initial commit / add all books

25 files changed, 420 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/1694/CH1/EX1.10/EX1_10.sce b/1694/CH1/EX1.10/EX1_10.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..efbbc9358
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1694/CH1/EX1.10/EX1_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+clear;

+clc;

+printf("\nEx1.10\n");

+//page no.-12

+//given

+r=1.278;..........//atomic radius of Cu

+n=4;..............//molecules per unit cell for F.C.C.

+N=6.023*10^23;...//avagadro no.

+m=63.5;..........//atomic wt. of Cu

+

+M=(n*m)/N...........//mass of unit cell

+

+a=(4*r*10^-8)/sqrt(2).....//lattice constant in cm

+

+rho=M/a^3............//density of Cu in gm/c.c.

+

+printf("\ndensity of Cu crystal is 8.9 gm/c.c.\n");

diff --git a/1694/CH1/EX1.12/EX1_12.sce b/1694/CH1/EX1.12/EX1_12.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..274079254
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1694/CH1/EX1.12/EX1_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+clear;

+clc;

+printf("\nEx1.12\n");

+//page no.-17

+//given

+a=4.04;.........//lattice constant in angstrom

+disp("For <200> planes");

+h=2;

+k=0;

+l=0;

+

+d=a/sqrt((h^2)+(k^2)+(l^2))........//distance between planes in angstrom

+

+disp("For <110 planes>");

+h=1;

+k=1;

+l=0;

+

+d=a/sqrt((h^2)+(k^2)+(l^2))

+

+disp("For<111> planes");

+h=1;

+k=1;

+l=1;

+

+d=a/sqrt((h^2)+(k^2)+(l^2))

+

+disp("all values in angstrom");

diff --git a/1694/CH1/EX1.13/EX1_13.sce b/1694/CH1/EX1.13/EX1_13.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9eecf1870
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1694/CH1/EX1.13/EX1_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+clear;

+clc;

+printf("\nEx1.13\n");

+//page no.-24

+//given

+d=1.5;.............//interatomic spacing in Angstrom

+lambda=1.4;.......//wavelength

+theta=90;.......//angle in degree

+//by BRAGG'S RELATION 2dsin(theta)=n*lambda

+

+n=(2*d)/lambda.........//order of diffraction

+

+printf("\nmaximum order of spectrum is 2\n");

diff --git a/1694/CH1/EX1.15/EX1_15.sce b/1694/CH1/EX1.15/EX1_15.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e3335ab98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1694/CH1/EX1.15/EX1_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+clear;

+clc;

+printf("\nEx1.15\n");

+//page no.-25

+//given

+theta=12;.......//angle in degrees

+n=1;............//order of spectrum

+d=3.035;....//interatomic spacing in angstrom

+

+lambda=(2*d*sind(12))/n.........//wavelength in angstrom

+

+printf("\nwavelength of X ray beam is 1.262 angstrom\n");

diff --git a/1694/CH1/EX1.16/EX1_16.sce b/1694/CH1/EX1.16/EX1_16.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2432514e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1694/CH1/EX1.16/EX1_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+clear;

+clc;

+printf("\nEx1.16\n");

+//page no.-26

+//given

+//For <111> planes

+h=1;

+k=1;

+l=1;

+n=1;.....//order

+theta=30;......//angle in degrees

+lambda=1.75;....//wavelength in angstrom

+

+//we know d=a/sqrt((h^2)+(k^2)+(l^2))........distance between planes

+

+//also by bragg's law 2*d*sind(theta)=n*lambda......put d values in this

+

+a=(n*lambda*sqrt((h^2)+(k^2)+(l^2)))/(2*sind(theta))......//interatomic spacing in angstrom

+

+printf("\nInteratomic spacing is 3.031 angstrom\n"); 

+

+

diff --git a/1694/CH1/EX1.17/EX1_17.sce b/1694/CH1/EX1.17/EX1_17.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f2fd551e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1694/CH1/EX1.17/EX1_17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+clear;

+clc;

+printf("\nEx1.17\n");

+//page no.-32

+//given

+n=8;...........//no. of atoms per unit cell

+a=5.6*10^-10;....//lattice constant in m

+M=710.59;........//atomic wt. of Ge

+N=6.02*10^26;....//avagadro no.

+

+rho=(n*M)/(a^3*N)........//density

+

+printf("\ndensity is 53771 kg/m^3\n");

diff --git a/1694/CH1/EX1.18/EX1_18.sce b/1694/CH1/EX1.18/EX1_18.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..246c80dc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1694/CH1/EX1.18/EX1_18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+clear;

+clc;

+printf("\nEx1.18\n");

+//page no.-32

+//given

+n=2;...........//no. of atoms per unit cell

+M=55.85;........//atomic wt. of Ge

+N=6.02*10^26;....//avagadro no.

+rho=7860;........//density in Kg/m^3

+

+a=((n*M)/(rho*N))^(1/3)........//lattice constant in angstrom

+

+printf("\nlattice constant is 0.286 angstrom\n");

diff --git a/1694/CH1/EX1.19/EX1_19.sce b/1694/CH1/EX1.19/EX1_19.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..586cc5c45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1694/CH1/EX1.19/EX1_19.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+clear;

+clc;

+printf("\nEx1.19\n");

+//page no.-32

+//given

+n=2;...........//no. of atoms per unit cell

+M=6.94;........//atomic wt. of Ge

+N=6.02*10^26;....//avagadro no.

+rho=530;........//density in Kg/m^3

+

+a=((n*M)/(rho*N))^(1/3)........//lattice constant in angstrom

+

+printf("\nlattice constant is 3.516 angstrom\n");

diff --git a/1694/CH1/EX1.20/EX1_20.sce b/1694/CH1/EX1.20/EX1_20.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..66152fb91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1694/CH1/EX1.20/EX1_20.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+clear;

+clc;

+printf("\nEx1.20\n");

+//page no.-33

+//given

+a=2.9*10^-10;......//lattice constant in m

+M=55.85;........//atomic wt. of Ge

+N=6.02*10^26;....//avagadro no.

+rho=7870;........//density in Kg/m^3

+

+n=(a^3*rho*N)/M........//no. of atoms per unit cell

+

+printf("\nNo. of atoms per unit cell is 2 \n");

diff --git a/1694/CH1/EX1.21/EX1_21.sce b/1694/CH1/EX1.21/EX1_21.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..59d6c5457
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1694/CH1/EX1.21/EX1_21.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+clear;

+clc;

+printf("\nEx1.21\n");

+//page no.-33

+//given

+n=4;...........//no. of atoms per unit cell

+M=63.5;........//atomic wt. of Ge

+N=6.02*10^26;....//avagadro no.

+rho=7860;........//density in Kg/m^3

+r=0.1278*10^-9;....//atomic radius

+

+a=8^(0.5)*r;.......//lattice constant in m

+

+rho=(n*M)/(N*a^3)......//density in Kg/m^3

+

+printf("\ndensity is 8938.66 Kg/m^3\n");

diff --git a/1694/CH1/EX1.22/EX1_22.sce b/1694/CH1/EX1.22/EX1_22.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f62f4538f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1694/CH1/EX1.22/EX1_22.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+clear;

+clc;

+printf("\nEx1.22\n");

+//page no.-33

+//given

+M=58.8;...........//molecular wt. of NaCl

+N=6.023*10^23;....//avagadro no. in gm/mol

+mo=2.18;..........//mass of unit volume of NaCl

+

+m=M/N;..........//mass of NaCl molecule in gm

+

+no=mo/m;.........//no. of molecules per unit volume in mole/cm^3

+//as NaCl is diatomic

+

+n=2*no...........//no. of atoms per unit volume of NaCl in atoms/cm^3

+//as volume of unit cube is n^3*a=1

+

+a=(1/n)^(1/3).....//distance between adjacent atoms in NaCl in cm

+

+printf("\ndistance between two adjacent atoms is 2.81 angstrom\n");

diff --git a/1694/CH1/EX1.23/EX1_23.sce b/1694/CH1/EX1.23/EX1_23.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..83f47fd0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1694/CH1/EX1.23/EX1_23.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+clear;

+clc;

+printf("\nEx1.23\n");

+//page no.-34

+//given

+d=0.282*10^-9;...........//lattice spacing in m

+theta=8.5833;.............//glancing angle

+n=1;......................//order

+//From Bragg's law

+

+lambda=(2*d*sind(theta))/n...........//wavelength in m 

+

+//for max order of diffraction theta is 90 degree

+

+no=2*d*sind(90)/lambda.........//maximum order of diffraction

+

+printf("\nmax order of diffraction is 7 approx\n");

diff --git a/1694/CH1/EX1.24/EX1_24.sce b/1694/CH1/EX1.24/EX1_24.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..41e31395e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1694/CH1/EX1.24/EX1_24.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+clear;

+clc;

+printf("\nEx1.24\n");

+//page no.-34

+//given

+n=3;.....................//order

+lambda=0.79*10^-10;......//wavelength in m

+d=3.04*10^-10;..........//spacing in m

+//from bragg's law

+

+theta=asind((n*lambda)/(2*d))..........//angle in degrees

+

+printf("\nangle is 22.942 degrees\n");

diff --git a/1694/CH1/EX1.25/EX1_25.sce b/1694/CH1/EX1.25/EX1_25.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..84f9f311a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1694/CH1/EX1.25/EX1_25.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+clear;

+clc;

+printf("\nEx1.25\n");

+//page no.-35

+//given

+lambda=0.071*10^-9;.........//wavelength in m

+h=1;

+k=1;

+l=0;

+a=0.28*10^-9;........//lattice constant in m

+n=2;.................//order

+

+d=a/sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2);..........//interplanar spacingin m

+//by bragg's law

+

+theta=asind((n*lambda)/(2*d)).......//angle in degrees

+

+printf("\nangle is 21.01 degrees\n");

diff --git a/1694/CH1/EX1.26/EX1_26.sce b/1694/CH1/EX1.26/EX1_26.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b42e079c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1694/CH1/EX1.26/EX1_26.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+clear;

+clc;

+printf("\nEx1.26\n");

+//page no.-35

+//given

+lambda=3*10^-10;.........//wavelength in m

+h=1;

+k=0;

+l=0;

+theta=40;..............//glancing angle in degrees

+n=1;....................//order

+//from bragg's law

+

+d=(n*lambda)/(2*sind(theta));........//interplanar spacing in m

+

+a=d*sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2);..............//lattice constant in m

+

+V=a^3.......................//volume of unit cell in m

+

+printf("\nvolume of unit cell is 1.27*10^-29 m^3\n");

diff --git a/1694/CH1/EX1.27/EX1_27.sce b/1694/CH1/EX1.27/EX1_27.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4e5c561a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1694/CH1/EX1.27/EX1_27.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+clear;

+clc;

+printf("\nEx1.27\n");

+//page no.-36

+//given

+n=1;.....................//order

+lambda=0.82*10^-10;......//wavelength in m

+a=3*10^-10;.............//lattice constant

+theta=75.86;............//angle in degrees

+//from bragg's law

+

+d=(n*lambda)/(2*sind(theta))........//interplanar spacing in m

+

+//by formula, sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2)=a/d...miller indices can be found

+

+printf("\nmiller indices are (001),(010),(100)\n");

diff --git a/1694/CH1/EX1.28/EX1_28.sce b/1694/CH1/EX1.28/EX1_28.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f85b4d8d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1694/CH1/EX1.28/EX1_28.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+clear;

+clc;

+printf("\nEx1.28\n");

+//page no.-36

+//given

+E=3.76*10^-17;............//kinrtic energy of e- in joule

+n=1;......................//order

+theta=9.20694;............//glancing angle

+h=6.625*10^-34;...........//planck constant

+m=9.1*10^-31;...........//mass of electron

+//from de-broglie relationship

+

+lambda=h/sqrt(2*m*E).......//wavelength 

+

+//from bragg's law

+

+d=(n*lambda)/(2*sind(theta)).........//interplanar spacing in m

+

+printf("\ninterplanar spacing is 2.52 angstrom\n");

+

diff --git a/1694/CH1/EX1.29/EX1_29.sce b/1694/CH1/EX1.29/EX1_29.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8aa2030fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1694/CH1/EX1.29/EX1_29.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+clear;

+clc;

+printf("\nEx1.29\n");

+//page no.-37

+//given

+n=1;..........//order

+theta=27.5;....//angle in degrees

+h=1;

+k=1;

+l=1;

+a=5.63*10^-10;......//lattice constant in m

+h=6.625*10^-34;.....//planck's constant

+c=3*10^10;...........//speed in m/sec

+d=a/sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2)..........//interplanar spacingin m

+//by bragg's law

+

+lambda=(2*d*sind(theta))/n......//wavelength in m

+

+printf("\nwavelength is 3 angstrom\n");

+

+E=h*c/lambda..........//energy of x-ray beam in joule

+//to covert in eV divide by 1.6*10^-19

+

+printf("\nenergy of X-ray beam is 3379.18 eV\n");

diff --git a/1694/CH1/EX1.30/EX1_30.sce b/1694/CH1/EX1.30/EX1_30.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..92873174f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1694/CH1/EX1.30/EX1_30.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+clear;

+clc;

+printf("\nEx1.30\n");

+//page no.-38

+//given

+V=854;.............//accelerated voltage in volt

+theta=56;.........//angle

+n=1;..............//order

+m=9.1*10^-31;......//mass of electron

+e=1.6*10^-19;.....//charge

+h=6.625*10^-34;...//planck constant

+

+lambda=h/sqrt(2*m*e*V).........//wavelength in m

+//Now by bragg's law

+

+d=(n*lambda)/(2*sind(theta))......//interplanar spacing in m

+

+printf("\nspacing is 2.53*10^-11 m\n");

diff --git a/1694/CH1/EX1.31/EX1_31.sce b/1694/CH1/EX1.31/EX1_31.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fe8f45456
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1694/CH1/EX1.31/EX1_31.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+clear;

+clc;

+printf("\nEx1.31\n");

+//page no.-38

+//given

+n=1;..........//order

+theta=34;....//angle in degrees

+h=2;

+k=0;

+l=2;

+lambda=1.5*10^-10;......//wavelength in m

+//By bragg's law

+

+d=(n*lambda)/(2*sind(theta))......//interplanar spacing in m

+

+a=d*sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2).............//lattice constant in m

+

+printf("\nlattice constant is 3.773 angstrom \n");

diff --git a/1694/CH1/EX1.32/EX1_32.sce b/1694/CH1/EX1.32/EX1_32.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7e8d754b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1694/CH1/EX1.32/EX1_32.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+clear;

+clc;

+printf("\nEx1.32\n");

+//page no.-39

+//given

+V=5000;........//potential diff. in volt

+n=1;...........//order

+h=1;

+k=1;

+l=1;

+d=0.204*10^-9;.....//interplanar spacing in m

+m=9.1*10^-31;......//mass of electron

+e=1.6*10^-19;.....//charge

+h=6.625*10^-34;...//planck constant

+

+lambda=h/sqrt(2*m*e*V).........//wavelength in m

+//Now by bragg's law

+

+theta=asind((n*lambda)/(2*d))......//angle in degrees

+

+printf("\nangle is 2.43 degrees\n");

diff --git a/1694/CH1/EX1.4/EX1_4.sce b/1694/CH1/EX1.4/EX1_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9b4d29f12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1694/CH1/EX1.4/EX1_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+clear;

+clc;

+printf("\nEx1.4\n");

+//page no.-8

+//given

+a=3.61;.......//lattice constant in Angstrom

+

+r=(2^(0.5)*a)/4........//for F.C.C. structure radius is given by this

+

+printf("\nradius of copper atom is 12.8 angstrom\n");

diff --git a/1694/CH1/EX1.7/EX1_7.sce b/1694/CH1/EX1.7/EX1_7.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a554924df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1694/CH1/EX1.7/EX1_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+clear;

+clc;

+printf("\nEx1.7\n");

+//page no.-9

+//given

+rho=2700;.......//density of potassium bromide in kg/m^3

+m=119;.........//molecular wt. 

+n=4;...........//molecules per unit cell for F.C.C.

+N=6.02*10^26;...//avagadro no.

+

+M=(n*m)/N;..........//mass in each unit cell

+//as density=mass/volume, so volume is a^3

+

+a=(M/rho)^(1/3)......//lattice constant in Angstrom

+

+printf("\nlattice constant is 6.64 angstrom\n");

diff --git a/1694/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce b/1694/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..89a17af96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1694/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+clear;

+clc;

+printf("\nEx1.8\n");

+//page no.-11

+//given

+rho=7870;.........//densitynof alpha iron in kg/m^3

+N=6.02*10^26;.....//avagadro no.

+n=2;..............//number of molecules per unit cell for B.C.C.

+M=55.8;..........//atomic weight

+

+a=((n*M)/(N*rho))^(1/3).........//lattice constant in metre

+

+printf("\nlattice constant is 2.86 Angstrom\n");

diff --git a/1694/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce b/1694/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8ee6f9d3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1694/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+clear;

+clc;

+printf("\nEx1.9\n");

+//page no.-11

+//given

+rho=2170;.......//density of NaCl in kg/m^3

+m=58.45;.........//molecular wt. of NaCl 

+n=4;...........//molecules per unit cell for F.C.C.

+N=6*10^26;...//avagadro no.

+

+M=(n*m)/N;..........//mass in each unit cell

+//as density=mass/volume, so volume is a^3

+

+a=(M/rho)^(1/3)......//lattice constant in Angstrom

+

+printf("\nlattice constant is 5.64 angstrom\n");