initial commit / add all books

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diff --git a/1820/CH7/EX7.1/Example7_1.sce b/1820/CH7/EX7.1/Example7_1.sce
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+// ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM ENGINEERING ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

+// TURAN GONEN

+// CRC PRESS

+// SECOND EDITION

+

+// CHAPTER : 7 : TRANSIENT OVERVOLTAGES AND INSULATION COORDINATION

+

+// EXAMPLE : 7.1 :

+clear ; clc ; close ; // Clear the work space and console

+

+// GIVEN DATA

+V = 1000 ; // surge voltage in kV

+Z_c = 500 ; // surge impedance in Ω

+

+// CALCULATIONS

+// For case (a)

+P = V^2/Z_c ; // Total surge power in MW

+

+// For case (b)

+V1 = V*10^3 ; // surge voltage in V

+i = V1/Z_c ;// surge current in A

+

+// DISPLAY RESULTS

+disp("EXAMPLE : 7.1 : SOLUTION :-") ;

+printf("\n (a) Total surge power in line , P = %d MW \n",P) ;

+printf("\n (b) Surge current in line , i = %d A \n",i) ;

diff --git a/1820/CH7/EX7.2/Example7_2.sce b/1820/CH7/EX7.2/Example7_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..79436652e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1820/CH7/EX7.2/Example7_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM ENGINEERING ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

+// TURAN GONEN

+// CRC PRESS

+// SECOND EDITION

+

+// CHAPTER : 7 : TRANSIENT OVERVOLTAGES AND INSULATION COORDINATION

+

+// EXAMPLE : 7.2 :

+clear ; clc ; close ; // Clear the work space and console

+

+// GIVEN DATA

+V = 1000 ; // surge voltage in kV

+Z_c = 50 ; // surge impedance in Ω

+

+// CALCULATIONS

+// For case (a)

+P = V^2/Z_c ; // Total surge power in MW

+

+// For case (b)

+V1 = V*10^3 ; // surge voltage in V

+i = V1/Z_c ;// surge current in A

+

+// DISPLAY RESULTS

+disp("EXAMPLE : 7.1 : SOLUTION :-") ;

+printf("\n (a) Total surge power in line , P = %d MW \n",P) ;

+printf("\n (b) Surge current in line , i = %d A \n",i) ;

diff --git a/1820/CH7/EX7.4/Example7_4.sce b/1820/CH7/EX7.4/Example7_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3e973bc83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1820/CH7/EX7.4/Example7_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM ENGINEERING ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

+// TURAN GONEN

+// CRC PRESS

+// SECOND EDITION

+

+// CHAPTER : 7 : TRANSIENT OVERVOLTAGES AND INSULATION COORDINATION

+

+// EXAMPLE : 7.4 :

+clear ; clc ; close ; // Clear the work space and console

+

+// GIVEN DATA

+R = 500 ; // Resistance in Ω

+Z_c = 400 ; // characteristic impedance in Ω

+v_f = 5000 ; // Forward travelling voltage wave in V

+i_f = 12.5 ; // Forward travelling current wave in A

+

+// CALCULATIONS

+// For case (a)

+r_v = (R - Z_c)/(R + Z_c) ; // Reflection coefficient of voltage wave

+

+// For case (b)

+r_i = -(R - Z_c)/(R + Z_c) ; // Reflection coefficient of current wave

+

+// For case (c)

+v_b = r_v * v_f ; // Backward-travelling voltage wave in V

+

+// For case (d)

+v = v_f + v_b ; // Voltage at end of line in V

+v1 = (2 * R/(R + Z_c)) * v_f ; // (or) Voltage at end of line in V

+

+// For case (e)

+t1 = (2 * R/(R + Z_c)) ; // Refraction coefficient of voltage wave

+

+// For case (f)

+i_b = -( v_b/Z_c ) ; // backward-travelling current wave in A

+i_b1 = -r_v * i_f ; // (or) backward-travelling current wave in A

+

+

+// For case (g)

+i = v/R ; // Current flowing through resistor in A

+

+// For case (h)

+t2 = (2 * Z_c/(R + Z_c)) ; // Refraction coefficient of current wave

+

+// DISPLAY RESULTS

+disp("EXAMPLE : 7.4 : SOLUTION :-") ;

+printf("\n (a) Reflection coefficient of voltage wave , ρ = %.4f \n",r_v) ;

+printf("\n (b) Reflection coefficient of current wave , ρ = %.4f \n",r_i) ;

+printf("\n (c) Backward-travelling voltage wave , v_b = %.3f V \n",v_b) ;

+printf("\n (d) Voltage at end of line , v = %.3f V \n",v) ;

+printf("\n     From alternative method ")

+printf("\n     Voltage at end of line , v = %.3f V \n",v) ;

+printf("\n (e) Refraction coefficient of voltage wave , Γ = %.4f \n",t1) ;

+printf("\n (f) Backward-travelling current wave , i_b = %.4f A \n",i_b) ;

+printf("\n (g) Current flowing through resistor, i = %.4f A \n",i) ;

+printf("\n (h) Refraction coefficient of current wave , Γ = %.4f \n",t2) ;

diff --git a/1820/CH7/EX7.5/Example7_5.sce b/1820/CH7/EX7.5/Example7_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e4b703268
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1820/CH7/EX7.5/Example7_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+// ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM ENGINEERING ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

+// TURAN GONEN

+// CRC PRESS

+// SECOND EDITION

+

+// CHAPTER : 7 : TRANSIENT OVERVOLTAGES AND INSULATION COORDINATION

+

+// EXAMPLE : 7.5 :

+clear ; clc ; close ; // Clear the work space and console

+

+// GIVEN DATA

+Z_c1 = 400 ; // Surge impedance of line in Ω

+Z_c2 = 40 ; // Surge impedance of cable in Ω

+v_f = 200 ; // Forward travelling surge voltage in kV

+

+// CALCULATIONS

+// For case (a)

+v_f1 = v_f * 10^3 ; // surge voltage in V

+i_f = v_f1/Z_c1 ; // Magnitude of forward current wave in A

+

+// For case (b)

+r = (Z_c2 - Z_c1)/(Z_c2 + Z_c1) ; // Reflection coefficient

+

+// For case (c)

+t = 2 * Z_c2/(Z_c2 + Z_c1) ; // Refraction coefficient

+

+// For case (d)

+v = t * v_f ; // Surge voltage transmitted forward into cable in kV

+

+// For case (e)

+v1 = v * 10^3 ; // Surge voltage transmitted forward into cable in V

+I = v1/Z_c2 ; // Surge current transmitted forward into cable in A

+

+// For case (f)

+v_b = r * v_f ; // surge voltage reflected back along overhead line in kV

+

+// For case (g)

+i_b = -r * i_f ; // surge current reflected back along overhead line in A

+

+// For case (h)

+// Arbitrary values are taken in graph.Only for reference not for scale 

+T = 0:0.1:300 ;

+

+for i = 1:int(length(T)/3) ; // plotting Voltage values

+    vo(i) = 3;

+end

+for i = int(length(T)/3):length(T)

+    vo(i) = 1 ;

+end

+for i = int(length(T))

+    vo(i) = 0 ;

+end

+

+

+a=gca() ;

+ylabel("CURRENT             SENDING END               VOLTAGE           ") ;

+b = newaxes() ; // creates new axis

+b.y_location = "right" ; // Position of axis

+ylabel ("RECEIVING END") ; // Labelling y-axis

+b.axes_visible = ["off","off","off"] ; 

+e = newaxes() ; 

+e.y_location = "middle" ; 

+e.y_label.text = "JUNCTION" ;

+subplot(2,1,1) ;

+plot2d(T,vo,2,'012','',[0,0,310,6]) ;

+

+for i = 1:int(length(T)/3) ; // Plotting current surges value

+    io(i) = 1 ;

+end

+for i = int(length(T)/3):length(T)

+    io(i) = 3 ;

+end

+for i = int(length(T))

+    io(i) = 0 ;

+end

+

+

+c=gca() ;

+d = newaxes() ;

+d.y_location = "right" ;

+d.filled = "off" ;

+f.y_location = "middle" ; 

+f.y_label.text = "JUNCTION" ;

+subplot(2,1,2) ;

+plot2d(T,io,5,'012','',[0,0,310,6]) ;

+

+// DISPLAY RESULTS

+disp("EXAMPLE : 7.5 : SOLUTION :-") ;

+printf("\n (a) Magnitude of forward current wave , i_f = %d A \n",i_f) ;

+printf("\n (b) Reflection coefficient , ρ = %.4f \n",r) ;

+printf("\n (c) Refraction coefficient , Γ = %.4f \n",t) ;

+printf("\n (d) Surge voltage transmitted forward into cable , v = %.2f kV \n",v) ;

+printf("\n (e) Surge current transmitted forward into cable , i = %.f A \n",I) ;

+printf("\n (f) Surge voltage reflected back along the OH line , v_b = %.2f kV \n",v_b) ;

+printf("\n (g) Surge current reflected back along the OH line , i_b = %.f A \n",i_b) ;

+printf("\n (h) Graph shows plot of voltage & current surges after arrival at the junction \n") ;

diff --git a/1820/CH7/EX7.6/Example7_6.sce b/1820/CH7/EX7.6/Example7_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..50799022d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1820/CH7/EX7.6/Example7_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+// ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM ENGINEERING ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

+// TURAN GONEN

+// CRC PRESS

+// SECOND EDITION

+

+// CHAPTER : 7 : TRANSIENT OVERVOLTAGES AND INSULATION COORDINATION

+

+// EXAMPLE : 7.6 :

+clear ; clc ; close ; // Clear the work space and console

+

+// GIVEN DATA

+v = 1000 ; // ideal dc voltage source in V

+Z_s = 0 ; // internal impedance in Ω

+Z_c = 40 ; // characteristic impedance in Ω

+Z_r = 60 ; // Cable is terminated in 60Ω resistor

+

+// CALCULATIONS

+// For case (a)

+r_s = (Z_s - Z_c)/(Z_s + Z_c) ; // Reflection coefficient at sending end

+

+// For case (b)

+r_r = (Z_r - Z_c)/(Z_r + Z_c) ; // Reflection coefficient at receiving end

+

+// For case (c)

+T = 0:0.001:10.6 ; // // plotting values

+for i = 1:length(T) ;

+    if(T(i)<=1)

+        x(i) = (1.2)*T(i) - 1 ;

+    elseif(T(i)>=1 & T(i)<=2)

+        x(i) = (-1.2)*T(i) + 1.4 ;

+    elseif(T(i)>=2 & T(i)<=3)

+        x(i) = (1.2)*T(i)- 3.4 ;

+    elseif(T(i)>=3 & T(i)<=4)

+        x(i) = (-1.2)*T(i) + 3.8 ;

+    elseif(T(i)>=4 & T(i)<=5)

+        x(i) = (1.2)*T(i)- 5.8 ;

+    elseif(T(i)>=5 & T(i)<=6)

+        x(i) = (-1.2)*T(i) + 6.2 ;

+    elseif(T(i)>=6 & T(i)<=7)

+        x(i) = (1.2)*T(i)- 8.2 ;

+    elseif(T(i)>=7 & T(i)<=8)

+        x(i) = (-1.2)*T(i) + 8.6 ;

+    elseif(T(i)>=8 & T(i)<=9)

+        x(i) = (1.2)*T(i)- 10.6 ;

+    elseif(T(i)>=9 & T(i)<=10)

+        x(i) = (-1.2)*T(i) + 11 ;

+    elseif(T(i)>=10 & T(i)<=10.6)

+        x(i) = (1.2)*T(i) - 13 ;

+        end 

+end

+

+subplot(2,1,1) ; // Plotting two graph in same window

+plot2d(T,x,5,'012','',[0,-1,11,0.2]) ;

+

+a = gca() ;

+xlabel("TIME") ;

+ylabel("ρ_s = -1             DISTANCE             ρ_r = 0.2") ;

+xtitle("Fig 7.6 (c) Lattice diagram") ;

+a.thickness = 2 ; // sets thickness of plot

+xset('thickness',2) ; // sets thickness of axes

+xstring(1,-1,'T') ;

+xstring(2,-1,'2T') ;

+xstring(3,-1,'3T') ;

+xstring(4,-1,'4T') ;

+xstring(5,-1,'5T') ;

+xstring(6,-1,'6T') ;

+xstring(7,-1,'7T') ;

+xstring(8,-1,'8T') ;

+xstring(9,-1,'9T') ;

+xstring(10,-1,'10T') ;

+xstring(0.1,0.1,'0V') ;

+xstring(2,0.1,'1200V') ;

+xstring(4,0.1,'960V') ;

+xstring(6,0.1,'1008V') ;

+xstring(8,0.1,'998.4V') ;

+xstring(1,-0.88,'1000V') ;

+xstring(3,-0.88,'1000V') ;

+xstring(5,-0.88,'1000V') ;

+xstring(7,-0.88,'1000V') ;

+xstring(9,-0.88,'1000V') ;

+

+// For case (d)

+q1 = v ; // Refer Fig 7.11 in textbook

+q2 = r_r * v ;

+q3 = r_s * r_r * v ;

+q4 = r_s * r_r^2 * v ;

+q5 = r_s^2 * r_r^2 * v ;

+q6 = r_s^2 * r_r^3 * v ;

+q7 = r_s^3 * r_r^3 * v ;

+q8 = r_s^3 * r_r^4 * v ;

+q9 = r_s^4 * r_r^4 * v ;

+q10 = r_s^4 * r_r^5 * v ;

+q11 = r_s^5 * r_r^5 * v ;

+V_1 = v - q1 ;

+V_2 = v - q3 ;

+V_3 = v - q5 ;

+V_4 = v - q7 ; // voltage at t = 6.5T & x = 0.25l in Volts

+V_5 = v - q9 ;

+

+// For case (e)

+t = 0:0.001:9 ;

+

+for i= 1:length(t)

+    if(t(i)>=0 & t(i)<=1)

+        y(i) = V_1 ;

+    elseif(t(i)>=1 & t(i)<=3)

+        y(i) = V_2 ;

+    elseif(t(i)>=3 & t(i)<=5)

+        y(i)= V_3 ;

+    elseif(t(i)>=5 & t(i)<=7)

+        y(i)= V_4 ;

+    elseif(t(i)>=7 & t(i)<=9)

+        y(i)= V_5 ;

+    end

+end

+subplot(2,1,2) ;

+a = gca() ;

+a.thickness = 2 ; // sets thickness of plot

+plot2d(t,y,2,'012','',[0,0,10,1300]) ;

+a.x_label.text = 'TIME (T)' ; // labels x-axis

+a.y_label.text = 'RECEIVING-END   VOLTAGE (V)' ; // labels y-axis

+xtitle("Fig 7.6 (e) . Plot of Receiving end Voltage v/s Time") ;

+xset('thickness',2); // sets thickness of axes

+xstring(1,0,'1T') ; // naming points

+xstring(3,0,'3T') ;

+xstring(5,0,'5T') ;

+xstring(7,0,'7T') ;

+xstring(1,1200,'1200 V') ;

+xstring(4,960,'960 V') ;

+xstring(6,1008,'1008 V') ;

+xstring(8,998.4,'998.4 V') ;

+

+

+// DISPLAY RESULTS

+disp("EXAMPLE : 7.6 : SOLUTION :-") ;

+printf("\n (a) Reflection coefficient at sending end , ρ_s = %.f \n",r_s) ;

+printf("\n (b) Reflection coefficient at sending end , ρ_r = %.1f \n",r_r)

+printf("\n (c) The lattice diagram is shown in Fig 7.6 (c) \n") ;

+printf("\n (d) From Fig 7.6 (c) , the voltage value is at t = 6.5T & x = 0.25 l is = %.d Volts \n",V_4) ;

+printf("\n (e) The plot of the receiving-end voltage v/s time is shown in Fig 7.6 (e) \n") ;