initial commit / add all books

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diff --git a/1784/CH26/EX26.1/example1.sce b/1784/CH26/EX26.1/example1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4635fd107
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH26/EX26.1/example1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//chapter26

+//Example 1.1

+clc

+m=3.1 //mass of copper penny in grams

+e=4.6*10^-18 //charge in coulombs

+N0=6*10^23 //avogadro's number atoms/mole

+M=64 //molecular weight of copper in gm/mole

+//Calculation

+N=(N0*m)/M;  //No.of copper atoms in penny

+q=N*e; //magnitude of the charges in coulombs

+disp(q,"magnitude of the charges in coul is")

diff --git a/1784/CH26/EX26.2/example2.sce b/1784/CH26/EX26.2/example2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..99b040d4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH26/EX26.2/example2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//Chapter26

+//Example 2

+clc

+F=4.5 //Force of attraction in nt

+q=1.3*10^5 //total charge in coul

+r=q*sqrt((9*10^9)/F);

+disp(r,"Seperation between total positive and negative charges in meters is")

diff --git a/1784/CH26/EX26.3/example3.sce b/1784/CH26/EX26.3/example3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7c04195d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH26/EX26.3/example3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//Chapter26

+//example 3

+clc

+//given three charges q1,q2,q3

+q1=-1.0*10^-6 //charge in coul

+q2=+3.0*10^-6 

+q3=-2.0*10^-6

+r12=15*10^-2 //seperation between q1 and q2 in m

+r13=10*10^-2 // seperation between q1 and q3 in m

+angle=%pi/6 //in degrees

+F12=(9.0*10^9)*q1*q2/(r12^2) //in nt

+F13=(9.0*10^9)*q1*q3/(r13^2) //in nt

+F12x=-F12 ; //ignoring signs of charges

+F13x=F13*sin(angle);

+F1x=F12x+F13x

+F12y=0 //from fig.263

+F13y=-F13*cos(angle);

+F1y=F12y+F13y //in nt

+disp(F1x,"X component of resultant force acting on q1 in nt is")

+disp(F1y,"Y component of resultant force acting on q1 in nt is")

diff --git a/1784/CH26/EX26.4/example4.sce b/1784/CH26/EX26.4/example4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4e8e762b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH26/EX26.4/example4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//chapter26

+//Example 4

+clc

+r=5.3*10^-11 //distance b/w elecctron and proton in the hydrogen atom in meter

+e=1.6*10^-19 //charge in coul

+G=6.7*10^-11 //gravitatinal constant in nt-m2/kg2

+m1=9.1*10^-31 //mass of electron in kg

+m2=1.7*10^-27 //mass of proton in kg

+F1=(9*10^9)*e*e/(r^2) //coulmbs law

+F2=G*m1*m2/(r^2) //gravitational force

+disp(F1,"Coulomb force in nt is")

+disp(F2,"Gravitational force in nt is")

diff --git a/1784/CH26/EX26.5/example5.sce b/1784/CH26/EX26.5/example5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a114bc062
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH26/EX26.5/example5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//chapter 26

+//Example 5

+clc

+r=4*10^-15 //separation b/w proton annd nucleus in iron in meters

+q=1.6*10^-19 //charge in coul

+F=(9*10^9)*(q^2)/(r^2); //coulombs law

+printf("Repulsive coulomb force F=%d nt",F)

diff --git a/1784/CH27/EX27.1/example1.sce b/1784/CH27/EX27.1/example1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5ab670901
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH27/EX27.1/example1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//chapter27

+//Example 1

+clc

+m=9.1*10^-31 //mass of electron in kg

+g=9.8 //acceleration due to gravity in m/s

+q=1.6*10^-19 //charge of electron in coul

+disp("Electric field strength E=F/q where F=mg")

+E=m*g/q

+disp(E,"electric field strength in nt/coul is")

diff --git a/1784/CH27/EX27.11/example11.sce b/1784/CH27/EX27.11/example11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d34b96ad3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH27/EX27.11/example11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//chapter 27
+//Example 11
+clc
+//Given
+q=1.0*10^-6 //magnitude of two opposite charges of a electric dipole in coul
+d=2.0*10^-2 // seperation b/w charges in m
+E=1.0*10^5 //external field in nt/coul
+//calculations
+//(a)Max torque if found when theta=90 degrees
+//Torque =pEsin(theta)
+p=q*d //electric dipole moment
+T=p*E*sin(%pi/2)
+disp("(a)Maximum torque exerted by the fied in nt-m is")
+disp(T)
+//(b)work done by the external agent is the potential energy b/w the positions theta=180 and 0 degree
+W=(-p*E*cos(%pi))-(-p*E*cos(0))
+disp("(b) work done by the external agent to turn dipole end for end in joule is ")
+disp(W)
+
diff --git a/1784/CH27/EX27.4/example4.sce b/1784/CH27/EX27.4/example4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..26ea384ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH27/EX27.4/example4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//chapter27

+//example 4

+clc

+//given

+q1=1.0*10^-6 //in coul

+q2=2.0*10^-6 //in coul

+l=10 //sepearation b/w q1 and q2 in cm

+disp("for the electric field strength to be zero the point should lie between the charges where E1=E2")

+//"Refer to the fig 27.9"

+//E1=electric fied strength due to q1

+//E2=electric fied strength due to q2

+disp("E1=E2 which implies q1/4πϵx2 = q2/4πϵ(l-x)2")

+x=l/(1+sqrt(q2/q1))

+printf("Electric field strength is zero at x=%f cm",x)

diff --git a/1784/CH27/EX27.9/example9.sce b/1784/CH27/EX27.9/example9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bbb87e04b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH27/EX27.9/example9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//chapter27

+//example 9

+clc

+//given

+e=1.6*10^-19 //charge in coul

+E=1.2*10^4 //electric field in nt/coul

+x=1.5*10^-2 //length of deflecting assembly in m

+K0=3.2*10^-16 //kinetic energy of electron in joule

+//calculation

+y=e*E*x^2/(4*K0)

+disp(y,"Corresponding deflection in meters is")

diff --git a/1784/CH28/EX28.3/Example3.sce b/1784/CH28/EX28.3/Example3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3ff63f3ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH28/EX28.3/Example3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//chapter 28
+//Example 3
+clc
+//Given
+r=1*10^-10 //radius of the atom in meter
+Z=79 //gold atomic number
+e=1.6*10^-19 //charge in coul
+q=Z*e //total positive charge in coul
+E=(9.0*10^9)*q/r^2
+disp(E,"Electric field strength at the surface of the gold atom in nt/coul is")
diff --git a/1784/CH28/EX28.4/example4.sce b/1784/CH28/EX28.4/example4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..61f931b8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH28/EX28.4/example4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//chapter 28
+//Example 4
+clc
+//given
+r=6.9*10^-15 //radius of the gold nucleus in meter
+Z=79 //gold atomic number
+e=1.6*10^-19 //charge in coul
+q=Z*e //total positive charge in coul
+E=(9.0*10^9)*q/r^2
+disp("Electric field strength at the surface of the gold atom in nt/coul is")
+disp(E)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1784/CH29/EX29.3/example3.sce b/1784/CH29/EX29.3/example3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..585a90d25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH29/EX29.3/example3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//chapter 29
+//example 3
+clc
+//given
+V=100 //electric potential in volts
+r=10*10^-2 //in meters
+epsilon0=8.85*10^-12 //coul2/nt-m2
+disp("Potential due to a point charge is V=q/4*pi*epislon0*r")
+q=V*4*%pi*epsilon0*r
+disp(q,"Magnitude of positive point charge in coul is ")
diff --git a/1784/CH29/EX29.4/example4.sce b/1784/CH29/EX29.4/example4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1940ea0cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH29/EX29.4/example4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//chapter 29
+//example 4
+clc
+//given
+r=6.6*10^-15 //radius of the gold nucleus in meter
+Z=79 //gold atomic number
+e=1.6*10^-19 //charge in coul
+q=Z*e //total positive charge in coul
+epsilon0=8.85*10^-12 //coul2/nt-m2
+V=q/(4*%pi*epsilon0*r)
+disp(V,"Electric potential at the surface of the nucleus in volts is")
diff --git a/1784/CH29/EX29.5/example5.sce b/1784/CH29/EX29.5/example5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f80b6d207
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH29/EX29.5/example5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//chapter 29
+//example 5
+clc
+//given
+q1=1.0*10^-8 //in coul
+q2=-2.0*10^-8 //in coul
+q3=3.0*10^-8 //in coul
+q4=2.0*10^-8 //in coul
+a=1 //side of square in meter
+epsilon0=8.85*10^-12 //coul2/nt-m2
+//refer to the fig 29.7
+r=a/sqrt(2) //distance of charges from centre in meter
+V=(q1+q2+q3+q4)/(4*%pi*epsilon0*r)
+disp(V,"Potential at the center of the square in volts is")
diff --git a/1784/CH29/EX29.8/example8.sce b/1784/CH29/EX29.8/example8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8aae1a2c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH29/EX29.8/example8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//chapter 29
+//example 8
+clc
+//given
+q1=1.6*10^-19 //charge in coul
+q2=1.6*10^-19 //charge in coul
+r=6.0*10^-15 //seperation b/w two protons in meter
+epsilon0=8.85*10^-12 //coul2/nt-m2
+U=(q1*q2)/(4*%pi*epsilon0*r)
+disp("Mutual electric potential energy of two proton in joules is")
+disp(U)
+V=U/q1
+disp(V,"Mutual electric potential energy of two proton in ev is")
diff --git a/1784/CH29/EX29.9/example9.sce b/1784/CH29/EX29.9/example9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5d8e1536d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH29/EX29.9/example9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//chapter 29
+//example 9
+clc
+//given
+q=1.0*10^-7 //charge in coul
+a=10*10^-2 //side of triangle in meter
+q1=q
+q2=-4*q
+q3=2*q
+epsilon0=8.85*10^-12 //coul2/nt-m2
+disp("Total energy is the sum of each pair of particles ")
+U=(1/(4*%pi*epsilon0))*(((q1*q2)/a)+((q1*q3)/a)+((q2*q3)/a))
+disp(U,"Mutual potential energy of the particles in joules is")
diff --git a/1784/CH30/EX30.1/example1.sce b/1784/CH30/EX30.1/example1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a37c75ca0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH30/EX30.1/example1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//chapter 30
+//example 1
+clc
+//given
+C=1.0 //capacitance in farad
+d=1.0*10^-3 //separation b/w plates in meter
+epsilon0=8.85*10^-12 //coul2/nt-m2
+A=d*C/epsilon0
+disp(A,"Plate area in square meter is")
diff --git a/1784/CH30/EX30.5/example5.sce b/1784/CH30/EX30.5/example5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8f92bef85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH30/EX30.5/example5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+//chapter 30
+//example 5
+clc
+//given
+epsilon0=8.85*10^-12 //coul2/nt-m2
+A=100*10^-4//area of the plate in square meter
+d=1*10^-2 //separation b/w plates in meter
+b=5*10^-3 //thickness of dielectric lab in meter
+V0=100//in volts
+k=7
+//(a)
+C0=epsilon0*A/d
+disp(C0,"(a)Capacitance before the slab is inserted in farad is")
+//(b)
+q=C0*V0
+disp(q,"(b)Free charge in coul is")
+//(c)
+E0=q/(epsilon0*A)
+disp(E0,"(c)Electric field strength in the gap in volts/meter is")
+//(d)
+E=q/(k*epsilon0*A)
+disp(E,"(d)Electric field strength in the dielectric in volts/meter is")
+//(e)
+//Refer to fig30-12
+V=E0*(d-b)+E*b
+disp(V,"(e)Potential difference between the plates in volts is")
+//(f)
+C=q/V
+disp(C,"Capacitance with the slab in place in farads is")
diff --git a/1784/CH30/EX30.6/example6.sce b/1784/CH30/EX30.6/example6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..14ab3312d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH30/EX30.6/example6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//chapter 30
+//example 6
+clc
+//given
+epsilon0=8.85*10^-12 //coul2/nt-m2
+A=100*10^-4//area of the plate in square meter
+d=1*10^-2 //separation b/w plates in meter
+V0=100//in volts
+E0=1*10^4 //Electric field in the air gap in volts/meter
+k=7
+k0=1
+E=1.43*10^3 //in volts/metre
+D=k*E*epsilon0
+P=epsilon0*(k-1)*E
+//(a)
+disp(D,"(a)Electric displacement in dielectric in coul/square metre is ")
+disp(P,"Electric polarisation in dielectric in coul/square meter is")
+//(b)
+D0=k0*epsilon0*E0
+disp(D0,"(b)Electric displacement in air gap in coul/square metre is ")
+P0=epsilon0*(k0-1)*E0
+disp(P0,"Electric polarisation in air gap in coul/square meter is")
diff --git a/1784/CH31/EX31.1/example1.sce b/1784/CH31/EX31.1/example1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b0fba13fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH31/EX31.1/example1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//chapter 31

+//example1

+clc

+//given

+d1=0.10 //diameter of aluminium wire in inches

+d2=0.064 //diameter of copper wire in inches

+i=10 //current carried by composite wire in amperes

+A1=%pi*(d1/2)^2 //crosssectional area of aluminium wire in square inches

+A2=%pi*(d2/2)^2 //crosssectional area of copper wire in square inches

+j1=i/A1

+j2=i/A2

+disp(j1,"Current density in Aluminium wire in amp/square inches")

+disp(j2,"Current density in copper wire in amp/square inches")

diff --git a/1784/CH31/EX31.2/example2.sce b/1784/CH31/EX31.2/example2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bfebdac66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH31/EX31.2/example2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//chapter 31

+//example2

+clc

+//given

+j=480//current density for copper wire in amp/cm2

+N0=6*10^23 //avagadro number in atoms/mole

+M=64//molecular wt in gm/mole

+d=9.0 //density in gm/cm3

+e=1.6*10^-19//elecron charge in coul

+n=d*N0/M 

+disp(n,"No.of free electrons per unit volume in atoms/mole")

+Vd=j/(n*e)

+disp(Vd,"Drift speed of electron in cm/sec is")

diff --git a/1784/CH31/EX31.3/example3.sce b/1784/CH31/EX31.3/example3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6bb1c7967
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH31/EX31.3/example3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//chapter 31

+//example3

+clc

+//given

+disp("Dimensions of rectangular carbon block are 1.0cm*1.0cm*50cm")

+l=1.0*10^-2 //in meter

+b=1.0*10^-2//in meter

+h=50*10^-2 //in meter

+p=3.5*10^-5 //resisivity of carbon in ohm-m

+//(a)Resistance b/w two square ends

+l1=h

+A1=b*l

+R1=p*l1/A1

+disp(R1,"(a) Resistance measured b/w the two square ends in ohm is")

+l2=l

+A2=b*h

+R2=p*l2/A2

+disp(R2,"(a) Resistance measured b/w the two opposite rectangular faces in ohm is")

+

diff --git a/1784/CH31/EX31.4/example4.sce b/1784/CH31/EX31.4/example4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cb048e719
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH31/EX31.4/example4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//chapter 31

+//example4

+clc

+//given

+m=9.1*10^-31 //in kg

+n=8.4*10^28 //in m-1

+e=1.6*10^-19 //in coul

+p=1.7*10^-8 //in ohm-m

+v=1.6*10^8 //in cm/sec

+T=2*m/(n*p*e^2)

+disp(T,"(a) Mean time b/w collisions in sec is")

+Lambda=T*v

+disp(Lambda,"(b) Mean free path in cm is")

diff --git a/1784/CH31/EX31.5/example5.sce b/1784/CH31/EX31.5/example5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9c4ff0387
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH31/EX31.5/example5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//chapter 31

+//example5

+clc

+//given

+V=110 //in volt

+R=24//ohms

+P1=V^2/R

+disp(P1,"(a)Power for the single coil in watts is")

+P2=V^2/(R/2)

+disp(P2,"(b)Power for a coil of half the length in watts is")

diff --git a/1784/CH33/EX33.1/example1.sce b/1784/CH33/EX33.1/example1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..41ea3856f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH33/EX33.1/example1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//chapter 33

+//example1

+clc

+//given

+K=5*10^6 //ev

+e=1.6*10^-19 //in coul

+K1=K*e //in joules

+m=1.7*10^-27 //in kg

+B=1.5 //wb/m

+theta=%pi/2

+v=sqrt(2*K1/m)

+disp(v,"Speed of the proton in meters/sec is")

+F=e*v*B*sin(theta)

+disp(F,"Force acting on proton in nt is")

diff --git a/1784/CH33/EX33.3/example3.sce b/1784/CH33/EX33.3/example3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..456608779
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH33/EX33.3/example3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//chapter 33

+//example3

+clc

+//given

+N=250 //turns in coil

+i=1.0*10^-4 //in amp

+B=0.2 //wb/m2

+h=2*10^-2// coil height in m

+w=1.0*10^-2 //width of coil in m

+Q=30 //angular deflectin in degrees

+theta=%pi/2

+A=h*w

+k=N*i*A*B*sin(theta)/Q

+disp(k,"Torssional constant in nt-m/deg is")

diff --git a/1784/CH33/EX33.4/example4.sce b/1784/CH33/EX33.4/example4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9b6afaf3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH33/EX33.4/example4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//chapter 33

+//example4

+clc

+//given

+N=100 // turns in circular coil

+i=0.10 //in amp

+B=1.5// in wb/m2

+a=5*10^-2 //radius of coil in meter

+u=N*i*%pi*(a^2) //u is dipole moment

+U1=(-u*B*cos(0))

+U2=-u*B*cos(%pi)

+W=U2-U1

+disp(W,"  W0rk required to turn current in an  external magnetic field from theta=0 to theta=180 degree in joule is ")

diff --git a/1784/CH33/EX33.5/example5.sce b/1784/CH33/EX33.5/example5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4fafc5364
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH33/EX33.5/example5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//chapter 33

+//example5

+clc

+//given

+i=200 //current in the strip in amp

+B=1.5 //magnetic field in wb/m2

+n=8.4*10^28 //in m-3

+e=1.6*10^-19 //in coul

+h=1.0*10^-3 //thickness of copper strip in metre

+w=2*10^-2 //width of copper strip in meter

+//calculation

+Vxy=i*B/(n*e*h)

+disp(Vxy,"Hall potential difference aross strip in volt is")

diff --git a/1784/CH33/EX33.6/example6.sce b/1784/CH33/EX33.6/example6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..de56ecfe2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH33/EX33.6/example6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//chapter 33

+//example6

+clc

+//given

+m=9.1*10^-31 // in kg

+v=1.9*10^6 //in m/sec

+q=1.6*10^-19 //charge in coul

+B=1.0*10^-4 //in wb/m2

+//calculations

+//(A)

+r=m*v/(q*B)

+disp(r,"(A)  Orbit radius in meter is")

+//(B)

+f=q*B/(2*%pi*m)

+disp(f,"(B)  Cyclotron frequency in rev/sec is")

+//(C)

+T=1/f

+disp(T,"(C)  Period of revolution in sec is")

diff --git a/1784/CH33/EX33.7/example7.sce b/1784/CH33/EX33.7/example7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4d9a1fffc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH33/EX33.7/example7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//chapter 33

+//example7

+clc

+//given

+f0=12*10^6 //cyclotron frequency in cycles/sec

+r=21//dee radius in inches

+R=r*0.0254 //dee radius in meter

+q=1.6*10^-19 //charge in coul

+m=3.3*10^-27 //in kg

+//(A)

+B=2*%pi*f0*m/q

+disp(B,"(A)  Magnetic induction needed to accelerate deuterons in wb/m2 is")

+//(B)

+K=((q^2*B^2*R^2)/(2*m))

+disp(K,"(B)  Deuteron energy in joule is")

+K1=K*(1/(1.6*10^-19))

+disp(K1,"   Deuteron energy in ev is")

diff --git a/1784/CH34/EX34.3/example3.sce b/1784/CH34/EX34.3/example3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ecd3ceaac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH34/EX34.3/example3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//chapter 34

+//example3

+clc

+//given

+i1=100 //in amp

+i2=20 //in amp

+W=0.073 //weight of second wire W=F/l in nt/m

+u0=4*%pi*10^-7 //in weber/amp-m

+//calculations

+d=u0*i1*i2/(2*%pi*W)

+disp(d,"seperation between two wires in metres")

diff --git a/1784/CH34/EX34.5/example5.sce b/1784/CH34/EX34.5/example5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cf460141b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH34/EX34.5/example5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//chapter 34

+//example5

+clc

+//given

+l=1.0 //length of solenoid in meter

+d=3*10^-2 //diameter of solenoid in meter

+n=5*850 //number of layers and turns of wire

+u0=4*%pi*10^-7 //in weber/amp-m

+i0=5.0 //current in amp

+//(A)

+B=u0*i0*n

+disp(B,"Magnetic field at center in wb/m2 is")

+//(B)

+A=%pi*(d/2)^2

+Q=B*A

+disp(Q,"Magnetic flux at the center of the solenoid in weber is")

diff --git a/1784/CH34/EX34.9/eample9.sce b/1784/CH34/EX34.9/eample9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..47211feee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH34/EX34.9/eample9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//chapter 34

+//example9

+clc

+//given

+e=1.6*10^-19 //in coul

+R=5.1*10^-11 //radius of th enucleus in meter

+f=6.8*10^15 //frequency with which elecron circulates in rev/sec

+u0=4*%pi*10^-7 //in weber/amp-m

+x=0 //x is any point on the orbit, since at center x=0

+//(A)

+i=e*f

+B=u0*i*R^2*0.5/((R^2+x^2)^(3/2))

+disp(B,"(A)  Magnetic field at the center of the orbit in wb/m2")

+N=1 //no.of turns

+A=%pi*R^2

+U=N*i*A

+disp(U,"(B)  Equivalent magnetic dipole moment in amp-m2 is ")

diff --git a/1784/CH35/EX35.1/example1.sce b/1784/CH35/EX35.1/example1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ef1cccfc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH35/EX35.1/example1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//chapter 35

+//example1

+clc

+//given

+l=1.0 //length of solenoid in meter

+r=3*10^-2 //radius of solenoid in meter

+n=200*10^2 //number of turns in solenoid per meter

+u0=4*%pi*10^-7 //in weber/amp-m

+i=1.5 //current in amp

+N=100 //no.of turns in a close packed coil placed at the center of solenoid

+d=2*10^-2 //diameter of coil in meter

+delta_T=0.050 //in sec

+//(A)

+B=u0*i*n

+disp(B,"Magnetic field at center in wb/m2 is")

+//(B)

+A=%pi*(d/2)^2

+Q=B*A

+disp(Q,"Magnetic flux at the center of the solenoid in weber is")

+delta_Q=Q-(-Q)

+E=-(N*delta_Q/delta_T)

+disp(E,"Induced EMF in volts is ")

diff --git a/1784/CH35/EX35.7/example7.sce b/1784/CH35/EX35.7/example7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4fb81a09f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH35/EX35.7/example7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+//chapter 35

+//example7

+clc

+//given

+//refer to fig 35-16

+B=2 //magnetic field in wb/m2

+l=10*10^-2 //in m

+v=1.0 //in m/sec

+q=1.6*10^-19 //charge in coul

+disp("Let S be the frame of reference fixed w.r.t  the magnet and Z be the frame of reference w.r.t the loop")

+//(A)

+E=v*B

+disp(E,"(A)  Induced electric field in volt/m observed by Z")

+//(B)

+F=q*v*B

+disp(F,"(B)  Force acting on charge carrier in nt w.r.t S is")

+F1=q*E

+disp(F1,"     Force acting on charge carrier in nt w.r.t Z is")

+//(C)

+emf1=B*l*v

+disp(emf1,"(C)  Induced emf in volt observed by S is")

+emf2=E*l

+disp(emf2,"Induced emf in volt observed by Z is")

diff --git a/1784/CH36/EX36.1/example1.sce b/1784/CH36/EX36.1/example1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..010a0e4a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH36/EX36.1/example1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//chapter 36

+//example1

+clc

+//given

+u0=4*%pi*10^-7//in weber/amp-m   Mu-not=u0

+N=10^3//no.of turns

+a=5*10^-2//im meter

+b=10*10^-2 //in meter

+h=1*10^-2// in metre

+L=(u0*N^2*h)/(2*%pi)*log(b/a)

+disp(L,"Inductance of a toroid of recyangular cross section in henry is")

diff --git a/1784/CH36/EX36.2/example2.sce b/1784/CH36/EX36.2/example2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8cfedee07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH36/EX36.2/example2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//chapter 36

+//example2

+clc

+//given

+L=50 //inductance in henry

+R=30 //resistance in ohms

+t0=log(2)*(L/R)

+disp(t0,"Time taken for the current to reach one-half of its final equilibrium in sec is")

diff --git a/1784/CH36/EX36.3/example3.sce b/1784/CH36/EX36.3/example3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c58fe7d7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH36/EX36.3/example3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//chapter 36

+//example3

+clc

+//given

+L=5 //inductance in henry

+V=100 //emf in volts

+R=20 //resistance in ohms

+i=V/R

+disp(i,"Maximum current in amp is")

+U=(L*i^2)/2

+disp(U,"Energy stored in the magnetic field in joules is")

diff --git a/1784/CH36/EX36.4/example4.sce b/1784/CH36/EX36.4/example4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..793b0872e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH36/EX36.4/example4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//chapter 36

+//example4

+clc

+//given

+L=3//inductance in henry

+R=10 //resistance in ohm

+V=3 //emf in volts

+t=0.30//in sec

+T=0.30 //inductive time constant in sec

+//(a)

+i=(V/R)*(1-exp(-t/T))

+P1=V*i

+disp(P1,"The rate at which energy is delivred by the battery in watt is")

+//(b)

+P2=i^2*R

+disp(P2,"The rate at which energy appears as Joule heat in the resistor in watt is")

+//(c)

+disp("Let D=di/dt")

+D=(V/L)*exp(-t/T)// in amp/sec

+P3=L*i*D

+disp(P3,"The desired rate at which energy is being stored in the magnetic field in watt is")

diff --git a/1784/CH36/EX36.6/example6.sce b/1784/CH36/EX36.6/example6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..74d848bfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH36/EX36.6/example6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//chapter 36

+//example6

+clc

+//given

+epsilon0=8.9*10^-12//in coul2/nt-m2

+E=10^5//elelctric field in volts/meter

+B=1 //magnetic field in weber/meter2

+u0=4*%pi*10^-7//in weber/amp-m   Mu-not=u0

+a=0.1 //side of the cube in meter

+V0=a^3 //volume of the cube in meter3

+//(a)

+U1=epsilon0*E^2*V0/2 //in elelctric field

+disp(U1,"(a)Energy required to set up in the given cube on edge in electric field in joules is")

+//(b)

+U2=(B^2/(2*u0))*V0

+disp(U2,"(b)Energy required to set up in the given cube on edge in magnetic field in joules is")

diff --git a/1784/CH37/EX37.2/example2.sce b/1784/CH37/EX37.2/example2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..df5b8ba65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH37/EX37.2/example2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//chapter 37

+//example2

+clc

+//given

+e=1.6*10^-19 //in coul

+r=5.1*10^-11 //radius of hydrogen atom in meter

+m=9.1*10^-31// mass of electron in kg

+epsilon0=8.9*10^-12 //in coul2/nt-m2

+p=((e^2)/4)*sqrt(r/(%pi*epsilon0*m))

+disp(p,"Orbital dipole moment in amp-m2 is")

diff --git a/1784/CH37/EX37.4/example4.sce b/1784/CH37/EX37.4/example4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..44a123945
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH37/EX37.4/example4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//chapter 37

+//example4

+clc

+//given

+e=1.6*10^-19 //in coul

+r=5.1*10^-11 //radius of hydrogen atom in meter

+m=9.1*10^-31// mass of electron in kg

+epsilon0=8.9*10^-12 //in coul2/nt-m2

+B=2 //in wb/m2

+delta_p=(e^2*B*r^2)/(4*m)

+disp(delta_p,"Change in Orbital dipole moment in amp-m2 is + 0r -")

diff --git a/1784/CH37/EX37.5/example5.sce b/1784/CH37/EX37.5/example5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..83e37465b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH37/EX37.5/example5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//chapter 37

+//example5

+clc

+//given

+u=1.4*10^-26 //in amp-m2

+B=0.50 //wb/m2

+Lp=0.53*10^-34 //in joule-sec

+fp=u*B/(2*%pi*Lp)

+disp(fp,"Precession frequency of phoyon in given magnetic field in cps is")

diff --git a/1784/CH37/EX37.6/example6.sce b/1784/CH37/EX37.6/example6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1794036ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH37/EX37.6/example6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//chapter 37

+//example6

+clc

+//given

+n=10*10^2 //turns/m

+i=2 //in amp

+B=1.0 //in wb/m

+u0=4*%pi*10^-7 //in wb/amp-m

+//(A)

+H=n*i

+disp(H,"(A)  Magnetic field strength in amp/m is")

+//(B)

+M=(B-u0*H)/u0

+disp("(B)  Magnetisation is Zero when core is removed")

+disp(M,"  Magnetisation when th ecore is replaced in amp/m")

+//(C)

+disp("(C)  Effective magnetizing current i=i(M,0)=M*(2*%pi*r0/N0)=M/n")

+i=M/n

+disp(i,"  Effective magnetizing current in amp is")

+//D

+Km=B/(u0*H)

+disp(Km,"(D)  Permeability ")

diff --git a/1784/CH38/EX38.1/example1.sce b/1784/CH38/EX38.1/example1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d3e7267cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH38/EX38.1/example1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//Example 1
+//Chapter 38
+//clc()
+V_o=50// in volts
+C=1*10^-6 //in farad
+L=10*10^-3
+i_m=V_o*(sqrt(C/L))
+disp(i_m,"Max current in amps")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1784/CH38/EX38.2/Ex38_2.sce b/1784/CH38/EX38.2/Ex38_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f7595ed20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH38/EX38.2/Ex38_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//chapter 38
+//Example 2
+clc
+//given
+L=10*(10^-3)// in henry
+C=(10)^-6 //in farad
+w=sqrt(1/(L*C))
+disp(" Angular frequency in radians/sec=")
+disp(w)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1784/CH38/EX38.3/EX38_3.sce b/1784/CH38/EX38.3/EX38_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6a5ace367
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH38/EX38.3/EX38_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//chapter 38
+//Example 3
+clc
+
+
+//given
+L=10*(10^-3)// in henry
+C=(10)^-6 //in farad
+R=0.1 //in ohm
+w=sqrt(1/(L*C))
+disp(" Angular frequency in radians/sec=")
+disp(w)
+t=(2*L*log(2))/R
+disp(" time in sec=")
+disp(t)
diff --git a/1784/CH38/EX38.5/EX38_5.sce b/1784/CH38/EX38.5/EX38_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b12dff9c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH38/EX38.5/EX38_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//chapter 38
+//Example 5
+clc
+//given
+m_0=(4*%pi*10^-7)//in weber
+e_0=(8.9*10^-12)
+R=5*10^-2//meters
+dEbydT=10^12
+B=(0.5*m_0*e_0*R*dEbydT)
+disp(" magnetic field in weber/m^2=")
+disp(B)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1784/CH38/EX38.6/Ex38_6.sce b/1784/CH38/EX38.6/Ex38_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..08fe6806d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH38/EX38.6/Ex38_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//chapter 38
+//Example 6
+clc
+//given
+m_0=(4*%pi*10^-7)//in weber
+e_0=(8.9*10^-12)
+R=5*10^-2//meters
+dEbydT=10^12
+i_d=(e_0*%pi*R*R*dEbydT)
+disp(" current in amp=")
+disp(i_d)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1784/CH39/EX39.6/example_6.sce b/1784/CH39/EX39.6/example_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..217c6a6b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH39/EX39.6/example_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//Example 6
+//chapter 39
+//clc()
+r=1//in m
+p=10^3//
+m=4*%pi*10^-7//weber/amp-m
+c=3*10^8
+x=2*%pi
+E_m=(1/r)*(sqrt((p*m*c)/x))
+disp(E_m,"The value of E in volts/meter=")
+B=E_m/c
+disp(B,"B in weber/meter^2")
diff --git a/1784/CH40/EX40.1/example_1.sce b/1784/CH40/EX40.1/example_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b3ce203ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH40/EX40.1/example_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//chapter 40
+//Example 1
+//clc()
+u=(10)*(1.0)*3600// in Joules
+c=3*10^8// in m/sec
+t=3600//in sec
+disp("solution (a)")
+disp(u,"energy reflected from mirror in joule=")
+p=(2*u)/c
+disp(p,"momentum after i hr illumination in kg-m/sec=")
+disp("solution (b)")
+f=p/t
+disp(f,"force in newton=")
diff --git a/1784/CH40/EX40.2/example_2.sce b/1784/CH40/EX40.2/example_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bc388874a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH40/EX40.2/example_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//chapter 40
+// example 2
+//clc()
+theta=1/1440
+c=3*10^8// in m/sec
+l=8630 //in m
+w=(c*theta)/(2*l)
+disp(w,"Angular speed in rev/sec= ")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1784/CH40/EX40.3/example_3.sce b/1784/CH40/EX40.3/example_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..81f74d093
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH40/EX40.3/example_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//chapter 40
+//example 3
+//clc()
+l=15.6//in cm
+n=8
+lambda_g=(2*l)/n
+disp(lambda_g,"lambda_g in cm=")
+lambda=3.15//in cm
+f=9.5*10^9//cycles/sec
+c=lambda*f
+disp(c,"value of c in m/sec=")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1784/CH40/EX40.4/example_4.sce b/1784/CH40/EX40.4/example_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..56684ae28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH40/EX40.4/example_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Example 4
+//chapter 4
+//clc()
+v_1=25000//miles/hr
+u=25000//miles/hr
+c=6.7*10^8// miles/hr
+x=1+((v_1*u)/(c)^2)
+
+v=(v_1+u)/x
+disp(v,"Speed of light in miles/hour=")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1784/CH41/EX41.1/example2.sce b/1784/CH41/EX41.1/example2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8af1b6cdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH41/EX41.1/example2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//example_2
+//chapter 41
+theta_1=30
+n_qa=1.4702
+theta2=asind(sind(theta_1)/n_qa)
+disp("For 4000 A beam, theta_2 in degree=")
+disp(theta2)
+
+theta_1=30
+n_qa=1.4624
+theta2=asind(sind(theta_1)/n_qa)
+disp("For 5000 A beam, theta_2 in degree=")
+disp(theta2)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1784/CH41/EX41.4/example4.sce b/1784/CH41/EX41.4/example4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..36a8b04c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH41/EX41.4/example4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//example 4
+// chapter 41
+//clc()
+disp("Index reflection=")
+n=1/sind(45)
+disp(n)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1784/CH41/EX41.5/example_5.sce b/1784/CH41/EX41.5/example_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d8be803e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH41/EX41.5/example_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//Example 4
+//Chapter 41
+//clc()
+n2=1.33
+n1=1.50
+theta_c=asind(n2/n1)
+disp(theta_c,"Angle theta_c in degree=")
+disp("Actual angle of indices =45 is less than theta_ c, so there \n is no internal angle reflection")
+disp("angle of refraction=")
+x=n1/n2
+theta_2=asind(x*sind(45))
+disp(theta_2,"theta_2 in degree=")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1784/CH42/EX42.4/example_4.sce b/1784/CH42/EX42.4/example_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bc8ce67c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH42/EX42.4/example_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//example_4
+//chapter 42
+//clc()
+n1=1
+n2=2
+o=20//in cm
+r=10//in cm
+disp("x=n2/i")
+x=((n2-n1)/r)-(n1/o)
+disp(x)
+i=n2/x
+disp(i,"The value of i in cm=")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1784/CH42/EX42.5/example_5.sce b/1784/CH42/EX42.5/example_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..59c3bfc3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH42/EX42.5/example_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//example_5
+//chapter 42
+//clc()
+n1=2
+n2=1
+o=15//in cm
+r=-10//in cm
+disp("x=n2/i")
+x=((n2-n1)/r)-(n1/o)
+disp(x)
+i=n2/x
+disp(i,"The value of i in cm=")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1784/CH42/EX42.7/example_7.sce b/1784/CH42/EX42.7/example_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..86550e62a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH42/EX42.7/example_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//Example 7
+//chapter 42
+//clc()
+n=1.65
+r_1=40//in cm
+r_2=-40//in cm
+disp("x=1/f in cm=")
+x=(n-1)*((1/r_1)-(1/r_2))
+disp(x)
+disp("f=1/x")
+f=1/x
+disp(f,"f in cm=")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1784/CH42/EX42.8/example_8.sce b/1784/CH42/EX42.8/example_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..86796236d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH42/EX42.8/example_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//Example 8
+//chapter 42
+//clc()
+o=9//in c
+f=24//in cm
+x=(1/f)-(1/o)
+disp("x=1/i in cm=")
+disp(x)
+i=1/x
+disp("i in cm=")
+disp(i)
+disp("lateral magnification =")
+m=-(i/o)
+disp(m)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1784/CH43/EX43.1/example_1.sce b/1784/CH43/EX43.1/example_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4c862db51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH43/EX43.1/example_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Example
+//chapter 43
+//given
+m=1
+lambda=546*10^-9
+d=0.10*10^-3//in m
+sin_theta=((m-0.5)*lambda)/(d)
+disp(sin_theta,"sin theta =")
+theta=asind(sin_theta)
+disp(theta,"angle in degree=")
diff --git a/1784/CH43/EX43.2/example_2.sce b/1784/CH43/EX43.2/example_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8858a15f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH43/EX43.2/example_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//Example 2
+//chapter 43
+delta=546*10^-9//in meter
+D=20*10^-2//in meter
+d=0.10*10^-3///in meter
+delta_y=(delta*D)/d
+disp(delta_y,"Linear distence in meter=")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1784/CH43/EX43.4/example_4.sce b/1784/CH43/EX43.4/example_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c281e111a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH43/EX43.4/example_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//Example 4
+//chapter 43
+d=3200//in A
+n=1.33
+for m=1:2
+    lambda_max=(2*d*n)/(m+0.5)
+    lambda_min=(8500/m)
+    disp(m, "when m=")
+    disp(lambda_max,"lambda_max=")
+    disp(lambda_min,"lambda_min=")
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1784/CH43/EX43.5/example_5.sce b/1784/CH43/EX43.5/example_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..82b1f23dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH43/EX43.5/example_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Example 5
+//chapter 43
+//clc()
+lambda=5000//in A
+n=1.38
+for m=0:3
+    disp(m,"when m=")
+    d=((m+0.5)*lambda)/(2*n)
+    disp(d,"d in A=")
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1784/CH44/EX44.1/example1.sce b/1784/CH44/EX44.1/example1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2f2f54144
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH44/EX44.1/example1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//example 1
+//chapter 44
+//clc()
+m=1
+lambda=6500//in A
+
+a=(m*lambda)/sind(30)
+disp(a,"a in A=")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1784/CH44/EX44.2/example2.sce b/1784/CH44/EX44.2/example2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9a59e202c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH44/EX44.2/example2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+//Example 2
+//Chapter 44
+lambda=6500
+lambda_1=lambda/1.5
+disp(lambda_1,"wavelength in A=")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1784/CH44/EX44.5/EX44_5.sce b/1784/CH44/EX44.5/EX44_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1922aa68e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH44/EX44.5/EX44_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//chapter 44
+//Example 5
+clc
+//given
+m_0=(4*%pi*10^-7)//in weber
+e_0=(8.9*10^-12)
+R=5*10^-2//meters
+dEbydT=10^12
+i_d=(e_0*%pi*R*R*dEbydT)
+disp(" current in amp=")
+disp(i_d)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1784/CH44/EX44.7/EX44_7.sce b/1784/CH44/EX44.7/EX44_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..eb023ecb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH44/EX44.7/EX44_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//chapter 44
+//example 7
+//given
+//clc()
+
+lambda=480*10^-9//in m
+d=0.10*10^-3//in m
+D=50*10^-2// in m
+a=0.02*10^-3
+delta_y=(lambda*D)/d
+disp("solution (a)")
+disp(delta_y,"D in m=")
diff --git a/1784/CH45/EX45.1/example_1.sce b/1784/CH45/EX45.1/example_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7ae441fbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH45/EX45.1/example_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//example 1
+//chapter 45
+//clc()
+m=1
+lambda=4000//in A
+d=31700//in A
+theta=asind((m*lambda)/d)
+disp(theta,"The first order diffraction pattern in degree=")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1784/CH45/EX45.2/example_2.sce b/1784/CH45/EX45.2/example_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cb3198b83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH45/EX45.2/example_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//chapter 45
+//example 2
+//given
+//clc()
+m=1
+lambda=5890//in A
+d=25400//in A
+theta=asind((m*lambda)/d)
+disp("solution (a)")
+disp(theta,"The first order diffraction pattern in degree=")
+disp("solution (b)")
+//given
+del_lambda=5.9//in A
+delta_theta=(m*(del_lambda))/(d*cosd(theta))
+disp(delta_theta,"Angle of seperation in degree=")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1784/CH45/EX45.3/example3.sce b/1784/CH45/EX45.3/example3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..abcc36594
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH45/EX45.3/example3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Example 3
+//chapter 45
+//Given
+lambda=5890//A
+m=3
+delta_lambda=(5895.9-5890.0)//in A
+R=lambda/(delta_lambda)
+disp(R,"Resolving power=")
+N=(R/m)
+disp(N,"Number of rulings needed is=")
diff --git a/1784/CH45/EX45.4/example_4.sce b/1784/CH45/EX45.4/example_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0a2ae0a5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH45/EX45.4/example_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//Example 4
+//Chapter 45
+//clc()
+m=3
+m1=5
+lambda=5460//in A
+d=31700//in A
+theta=asind((m*lambda)/d)
+disp(theta,"The first order diffraction pattern in degree=")
+D=m/(d* cosd(theta))
+disp("Solution (a)")
+disp(D,"The dispersion in radian/A=")
+disp("Solution (b)")
+N=8000
+lambda=5460
+R=N*m1
+delta_lambda=lambda/R
+disp(delta_lambda,"Wave length difference in A=")
diff --git a/1784/CH45/EX45.5/example5.sce b/1784/CH45/EX45.5/example5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d6fa97a65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH45/EX45.5/example5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+//Example 5
+//chapter 45
+//clc()
+a_o=5.63//A
+d=a_o/sqrt(5)
+lambda=1.10//in A
+disp(d,"Interplanar spacing d in A=")
+
+disp("diffracted beam occurs when m=1,m=2 and m=3")
+disp("when m1=1, theta in degree=")
+m1=1
+x=(m1*lambda)/(2*d)
+theta_1=asind(x)
+disp(theta_1)
+disp("when m1=2, theta in degree=")
+m2=2
+x=(m2*lambda)/(2*d)
+theta_2=asind(x)
+disp(theta_2)
+disp("when m1=3, theta in degree=")
+m3=3
+x=(m3*lambda)/(2*d)
+theta_3=asind(x)
+disp(theta_3)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1784/CH46/EX46.1/example1.sce b/1784/CH46/EX46.1/example1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ae1707ffe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH46/EX46.1/example1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+//example 1
+//chapter 46
+theta=acosd(1/sqrt(2))
+disp(180-theta,"Polarization angle theta=")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1784/CH46/EX46.2/example2.sce b/1784/CH46/EX46.2/example2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..acaac6169
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH46/EX46.2/example2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//example 2
+// Chapter 46
+theta_p= atand(1.5)
+disp(theta_p,"theta_p in degrees")
+sin_theta_r= sind(theta_p)/1.5
+theta_r=asind(sin_theta_r)
+disp(theta_r,"angle of refraction fron snells law in degrees=")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1784/CH46/EX46.3/example3.sce b/1784/CH46/EX46.3/example3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f0f215013
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH46/EX46.3/example3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Example 3
+//chapter 46
+// from the equation
+lambda=5890//A
+n_e=1.553
+n_o=1.544
+s=(n_e)-(n_o)
+x=(lambda)/(4*s)
+//textbook answer is wrong
+disp(x,"The value of x in m=")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1784/CH47/EX47.1/EX47_1.sce b/1784/CH47/EX47.1/EX47_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a4902f382
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH47/EX47.1/EX47_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//Chapter 47
+//Example1
+k=20//in nt/m
+m=1//in kg
+//solution
+v=(sqrt((k)/(m)))*(1/(2*%pi))
+
+disp("velocity in cycles/s" )
+disp(v)
diff --git a/1784/CH47/EX47.2/example2.sce b/1784/CH47/EX47.2/example2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5b21b1539
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH47/EX47.2/example2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Example 2
+//chapter 47
+P=(10^(-3))*(3*10^(-18))/(300)
+disp(P,"Power in j-sec")
+s=1.6*(10^(-19))
+t=(5*s)/P
+disp(t,"time reqired in sec =")
+one_sec=0.000277778// hr
+in_hour=one_sec*t
+disp(in_hour,"time required in hour")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1784/CH47/EX47.3/example_3.sce b/1784/CH47/EX47.3/example_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6c2ebf769
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH47/EX47.3/example_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//Example_3
+//Chapter 47
+h=6.63*10^(-34)// in joule/sec
+v=4.39*10^(14)// cycles/sec
+E_o=h*(v)
+disp(E_o,"Energy in joule=")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1784/CH47/EX47.4/example4.sce b/1784/CH47/EX47.4/example4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..01f2cf2c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH47/EX47.4/example4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//Example 4
+disp("solution a")
+h=(6.63)*10^-34
+m=9.11*10^-31
+c=3*10^8
+delta_h=(h/(m*c))*(1-cos(90))
+disp(delta_h,"compton shift in meter")
+disp("solution b")
+delta=1*10^-10
+k=(h*c*delta_h)/(delta*(delta+delta_h))
+
+disp(k,"Kinetic energy in joules")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1784/CH47/EX47.5/example5.sce b/1784/CH47/EX47.5/example5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fdfab694c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH47/EX47.5/example5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//example5
+m=9.11*10^-31//in kg
+e=8.85*10^-12// in coul^2/nt-m^2
+h=6.63*10^-34//in j-sec
+E=(-m*(e^4))/(8*(e^2)*(h^2))
+disp(E,"Binding energy of hydrogen in joule")
diff --git a/1784/CH48/EX1.1/example_1.sce b/1784/CH48/EX1.1/example_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ff9c1a43c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH48/EX1.1/example_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Chapter 48
+//Example1
+k=100*(1.6*(10^-19))
+m=9.1*(10^-31)
+//solution
+v=sqrt(((2*k)/(m)))
+
+disp("velocity in m/s" )
+disp(v)
+h=6.6*(10^-34)
+p=5.4*(10^-34)
+lambda=h/p
+disp("wavelength in A")
+disp(lambda)
+
diff --git a/1784/CH48/EX48.1/EX48_1.sce b/1784/CH48/EX48.1/EX48_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..822cf627f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH48/EX48.1/EX48_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//Chapter 48
+//Example1
+k=100*(1.6*(10^-19))
+m=9.1*(10^-31)
+//solution
+v=sqrt(((2*k)/(m)))
+
+disp("velocity in m/s" )
+disp(v)
+h=6.6*(10^-34)
+p=5.4*(10^-34)
+lambda=h/p
+disp("wavelength in A")
+disp(lambda)
diff --git a/1784/CH48/EX48.2/example_2.sce b/1784/CH48/EX48.2/example_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c0e8ef3b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH48/EX48.2/example_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Example 2
+//given data
+n=1
+h=(6.6)*10^-34 //j/sec
+m=9.1*(10^-31)//in kg
+l=1*(10^-9)//in m
+//Solution
+E=(n^2)*((h^2)/(8*m*(l^2)))
+disp("Energy in Joule=")
+disp(E)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1784/CH48/EX48.3/example_3.sce b/1784/CH48/EX48.3/example_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0aa523390
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH48/EX48.3/example_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//Example3
+//given
+m=10^-9//in kg
+v=10^-6//in m/s
+l=10^-4//in m
+h=(6.6)*(10^-34)//j/s
+E=(0.5)*m*(v^2)
+
+disp("Energy in joule=")
+disp(E)
+
+n=(l/h)*(sqrt(8*m*E))
+disp("Quantum number=")
+disp(n)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1784/CH48/EX48.5/example_5.sce b/1784/CH48/EX48.5/example_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..264880126
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH48/EX48.5/example_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Example 5
+//given
+m=9.1*(10^-31)//in kg
+v=300//in m/s
+h=6.6*(10^-34)// in j-s
+p=m*v
+disp("The electrom momentum in kg-m/s=")
+disp(p)
+delta_p=(0.0001)*p
+
+disp("delta_p in kg-m/s=")
+disp(delta_p)
+
+delta_x=(h/delta_p)
+disp("Minimum uncertainaity in m=")
+disp(delta_x)
diff --git a/1784/CH48/EX48.6/example_6.sce b/1784/CH48/EX48.6/example_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9b22bd17e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1784/CH48/EX48.6/example_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//Example_6
+m=0.05// in kg
+v=300 //m/s
+delta_p=m*v
+disp("Momentum in kg-m/s=")
+disp(delta_p)
+delta_x=(6.6*10^-34)/delta_p
+disp("delta_x in meter=")
+disp(delta_x)
\ No newline at end of file