.5" y="186.5"/></SplitBlock><ImplicitInputPort dataType="REAL_MATRIX" id="6bdeca21:13209e22913:-7fa8" ordering="1" parent="15" style="mirror=false;ImplicitInputPort;rotation=0;flip=false;" visible="0"><mxGeometry as="geometry" height="8.0" width="8.0" x="-8.0" y="-4.0"/></ImplicitInputPort><ImplicitOutputPort dataType="REAL_MATRIX" id="6bdeca21:13209e22913:-7fa7" ordering="1" parent="15" style="mirror=false;rotation=0;ImplicitOutputPort;flip=false;" visible="0"><mxGeometry as="geometry" height="8.0" width="8.0" x="7.0" y="-4.0"/></ImplicitOutputPort><ImplicitOutputPort dataType="REAL_MATRIX" id="6bdeca21:13209e22913:-7fa6" ordering="2" parent="15" style="mirror=false;rotation=0;ImplicitOutputPort;flip=false;" visible="0"><mxGeometry as="geometry" height="8.0" width="8.0" x="7.0" y="-4.0"/></ImplicitOutputPort><ImplicitOutputPort dataType="REAL_MATRIX" id="6bdeca21:13209e22913:-7fa5" ordering="3" parent="15" style="mirror=false;rotation=0;ImplicitOutputPort;flip=false;" visible="0"><mxGeometry as="geometry" height="8.0" width="8.0" x="7.0" y="6.0"/></ImplicitOutputPort><ImplicitLink id="6bdeca21:13209e22913:-7fa4"><mxGeometry as="geometry" height="80.0" width="80.0" x="120.0" y="30.0"/><mxCell as="parent" id="-34f4d50f:132000410c7:-8000" parent="-34f4d50f:132000410c7:-7fff"/><ImplicitOutputPort as="source" dataLines="1" dataType="REAL_MATRIX" id="6bdeca21:13209e22913:-7fda" ordering="1" parent="-34f4d50f:132000410c7:-7fe6" style="mirror=false;rotation=0;ImplicitOutputPort;flip=false;"><mxGeometry as="geometry" height="8.0" width="8.0" x="40.0" y="36.0"/></ImplicitOutputPort><ImplicitInputPort as="target" dataType="REAL_MATRIX" id="6bdeca21:13209e22913:-7fa8" ordering="1" parent="15" style="mirror=false;ImplicitInputPort;rotation=0;flip=false;" visible="0"><mxGeometry as="geometry" height="8.0" width="8.0" x="-8.0" y="-4.0"/></ImplicitInputPort></ImplicitLink><ImplicitLink id="6bdeca21:13209e22913:-7fa3"><mxGeometry as="geometry" height="80.0" width="80.0" x="120.0" y="30.0"><Array as="points" scilabClass="ScilabList"><mxPoint x="610.0" y="190.0"/><mxPoint x="610.0" y="300.0"/></Array></mxGeometry><mxCell as="parent" id="-34f4d50f:132000410c7:-8000" parent="-34f4d50f:132000410c7:-7fff"/><ImplicitOutputPort as="source" dataType="REAL_MATRIX" id="6bdeca21:13209e22913:-7fa7" ordering="1" parent="15" style="mirror=false;rotation=0;ImplicitOutputPort;flip=false;" visible="0"><mxGeometry as="geometry" height="8.0" width="8.0" x="7.0" y="-4.0"/></ImplicitOutputPort><ImplicitInputPort as="target" dataLines="1" dataType="REAL_MATRIX" id="6bdeca21:13209e22913:-7fb8" ordering="1" parent="13" style="mirror=false;rotation=0;ImplicitInputPort;flip=false;"><mxGeometry as="geometry" height="8.0" width="8.0" x="40.0" y="16.0"/></ImplicitInputPort></ImplicitLink><ImplicitLink id="6bdeca21:13209e22913:-7fa2"><mxGeometry as="geometry" relative="1"><mxPoint as="targetPoint" x="670.0" y="190.0"/><Array as="points" scilabClass="ScilabList"><mxPoint x="670.0" y="190.0"/></Array></mxGeometry><mxCell as="parent" id="-34f4d50f:132000410c7:-8000" parent="-34f4d50f:132000410c7:-7fff"/><ImplicitOutputPort as="source" dataType="REAL_MATRIX" id="6bdeca21:13209e22913:-7fa6" ordering="2" parent="15" style="mirror=false;rotation=0;ImplicitOutputPort;flip=false;" visible="0"><mxGeometry as="geometry" height="8.0" width="8.0" x="7.0" y="-4.0"/></ImplicitOutputPort><ImplicitInputPort as="target" dataLines="1" dataType="REAL_MATRIX" id="6bdeca21:13209e22913:-7fab" ordering="1" parent="69587605:13200101f53:-7fa0" style="mirror=false;ImplicitInputPort;rotation=0;flip=false;"><mxGeometry as="geometry" height="8.0" width="8.0" x="16.0" y="-8.0"/></ImplicitInputPort></ImplicitLink><ImplicitLink id="6bdeca21:13209e22913:-7fa1"><mxGeometry as="geometry" relative="1"/><mxCell as="parent" id="-34f4d50f:132000410c7:-8000" parent="-34f4d50f:132000410c7:-7fff"/><ImplicitOutputPort as="source" dataLines="1" dataType="REAL_MATRIX" id="6bdeca21:13209e22913:-7faa" ordering="1" parent="69587605:13200101f53:-7fa0" style="mirror=false;rotation=0;ImplicitOutputPort;flip=false;"><mxGeometry as="geometry" height="8.0" width="8.0" x="16.0" y="40.0"/></ImplicitOutputPort><ImplicitInputPort as="target" dataLines="1" dataType="REAL_MATRIX" id="6bdeca21:13209e22913:-7fad" ordering="1" parent="6bdeca21:13209e22913:-7fae" style="mirror=false;ImplicitInputPort;rotation=90;flip=false;"><Orientation as="orientation" value="NORTH"/><mxGeometry as="geometry" height="8.0" width="8.0" x="16.0" y="-8.0"/></ImplicitInputPort></ImplicitLink><VoltageSensorBlock dependsOnU="1" id="6bdeca21:13209e22913:-7f98" interfaceFunctionName="VoltageSensor" simulationFunctionName="VoltageSensor" style="VoltageSensor;rotation=0;"><ScilabDouble as="exprs" height="0" width="0"/><ScilabDouble as="realParameters" height="0" width="0"/><ScilabDouble as="integerParameters" height="0" width="0"/><Array as="objectsParameters" scilabClass="ScilabList"/><ScilabDouble as="nbZerosCrossing" height="1" width="1"><data column="0" line="0" realPart="0.0"/></ScilabDouble><ScilabDouble as="nmode" height="1" width="1"><data column="0" line="0" realPart="0.0"/></ScilabDouble><ScilabDouble as="state" height="0" width="0"/><ScilabDouble as="dState" height="0" width="0"/><Array as="oDState" scilabClass="ScilabList"/><Array as="equations" scilabClass="ScilabTList"><ScilabString height="1" width="5"><data column="0" line="0" value="modelica"/><data column="1" line="0" value="model"/><data column="2" line="0" value="inputs"/><data column="3" line="0" value="outputs"/><data column="4" line="0" value="parameters"/></ScilabString><ScilabString height="1" width="1"><data column="0" line="0" value="VoltageSensor"/></ScilabString><ScilabString height="1" width="1"><data column="0" line="0" value="p"/></ScilabString><ScilabString height="2" width="1"><data column="0" line="0" value="n"/><data column="0" line="1" value="v"/></ScilabString><Array scilabClass="ScilabList"><ScilabDouble height="0" width="0"/><Array scilabClass="ScilabList"/></Array></Array><mxGeometry as="geometry" height="40.0" width="40.0" x="720.0" y="170.0"/><mxCell as="parent" id="-34f4d50f:132000410c7:-8000" parent="-34f4d50f:132000410c7:-7fff"/></VoltageSensorBlock><ImplicitInputPort dataLines="1" dataType="REAL_MATRIX" id="6bdeca21:13209e22913:-7f9b" ordering="1" parent="6bdeca21:13209e22913:-7f98" style="ImplicitInputPort;rotation=0"><mxGeometry as="geometry" height="8.0" width="8.0" x="-8.0" y="16.0"/></ImplicitInputPort><ImplicitOutputPort dataLines="1" dataType="REAL_MATRIX" id="6bdeca21:13209e22913:-7f9a" ordering="1" parent="6bdeca21:13209e22913:-7f98" style="ImplicitOutputPort;rotation=90"><Orientation as="orientation" value="SOUTH"/><mxGeometry as="geometry" height="8.0" width="8.0" x="16.0" y="40.0"/></ImplicitOutputPort><ExplicitOutputPort dataLines="1" dataType="REAL_MATRIX" 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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.10/example_3_10.sce b/196/CH3/EX3.10/example_3_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5a45729c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.10/example_3_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+//Chapter 3

+//Example 3-10

+//ProbOnDCVoltage 

+//Page 53,54

+clear;clc;

+xcos('Figure3_10.xcos');

+//Figure 3-5(b)

+x=[0 1 2]

+y=[-5,5,-5]

+subplot(2,2,1)

+a=gca()

+a.thickness = 1;

+a.x_location = 'middle';

+plot2d(x,y,style=3,rect=[0,-5,2,5])

+xtitle ( " Eac Vs t " , " t(ms) " , " Eac(V) " );

+subplot(2,2,2)

+x1=[0 0.5 1 1.5 2]

+y1=[10 5 0 5 10]

+a=gca()

+a.thickness = 1;

+a.x_location = 'middle';

+plot2d(x1,y1,style=3,rect=[0,-15,2,15])

+xtitle ("Edc Vs t" , " t(ms)", " Edc(V)");

+y2=[5 0 -5 0 5]

+y3=[-2.5 -7 -12.5 -7 -2.5]

+plot2d(x1,y2,style=2)

+plot2d(x1,y3,style=1)

+legend ( " Edc= - 5 V " , " Edc= 0 V ", " Edc= 7 V" );

+xtitle (" Waveshapes of Vo for Edc = 0V, -5V , 7V")

+//Figure 3-5(c)

+subplot(2,2,3)

+x4=[-5 0 5]

+y4=[10 5 0]

+y5=[5 0 -5]

+y6=[-2.5 -7.5 -12.5]

+a=gca()

+a.thickness = 1;

+a.y_location = 'middle';

+a.x_location = 'middle';

+plot2d(x4,y4,style=3,rect=[-5,-15,5,15])

+plot2d(x4,y5,style=2,rect=[-5,-15,5,15])

+plot2d(x4,y6,style=1,rect=[-5,-15,5,15])

+legend ( " Edc= - 5 V " , " Edc= 0 V ", " Edc= 7 V" );

+xtitle (" Vo Vs Eac " , " Eac(V)", " Vo ");

+xtitle (" Output-Input Characteristic")

+printf("\n\n If Edc = 0 V , Eac appears inverted at Vo ( Gain is -1 )")

+printf("\n\n If Edc = - 5 V , Eac appears at the output as a 5 V dc-offset voltage upon which rides the inverted Eac ")

+printf("\n\n If Edc = 7 V , then Eac shifts down by 7 V ") 

+

+

diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.10/result_3_10.txt b/196/CH3/EX3.10/result_3_10.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d466174db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.10/result_3_10.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+If Edc = 0 V , Eac appears inverted at Vo ( Gain is -1 )

+

+If Edc = - 5 V , Eac appears at the output as a 5 V dc-offset voltage upon which rides the inverted Eac 

+

+If Edc = 7 V , then Eac shifts down by 7 V 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.11/example_3_11.sce b/196/CH3/EX3.11/example_3_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..60030607b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.11/example_3_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//Chapter 3

+//Example 3-11

+//ProbonThreeChannelInvertingAmplifier 

+//Page 56

+clear;clc;

+//Channel 1

+Ri= 10*10^3;//Choosing Input resistance

+Acl = -10 ;

+Rf1 = - (Acl * Ri);

+printf("\n\n Value of Rf1 =  %.4f ohm \n\n",Rf1)

+//Channel 2

+Acl1 = -5;

+Rf2 = - (Acl1 * Ri);

+printf("\n\n Value of Rf2 =  %.4f ohm \n\n",Rf2)

+//channel 3

+Acl2 = -2;

+Rf3 = - (Acl2 * Ri);

+printf("\n\n Value of Rf3 =  %.4f ohm \n\n",Rf3)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.11/result_3_11.txt b/196/CH3/EX3.11/result_3_11.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0a0e38c84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.11/result_3_11.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Value of Rf1 =  100000.0000 ohm 

+

+Value of Rf2 =  50000.0000 ohm 

+

+Value of Rf3 =  20000.0000 ohm 

diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.12/example_3_12.sce b/196/CH3/EX3.12/example_3_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..539b54f24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.12/example_3_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//Chapter 3

+//Example 3-12

+//ProbOnOutputvoltage 

+//Page 57

+clear;clc;

+//Given

+R1=100000;R2=100000;R3=100000;R=100000//in ohm

+Rf=33*10^3;//in ohm

+E1=5;E2=5;E3=-1;//in volts

+n=3;//number of inputs

+Vout=-(E1+E2+E3)/n;//output voltage

+printf("\n\n Value of output voltage =  %.4f V \n\n",Vout)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.12/result_3_12.txt b/196/CH3/EX3.12/result_3_12.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..169c615dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.12/result_3_12.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ Value of output voltage =  -3.0000 V 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.13/example_3_13.sce b/196/CH3/EX3.13/example_3_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..702c508e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.13/example_3_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Chapter 3

+//Example 3-13

+//ProbOnOpampParameters 

+//Page 58,Figure 3-8

+clear;clc;

+//Given

+Ei=4;//in volts

+Rl=10*10^3;//in ohm

+I=0;//in ampere

+Vout=Ei;//output voltage

+Il=Vout/Rl;//load current

+I0=I+Il;//output current 

+printf("\n\n Value of o/p voltage =  %.4f V \n\n",Vout)

+printf("\n\n Value of load current =  %.4f A \n\n",Il)

+printf("\n\n Value of output current =  %.4f A \n\n",I0)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.13/result_3_13.txt b/196/CH3/EX3.13/result_3_13.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ffe737900
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.13/result_3_13.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+Value of o/p voltage =  4.0000 V 

+

+

+Value of load current =  0.0004 A 

+

+

+Value of output current =  0.0004 A 

diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.14/example_3_14.sce b/196/CH3/EX3.14/example_3_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1fbdc3198
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.14/example_3_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+//Chapter 3

+//Example 3-14

+//ProbOnVoltageGain 

+//Page 62,63, Figure 3-11

+clear;clc;

+//Given

+Rf = 40*10^3;

+R1 = 10*10^3;

+//Example 3-14(a)

+Acl = (Rf + R1)/R1;

+printf("\n\n Value of Voltage Gain =  %.4f \n\n",Acl)

+//Example 3-14(b)

+x=[0 2.5 5 7.5 10]

+y=[-2 0 2 0 -2]

+subplot(2,2,1)

+a=gca()

+a.thickness = 1;

+a.x_location = 'middle';

+plot2d(x,y,style=3,rect=[0,-2,10,2])

+xtitle ( " Ei Vs t " , " t(ms) " , " Ei(V) " );

+subplot(2,2,2)

+x1=[0 2.5 5 7.5 10]

+y1=[-10 0 10 0 -10]

+x2=[0 2.5 5 7.5 10]

+y2=[-2 0 2 0 -2]

+a=gca()

+a.thickness = 1;

+a.x_location = 'middle';

+plot2d(x1,y1,style=3,rect=[0,-15,10,15])

+plot2d(x2,y2,style=1)

+xtitle ( " Vo Vs t  " , " t(ms) " , " Vo and Ei " );

+legend ( " Vo Vs t " , " Ei Vs t ");

+xtitle ( " CRO waveshape of Vo and Ei Vs t ")

+subplot(2,2,3)

+//Example 3-14(c)

+x=[-2 -1 0 1 2]

+y=[-10 -5 0 5 10]

+a=gca()

+a.thickness = 1;

+a.x_location = 'middle';

+a.y_location = 'middle';

+plot2d(x,y,style=3,rect=[-2,-15,2,15])

+xtitle ( " Vo Vs Ei  " , " Ei(V) " , "Vo(V) " );

+legend ( " Slope = +5 ");

+xtitle ( "Input-output characteristic of a noninverting Amplifier")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.14/result_3_14.txt b/196/CH3/EX3.14/result_3_14.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6fb56b445
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.14/result_3_14.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Value of Voltage Gain =  5.0000 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.15/Figure3_15.xcos b/196/CH3/EX3.15/Figure3_15.xcos
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c19161096
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.15/Figure3_15.xcos
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.15/example_3_15.sce b/196/CH3/EX3.15/example_3_15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c3ba32fb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.15/example_3_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//Chapter 3

+//Example 3-15

+//DesignAnAmplifier 

+//Page 64

+clear;clc;

+//Given 

+Acl = 10;// Gain is positive, so choose noninvering amplifier

+R1 = 10*10^3;

+Rf = (Acl*R1)-R1;

+printf("\n\n Value of Rf =  %.4f ohm \n\n",Rf)

+xcos('Figure3_15.xcos')//Design will be as shown in the figure

diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.15/result_3_15.txt b/196/CH3/EX3.15/result_3_15.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2a53b60e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.15/result_3_15.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+

+ Value of Rf =  90000.0000 ohm
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.16/example_3_16.sce b/196/CH3/EX3.16/example_3_16.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9527e6fdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.16/example_3_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Chapter 3

+//Example 3-16

+//ProbOnServoAmplifier 

+//Page 72

+clear;clc;

+//Given

+Ei=2;//in volts

+Vf=Ei;//feedback voltage

+Vout=2*Vf;//output voltage

+Vr=-Vout;//Reference voltage

+Vcap=3*Ei;//capacitor voltage

+printf("\n\n Value of feedback voltage =  %.4f V \n\n",Vf)

+printf("\n\n Value of output voltage =  %.4f V \n\n",Vout)

+printf("\n\n Value of reference voltage =  %.4f V \n\n",Vr)

+printf("\n\n Value of capacitor voltage =  %.4f V \n\n",Vcap)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.16/result_3_16.txt b/196/CH3/EX3.16/result_3_16.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ce2a2923a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.16/result_3_16.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+Value of feedback voltage =  2.0000 V 

+

+Value of output voltage =  4.0000 V 

+

+Value of reference voltage =  -4.0000 V 

+

+Value of capacitor voltage =  6.0000 V 

diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.17/example_3_17.sce b/196/CH3/EX3.17/example_3_17.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d0f1d1225
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.17/example_3_17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Chapter 3

+//Example 3-17

+//ProbOnEquilibriumVoltage 

+//Page 72

+clear;clc;

+//Given

+Ei=4;//in volts

+Vf=Ei;//feedback voltage

+Vout=2*Vf;//output voltage

+Vr=-Vout;//Reference voltage

+Vcap=3*Ei;//capacitor voltage

+printf("\n\n Value of feedback voltage =  %.4f V \n\n",Vf)

+printf("\n\n Value of output voltage =  %.4f V \n\n",Vout)

+printf("\n\n Value of reference voltage =  %.4f V \n\n",Vr)

+printf("\n\n Value of capacitor voltage =  %.4f V \n\n",Vcap)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.17/result_3_17.txt b/196/CH3/EX3.17/result_3_17.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..74bfb8718
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.17/result_3_17.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+

+Value of feedback voltage =  4.0000 V 

+

+Value of output voltage =  8.0000 V 

+

+Value of reference voltage =  -8.0000 V 

+

+Value of capacitor voltage =  12.0000 V 

diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.18/example_3_18.sce b/196/CH3/EX3.18/example_3_18.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..95604e073
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.18/example_3_18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//Chapter 3

+//Example 3-18

+//ProbOnEquilibriumTime 

+//Page 73,Figure 3-17

+clear;clc;

+//Given

+Ri=10^5;//in ohm

+C=10^-6;//in farad

+T=3*Ri*C;//Time constant

+ETime=5*T;//equilibrium time

+printf("\n\n Value of Equilibrium Time =  %.4f s \n\n",ETime)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.18/result_3_18.txt b/196/CH3/EX3.18/result_3_18.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c51d64cce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.18/result_3_18.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Value of Equilibrium Time =  1.5000 s 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.2/Example_3_2.sce b/196/CH3/EX3.2/Example_3_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..623652a44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.2/Example_3_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//Chapter 3

+//Example 3-2

+//ProbOnCurrentinOpamp 

+//Page 47,figure 3-2

+clear;clc;

+//Given

+Vout=10;//output voltage

+I=0.1*(10^-3);//current through Rf in amperes

+Rl=25*(10^3);//Load resistance in ohms

+//Calculate

+//Example 3-1(a)

+Il=Vout/Rl;

+printf("\n\n Value of load current =  %.4f A \n\n",Il)

+//Example 3-1(b)

+Iout=I+Il;

+printf("\n\n Total current into the output pin of the opamp =  %.4f A \n\n",Iout)

+printf("\n\n The input resistance seen by Ei is Ri. In order to keep input resistance of the circuit high. Ri should be equal to or greater than 10KiloOhm") 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.2/result_3_2.txt b/196/CH3/EX3.2/result_3_2.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a47298982
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.2/result_3_2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+Value of load current =  0.0004 A 

+

+Total current into the output pin of the opamp =  0.0005 A 

+

+The input resistance seen by Ei is Ri. In order to keep input resistance of the circuit high,

+Ri should be equal to or greater than 10KiloOhm 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.3/example_3_3.sce b/196/CH3/EX3.3/example_3_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8e1c7baea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.3/example_3_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//Chapter 3

+//Example 3-3

+//ProbOnOpampParameters 

+//Page 48,49,figure 3-2

+clear;clc;

+//Given

+Rf=250*(10^3);//Feedback Resistance in Ohms

+Ri=10*(10^3);//Input Resistance in Ohms

+Ei=0.5;//Input voltage

+//Calculate

+//Example 3-3(a)

+I=Ei/(Ri);

+printf("\n\n Value of current through Rf =  %.6f A \n\n",I)

+//Example 3-3(b)

+VRf=I*Rf;

+printf("\n\n Voltage through Rf =  %.4f V \n\n",VRf)

+//Example 3-3(c)

+Ei1=-0.5;

+Vout=-(Rf/Ri)*Ei1;

+printf("\n\n Output Voltage =  %.4f V \n\n",Vout)

+printf("\n\n Thus the magnitude of the output voltage does equal the voltage across Rf and Acl=-25")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.3/result_3_3.txt b/196/CH3/EX3.3/result_3_3.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d71f4f2ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.3/result_3_3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Value of current through Rf =  0.000050 A 

+

+

+Voltage through Rf =  12.5000 V 

+

+

+Output Voltage =  12.5000 V 

+

+

+Thus the magnitude of the output voltage does equal the voltage across Rf and Acl=-25

diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.4/example_3_4.sce b/196/CH3/EX3.4/example_3_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..325e7341d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.4/example_3_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//Chapter 3

+//Example 3-4

+//ProbOnOpampResistance 

+//Page 49

+clear;clc;

+//Given

+Vout=12.5;//in volts

+Il=2*10^-3;//in amperes

+Rl=Vout/Il;//Load resistance in ohm

+//example 3-4(a)

+printf("\n\n Value of Load Resistance =  %.8f ohm \n\n",Rl)

+//example 3-4(b)

+I=0.05*10^-3;

+Iout=I+Il;

+printf("\n\n Value of output current =  %.8f amp \n\n",Iout)

+//example 3-4(c)

+printf("\n\n The circuit input resistance is Rl=10Kohm")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.4/result_3_4.txt b/196/CH3/EX3.4/result_3_4.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..17cc46c5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.4/result_3_4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+ Value of Load Resistance =  6250.00000000 ohm 

+

+

+

+ Value of output current =  0.00205000 amp 

+

+

+

+ The circuit input resistance is Rl=10Kohm
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.5/example_3_5.sce b/196/CH3/EX3.5/example_3_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..edd29918a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.5/example_3_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Chapter 3

+//Example 3-5

+//ProbOnVoltageGain 

+//Page 50,figure 3-3

+clear;clc;

+//Given

+Rf=20*10^3;

+Ri=10*10^3;

+Acl=-(Rf/Ri);//Voltage Gain

+printf("\n\n Value of Voltage Gain =  %.6f  \n\n",Acl)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.5/result_3_5.txt b/196/CH3/EX3.5/result_3_5.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d8a0ff291
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.5/result_3_5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ Value of Voltage Gain =  -2.000000  
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.6/example_3_6.sce b/196/CH3/EX3.6/example_3_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e483bf212
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.6/example_3_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//Chapter 3

+//Example 3-6

+//ProbonOutputVoltage 

+//Page 51

+clear;clc;

+Ei=-5;//input voltage

+Acl=-2;//Voltage Gain

+Vout=Ei*Acl;//output voltage

+printf("\n\n Value of Output Voltage =  %.4f V \n\n",Vout)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.6/result_3_6.txt b/196/CH3/EX3.6/result_3_6.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c1e22c6f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.6/result_3_6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ Value of Output Voltage =  10.0000 V 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.7/Figure3_7.xcos b/196/CH3/EX3.7/Figure3_7.xcos
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7d5090674
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.7/Figure3_7.xcos
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><XcosDiagram background="-1" modified="1" title="Figure3_7"><Array as="context" scilabClass="String[]"><add value=""/></Array><mxUndoManager as="undoManager"/><mxGraphModel as="model"><root><mxCell id="379c33a1:131f4a5f2d9:-7ffd"/><mxCell id="379c33a1:131f4a5f2d9:-7ffe" parent="379c33a1:131f4a5f2d9:-7ffd"/><BasicBlock dependsOnU="1" id="379c33a1:131f4a5f2d9:-7fe4" interfaceFunctionName="OpAmp" ordering="1" parent="379c33a1:131f4a5f2d9:-7ffe" simulationFunctionName="OpAmp" simulationFunctionType="DEFAULT" style="mirror=false;rotation=0;OpAmp;flip=false;" value="&lt;html&gt;&lt;body&gt; &lt;TABLE&gt;           &lt;TR&gt;             &lt;TD&gt;+&lt;/TD&gt;             &lt;TD&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;           &lt;/TR&gt;           &lt;TR&gt;             &lt;TD&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;             &lt;TD&gt;OP&lt;/TD&gt;           &lt;/TR&gt;           &lt;TR&gt;             &lt;TD&gt;-&lt;/TD&gt;             &lt;TD&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;           &lt;/TR&gt;         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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.7/example_3_7.sce b/196/CH3/EX3.7/example_3_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fecb271c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.7/example_3_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Chapter 3
+//Example 3-7
+//ProbOnO/Pvoltage 
+//Page 51
+clear;clc;
+Ri=10*10^3;//input resistance in ohm
+Gain= 25;
+Rf=Gain*Ri;//feedback resistance in ohm
+printf("\n\n Value of Rf =  %.4f ohm \n\n",Rf)
+xcos('Figure3_7.xcos');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.7/result_3_7.txt b/196/CH3/EX3.7/result_3_7.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5cc8b5c53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.7/result_3_7.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Value of Rf =  250000.0000 ohm 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.8/example_3_8.sce b/196/CH3/EX3.8/example_3_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..07b9e410a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.8/example_3_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Chapter 3

+//Example 3-8

+//ProbOnO/Pvoltage 

+//Page 52,Figure 3-4

+clear;clc;

+//Given

+E1=2;E2=3;E3=1;//input voltage

+R=10*10^3;//in ohm

+Vout=-(E1+E2+E3);

+printf("\n\n Value of o/p voltage =  %.4f V \n\n",Vout)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.8/result_3_8.txt b/196/CH3/EX3.8/result_3_8.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..98af2cbcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.8/result_3_8.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ Value of o/p voltage =  -6.0000 V
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.9/example_3_9.sce b/196/CH3/EX3.9/example_3_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8489277f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.9/example_3_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Chapter 3

+//Example 3-9

+//ProbOnO/Pvoltage 

+//Page 53,Figure 3-4

+clear;clc;

+//Given

+E1=2;E2=3;E3=-1;//input voltage

+R=10*10^3;//in ohm

+Vout=-(E1+E2+E3);

+printf("\n\n Value of o/p voltage =  %.4f V \n\n",Vout)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/196/CH3/EX3.9/result_3_9.txt b/196/CH3/EX3.9/result_3_9.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..46fcb6ff8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/196/CH3/EX3.9/result_3_9.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ Value of o/p voltage =  -4.0000 V
\ No newline at end of file