initial commit / add all books

author: priyanka 2015-06-24 15:03:17 +0530
committer: priyanka 2015-06-24 15:03:17 +0530
commit: b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b (patch)
tree: ab291cffc65280e58ac82470ba63fbcca7805165 /1658
download: Scilab-TBC-Uploads-b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b.tar.gz
Scilab-TBC-Uploads-b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b.tar.bz2
Scilab-TBC-Uploads-b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b.zip
307 files changed, 3753 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/1658/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce b/1658/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..05e8a3c63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 10.1
+Ic=10;
+Vce=10;
+hie=500;
+hoe=10**-5;
+hfe=100;
+hre=10**-4;
+gm=Ic/25;
+disp('ohm',gm*1,"gm=");
+rbe=hfe/gm;
+disp('ohm',rbe*1,"rbe=");
+rbb=hie-rbe;
+disp(rbb);
+gbc=hre/rbe;
+disp('*10^-7',gbc*10**7,"gbc=");
+rce=-1/((hoe-(1+hfe)*gbc));
+disp('kohm',rce*10**-3,"rce=");
diff --git a/1658/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce b/1658/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..42d85dcc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+clc
+//e.g 11.1
+Idss=15*10**-3;
+Vgso=-5;
+//Id=Idss*(1-(Vgs/Vgso))^2
+Vgs=0;
+Id=Idss*(1-(Vgs/Vgso))^2;
+disp('mA',Id*10**3,"Id=");
+Vgs1=-1;
+Id=Idss*(1-(Vgs1/Vgso))^2;
+disp('mA',Id*10**3,"Id=");
+Vgs2=-4;
+Id=Idss*(1-(Vgs2/Vgso))^2;
+disp('mA',Id*10**3,"Id=");
diff --git a/1658/CH11/EX11.2/11_2.png b/1658/CH11/EX11.2/11_2.png
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..39bf07ff8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH11/EX11.2/11_2.png
diff --git a/1658/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce b/1658/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..49aa4c99c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+clc;
+Vgs=-5:-5:-20;//Id=Idss*(1-(Vgs/Vgso))^2
+Vgso=-20;
+Idss=12*10**-3;
+Id=Idss*(1-(Vgs/Vgso))^2;
+disp('mA',Id*10**3,"Id=");
+y=0:1:12;
+x=0:-5:-20;
+a=gca() //get the current axes
+a.box="off";
+a.y_location="right";
+plot2d(Vgs,Id);
+xlabel("Gate-to-source voltage  (VGS)");
+ylabel("Drain current  ID(mA)");
diff --git a/1658/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce b/1658/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3c6c15c29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 11.4
+Idss=20*10**-3;
+vp=-8;
+gmo=5000*10**-6;
+vgs=-4;
+//Id=Idss*(1-(Vgs/Vgso))^2
+Id=Idss*(1-(vgs/vp))^2;
+disp('mA',Id*10**3,"Id=");
+gm=gmo*(1-(vgs/vp));
+disp('microsec',gm*10**6,"gm=");
diff --git a/1658/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce b/1658/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7dda04655
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 11.5
+Idon=10*10**-3;
+vgs=-12;
+vgsth=-3;
+//Id=K*(vgs-vgsth)^2
+//Idon=K*(vgs-vgsth)^2
+k=Idon/((vgs-vgsth)^2);
+disp('mA',k*10**3,"k=");
+vgs1=-6;
+Idon=k*(vgs1-vgsth)^2;
+disp('mA',Idon*10**3,"Idon=");
diff --git a/1658/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce b/1658/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..91dd80bbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 12.1
+I=40;
+t=15*10**-3;
+SCR=(I^2)*t;
+disp('A^2s',SCR*1,"SCR=");
diff --git a/1658/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.sce b/1658/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0a3be6864
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 12.2
+a=75;
+Is=100;
+tmax=a/Is**2;
+disp('ms',tmax*10**3,"tmax=");
diff --git a/1658/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce b/1658/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7b1de1b82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 12.3
+VD=0.7;
+n=0.75;
+Vbb=12;
+Vp=n*Vbb+VD;
+disp('V',Vp*1,"Vp=");
diff --git a/1658/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce b/1658/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..841109210
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+
+clc;
+//e.g 12.4
+rb1=4*10**3;
+rb2=2.5*10**3;
+Vbb=15;
+Vd=0.7;
+n=rb1/(rb1+rb2);
+disp(n,"n=");//intrinsic standoff ratio
+Vp=n*Vbb+Vd;
+disp('V',Vp*1,"Vp=");//peak point voltage
diff --git a/1658/CH12/EX12.5/Ex12_5.sce b/1658/CH12/EX12.5/Ex12_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..43d91a943
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH12/EX12.5/Ex12_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 12.5
+n=0.60;
+rbb=7*10**3;
+rb1=rbb*n;
+disp('kohm',rb1*10**-3,"rb1=");
+rb2=rbb-rb1;
+disp('kohm',rb2*10**-3,"rb2=");
diff --git a/1658/CH13/EX13.4/Ex13_4.sce b/1658/CH13/EX13.4/Ex13_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d020ab02d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH13/EX13.4/Ex13_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+clc;
+R1min=2.7;
+R2min=5.1;
+Rmin=R1min+R2min;
+R1max=3.3;
+R2max=6.9;
+Rmax=R1max+R2max;
+a=9-Rmin;
+b=Rmax-9;
+tolerance=b/9;
+Reqmin=(R1min*R2min)/(R1min+R2min);
+disp('ohm',Reqmin*1,"Reqmin=");
+Reqmax=(R1max*R2max)/(R1max+R2max);
+disp('ohm',Reqmax*1,"Reqmax=");
+R1N=3;
+R2N=6;
+Req=(R1N*R2N)/(R1N+R2N);
+disp('ohm',Req*1,"Req=");
+minval=Reqmin;
+maxval=Reqmax;
+maxchng=0.235;
+t=(maxchng/2)*100;
+disp('%',t*1,"t=");
+
diff --git a/1658/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.sce b/1658/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b173ca86e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 13.5
+N=150;
+mur=3540;
+mu0=4*%pi*10**-7;
+l=0.05;
+A=5*10**-4;
+L=(mur*mu0*A*N*N)/l;
+disp('H',L*1,"L=");
diff --git a/1658/CH13/EX13.6/Ex13_6.sce b/1658/CH13/EX13.6/Ex13_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a74ce825d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH13/EX13.6/Ex13_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 13.6
+L1=40*10**-6;
+L2=80*10**-6;
+M=11.3*10**-6;
+k=M/sqrt(L1*L2);
+disp(k);
diff --git a/1658/CH13/EX13.7/Ex13_7.sce b/1658/CH13/EX13.7/Ex13_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f69bfafc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH13/EX13.7/Ex13_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 13.7
+Q=90;
+L=15*10**-6;
+f=10*10**6;
+R0=(2*%pi*f*L)/Q;
+disp('ohm',R0*1,"R0=");
diff --git a/1658/CH13/EX13.8/Ex13_8.sce b/1658/CH13/EX13.8/Ex13_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..40277afee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH13/EX13.8/Ex13_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 13.8
+A=0.04;
+d=0.02;
+e0=8.85*10**-12;
+er=5.0;
+C=(e0*er*A)/d; 
+disp('pF',C*10**12,"C=");//answer printed in the book is wrong.
diff --git a/1658/CH13/EX13.9/Ex13_9.sce b/1658/CH13/EX13.9/Ex13_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cf615eda7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH13/EX13.9/Ex13_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 13.9
+A=0.2;
+C=0.428*10**-6;
+e0=8.85*10**-12;
+er=1200;
+d=(e0*er*A)/C;//ans printed in the book is wrong
+disp('mm',d*10**3,"d=");
diff --git a/1658/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.sce b/1658/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..999e34ffa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 16.1
+V1=230;
+//a=(N2/N1)
+b=(1/10);
+V2=V1*b;
+disp('V',V2*1,"V2=");
+Vm=sqrt(2)*V2;
+disp('V',Vm*1,"Vm=");
+Vdc=0.318*Vm;
+disp('V',Vdc*1,"Vdc=");
+PIV=Vm;
+disp('V',PIV*1,"PIV=");
diff --git a/1658/CH16/EX16.10/Ex16_10.sce b/1658/CH16/EX16.10/Ex16_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..47605501d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH16/EX16.10/Ex16_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc;
+Vdc=30;
+RL=1*10**3;
+y=0.01;
+C=2890/(y*RL);
+disp('microF',C*1,"C=");
diff --git a/1658/CH16/EX16.11/Ex16_11.sce b/1658/CH16/EX16.11/Ex16_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6257131cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH16/EX16.11/Ex16_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+clc;
+Vdc=12;
+Idc=100*10**-3;
+y=0.01;
+L=1;
+C=1.195/(L*y);
+disp('microF',C*1,"C=");
diff --git a/1658/CH16/EX16.12/Ex16_12.sce b/1658/CH16/EX16.12/Ex16_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bf4cc4278
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH16/EX16.12/Ex16_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+clc;
+Idc=0.2;
+Vdc=30;
+C1=100;
+C2=100;
+L=5;
+f=50;
+RL=Vdc/Idc;
+y=5700/(L*C1*C2*RL);
+disp('%',y*100,"y=");
diff --git a/1658/CH16/EX16.13/Ex16_13.sce b/1658/CH16/EX16.13/Ex16_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..344fc21a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH16/EX16.13/Ex16_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+clc;
+Vs=150;
+Idc=2;
+Vdc=2.34*Vs;
+disp('V',Vdc*1,"Vdc=");
+I=Idc/0.955;
+disp('A',I*1,"I=");
+Iavg=2/3;
+disp('A',Iavg*1,"Iavg=");
+Pdc=Vdc*Idc;
+disp('W',Pdc*1,"Pdc=");
diff --git a/1658/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.sce b/1658/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8b511baec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 16.2
+RL=20*10**3;
+V2=24;
+Vm=sqrt(2)*V2;
+disp('V',Vm*1,"Vm=");
+Im=Vm/RL;
+disp('mA',Im*10**3,"Im=");
+Idc= 0.318*Im;
+disp('mA',Idc*10**3,"Idc=");
diff --git a/1658/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_3.sce b/1658/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dcf43f754
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 16.3
+V1=230;
+//a=(N2/N1)
+b=(1/2);
+RL=200;
+V2=V1*b;
+disp('V',V2*1,"V2=");
+Vm=sqrt(2)*V2;
+disp('V',Vm*1,"Vm=");
+Im=Vm/RL;
+disp('A',Im*1,"Im=");
+Pm=(Im**2)*RL;
+disp('W',Pm*1,"Pm=");
+Vdc=0.318*Vm;
+disp('V',Vdc*1,"Vdc=");
+Idc=(Vdc/RL);
+disp('A',Idc*1,"Idc=");
+Pdc=(Idc**2)*RL;
+disp('W',Pdc*1,"Pdc=");
diff --git a/1658/CH16/EX16.4/Ex16_4.sce b/1658/CH16/EX16.4/Ex16_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6ed1bb05d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH16/EX16.4/Ex16_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 16.4
+Vdc=30;
+RL=600;
+Rf=25;
+Idc=(Vdc/RL);
+disp('A',Idc*1,"Idc=");
+Im=%pi*Idc;
+disp('A',Im*1,"Im=");
+Vin=Im*(Rf+RL);
+disp('V',Vin*1,"Vin=");
diff --git a/1658/CH16/EX16.5/Ex16_5.sce b/1658/CH16/EX16.5/Ex16_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..72d610bc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH16/EX16.5/Ex16_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+
+clc;
+V2=30;
+RL=5.1*10**3;
+VS=V2/2;
+Vm=sqrt(2)*VS;
+Vdc=0.636*Vm;
+disp('V',Vdc*1,"Vdc=");
+Vdc=Vdc/RL;
+disp('mA',Vdc*10**3,"Vdc=");
diff --git a/1658/CH16/EX16.6/Ex16_6.sce b/1658/CH16/EX16.6/Ex16_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..81ba03eb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH16/EX16.6/Ex16_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+clc;
+V1=230;
+fin=50;
+//let a=N1/N2
+a=1/4;
+V2=V1*a;
+Vm=sqrt(2)*V2;
+Vdc=0.636*Vm;
+disp('V',Vdc*1,"Vdc=");
+PIV=Vm;
+disp('V',PIV*1,"PIV=");
+fout=2*fin;
+disp('HZ',fout*1,"fout=");
diff --git a/1658/CH16/EX16.7/Ex16_7.sce b/1658/CH16/EX16.7/Ex16_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2602d9074
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH16/EX16.7/Ex16_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+clc;
+V1=230;
+//LET a=N2/N1
+a=1/5;
+RL=100;
+V2=V1*a;
+Vs=V2/2;
+Vm=sqrt(2)*Vs;
+Vdc=2*Vm/%pi;
+disp('V',Vdc*1,"Vdc=");
+PIV=2*Vm;
+disp('V',PIV*1,"PIV=");
+n=0.812//rectifier efficiency of full wave rectifier
diff --git a/1658/CH16/EX16.8/Ex16_8.sce b/1658/CH16/EX16.8/Ex16_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fe2707939
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH16/EX16.8/Ex16_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+clc;
+Vs=200;
+Imax=700*10**-3;
+Iavg=250*10**-3;
+Imax=0.8*Imax;
+disp('mA',Imax*10**3,"Imax=");
+Vm=sqrt(2)*Vs;
+RL=Vm/Imax;
+disp('ohm',RL*1,"RL=");
+Vdc=2*Vm/%pi;
+disp('V',Vdc*1,"Vdc=");
+Idc=Vdc/RL;
+disp('A',Idc*1,"Idc=");
+PIV=2*Vm;
+disp(PIV);
diff --git a/1658/CH16/EX16.9/Ex16_9.sce b/1658/CH16/EX16.9/Ex16_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6c06d8c49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH16/EX16.9/Ex16_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+clc;
+f=50;
+y=0.05;
+RL=100;
+L=RL/(y*3*sqrt(2)*2*%pi*f);
+disp('H',L*1,"L=");
+f=400;
+y=0.05;
+L=RL/(y*3*sqrt(2)*2*%pi*f);
+disp('H',L*1,"L=");
diff --git a/1658/CH17/EX17.1/Ex17_1.sce b/1658/CH17/EX17.1/Ex17_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..59600f13d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH17/EX17.1/Ex17_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 17.1
+RL=100;
+Vm=300;
+//load power P= Vdc*Idc
+a=(Vm/(2*%pi))^2*(1/RL);
+disp(a);
+p=25;
+//1+cosb=sgrt(25/a)
+b=a*1+cos(sqrt(p/a));
+cosalpha=(sqrt(p/a))-1;
+disp(cosalpha);
+p=80;
+cosalpha=(sqrt(p/a))-1;
+disp(cosalpha,"cosalpha=");
+//or;
+alpha=acosd(cosalpha);
+disp('degree',alpha,"alpha=");
diff --git a/1658/CH17/EX17.2/Ex17_2.sce b/1658/CH17/EX17.2/Ex17_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bfb56fb48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH17/EX17.2/Ex17_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 17.2
+vm=200;
+Rl=1*10**3;
+//ALPHA=0degree
+Vdc=vm*0.318;
+Idc=Vdc/Rl;
+P=Vdc*Idc;
+disp('mW',P*10**3,"P=");"OR";disp('W',P*1,"P=");
+//alpha=45 degree
+Vdc=vm*0.27;
+Idc=Vdc/Rl;
+P=Vdc*Idc;
+disp('mW',P*10**3,"P=");"OR";disp('W',P*1,"P=");
+//alpha=90 degree
+Vdc=vm*0.159;
+Idc=Vdc/Rl;
+P=Vdc*Idc;
+disp('mW',P*10**3,"P=");"OR";disp('W',P*1,"P=");
+//alpha=135 degree
+Vdc=vm*0.04660;
+Idc=Vdc/Rl;
+P=Vdc*Idc;
+disp('mW',P*10**3,"P=");"OR";
diff --git a/1658/CH17/EX17.3/Ex17_3.sce b/1658/CH17/EX17.3/Ex17_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2923a38bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH17/EX17.3/Ex17_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 17.3
+Vrms=220;
+a=60;
+Vm=sqrt (2)*Vrms;
+disp('V',Vm*1,"Vm=");
+Vdc=(Vm/(2*%pi))*(1+cosd(60));
+disp('V',Vdc*1,"Vdc=");
diff --git a/1658/CH17/EX17.4/Ex17_4.sce b/1658/CH17/EX17.4/Ex17_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8cb439511
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH17/EX17.4/Ex17_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 17.4
+Vrms=100;
+a=45;
+Idc=0.5;
+Vm=sqrt (2)*Vrms;
+disp('V',Vm*1,"Vm=");
+//Idc=(Vm/(2*%pi*RL))*(1+cosd(a));
+RL=(Vm/(2*%pi*Idc))*(1+cosd(a));
+disp('ohm',RL*1,"RL=");
diff --git a/1658/CH17/EX17.5/Ex17_5.sce b/1658/CH17/EX17.5/Ex17_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e8d5d10d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH17/EX17.5/Ex17_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 17.5 
+Ton=30*10**-6;
+Toff=10*10**-6;
+//consider duty cycle=a
+a=Ton/(Ton+Toff);
+disp(a);
+f=(1/(Ton+Toff))
+disp('kHZ',f*10**-3,"f=");
diff --git a/1658/CH17/EX17.6/Ex17_6.sce b/1658/CH17/EX17.6/Ex17_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b1d976e2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH17/EX17.6/Ex17_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 17.6
+Ton=30*10**-3;
+Toff=10*10**-3;
+Vdc=200;
+a=Ton/(Ton+Toff);
+disp(a);
+Vl=Vdc*a;
+disp('V',Vl*1,"Vl=");
diff --git a/1658/CH18/EX18.1/Ex18_1.png b/1658/CH18/EX18.1/Ex18_1.png
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a15557df7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH18/EX18.1/Ex18_1.png
diff --git a/1658/CH18/EX18.1/Ex18_1.sce b/1658/CH18/EX18.1/Ex18_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..365f1a201
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH18/EX18.1/Ex18_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+
+clc;
+//e.g 18.1
+Vbb=10;
+Rb=47*10**3;
+Vcc=20;
+Rc=10*10**3;
+B=100;
+Ic=Vcc/Rc;//saturation current
+disp('mA',Ic*10**3,"Ic=");
+Vce=Vcc;//cut-off voltage
+disp('V',Vce*1,"Vce=");
+i=2:-0.1:0;
+plot2d(i);
+a=gca() //get the current axes
+a.box="off";
+xlabel("VCE");
+ylabel( "IC");
diff --git a/1658/CH18/EX18.10/Ex18_10.sce b/1658/CH18/EX18.10/Ex18_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..28ac21cab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH18/EX18.10/Ex18_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+clc;
+//e.g 18.10
+Vbe=0.7;
+Rb=100*10**3;
+Vcc=10;
+Rc=10*10**3;
+beta=100;
+Ic=(Vcc-Vbe)/(Rc+(Rb/beta));//collector current
+disp('mA',Ic*10**3,"Ic=");
+Vce=Vcc-(Ic*Rc);//collector to emitter voltage
+disp('V',Vce*1,"Vce=");
+Ic=Vcc/Rc;
+disp('mA',Ic*10**3,"Ic=");
+Vce=Vcc;
+disp('V',Vce*1,"Vce=");
diff --git a/1658/CH18/EX18.11/Ex18_11.sce b/1658/CH18/EX18.11/Ex18_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3701c9ad4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH18/EX18.11/Ex18_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+
+
+clc;
+//e.g 18.11
+Rb=100*10**3;
+Vcc=10;
+Rc=2*10**3;
+beta1=50;
+Vbe=0.7;
+Ib=(Vcc-Vbe)/(Rb+(beta1*Rc));
+disp('mA',Ib*10**3,"Ib=");
+Ic=beta1*Ib;
+disp('mA',Ic*10**3,"Ic=");
+Ie=Ic;
+disp('mA',Ie*10**3,"Ie=");
diff --git a/1658/CH18/EX18.12/Ex18_12.sce b/1658/CH18/EX18.12/Ex18_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..81f981e4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH18/EX18.12/Ex18_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+
+clc;
+//e.g 18.12
+VCC=9;
+RB=220*10**3;
+RC=3.3*10**3;
+VBE=0.3;
+B=100;
+//if vc=0
+IB=(VCC-VBE)/(RB+(B*RC));
+disp('microA',IB*10**6,"IB=");
+IC=B*IB;
+disp('microA',IC*10**6,"IC=");//CORRECTION IN BOOK
+//if VC=9
+VC=9;
+IC=B*IB;
+disp('mA',IC*10**3,"IC=");
+//IC*RC=0,which means collector resistance is short circuited
diff --git a/1658/CH18/EX18.13/Ex18_13.sce b/1658/CH18/EX18.13/Ex18_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..770d8422c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH18/EX18.13/Ex18_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+
+clc;
+//e.g 18.13
+Vcc=12;
+Rc=3.3*10**3;
+Re=100;
+Ie=2*10**-3;
+Vbe=0.7;
+alpha=0.98;
+Ic=alpha*Ie;
+disp('mA',Ic*10**3,"Ic=");
+Vb=Vbe+(Ie*Re);
+disp('V',Vb*1,"Vb=");
+Vc=Vcc-(Ic*Rc);//collector to emitter voltage
+disp('V',Vc*1,"Vc=");
+R2=20*10**3;
+IR2=Vc/R2;
+disp('mA',IR2*10**3,"IR2=");
+Ib=Ie-Ic;
+disp('mA',Ib*10**3,"Ib=");
+IR1=IR2+Ib;
+disp('mA',IR1*10**3,"IR1=");
+R1=(Vc-Vb)/IR1;
+disp('kohm',R1*10**-3,"R1=");
diff --git a/1658/CH18/EX18.14/Ex18_14.sce b/1658/CH18/EX18.14/Ex18_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..56cfb5b7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH18/EX18.14/Ex18_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+clc;
+VCC=24;
+RC=10*10**3;
+RE=270;
+VBE=0.7;
+B=45;
+VCE=5;
+IC=(VCC-VCE)/RC;
+disp('mA',IC*10**3,"IC=");
+RB=(2.6*10^3)*B;
+disp('kohm',RB*10**-3,"RB=")
+
diff --git a/1658/CH18/EX18.15/Ex18_15.sce b/1658/CH18/EX18.15/Ex18_15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..31895ff74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH18/EX18.15/Ex18_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+
+clc;
+//e.g 18.15
+Rb=33*10**3;
+Vcc=3;
+Rc=1.8*10**3;
+beta=90;
+Vbe=0.7;
+Ib=(Vcc-Vbe)/(Rb+(Rc*beta));//collector current
+disp('mA',Ib*10**3,"Ib=");
+Ic=beta*Ib;
+disp('mA',Ic*10**3,"Ic=");
+Vce=Vcc-(Ic*Rc);//collector to emitter voltage
+disp('V',Vce*1,"Vce=");
+S=(1+beta)/(1+beta*(Rc/(Rc+Rb)))//stability factor
diff --git a/1658/CH18/EX18.16/Ex18_16.sce b/1658/CH18/EX18.16/Ex18_16.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6fed67376
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH18/EX18.16/Ex18_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+
+clc;
+//e.g 18.16
+Vbe=0.7;
+Vcc=10;
+Rc=1*10**3;
+beta=100;
+R1=10*10**3;
+R2=5*10**3;
+Re=500;
+Vb=Vcc*(R2/(R1+R2));
+disp('V',Vb*1,"Vb=");
+Ve=Vb-Vbe;
+disp('V',Ve*1,"Ve=");
+Ie=Ve/Re;
+disp('mA',Ie*10**3,"Ie=");
+Ic=Ie;
+disp('mA',Ic*10**3,"Ic=");
+Vce=Vcc-(Rc+Re);
+disp('V',Ve*1,"Ve=");
diff --git a/1658/CH18/EX18.17/Ex18_17.sce b/1658/CH18/EX18.17/Ex18_17.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7a8118ae1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH18/EX18.17/Ex18_17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+
+clc;
+//e.g 18.17
+Vcc=9;
+Rc=1*10**3;
+Re=680;
+beta=100;
+R1=33*10**3;
+R2=15*10**3;
+Vb=Vcc*(R2/(R1+R2));
+disp('V',Vb*1,"Vb=");
+Vbe=0.7;
+Ve=Vb-Vbe;
+disp('V',Ve*1,"Ve=");
+Ie=Ve/Re;
+disp('mA',Ie*10**3,"Ie=");
+Ic=Ie;
+disp('mA',Ic*10**3,"Ic=");
+VRc=Ic*Rc;
+disp('V',VRc*1,"VRc=");
+Vc=Vcc-VRc;
+disp('V',Vc*1,"Vc=");
+Vce=Vc-Ve;
+disp('V',Vce*1,"Vce=");
diff --git a/1658/CH18/EX18.18/Ex18_18.sce b/1658/CH18/EX18.18/Ex18_18.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7eb7204e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH18/EX18.18/Ex18_18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+
+clc;
+VCC=5;
+RE=0.3*10**3;
+IC=1*10**-3;
+VCE=2.5;
+B=100;
+VBE=0.7;
+ICO=0;
+R2=10*10**3;
+IE=IC;
+RC=((VCC-VCE)/IC)-RE;
+disp('ohm',RC*1,"RC=");
+VE=IE*RE;
+VB=VE+VBE;
+R1=VCC*R2-R2;
+disp('Kohm',R1*10**-3,"R1=");
diff --git a/1658/CH18/EX18.19/Ex18_19.sce b/1658/CH18/EX18.19/Ex18_19.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..514d52fea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH18/EX18.19/Ex18_19.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+
+clc;
+Vcc=20;
+RC=1*10**3;
+RE=5*10**3;
+R1=10*10**3;
+R2=10*10**3;
+B=462;
+VBE=0.7;
+VB=Vcc*R2/(R1+R2);
+disp('V',VB*1,"VB=");
+VE=VB-VBE;
+IE=VE/RE;
+disp('mA',IE*10**3,"IE=");
+IC=IE;
+VCE=Vcc-IC*RC;
+disp('V',VCE*1,"VCE=");
diff --git a/1658/CH18/EX18.2/18_2.png b/1658/CH18/EX18.2/18_2.png
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6ced12a56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH18/EX18.2/18_2.png
diff --git a/1658/CH18/EX18.2/Ex18_2.sce b/1658/CH18/EX18.2/Ex18_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..903e8eff3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH18/EX18.2/Ex18_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+
+clc;
+//e.g 18.2
+Vbb=10;
+Rb=50*10**3;
+Vcc=20;
+Rc=300;
+beta=200;
+Ic=Vcc/Rc;//saturation current
+disp('mA',Ic*10**3,"Ic=");
+Vce=Vcc;//cut-off voltage
+disp('V',Vce*1,"Vce=");
+Ib=(Vbb-0.7)/Rb;
+ disp('10^-3A',Ib*10**3,"Ib=");
+ Ic=beta*Ib;
+  disp('10^-3A',Ic*10**3,"Ic=");
+Vce=Vcc-Ic*Rc;
+disp('V',Vce*1,"Vce=");
+i=21:-0.1:0;
+plot2d(i);
+a=gca() //get the current axes
+a.box="off";
+xlabel("VCE");
+ylabel( "IC");
+
diff --git a/1658/CH18/EX18.20/Ex18_20.sce b/1658/CH18/EX18.20/Ex18_20.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7576316d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH18/EX18.20/Ex18_20.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+
+clc;
+VCC=8;
+VRC=0.5;
+RC=800;
+a=0.96;
+VCE=VCC-VRC;//VRC=IC*RC
+IC=VRC/RC;
+disp('mA',IC*10**3,"IC=");
+IE=IC/a;
+disp('mA',IE*10**3,"IE=");
+IB=IE-IC;
+disp('microA',IB*10**6,"IB=");
diff --git a/1658/CH18/EX18.21/Ex18_21.sce b/1658/CH18/EX18.21/Ex18_21.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..80053651c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH18/EX18.21/Ex18_21.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+clc;
+VCC=12;
+RC=1*10**3;
+RE=100;
+R1=25*10**3;
+R2=5*10**3;
+B=50;
+VBE=0.6;
+VTH=VCC*R2/(R1+R2);
+RTH=R1*R2/(R1+R2);
+IE50=(VTH-VBE)/(RE+RTH/B);
+B=150;
+IE150=(VTH-VBE)/(RE+RTH/B);
+ICdiff=(IE150-IE50)/IE50;
+disp('%',ICdiff*100,"ICdiff=")
diff --git a/1658/CH18/EX18.24/Ex18_24.sce b/1658/CH18/EX18.24/Ex18_24.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..162dd4703
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH18/EX18.24/Ex18_24.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+clc;
+B=50;
+VBE=0.7;
+VCC=22.5;
+RC=5.6*10**3;
+VCE=12;
+IC=1.5*10**-3;
+S=3;
+RE=(VCC-IC*RC-VCE)/IC;
+disp('kohm',RE*10^-3,"RE=");
+RTH=(4375)-RE;
+disp('kohm',RTH*10^-3,"RTH=");
+R2=0.1*B*RE;
+disp('kohm',R2*10^-3,"R2=");
+R1=(-RTH*R2)/(RTH-R2);
+disp('kohm',R1*10^-3,"R1=");
diff --git a/1658/CH18/EX18.25/Ex18_25.sce b/1658/CH18/EX18.25/Ex18_25.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c59541b59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH18/EX18.25/Ex18_25.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+clc;
+VCC=10;
+VEE=10;
+RC=1*10**3;
+RE=5*10**3;
+RB=50*10**3;
+VBE=0.7;
+VE=-VBE;
+IE=(VEE-VBE)/RE;
+disp('mA',IE*10**3,"IE=");
+IC=IE;
+disp('mA',IC*10**3,"IC=");
+VC=VCC-IC*RC;
+VCE=VC-VE;
+disp('volts',VCE*1,"VCE=");
diff --git a/1658/CH18/EX18.26/Ex18_26.sce b/1658/CH18/EX18.26/Ex18_26.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..22a335b53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH18/EX18.26/Ex18_26.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+clc;
+VCC=20;
+VEE=20;
+RC=5*10**3;
+RE=10*10**3;
+RB=10*10**3;
+B1=50;
+B2=100;
+VBE1=0.7;
+VBE2=0.6;
+IE1=(VEE-VBE1)/(RE+RB/B1);
+disp('mA',IE1*10**3,"IE1=");
+IC1=IE1;
+VC1=VCC-IC1*RC;
+disp('V',VC1,"VC1=");
+VE=-VBE1;
+VCE1=VC1-VE;
+disp('V',VCE1,"VCE1=");
+IE2=(VEE-VBE2)/(RE+RB/B2);
+disp('mA',IE2*10**3,"IE2=");
+IC2=IE2;
+VC2=VCC-IC2*RC;
+disp('V',VC2,"VC2=");
+VE=-VBE2;
+VCE2=VC-VE;
+disp('V',VCE2,"VCE2=");
+delIc=(IC2-IC1)/IC1;
+disp('%',delIc*100,"delIc=");
+delVCE=(VCE1-VCE2)/VCE2;
+disp('%',delVCE*100,"delVCE=");
+
+
diff --git a/1658/CH18/EX18.27/Ex18_27.sce b/1658/CH18/EX18.27/Ex18_27.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c58e6d5d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH18/EX18.27/Ex18_27.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+
+clc;
+VCC=12;
+RC=2*10**3;
+RE=1*10**3;
+R1=100*10**3;
+R2=20*10**3;
+B=100;
+VBE=-0.2;
+VB=-VCC*R2/(R1+R2);
+disp('V',VB*1,"VB=");
+VE=VB-VBE;
+disp('V',VE*1,"VE=");
+IE=-VE/RE;
+IC=IE;
+disp('mA',IC*10**3,"IC=");
+VC=-(VCC-IC*RC);
+disp('V',VC*1,"VC=");
+VCE=VC-(VE);
+disp('V',VCE*1,"VCE=");
diff --git a/1658/CH18/EX18.28/Ex18_28.sce b/1658/CH18/EX18.28/Ex18_28.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a65caf73f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH18/EX18.28/Ex18_28.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+clc;
+VCC=4.5;
+RC=1.5*10**3;
+RE=0.27*10**3;
+R2=2.7*10**3;
+R1=27*10**3;
+B=44;
+VBE=-0.3;
+VB=-VCC*R2/(R1+R2);
+disp('V',VB*1,"VB=");
+VE=VB-VBE;
+disp('V',VE*1,"VE=");
+IE=-VE/RE;
+IC=IE;
+disp('mA',IC*10**3,"IC=");
+VRC=IC*RC;
+disp('V',VRC*1,"VRC=");
+VC=-[VCC-VRC]
+disp('V',VC*1,"VC=");
+VCE=VC-(VE);
+disp('V',VCE*1,"VCE=");
diff --git a/1658/CH18/EX18.3/Ex18_3.sce b/1658/CH18/EX18.3/Ex18_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8362a7afb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH18/EX18.3/Ex18_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+
+clc;
+//e.g 18.3
+Rb=180*10**3;
+Vcc=25;
+Rc=820;
+beta=80;
+Ib=Vcc/Rb;//saturation current
+disp('mA',Ib*10**3,"Ib=");
+Ic=beta*Ib;
+disp('mA',Ic*10**3,"Ic=");
+Vce=Vcc-(Ic*Rc);//cut-off voltage
+disp('V',Vce*1,"Vce=");
diff --git a/1658/CH18/EX18.4/Ex18_4.sce b/1658/CH18/EX18.4/Ex18_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9c618b52c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH18/EX18.4/Ex18_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+clc;
+//e.g 18.4;
+Vcc=12;
+Rc=330;
+Ib=0.3*10**-3;
+beta=100;
+//Ib=Vcc/Rb;//saturation current
+Rb=Vcc/Ib;
+disp('Kohm',Rb*10**-3,"Rb=");
+S=1+beta;
+disp(S);
+Ic=beta*Ib;
+disp('10^-3A',Ic*10**3,"Ic=");
+Vce=Vcc-(Ic*Rc);//cut-off voltage
+disp('V',Vce*1,"Vce=");
diff --git a/1658/CH18/EX18.5/Ex18_5.sce b/1658/CH18/EX18.5/Ex18_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..41d17e7eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH18/EX18.5/Ex18_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+
+clc;
+//e.g 18.5
+Rb=400*10**3;
+Vcc=20;
+Rc=2*10**3;
+Re=1*10**3;
+beta=100;
+Ib=Vcc/(Rb+(beta*Re));//saturation current
+disp('mA',Ib*10**3,"Ib=");
+Ic=beta*Ib;
+disp('mA',Ic*10**3,"Ic=");
+Vce=Vcc-(Ic*(Rc+Re));//cut-off voltage
+disp('V',Vce*1,"Vce=");
diff --git a/1658/CH18/EX18.6/EX18_6.png b/1658/CH18/EX18.6/EX18_6.png
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..39cb8a41c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH18/EX18.6/EX18_6.png
diff --git a/1658/CH18/EX18.6/Ex18_6.sce b/1658/CH18/EX18.6/Ex18_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8c92781e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH18/EX18.6/Ex18_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 18.1
+Vcc=12;
+Rc=2.2*10**3;
+Rb=240;
+B=50;
+Vbe=0.7;
+RE=0;
+Ic=(Vcc-Vbe)/(RE+(Rb/B));//collector current
+disp('mA',Ic,"Ic=");
+Vce=Vcc-(Ic*10**-3)*Rc;//CE voltage
+disp('V',Vce*1,"Vce=");
+Icsat=Vcc/Rc;
+disp('mA',Icsat*10**3,"Icsat=");
+Vcec=Vcc;//cutoff voltage
+i=5.45:-0.5:0;
+plot(i);
+a=gca() //get the current axes
+a.box="off";
+xlabel("VCE");
+ylabel( "IC");
diff --git a/1658/CH18/EX18.7/Ex18_7.png b/1658/CH18/EX18.7/Ex18_7.png
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0db4a1eef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH18/EX18.7/Ex18_7.png
diff --git a/1658/CH18/EX18.7/Ex18_7.sce b/1658/CH18/EX18.7/Ex18_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..579f116c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH18/EX18.7/Ex18_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 18.7
+Vcc=30;
+Rb=1.5*10**6;
+Rc=5*10**3;
+beta=100;
+Ic=Vcc/Rc;//saturation current
+disp('mA',Ic*10**3,"Ic=");
+Vce=Vcc;//cut-off voltage
+disp('V',Vce*1,"Vce=");
+Ib=Vcc/Rb;//base current
+disp('microA',Ib*10**6,"Ib=");
+ Ic=beta*Ib;
+  disp('mA',Ic*10**3,"Ic=");
+  Vce=Vcc-Ic*Rc;
+  disp('V',Vce*1,"Vce=");
+i=6:-0.2:0;
+plot2d(i);
+a=gca() //get the current axes
+a.box="off";
+xlabel("VCE");
+ylabel( "IC");
diff --git a/1658/CH18/EX18.9/Ex18_9.sce b/1658/CH18/EX18.9/Ex18_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dbdea9bd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH18/EX18.9/Ex18_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+
+clc;
+//e.g 18.9
+Rb=180*10**3;
+Vcc=25;
+Rc=820;
+Re=200;
+beta=80;
+Vbe=0.7;
+Ic=(Vcc-Vbe)/(Re+(Rb/beta));//collector current
+disp('mA',Ic*10**3,"Ic=");
+Vce=Vcc-(Ic*Rc);//collector to emitter voltage
+disp('V',Vce*1,"Vce=");
+S=(1+beta)/(1+beta*(Re/(Re+Rb)));
+disp(S,"S=");//stability factor
diff --git a/1658/CH19/EX19.1/Ex19_1.sce b/1658/CH19/EX19.1/Ex19_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..481abd029
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH19/EX19.1/Ex19_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 19.1
+Vcc=10;
+Rc=10*10**3;
+Rb=1*10**6;
+beta=100;
+Vbe=0.7;
+Ib=(Vcc-Vbe)/Rb;
+disp('microA',Ib*10**6,"Ib=");
+Ic=beta*Ib;
+disp('mA',Ic*10**3,"Ic=");
+Ie=Ic;
+re=25/(Ie*10**3);
+disp('ohm',re*1,"re=");
+Ri=beta*re;
+disp('kohm',Ri*10**-3,"Ri=");
+Ris=(Rb*beta*re)/(Rb+beta*re);
+disp('kohm',Ris*10**-3,"Ris=");
+R0=Rc;
+disp('kOhm',R0*10**-3,"R0=");
+Av=Rc/re;
+disp(Av);
diff --git a/1658/CH19/EX19.10/Ex19_10.sce b/1658/CH19/EX19.10/Ex19_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b518db13b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH19/EX19.10/Ex19_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+clc;
+VS=10*10**-3;
+a=0.98;
+VBE=0.7;
+VCC=10;
+RC=10*10**3;
+RL=5.1*10**3;
+RE=20*10**3;
+VEE=10;
+IE=(VEE-VBE)/RE;
+re=25/IE*10**-3;
+Ri=re;
+Ris=(RE*re)/(RE+re);
+disp('ohm',Ris,"Ris=");
+Ai=a;
+disp(Ai);
+rL=(RC*RL)/(RC+RL);
+Av=rL/re;
+disp(Av);
+Ap=Av*Ai;
+disp(Ap);
+Gp=10*log10(Ap);
+disp('dB',Gp,"Gp=");
+Vin=VS;
+Vo=Av*Vin;
+disp('mV',Vo*10**3,"Vo=");
diff --git a/1658/CH19/EX19.11/Ex19_11.sce b/1658/CH19/EX19.11/Ex19_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8c6804c00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH19/EX19.11/Ex19_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+clc;
+Rs=50;
+IE=0.465*10**-3;
+re1=53.8;
+Ri=53.8;
+Ris=52.4;
+rL=3.38*10**3;
+Avs=rL/(Rs+re1);
+disp(Avs);
+Av=rL/re1;
+disp(Av);
+Vs=10;
+vo=Avs*Vs;
+vin=vo/Av;
+disp('mV',vin,"vin=");
+
diff --git a/1658/CH19/EX19.12/Ex19_12.sce b/1658/CH19/EX19.12/Ex19_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fe4395ad0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH19/EX19.12/Ex19_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+clc;
+VEE=10;
+RE=10*10**3;
+RB=100*10**3;
+B=50;
+VBE=0.7;
+IE=(VEE-VBE)/(RE+(RB/B));
+re=25/IE*10**-3;
+Ri=B*(RE+re);
+disp('Kohm',Ri*10**-3,"Ri=");
+Ris=(RB*Ri)/(RB+Ri);
+Rs=0;
+Ro=re+((RB*Rs)/(RB+Rs))/B;
+disp('ohm',Ro,"Ro=");
+Av=RE/(re+RE);
+disp(Av);
diff --git a/1658/CH19/EX19.13/Ex19_13.sce b/1658/CH19/EX19.13/Ex19_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8573c3a3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH19/EX19.13/Ex19_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+clc;
+B=80;
+VBE=0.7;
+VCC=15;
+R1=20*10**3;
+R2=20*10**3;
+RS=2*10**3;
+VS=5*10**-3;
+RE=8.2*10**3;
+RL=1.5*10**3;
+VTH=VCC*R2/(R1+R2);
+RTH=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2);
+IE=(VTH-VBE)/(RE+(RTH/B));
+disp('mA',IE*10**3,"IE=");
+re=25/IE*10**-3;
+rL=(RE*RL)/(RE+RL);
+Ri=B*(rL+re);
+Ris=(RTH*Ri)/(RTH+Ri);
+disp('kohm',Ris*10**-3,"Ris=");
+Ro=re+((RS*RTH)/(RS+RTH))/B;
+disp('ohm',Ro,"Ro=");
+Vin=VS*Ris/(RS+Ris);
+disp('mV',Vin*10**3,"Vin=");
diff --git a/1658/CH19/EX19.2/Ex19_2.sce b/1658/CH19/EX19.2/Ex19_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..eb0525907
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH19/EX19.2/Ex19_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 19.2
+Ri=2.5*10**3;
+Av=200;
+Vs=5*10**-3;
+beta=50;
+ib=(Vs/Ri)
+disp('microA',ib*10**6,"ib=");
+ic=beta*ib;
+disp('microA',ic*10**6,"ic=");
+Ai=beta;
+Ap=Ai*Av;
+disp(Ap);
+Gp=10*log10(Ap);
+disp('dB',Gp*1,"Gp=");
diff --git a/1658/CH19/EX19.3/Ex19_3.sce b/1658/CH19/EX19.3/Ex19_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..92c0b92b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH19/EX19.3/Ex19_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 19.3
+Vcc=20;
+Rc=5*10**3;
+Re=1*10**3;
+Rb=100*10**3;
+beta=150;
+Vbe=0.7;
+Ic=Vcc/(Re+(Rb/beta));
+disp('mA',Ic*10**3,"Ic=");
+Ie=Ic;
+re=25/(Ie*10**3);
+disp('ohm',re*1,"re=");
+Ri=beta*(re+Re);
+disp('kohm',Ri*10**-3,"Ri=");
+Ris=(Rb*Ri)/(Rb+Ri);
+disp('kohm',Ris*10**-3,"Ris=");
+Av=Rc/Re;
+disp(Av);
+Gp=10*log10(Av);
+disp('dB',Gp*1,"Gp=");
diff --git a/1658/CH19/EX19.4/Ex19_4.sce b/1658/CH19/EX19.4/Ex19_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e5f31b263
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH19/EX19.4/Ex19_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 19.4
+Vcc=12;
+Rc=10*10**3;
+Re=1*10**3;
+Rb=500*10**3;
+beta=50;
+Ic=Vcc/(Re+(Rb/beta));
+disp('mA',Ic*10**3,"Ic=");
+Ie=Ic;
+re=25/(Ie*10**3);
+disp('ohm',re*1,"re=");
+Ri=beta*re;
+disp('ohm',Ri*1,"Ri=");
+Ris=(Rb*Ri)/(Rb+Ri);
+disp('ohm',Ris*1,"Ris=");
+R0=Rc;
+Av=R0/re;
+disp(Av);
+Av=Rc/Re;
+disp(Av);
diff --git a/1658/CH19/EX19.5/Ex19_5.sce b/1658/CH19/EX19.5/Ex19_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9e5bb7c8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH19/EX19.5/Ex19_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 19.5
+Vcc=30;
+Rc=10*10**3;
+RL=3.3*10**3;
+R1=47*10**3;
+R2=15*10**3;
+Re=8.2*10**3;
+beta=200;
+Vs=5*10**-3;
+Vbe=0.7;
+Vth=(Vcc*R2)/(R1+R2);
+disp('V',Vth*1,"Vth=");
+Rth=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2);
+disp('10^3ohm',Rth*10**-3,"Rth=");
+Ie=(Vth-Vbe)/(Re+(Rth/beta));
+disp('mA',Ie*10**3,"Ie=");
+re=25/(Ie*10**3);
+disp('ohm',re*1,"re=");
+rl=(Rc*RL)/(Rc+RL);
+disp('Kohm',rl*10**-3,"rl=");
+Av=rl/re;
+disp(Av);
+Vin=5;
+V0=Av*Vin
+disp('mV',V0*1,"V0=");
+Ri=beta*re;
+disp('Kohm',Ri*10**-3,"Ri=");
+Ris=(Rth*Ri)/(Rth+Ri);
+disp('Kohm',Ris*10**-3,"Ris=");
diff --git a/1658/CH19/EX19.6/Ex19_6.sce b/1658/CH19/EX19.6/Ex19_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..63f34253b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH19/EX19.6/Ex19_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 19.6
+Vcc=10;
+Rc=5*10**3;
+Re=1*10**3;0
+RL=50*10**3;
+R1=50*10**3;
+R2=10*10**3;
+Rs=600;
+beta=50;
+Vs=10*10**-3;
+Vbe=0.7;
+Vth=(Vcc*R2)/(R1+R2);
+disp('V',Vth*1,"Vth=");
+Rth=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2);
+disp('10^3ohm',Rth*10**-3,"Rth=");
+Ie=(Vth-Vbe)/(Re+(Rth/beta));
+disp('mA',Ie*10**3,"Ie=");
+re=25/(Ie*10**3);
+disp('ohm',re*1,"re=");
+Ri=beta*re;
+Ris=(Rth*Ri)/(Rth+Ri);
+disp('ohm',Ris*1,"Ris=");
+rl=(Rc*RL)/(Rc+RL);
+disp('Kohm',rl*10**-3,"rl=");
+Av=rl/re;
+disp(Av);
+Vin=(Vs*Ris)/(Ris+Rs);
+disp('mV',Vin*10**3,"Vin=");
+V0=Av*Vin;
+disp('mV',V0*1,"V0=");
+Avs=(Av*Vin)/Vs;
+disp(Avs);
diff --git a/1658/CH19/EX19.7/Ex19_7.sce b/1658/CH19/EX19.7/Ex19_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..31c2184fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH19/EX19.7/Ex19_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 19.7
+Vcc=-18;
+Rc=4.3*10**3;
+Re=1*10**3;0
+RL=3*10**3;
+R1=39*10**3;
+R2=8.2*10**3;
+beta1=200;
+Vbe=-0.7;
+Vth=(Vcc*R2)/(R1+R2);
+disp('V',Vth*1,"Vth=");
+Rth=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2);
+disp('kohm',Rth*10**-3,"Rth=");
+Ie=(Vth-Vbe)/(Re+(Rth/beta1));
+disp('mA',Ie*10**3,"Ie=");
+re1=(30*10**-3)/(-Ie);
+disp('ohm',re1*1,"re1=");
+Ri=beta1*re;
+Ris=(Rth*Ri)/(Rth+Ri);
+disp('kohm',Ris*10**-3,"Ris=");
+re=(Rc*RL)/(Rc+RL);
+disp('Kohm',re*10**-3,"re=");
+Av=re/re1;
+disp(Av);
diff --git a/1658/CH19/EX19.8/Ex19_8.sce b/1658/CH19/EX19.8/Ex19_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4415d52cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH19/EX19.8/Ex19_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 19.8
+Vcc=20;
+Rc=5.7*10**3;
+Re=1*10**3;
+R1=100*10**3;
+R2=10*10**3;
+Rs=100;
+beta1=100;
+Vbe=0.7;
+Vth=(Vcc*R2)/(R1+R2);
+disp('V',Vth*1,"Vth=");
+Rth=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2);
+disp('Kohm',Rth*10**-3,"Rth=");
+Ie=(Vth-Vbe)/(Re+(Rth/beta1));
+disp('mA',Ie*10**3,"Ie=");
+re=25/(Ie*10**3);
+disp('ohm',re*1,"re=");
+Ri=beta1*re;
+Ris=(Rth*Ri)/(Rth+Ri);
+disp('ohm',Ris*1,"Ris=");
+rl=Rc;
+Av=rl/re;
+disp(Av);
+Vin=(Vs*Ris)/(Ris+Rs);
+disp('mV',Vin*1,"Vin=");
+V0=Av*Vin;
+disp('V',V0*10**-3,"V0=");
+Avs=(Av*Vin)/Vs;
+disp(Avs);
diff --git a/1658/CH19/EX19.9/Ex19_9.sce b/1658/CH19/EX19.9/Ex19_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c270dbd14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH19/EX19.9/Ex19_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 19.9
+Vcc=10;
+Rc=5*10**3;
+RE1=500;
+R1=50*10**3;
+R2=10*10**3;
+Rs=600;
+rE=500;
+beta1=50;
+Vbe=0.7;
+vs=100*10**-3;
+Rl=50*10**3;
+Vth=(Vcc*R2)/(R1+R2);
+disp('V',Vth*1,"Vth=");
+Rth=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2);
+disp('10^3ohm',Rth*10**-3,"Rth=");
+RE=RE1+rE;
+disp('ohm',RE*1,"RE=");
+Ie=(Vth-Vbe)/(RE+(Rth/beta1));
+disp('mA',Ie*10**3,"Ie=");
+re=25/(Ie*10**3);
+disp('ohm',re*1,"re=");
+Ri=beta1*(re+rE);
+disp('Kohm',Ri*10**-3,"Ri=");
+Ris=(Rth*Ri)/(Rth+Ri);
+disp('ohm',Ris*1,"Ris=");
+rl=(Rc*Rl)/(Rc+Rl)
+disp('kohm',rl*10**-3,"rl=");
+Av=rl/(re+rE);
+disp(Av);
+VinBYVs=(Ris)/(Ris+Rs);
+disp('V',VinBYVs*1,"VinBYVs=");
+Avs=Av*VinBYVs;
+disp(Avs);
+V0=Avs*vs;
+disp('mV',V0*10^3,"V0=");//answer printed in the book is wrong(variation in decimal point) 
diff --git a/1658/CH20/EX20.10/Ex20_10.sce b/1658/CH20/EX20.10/Ex20_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..33a028b73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH20/EX20.10/Ex20_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc;
+hfe=50;
+hfb=-hfe/(1+hfe);
+disp(hfb);
+hfc=-(1+hfe);
+disp(hfc);
diff --git a/1658/CH20/EX20.11/Ex20_11.sce b/1658/CH20/EX20.11/Ex20_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a13c89c89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH20/EX20.11/Ex20_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+clc;
+hie=1100;
+hre=2.5*10**-4;
+hfe=50;
+hoe=24*10**-6;
+rL=10*10**3;
+RS=1*10**3;
+hic=hie;
+hrc=1-hre;
+hfc=-(1+hfe);
+Ai=hfc/(1+hoe*rL);
+disp(Ai);
+Ri=hie+hrc*-Ai*rL;
+disp('kOhm',Ri*10**-3,"Ri=");
+Av=(-Ai*rL)/Ri;
+disp(Av);
diff --git a/1658/CH20/EX20.2/Ex20_2.sce b/1658/CH20/EX20.2/Ex20_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6834bef09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH20/EX20.2/Ex20_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+clc;
+hie=1.0*10**3;
+hre=1*10**-4;
+hoe=100*10**-6;
+RC=1000;
+RS=1000;
+rL=RC;
+hfe=50;
+Ai=-hfe/(1+hoe*rL);
+Ri=hie+hre*Ai*rL;
+Ris=Ri;
+disp('Ohm',Ris*1,"Ris=");
+delh=hie*hoe-hre*hfe;
+his=1000;
+Ro=(RS+his)/(RS*hoe+delh);
+disp('kOhm',Ro*10**-3,"Ro=");
+Ros=(Ro*rL)/(Ro+rL);
+disp('Ohm',Ros*1,"Ros=");
+Ais=(Ai*RS)/(RS+Ris);
+disp(Ais);
+Av=(Ai*rL)/Ri;
+Avs=(Av*Ris)/(RS+Ris);
+disp(Avs);
diff --git a/1658/CH20/EX20.3/Ex20_3.sce b/1658/CH20/EX20.3/Ex20_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bd5c4b067
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH20/EX20.3/Ex20_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+clc;
+hie=1.1*10**3;
+hre=2.5*10**-4;
+hfe=50;
+hoe=25*10**-6;
+rs=1*10**3;
+rL=1*10**3;
+Ai=hfe/(1+hoe*rL);
+disp(Ai);
+Ri=hie+hre*Ai*rL;
+disp('Ohm',Ri*1,"Ri=");
+Av=(Ai*rL)/Ri;
+disp(Av);
diff --git a/1658/CH20/EX20.4/Ex20_4.sce b/1658/CH20/EX20.4/Ex20_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5e22159bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH20/EX20.4/Ex20_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+clc;
+RC=4*10**3;
+RB=40*10**3;
+RS=10*10**3;
+hie=1100;
+hfe=50;
+hre=0;
+hoe=0;
+RB2=40*10**3;
+rL=(RC*RB2)/(RC+RB2);
+Ai=-hfe/(1+hoe*rL);
+Ri=hie+hre*Ai*rL;
+Av=(Ai*rL)/Ri;
+RB1=40*10**3/(1-Av);
+Ris=(Ri*RB1)/(Ri+RB1);
+disp('ohm',Ris*1,"Ris=");
+Ros=rL;//Ro=infinity
+disp('Ohm',Ros*1,"Ros=");
+Avs=(Av*Ris)/(RS+Ris);
+disp(Avs);
diff --git a/1658/CH20/EX20.5/Ex20_5.sce b/1658/CH20/EX20.5/Ex20_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..69b7d69c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH20/EX20.5/Ex20_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+clc;
+hib=28;
+hfb=-0.98;
+hrb=5*10**-4;
+hob=0.34*10**-6;
+rL=1.2*10**3;
+Rs=0;
+Ai=-hfb/(1+hob*rL);
+disp(Ai);
+Ri=hib+hrb*Ai*rL;
+disp('Ohm',Ri*1,"Ri=");
+delh=hib*hob-hrb*hfb;
+Ro=(Rs+hib)/(Rs*hib+delh);
+disp('kOhm',Ro*10**-3,"Ro=");
+Av=(Ai*rL)/Ri;
+disp(Av);
diff --git a/1658/CH20/EX20.6/Ex20_6.sce b/1658/CH20/EX20.6/Ex20_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..69a18e10d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH20/EX20.6/Ex20_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+clc;
+hic=2*10**3;
+hfc=-51;
+hrc=1;
+hoc=25*10**-6;
+rL=5*10**3;
+RE=5*10**3;
+Rs=1000;
+R1=10*10**3;
+R2=10*10**3;
+Ai=-hfc/(1+hoc*rL);
+disp(Ai);
+Ri=hic+hrc*Ai*rL;
+disp('kOhm',Ri*10**-3,"Ri=");
+a=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2);
+Ris=(Ri*a)/(Ri+a);
+disp('Ohm',Ris*1,"Ris=");
+Ro=-(Rs+hic)/hfc;
+Ros=(Ro*RE)/(Ro+RE);
+disp('Ohm',Ros*1,"Ros=");
+Ais=(Ai*Rs)/(Rs+Ris);
+disp(Ais);
+Av=(Ai*rL)/Ri;
+disp(Av);
+Avs=(Av*Ris)/(Rs+Ris);
+disp(Avs);
diff --git a/1658/CH20/EX20.7/Ex20_7.sce b/1658/CH20/EX20.7/Ex20_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..988c46112
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH20/EX20.7/Ex20_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+clc;
+hie=1500;
+hfe=50;
+hre=50*10**-4;
+hoe=20*10**-6;
+RC=5*10**3;
+RL=10*10**3;
+R1=20*10**3;
+R2=10*10**3;
+rL=(RC*RL)/(RC+RL);
+Ai=-hfe;
+Ri=hie;
+a=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2);
+Ris=(Ri*a)/(Ri+a);
+disp('kOhm',Ris*10**-3,"Ris=");
+Ro=1/hoe;
+Ros=(Ro*rL)/(Ro+rL);//correction 
+disp('kOhm',Ros*10**-3,"Ros=");
+Avs=(Ai*rL)/Ri;
+disp(Avs);
+Ais=Ai;//correction
+disp(Ais);
+
diff --git a/1658/CH20/EX20.8/Ex20_8.sce b/1658/CH20/EX20.8/Ex20_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cbc43f9e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH20/EX20.8/Ex20_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+
+clc;
+RC=12*10**3;
+RL=4.7*10**3;
+R1=33*10**3;
+R2=4.7*10**3;
+IC=1*10**-3;
+hiemin=1*10**3;
+hiemax=5*10**3;
+hfemin=70;
+hfemax=350;
+hie=sqrt(hiemin*hiemax);
+disp('kOhm',hie*10**-3,"hie=");
+hfe=sqrt(hfemin*hfemax);
+disp('Ohm',hfe*1,"hfe=");//answer printed in the book is wrong
+Ri=hie;
+a=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2);
+Ris=(Ri*a)/(Ri+a);
+disp('kOhm',Ris*10**-3,"Ris=");
+Ai=hfe;
+rc=(RC*RL)/(RC+RL);
+Avs=(Ai*rc)/Ri;
+disp(Avs,"Avs=");
diff --git a/1658/CH20/EX20.9/Ex20_9.sce b/1658/CH20/EX20.9/Ex20_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f325401d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH20/EX20.9/Ex20_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+clc;
+RB=330*10**3;
+RC=2.7*10**3;
+hfe=120;
+hie=1.175*10**3;
+hoe=20*10**-6;
+Ri=hie;
+Ris=(hie*RB)/(hie+RB);
+disp('kohm',Ris*10**-3,"Ris=");
+Ro=1/hoe;
+Ros=(Ro*RC)/(Ro+RC);
+disp('kohm',Ros*10**-3,"Ros=");
+Ai=hfe;
+disp(Ai);
+Av=(hfe*RC)/Ri;
+disp(Av);
diff --git a/1658/CH21/EX21.1/Ex21_1.sce b/1658/CH21/EX21.1/Ex21_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..710c5328d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH21/EX21.1/Ex21_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+clc;
+Av1=10;
+Av2=20;
+Av3=40;
+Av=Av1*Av2*Av3;
+disp(Av);
+GV1=20*log10(Av1);
+GV2=20*log10(Av2);
+GV3=20*log10(Av3);
+GV=GV1+GV2+GV3;//CORRECTION
+disp('dB',GV*1,"GV=");
diff --git a/1658/CH21/EX21.2/Ex21_2.sce b/1658/CH21/EX21.2/Ex21_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c97f3cd20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH21/EX21.2/Ex21_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+clc;
+vin1=0.05;
+vout3=150;
+Av1=20;
+vin3=15;
+Av=vout3/vin1;
+disp(Av);
+Av3=vout3/vin3;
+disp(Av3);
+Av2=Av/(Av3*Av1);
+disp(Av2);
+vin2=Av2/vin3;
+disp('Vpk-pk',vin2*1,"vin2=");
+
diff --git a/1658/CH21/EX21.3/Ex21_3.sce b/1658/CH21/EX21.3/Ex21_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..487d1c041
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH21/EX21.3/Ex21_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+clc;
+VCC=10;
+Rc=5*10**3;
+RB=1*10**6;
+RE=1*10**3;
+RL=10*10**3;
+B1=100;
+B2=100;
+B=B1;
+IE=VCC/(RE+(RB/B1));
+re=25/(IE*10**3);
+Ri1=B*re;
+disp('ohm',Ri1*1,"Ri1=");
+Ri2=B*re;
+disp('ohm',Ri2*1,"Ri2=");
+Ro1=(Rc*Ri2)/(Rc+Ri2);
+disp('ohm',Ro1*1,"Ro1=");
+Ro2=(Rc*RL)/(Rc+RL);
+disp('ohm',Ro2*1,"Ro2=");
+Av1=Ro1/re;
+disp(Av1);
+Av2=Ro2/re;
+disp(Av2);
+Av=Av1*Av2;
+disp(Av);
+Gv=20*log10(Av);
+disp('dB',Gv*1,"Gv=");
diff --git a/1658/CH21/EX21.4/Ex21_4.sce b/1658/CH21/EX21.4/Ex21_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7b0a90b58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH21/EX21.4/Ex21_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+clc;
+VCC=15;
+Rc=3.3*10**3;
+RE=1000;
+R1=33*10**3;
+R2=8.2*10**3;
+RL=10*10**3;
+B=100;
+VBE=0.7;
+VTH=VCC*(R2/(R1+R2));
+RTH=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2);
+IE=(VTH-VBE)/(RE+(RTH/B));
+re=25/(IE*10**3);
+Ri2=B*re;
+disp('ohm',Ri2*1,"Ri2=");//the answer of Ri2 varies from the answer printed in the book with slight difference(11.7 in book & 11.65 here),but this affects some answers further.
+Ro1=(Rc*Ri2)/(Rc+Ri2);
+disp('ohm',Ro1*1,"Ro1=");
+Ro2=(Rc*RL)/(Rc+RL);
+disp('ohm',Ro2*1,"Ro2=");
+Av1=Ro1/re;
+disp(Av1);
+Av2=Ro2/re;
+disp(Av2);
+Av=Av1*Av2;
+disp(Av);
+Gv=20*log10(Av);
+disp('dB',Gv*1,"Gv=");
diff --git a/1658/CH21/EX21.5/Ex21_5.sce b/1658/CH21/EX21.5/Ex21_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5d8798bd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH21/EX21.5/Ex21_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+clc;
+bw=500*10**3;
+Avmax=120;
+f1=25;
+f2=bw+f1;
+disp('kHZ',f2*10**-3,"f2=");
+Av=Avmax/(sqrt(2))
+disp(Av);//ans printed in the book is  wrong
diff --git a/1658/CH21/EX21.6/Ex21_6.sce b/1658/CH21/EX21.6/Ex21_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c2dbdcc8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH21/EX21.6/Ex21_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+clc;
+VCC=10;
+RB=470*10**3;
+RE=1*10**3;
+RL=1*10**3;
+a=4;
+B=50;
+IE=VCC/(RE+(RB/B));
+re=25/(IE*10**3);
+Ri1=(RB*(B*re))/(RB+(B*re));
+disp('ohm',Ri1*1,"Ri1=");
+Ri2=(RB*(B*re))/(RB+(B*re));
+disp('ohm',Ri2*1,"Ri2=");
+RI2=(a^2)*Ri2;
+RO1=RI2;
+RI2=(a^2)*RL;
+Av1=RO1/re;
+disp(Av1);
+RO2=RI2;
+Av2=RO2/re;
+disp(Av1);
+Av=Av1*Av2;
+disp(Av);
+Gv=20*log10(Av);
+disp('dB',Gv*1,"Gv=");
diff --git a/1658/CH21/EX21.7/Ex21_7.sce b/1658/CH21/EX21.7/Ex21_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e1abc4aaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH21/EX21.7/Ex21_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+clc;
+VCC=12;
+R1=100*10**3;
+R2=20*10**3;
+R3=10*10**3;
+R4=2*10**3;
+R5=10*10**3;
+R6=2*10**3;
+B=100;
+B2=100;
+VTH=VCC*(R2/(R1+R2));
+IE1=VTH/R4;
+re1=25/IE1*10**-3;
+VR6=VCC-IE1*R3;
+IE2=VR6/R6;
+re2=25/IE2*10**-3;
+Ri2=B2*(re2+R6);
+R01=(R3*Ri2)/(R3+Ri2);
+RO2=R5;
+Av1=R01/(re1+R4);
+disp(Av1);
+Av2=RO2/(re2+R6);
+disp(Av2);
+Av=Av1*Av2;
+disp(Av);
diff --git a/1658/CH21/EX21.8/Ex21_8.sce b/1658/CH21/EX21.8/Ex21_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..05fd27851
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH21/EX21.8/Ex21_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+clc;
+VCC=10;
+R1=800;
+R2=200;
+R3=600;
+R4=200;
+R5=100;
+R6=1*10**3;
+B=100;
+B2=B;
+VBE=0.7;
+RE=200;
+VR2=VCC*(R2/(R1+R2));
+IE1=(VR2-VBE)/RE;
+IC1=IE1;
+disp('mA',IC1*10**3,"IC1=");
+VC1=VCC-IC1*R3;
+VE1=IE1*R4;
+VCE1=VC1-VE1;
+disp('V',VCE1*1,"VCE1=");
+VE2=VC1-(-VBE);
+IE2=(VCC-VE2)/R6;
+IC2=IE2;
+VC2=IC2*R5;
+VCE2=VC2-VE2;
+disp('V',VCE2*1,"VCE2=");
+re1=25/IE1*10**-3;
+re2=25/IE2*10**-3;
+Ri2=B2*(re2+R6);
+R01=(R3*Ri2)/(R3+Ri2);
+Av1=R01/(re1+R4);
+disp(Av1*1,"Av1=");
+Av2=1;
+disp(Av2*1,"Av2=");
+Av=Av1*Av2;
+disp(Av*1,"Av=");
diff --git a/1658/CH21/EX21.9/Ex21_9.sce b/1658/CH21/EX21.9/Ex21_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4a12b7bf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH21/EX21.9/Ex21_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+clc;
+VCC=10;
+R1=30*10**3;
+R2=20*10**3;
+RE=1.5*10**3;
+B1=150;
+B2=100;
+VBE=0.7;
+Ai=B1*B2;
+disp(Ai);
+VR2=VCC*(R2/(R1+R2));
+VB2=VR2-VBE;
+VE2=VB2-VBE;
+IE2=VE2/RE;
+re2=25/(IE2*10**3);
+disp('ohm',re2*1,"re2=");
+Ib2=IE2/B2;
+IE1=Ib2;
+re1=25/(IE1*10**3);
+disp('ohm',re1*1,"re1=");
+Ri1=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2);
+disp('Kohm',Ri1*10**-3,"Ri1=");
+Av=RE/((re1/B2)+(re2+RE));
+disp(Av);
diff --git a/1658/CH22/EX22.1/Ex22_1.sce b/1658/CH22/EX22.1/Ex22_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..147583f6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH22/EX22.1/Ex22_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 22.1
+ID=5*10**-3;
+VDD=10;
+RD=1*10**3;
+RS=500;
+VS=ID*RS;
+disp('V',VS*1,"VS=");
+VD=VDD-ID*RD;
+disp('V',VD*1,"VD=");
+VDS=VD-VS;
+disp('V',VDS*1,"VDS=");
+VGS=-VS;
+disp('V',VGS*1,"VGS=");
diff --git a/1658/CH22/EX22.10/Ex22_10.sce b/1658/CH22/EX22.10/Ex22_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d9cf7e0d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH22/EX22.10/Ex22_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 22.10
+gm=2*10**-3;
+rd=40*10**3;
+RD=20*10**3;
+RG=100*10**6;
+rL=(RD*rd)/(RD+rd);
+Av=-gm*rL;
+disp(Av);
+Ri=RG;
+disp('Mohm',Ri*10**-6,"Ri=");
+Ro=rL;
+disp('Kohm',Ro*10**-3,"Ro=");
diff --git a/1658/CH22/EX22.11/Ex22_11.sce b/1658/CH22/EX22.11/Ex22_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..650d931e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH22/EX22.11/Ex22_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 22.11
+gm=2*10**-3;
+rd=10*10**3;
+RD=50*10**3;
+rl=(rd*RD)/(rd+RD);
+Av=-gm*rl;
+disp(Av);
diff --git a/1658/CH22/EX22.12/Ex22_12.sce b/1658/CH22/EX22.12/Ex22_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f6fc97b44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH22/EX22.12/Ex22_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 22.12
+RD=100*10**3;
+gm=1.6*10**-3;
+rd=44*10**3;
+Cgs=3*10**-12;
+Cds=1*10**-12;
+Cgd=2.8*10**-12;
+rl=(RD*rd)/(RD+rd);
+Av=-gm*rl;
+disp(Av);
diff --git a/1658/CH22/EX22.13/Ex22_13.sce b/1658/CH22/EX22.13/Ex22_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f1e70044d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH22/EX22.13/Ex22_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 22.13
+gm=4500*10**-6;
+RD=3*10**3;
+RL=5*10**3;
+vin=100*10**-3;
+ID=2*10**-3;
+rl=(RD*RL)/(RD+RL);
+VO=gm*rl*vin;
+disp('V',VO*1,"VO=");
diff --git a/1658/CH22/EX22.14/Ex22_14.sce b/1658/CH22/EX22.14/Ex22_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..24c91586c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH22/EX22.14/Ex22_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 22.14;
+gm=4*10**-3;
+RD=1.5*10**3;
+RG=10*10**6;
+rs=500;
+rl=RD;
+AV=-(gm*rl)/(1+gm*rs);
+disp(AV);
+RL=100*10^3;
+rL=(RD*RL)/(RD+RL);
+AV=-(gm*rL)/(1+gm*rs);
+disp(AV);
diff --git a/1658/CH22/EX22.15/Ex22_15.sce b/1658/CH22/EX22.15/Ex22_15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..26cb4443e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH22/EX22.15/Ex22_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+clc;
+// e.g 22.15
+RD=1.5*10**3;
+RS=750;
+RG=1*10**6;
+IDSS=10*10**-3;
+VP=-3.5;
+IDQ=2.3*10**-3;
+VGSQ=-1.8;
+gmo=-2*IDSS/VP;
+gm=gmo*(1-(VGSQ/VP));
+rL=RD;
+AV=-(gm*rL)/(1+gm*RS);
+disp(AV);
+AV=-gm*rL;
+disp(AV);
diff --git a/1658/CH22/EX22.16/Ex22_16.sce b/1658/CH22/EX22.16/Ex22_16.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d47fec664
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH22/EX22.16/Ex22_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 22.16
+gm=8000*10**-6;
+RS=10*10**3;
+RG=100*10**6;
+(1/gm);
+AV=RS/(RS+(1/gm));
+disp(AV);
+Ri=RG;
+Ro=1/gm;
+disp('ohm',Ro*1,"Ro=");
diff --git a/1658/CH22/EX22.17/Ex22_17.sce b/1658/CH22/EX22.17/Ex22_17.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c6ad951f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH22/EX22.17/Ex22_17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 22.17
+vin=2*10**-3;
+gm=5500*10**-6;
+R1=1*10**6;
+R2=1*10**6;
+RS=5000;
+RL=2000;
+(1/gm);
+AV=RS/(RS+(1/gm));
+disp(AV);
+Ri=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2);
+disp('Mohm',Ri*10**-6,"Ri=");
+Ro=(RS/gm)/(RS+1/gm);
+disp('ohm',Ro*1,"Ro=");
+Vo=(RL/(RL+Ro))*(AV*vin);
+disp('mV',Vo*10**3,"Vo=");
diff --git a/1658/CH22/EX22.18/Ex22_18.sce b/1658/CH22/EX22.18/Ex22_18.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5c9a833bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH22/EX22.18/Ex22_18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 22.18
+gm=2500*10**-6;
+Ri=2000;
+RD=10000;
+AV=gm*RD;
+disp(AV);
+Ri1=(Ri/gm)/(Ri+1/gm);
+disp('ohm',Ri1*1,"Ri1=");
diff --git a/1658/CH22/EX22.19/Ex22_19.sce b/1658/CH22/EX22.19/Ex22_19.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a423d171f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH22/EX22.19/Ex22_19.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 22.19
+gm=2*10**-3;
+rd=50*10**3;
+Rs=1*10**3;
+Ro=(Rs/gm)/(Rs+1/gm);
+disp('ohm',Ro*1,"Ro=");
diff --git a/1658/CH22/EX22.2/Ex22_2.sce b/1658/CH22/EX22.2/Ex22_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..30a504519
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH22/EX22.2/Ex22_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 22.2
+RD=56*10**3;
+RG=1*10**6;
+IDSS=1.5*10**-3;
+VP=-1.5;
+VD=10;
+VDD=20;
+ID=VD/RD;
+disp('mA',ID*10**3,"ID=");
+//ID=IDSS*(1-(VGS/VP))**2
+VGS=VP*(1-sqrt(ID/IDSS));
+disp('V',VGS*1,"VGS=");
+VS=VGS;
+R1=(-VS/ID)-4*10**3;
+disp('kohm',R1*10**-3,"R1=");
diff --git a/1658/CH22/EX22.20/Ex22_20.sce b/1658/CH22/EX22.20/Ex22_20.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0fd50ef88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH22/EX22.20/Ex22_20.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 22.20
+gmo=5*10^-3;
+RD=1*10**3;
+Rs=200;
+ID=5*10**-3;
+Ri1=(Rs/gmo)/(Rs+1/gmo);
+disp('ohm',Ri1*1,"Ri1=");
+Vs=ID*Rs;
+disp('V',Vs*1,"Vs=");
+VGS=Vs;
+IDSS=2*ID;
+VGSo=(-2*IDSS)/ID;
+gm=gmo*(1-VGS/-VGSo);
+Av=gm*RD;
+disp(Av);
diff --git a/1658/CH22/EX22.3/Ex22_3.sce b/1658/CH22/EX22.3/Ex22_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..15153a293
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH22/EX22.3/Ex22_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 22.3
+ID=1.5*10**-3;
+VDS=10;
+IDSS=5*10**-3;
+VP=-2;
+VDD=20;
+//ID=IDSS*(1-(VGS/VP))**2
+VGS=VP*(1-(ID/IDSS));
+VS=-VGS;
+RS=(VS/ID);
+disp('ohm',RS*1,"RS=");
+RD=((VDD-VDS)/ID)-RS;
+disp('Kohm',RD*10**-3,"RD=");
diff --git a/1658/CH22/EX22.5/Ex22_5.sce b/1658/CH22/EX22.5/Ex22_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3249cc957
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH22/EX22.5/Ex22_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+clc;
+//e.g22.5
+VP=5;
+IDSS=12*10**-3;
+VDD=12;
+ID=4*10**-3;
+VDS=6;
+VGS=VP*(1-sqrt(ID/IDSS));
+VS=VGS;
+RS=VS/ID;
+disp('ohm',RS*1,"RS=");
+RD=VDS/ID;
+disp('Kohm',RD*10**-3,"RD=")
diff --git a/1658/CH22/EX22.6/Ex22_6.sce b/1658/CH22/EX22.6/Ex22_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..237b19627
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH22/EX22.6/Ex22_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 22.6
+IDSS=10*10**-3;
+VDD=20;
+IDQ=IDSS/2;
+disp('mA',IDQ*10**3,"ID=");
+VDSQ=VDD/2;
+disp('V',VDSQ*1,"VDS=");
+VGS=-2.2;
+RD=(VDD-VDSQ)/IDQ;
+disp('Kohm',RD*10**-3,"RD=");
+RS=-VGS/IDQ;
+disp('ohm',RS*1,"RS=");
diff --git a/1658/CH22/EX22.7/Ex22_7.sce b/1658/CH22/EX22.7/Ex22_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..274e02918
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH22/EX22.7/Ex22_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 22.7
+VDD=20;
+RD=2.5*10**3;
+RS=1.5*10**3;
+R1=2*10**6;
+R2=250*10**3;
+ID=4*10**-3;
+VG=(R2*VDD)/(R1+R2);
+VS=ID*RS;
+VGS=VG-VS;
+disp('V',VGS*1,"VGS=");
+VD=VDD-ID*RD;
+VDS=VD-VS;
+disp('V',VDS*1,"VDS=");
diff --git a/1658/CH22/EX22.8/Ex22_8.sce b/1658/CH22/EX22.8/Ex22_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b5399d371
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH22/EX22.8/Ex22_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc;
+//e.g22.8
+gm=4*10**-3;
+RD=1.5*10**3;
+AV=-gm*RD;
+disp(AV);
diff --git a/1658/CH22/EX22.9/Ex22_9.sce b/1658/CH22/EX22.9/Ex22_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..56b18854b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH22/EX22.9/Ex22_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 22.9
+gm=2.5*10**-3;
+rd=500*10**3;
+RD=10*10**3;
+rL=(RD*rd)/(rd+RD);
+disp('10^3 ohm',rL*10**-3,"rL=");
+AV=-gm*rL;
+disp(AV);
diff --git a/1658/CH23/EX23.1/Ex23_1.sce b/1658/CH23/EX23.1/Ex23_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bea86cdec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH23/EX23.1/Ex23_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+clc;
+ID=4*10**-3;
+IDSS=2*ID;
+RS=390;
+VGSQ=-ID*RS;
+VP=-4.5;
+RD=2.2*10**3;
+gm0=(2*IDSS)/(-VP);
+gm=gm0*(1-(VGSQ/VP));
+Av1=-gm*RD;
+Av2=-gm*RD;
+Av=Av1*Av2;
+disp(Av);
+vi=20*10**-3;
+vo=Av*vi;
+disp('mV',vo*10**3,"vo=");
+Zi=10*10**6;
+RG=10*10**6;
+disp('Mohm',Zi*10**-6,"Zi=RG=");
+Z0=2.2*10**3;
+RD=2.2*10**3;
+disp('Kohm',Z0*10**-3,"Z0=RD=");
+RL=10*10**3;
+VL=(RL/(Z0+RL))*vo;
+disp('V',VL*10**3,"VL=");
diff --git a/1658/CH23/EX23.10/Ex23_10.sce b/1658/CH23/EX23.10/Ex23_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5cbbcc520
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH23/EX23.10/Ex23_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+clc;
+VEE=-18;
+R1=4.3*10**3;
+R2=4.3*10**3;
+RE=1.8*10**3;
+B=100;
+VB=-(-VEE*R2)/(R1+R2);
+VE=VB-0.7
+IE=(VE-(VEE))/RE;
+disp('mA',IE*10**3,"IE=");
diff --git a/1658/CH23/EX23.11/Ex23_11.sce b/1658/CH23/EX23.11/Ex23_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9745c557e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH23/EX23.11/Ex23_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+clc;
+VZ=5.1;
+VBE=0.7;
+RE=1.2*10**3;
+B=200;
+I=(VZ-VBE)/RE;
+disp('mA',I*10**3,"I=");
diff --git a/1658/CH23/EX23.12/Ex23_12.sce b/1658/CH23/EX23.12/Ex23_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..81f7d2850
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH23/EX23.12/Ex23_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+clc;
+VCC=18;
+Rx=2*10**3;
+VBE=0.7;
+Ix=(VCC-VBE)/Rx;
+I=Ix;
+disp('mA',I*10**3,"I=");
diff --git a/1658/CH23/EX23.13/Ex23_13.sce b/1658/CH23/EX23.13/Ex23_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b19967104
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH23/EX23.13/Ex23_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+clc;
+VC=5;
+Re=2*10**3;
+VCC=6;
+R=2.2*10**3;
+VBE=0.7;
+B=100;
+I="IO";
+I=(VCC-2*VBE)/Re;
+disp('mA',I*10**3,"I=");
+Re=1*10**3;
+I=(VCC-2*VBE)/Re;
+disp('mA',I*10**3,"I=");
+Re=4*10**3;
+I=(VCC-2*VBE)/Re;
+disp('mA',I*10**3,"I=");
diff --git a/1658/CH23/EX23.14/Ex23_14.sce b/1658/CH23/EX23.14/Ex23_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7d78c4530
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH23/EX23.14/Ex23_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+clc;
+VCC=15;
+VEE=15;
+RE=3.9*10**3;
+RC=4.7*10**3;
+IE=(VEE-0.7)/RE;
+disp('mA',IE*10**3,"IE=");
+IC=IE/2;
+disp('mA',IC*10**3,"IC=");
+VC=VCC-IC*RC;
+disp('V',VC*1,"VC=");
diff --git a/1658/CH23/EX23.15/Ex23_15.sce b/1658/CH23/EX23.15/Ex23_15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..12980348f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH23/EX23.15/Ex23_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+clc;
+VCC=12;
+VEE=12;
+RE=33*10**3;
+RC1=36*10**3;
+RC2=36*10**3;
+B1=150;
+B2=150;
+vi1=2*10**-3;
+IE=(VEE-0.7)/RE;
+disp('mA',IE*10**3,"IE=");
+IC=IE/2;
+disp('mA',IC*10**3,"IC=");
+RC=36*10**3;
+VC=VCC-IC*RC;
+disp('V',VC*1,"VC=");
+re1=25*10**-3/IE;
+Av=RC/(2*re1);
+disp(Av);
+vo1=Av*vi1;
+disp('V',vo1*1,"vo1=");
diff --git a/1658/CH23/EX23.16/Ex23_16.sce b/1658/CH23/EX23.16/Ex23_16.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..999436c65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH23/EX23.16/Ex23_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+clc;
+B=200;
+ri=20*10**3;
+RC=47*10**3;
+RE=43*10**3;
+Ac=(B*RE)/(ri+2*(B+1)*RE);
+disp(Ac);
diff --git a/1658/CH23/EX23.3/Ex23_3.sce b/1658/CH23/EX23.3/Ex23_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9956a72ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH23/EX23.3/Ex23_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+clc;
+VCC=18;
+R1=7.5*10**3;
+R2=6.2*10**3;
+R3=3.9*10**3;
+RC=1.5*10**3;
+B1=200;
+B2=200;
+RE=1*10**3;
+CE=100*10**-6;
+VB1=VCC*(R2+R3)/(R1+R2+R3);
+disp('V',VB1*1,"VB1=");
+VB2=VCC*(R3)/(R1+R2+R3);
+disp('V',VB2*1,"VB2=");
+IE2=(VB2-0.7)/RE;
+IC2=IE2;
+IE1=IC2;
+IE=IE1;
+re1=26*10**-3/IE;
+AV1=-re1/re1;
+AV2=-RC/re1;
+AV=AV1*AV2;
+disp(AV);//ans given in book has -ve sign which is wrong
+
diff --git a/1658/CH23/EX23.4/Ex23_4.sce b/1658/CH23/EX23.4/Ex23_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6df1a9c08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH23/EX23.4/Ex23_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+clc;
+B1=160;
+B2=160;
+BD=B1*B2;
+disp(BD);
diff --git a/1658/CH23/EX23.5/Ex23_5.sce b/1658/CH23/EX23.5/Ex23_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5dff28087
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH23/EX23.5/Ex23_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc;
+BD=6000;
+B1=BD;
+B2=B1;
+B=sqrt(BD);
+disp(B);
diff --git a/1658/CH23/EX23.6/Ex23_6.sce b/1658/CH23/EX23.6/Ex23_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..54f2f3fb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH23/EX23.6/Ex23_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+clc;
+Vcc=15;
+RB=2.4*10**6;
+BD=6000;
+RE=510;
+Vi=120*10**-3;
+VBE=1.6;
+IB=(Vcc-VBE)/(RB+BD*RE);
+disp('microA',IB*10**6,"IB=");
+IE=BD*IB;
+disp('mA',IE*10**3,"IE=");
+IE2=IE
+VE2=IE2*RE;
+disp('V',VE2*1,"VE2=");
diff --git a/1658/CH23/EX23.7/Ex23_7.sce b/1658/CH23/EX23.7/Ex23_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..67819ae98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH23/EX23.7/Ex23_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+clc;
+hfe=100;
+B=100;
+BD=100**2;
+RE=1*10**3;
+hie=1*10**3;
+ri=10**3;
+Ri=ri+BD*RE;
+disp('Mohm',Ri*10**-6,"Ri=");
+Ro=ri/BD;
+disp('ohm',Ro*1,"Ro=");
diff --git a/1658/CH23/EX23.8/Ex23_8.sce b/1658/CH23/EX23.8/Ex23_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a6201ba28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH23/EX23.8/Ex23_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+clc;
+VCC=16;
+B1=160;
+B2=200;
+RB=1.5*10**6;
+Vi=120*10**-3;
+VEB1=0.7;
+RC=100;
+IB1=(VCC-VEB1)/(RB+B1*B2*RC);
+IB2=B1*IB1;
+IC2=B2*IB2;
+IE1=IB2;
+IC=IE1+IC2;
+Vodc=VCC-IC*RC;
+VBE=0.7;
+Vidc=Vodc-VBE;
+disp('V',Vidc*1,"Vidc=");
diff --git a/1658/CH23/EX23.9/Ex23_9.sce b/1658/CH23/EX23.9/Ex23_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f5175ff43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH23/EX23.9/Ex23_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+clc;
+VDD=18;
+RD=2*10**3;
+IDSS=6*10**-3;
+VP=-3;
+ID=IDSS;
+disp('mA',ID*10**3,"ID=");
+Vo=VDD-ID*RD;
+disp('V',Vo*1,"Vo=");
diff --git a/1658/CH24/EX24.1/Ex24_1.sce b/1658/CH24/EX24.1/Ex24_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..63dc02d45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH24/EX24.1/Ex24_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+
+clc;
+Pi=5;
+Po=100;
+G=10*log10(Po/Pi);
+disp('dB',G*1,"G=");
diff --git a/1658/CH24/EX24.2/Ex24_2.sce b/1658/CH24/EX24.2/Ex24_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3b929a6f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH24/EX24.2/Ex24_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+
+clc;
+Pi=5*10**-3;
+Po=1;
+G=10*log10(Po/Pi);
+disp('dB',G*1,"G=");//ans given in the book is wrong
diff --git a/1658/CH24/EX24.3/Ex24_3.sce b/1658/CH24/EX24.3/Ex24_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fa250f9c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH24/EX24.3/Ex24_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+
+clc;
+Pi=20*10**-6;
+Po=100*10**-6;
+G=10*log10(Po/Pi);
+disp('dB',G*1,"G=");
diff --git a/1658/CH24/EX24.4/Ex24_4.sce b/1658/CH24/EX24.4/Ex24_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..46a32a729
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH24/EX24.4/Ex24_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+
+clc;
+Po=25;
+G=10*log10(Po/(1*10**-3));
+disp('dB',G*1,"G=");
diff --git a/1658/CH24/EX24.5/Ex24_5.sce b/1658/CH24/EX24.5/Ex24_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8f8e48bbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH24/EX24.5/Ex24_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+
+clc;
+V2=100;
+V1=25;
+G=10*log10(V2/V1);
+disp('dB',G*1,"G=");
diff --git a/1658/CH24/EX24.8/Ex24_8.sce b/1658/CH24/EX24.8/Ex24_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ebed8ea7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH24/EX24.8/Ex24_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+
+clc;
+R=5*10**3;
+C=0.1*10**-6;
+f1=1/(2*%pi*R*C);
+disp('HZ',f1*1,"f1=");
+i=-21:3:0;
+plot2d(i);
+a=gca() //get the current axes
+a.box="off";
+a.x_location="top";
+xlabel("f (log scale)");
+ylabel( "Av(dB)");
diff --git a/1658/CH24/EX24.8/example24_8.png b/1658/CH24/EX24.8/example24_8.png
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ba4172963
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH24/EX24.8/example24_8.png
diff --git a/1658/CH24/EX24.9/24_9.png b/1658/CH24/EX24.9/24_9.png
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4e7a83f8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH24/EX24.9/24_9.png
diff --git a/1658/CH24/EX24.9/Ex24_9.sce b/1658/CH24/EX24.9/Ex24_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..773f33809
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH24/EX24.9/Ex24_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+
+clc;
+RC=4*10**3;
+R1=40*10**3;
+R2=10*10**3;
+RE=2*10**3;
+RS=1*10**3;
+RL=2.2*10**3;
+CS=10*10**-6;
+CE=20*10**-6;
+CC=1*10**-6;
+B=100;
+VCC=20;
+VB=(R2*VCC)/(R2+R1);
+IE=(VB-0.7)/RE;
+re=(26*10**-3)/IE;
+B*re;
+vo=-(RC*RL)/(RC+RL);
+Av=vo/re;
+a=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2);
+Ri=(a*(B*re))/(a+(B*re));
+Rs=1*10**3;
+vibyvs=Ri/(Ri+Rs);
+Avs=Av*vibyvs;
+a=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2);
+Ri=(a*(B*re))/(a+(B*re));
+fLS=1/(2*%pi*(Rs+Ri)*CS);
+disp('HZ',fLS*1,"fLS=");
+fLC=1/(2*%pi*(RC+RL)*CC);
+disp('HZ',fLC*1,"fLC=");
+a=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2);
+RS=(a*RS)/(a+RS);
+b=(RS/B+re);
+Re=(RE*b)/(RE+b);
+fLE=1/(2*%pi*Re*CE);
+disp('HZ',fLE*1,"fLE=");
+i=-21:3:0;
+plot2d(i);
+a=gca() //get the current axes
+a.box="off";
+a.x_location="top";
+xlabel("f (log scale)");
+ylabel( "Av(dB)");
diff --git a/1658/CH25/EX25.1/Ex25_1.sce b/1658/CH25/EX25.1/Ex25_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cdc2ee50f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH25/EX25.1/Ex25_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+clc;
+VCC=10;
+R1=10*10**3;
+R2=5*10**3;
+RC=1*10**3;
+RE=500;
+RL=1.5*10**3;
+B=100;
+VBE=0.7;
+VR2=VCC*(R2/(R1+R2));
+IEQ=(VR2-VBE)/RE;
+ICQ=IEQ;
+VCEQ=VCC-ICQ*(RC+RE);
+rL=(RC*RL)/(RC+RL);
+ICsat=ICQ+(VCEQ/rL);
+disp('mA',ICsat*10**3,"ICsat=");
+VCEsat=0;
+disp(VCEsat);
+ICcutoff=0;
+disp(ICcutoff);
+VCEcutoff=VCEQ+ICQ*rL;
+disp('V',VCEcutoff,"VCEcutoff=");
diff --git a/1658/CH25/EX25.10/Ex25_10.sce b/1658/CH25/EX25.10/Ex25_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3f2582051
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH25/EX25.10/Ex25_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+clc;
+RL=8;
+a=10;
+ICQ=500*10**-3;
+RL=a**2*RL;
+Poac=(1/2)*ICQ**2*RL;
+disp('W',Poac,"Poac=");
diff --git a/1658/CH25/EX25.11/Ex25_11.sce b/1658/CH25/EX25.11/Ex25_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8b9183568
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH25/EX25.11/Ex25_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+clc;
+Ptrdc=100*10**-3;
+VCC=10;
+RL=16;
+no=0.5;
+Poac=no*Ptrdc;
+disp('mW',Poac*10**3,"Poac=");
+ICQ=2*Poac/VCC;
+disp('A',ICQ,"ICQ=");
+RL1=VCC/ICQ;
+a=sqrt(RL1/RL);
+disp(a);
diff --git a/1658/CH25/EX25.12/Ex25_12.sce b/1658/CH25/EX25.12/Ex25_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5f91f93c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH25/EX25.12/Ex25_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+clc;
+VCC=10;
+IP=50*10**-3;
+RL=4;
+I=IP/sqrt(2);
+Poac=I^2*RL;
+disp('mW',Poac*10**3,"Poac=");
+ICQ=IP;
+RL1=VCC/ICQ;
+a=sqrt(RL1/RL);
+disp(a);
+V1=VCC;
+V2=V1/a;
+I2p=V2/RL;
+I2=I2p/sqrt(2);
+P=(I2^2)*RL;
+disp('mW',P*10**3,"P=");
diff --git a/1658/CH25/EX25.13/Ex25_13.sce b/1658/CH25/EX25.13/Ex25_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2352b370a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH25/EX25.13/Ex25_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+clc;
+RL=8;
+VP=16;
+P=(VP^2)/(2*RL);
+disp('W',P,"P=");
diff --git a/1658/CH25/EX25.14/Ex25_14.sce b/1658/CH25/EX25.14/Ex25_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..538e8ea69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH25/EX25.14/Ex25_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+clc;
+no=0.6;
+Pcdc=2.5;
+//Poac=Pindc*no;
+//Pindc=2*Pcdc+Poac;
+Pindc=(2*Pcdc)/(1-no);
+disp('W',Pindc,"Pindc=");
+Poac=0.6*Pindc;
+disp('W',Poac,"Poac=");
diff --git a/1658/CH25/EX25.2/Ex25_2.sce b/1658/CH25/EX25.2/Ex25_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fd398a11e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH25/EX25.2/Ex25_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+clc;
+VCC=20;
+R1=10*10**3;
+R2=1.8*10**3;
+RC=620;
+RE=200;
+RL=1.2*10**3;
+hfe=180;
+VB=VCC*(R2/(R1+R2));
+VBE=0.7;
+VE=VB-VBE;
+IE=VE/RE;
+IC=IE;
+VCE=VCC-IE*(RC+RE);
+ICQ=IC;
+VCEQ=VCE;
+rL=(RC*RL)/(RC+RL);
+PP=2*ICQ*rL;
+disp('V',PP,"PP=");
+PP=2*VCEQ;
+disp('V',PP,"PP=");
diff --git a/1658/CH25/EX25.3/Ex25_3.sce b/1658/CH25/EX25.3/Ex25_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f4a25843b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH25/EX25.3/Ex25_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+clc;
+re=8;
+RC=220;
+RE=47;
+R1=4.7*10**3;
+R2=470;
+B=50;
+rL=RC;
+AV=rL/re;
+Ai=B;
+Ap=AV*Ai;
+disp(Ap);
diff --git a/1658/CH25/EX25.4/Ex25_4.sce b/1658/CH25/EX25.4/Ex25_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e99186bf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH25/EX25.4/Ex25_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc;
+Ptrdc=20;
+Poac=5;
+ne=(Poac/Ptrdc);
+disp('%',ne*100,"ne=");
+"power rating of transistor=20W";
diff --git a/1658/CH25/EX25.5/Ex25_5.sce b/1658/CH25/EX25.5/Ex25_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..47667ce86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH25/EX25.5/Ex25_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+
+clc;
+pcdc=10;
+nc=0.32;
+poac=pcdc*nc/(1-nc);
+disp('W',poac,"poac=");
diff --git a/1658/CH25/EX25.6/Ex25_6.sce b/1658/CH25/EX25.6/Ex25_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2e5f34798
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH25/EX25.6/Ex25_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+clc;
+nc=0.5;
+VCC=24;
+Poac=3.5;
+Ptrdc=Poac/nc;
+disp('W',Ptrdc,"Ptrdc=");
+Pcdc=Ptrdc-Poac;
+disp('W',Pcdc,"Pcdc=");
diff --git a/1658/CH25/EX25.7/Ex25_7.sce b/1658/CH25/EX25.7/Ex25_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..77bd380ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH25/EX25.7/Ex25_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+clc;
+VCC=20;
+VCEQ=10;
+ICQ=600*10**-3;
+RL=16;
+IP=300*10**-3;
+Pindc=VCC*ICQ;
+disp('W',Pindc,"Pindc=");
+PRLdc=ICQ**2*RL;
+disp('W',PRLdc,"PRLdc=");
+I=IP/sqrt(2);
+Poac=I**2*RL;
+disp('W',Poac,"Poac=");
+Ptrdc=Pindc-PRLdc;
+disp('W',Ptrdc,"Ptrdc=");
+Pcdc=Ptrdc-Poac;
+disp('W',Pcdc,"Pcdc=");
+no=Poac/Pindc;
+disp('%',no*100,"no=");
+no=Poac/Ptrdc;
+disp('%',no*100,"no=");
diff --git a/1658/CH25/EX25.8/Ex25_8.sce b/1658/CH25/EX25.8/Ex25_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..27e821cbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH25/EX25.8/Ex25_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+clc;
+a=15;
+RL=8;
+RL1=a**2*RL;
+disp('Kohm',RL1*10**-3,"RL1=");
diff --git a/1658/CH25/EX25.9/Ex25_9.sce b/1658/CH25/EX25.9/Ex25_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..022a4001a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH25/EX25.9/Ex25_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+clc;
+RL=16;
+RL1=10*10**3;
+a=sqrt(RL1/RL);
+disp(a);
diff --git a/1658/CH26/EX26.1/Ex26_1.sce b/1658/CH26/EX26.1/Ex26_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8124e1c1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH26/EX26.1/Ex26_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 26.1
+L=150*10**-6;
+C=100*10**-12;
+fo=0.159/sqrt (L*C);
+disp('MHZ',fo*10**-6,"fo");
diff --git a/1658/CH26/EX26.2/Ex26_2.sce b/1658/CH26/EX26.2/Ex26_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..60c7f2964
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH26/EX26.2/Ex26_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 26.2
+L=100*10**-6;
+C=100*10**-12;
+R=5;
+fo=0.159/sqrt (L*C);
+disp('MHZ',fo*10**-6,"fo=");
+Zp=L/(C*R);
+disp('Kohm',Zp*10**-3,"Zp=");
diff --git a/1658/CH26/EX26.3/Ex26_3.sce b/1658/CH26/EX26.3/Ex26_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a5e1d77a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH26/EX26.3/Ex26_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 26.3
+fo=1*10**6;
+Qo=100;
+BW=fo/Qo;
+disp('kHZ',BW*10**-3,"BW=");
diff --git a/1658/CH26/EX26.4/Ex26_4.sce b/1658/CH26/EX26.4/Ex26_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..010e137f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH26/EX26.4/Ex26_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 26.4
+fo=1600*10**3;
+BW=10*10**3;
+Qo=fo/BW;
+disp(Qo);
diff --git a/1658/CH26/EX26.5/Ex26_5.sce b/1658/CH26/EX26.5/Ex26_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5ce27914b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH26/EX26.5/Ex26_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 26.5
+fo=2*10**6;
+BW=50*10**3;
+Qo=fo/BW;
+disp(Qo);
diff --git a/1658/CH26/EX26.6/Ex26_6.sce b/1658/CH26/EX26.6/Ex26_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..80526ff2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH26/EX26.6/Ex26_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 26.6
+fo=455*10**3;
+BW=10*10**3;
+XL=1255;
+Qo=fo/BW;
+R=XL/Qo;
+L=XL/(2*%pi*fo);
+C=1/(XL*2*%pi*fo);
+Zp=L/(C*R);
+disp('Kohm',Zp*10**-3,"Zp=");
diff --git a/1658/CH27/EX27.1/Ex27_1.sce b/1658/CH27/EX27.1/Ex27_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6c27198ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH27/EX27.1/Ex27_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 27.1
+AV=400;
+beta=0.1;
+AV1=AV/(1+beta*AV);
+disp(AV1);
diff --git a/1658/CH27/EX27.10/Ex27_10.sce b/1658/CH27/EX27.10/Ex27_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7146a695a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH27/EX27.10/Ex27_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 27.10
+AV=1500;
+BW=4*10**6;
+AV1=150;
+beta=((1500/150)-1)/1500;
+disp(beta);
+BW1=(1+beta*AV)*BW;
+disp('MHZ',BW1*10**-6,"BW1=");
diff --git a/1658/CH27/EX27.11/Ex27_11.sce b/1658/CH27/EX27.11/Ex27_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a8b26229a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH27/EX27.11/Ex27_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 27.11
+Rin=4.2*10**3;
+AV=220;
+beta=0.01;
+Ri=(1+beta*AV)*Rin;
+disp('Kohm',Ri*10**-3,"Ri=");
+F1=1.5*10**3;
+FC1=F1/(1+beta*AV);
+disp('HZ ',FC1,"FC1=");
+F2=501.5*10**3;
+FC2=(1+beta*AV)*F2;
+disp('KHZ',FC2*10**-3,"FC2=");
diff --git a/1658/CH27/EX27.12/Ex27_12.sce b/1658/CH27/EX27.12/Ex27_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..10d12cb65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH27/EX27.12/Ex27_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 27.12
+AV=1000;
+f1=50;
+f2=200*10**3;
+D=0.05;
+beta=0.01;
+AV1=AV/(1+beta*AV);
+disp(AV1);
+fl1=f1/(1+beta*AV);
+disp('HZ',fl1,"fl1=");
+fu2=(1+beta*AV)*f2;
+disp('MHZ',fu2*10**-6,"fu2=");
+D1=D/(1+beta*AV);
+disp('%',D1*100,"D1=");
diff --git a/1658/CH27/EX27.13/Ex27_13.sce b/1658/CH27/EX27.13/Ex27_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..476b71e75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH27/EX27.13/Ex27_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 27.13
+AV=100;
+RDN=0.8;
+//0.8=1-(1/(1+beta*AV));
+beta=((1/0.2)-1)/100;
+disp(beta);
+AV1=AV/(1+beta*AV);
+disp(AV1);
diff --git a/1658/CH27/EX27.14/Ex27_14.sce b/1658/CH27/EX27.14/Ex27_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..16007c824
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH27/EX27.14/Ex27_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 27.14
+AV=300;
+Ri=1.5*10**3;
+R0=50*10**3;
+b=1/15;
+AV1=AV/(1+b*AV);
+disp(AV1);
+Ri1=(1+b*AV)*Ri;//input resistance
+disp('Kohm',Ri1*10**-3,"Ri1=");
+Ri1=R0/(1+b*AV);//output resistance
+disp('kohm',Ri1*10**-3,"Ri1=");
diff --git a/1658/CH27/EX27.15/Ex27_15.sce b/1658/CH27/EX27.15/Ex27_15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..06a2f8199
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH27/EX27.15/Ex27_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 27.15
+hfe=100;
+hie=2*10**3;
+Rc=470;
+Re1=100;
+Re2=100;
+R1=15000;
+R2=5600;
+AV=(hfe*Rc)/hie;
+disp(AV);
+a=((R1*R2)/(R1+R2));
+Ri=(a*hie)/(a+hie);
+disp('ohm',Ri*1,"Ri=");
+b=Re1/Rc;
+AV1=AV/(1+b*AV);
+disp(AV1);
+Ri1=Ri*(1+b*AV);
+disp('OHM',Ri1*1,"Ri1=");
diff --git a/1658/CH27/EX27.16/Ex27_16.sce b/1658/CH27/EX27.16/Ex27_16.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..111918cb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH27/EX27.16/Ex27_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 27.16
+hfe=99;
+hie=2*10**3;
+hie1=2000;
+hie2=2000;
+Rc=22*10**3;
+R4=100;
+R1=220*10**3;
+R2=22*10**3;
+RC1=4.7*10**3;
+R3=7.8*10**3;
+Ri=hie;
+a=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2);
+b=(a*Rc)/(a+Rc);
+R01=(b*hie1)/(b+hie1)
+disp('Kohm',R01*10**-3,"R01=");
+Ri2=hie;
+C=(R3+R4);
+R02=(RC1*C)/(RC1+C)
+disp('Kohm',R02*10**-3,"R02=");
+AV1=hfe*R01/hie;
+AV2=hfe*R02/hie;
+AV=AV1*AV2;
+bta=R4/(R3+R4);
+Ri1=Ri*(1+bta*AV);
+disp('Kohm',Ri1*10**-3,"Ri1=");
+RO2=R02/(1+bta*AV);
+disp('ohm',RO2*1,"RO2=");
+AV1=AV/(1+bta*AV);
+disp(AV1);
diff --git a/1658/CH27/EX27.2/Ex27_2.sce b/1658/CH27/EX27.2/Ex27_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4b16902e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH27/EX27.2/Ex27_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 27.2
+AV=1000;
+AV1=10;
+beta=((AV/AV1)-1)/AV;
+disp(beta);
diff --git a/1658/CH27/EX27.3/Ex27_3.sce b/1658/CH27/EX27.3/Ex27_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..61194e3ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH27/EX27.3/Ex27_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 27.3
+AV=100;
+AV1=20;
+beta=((AV/AV1)-1)/AV;
+disp(beta);
diff --git a/1658/CH27/EX27.4/Ex27_4.sce b/1658/CH27/EX27.4/Ex27_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9a5eba194
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH27/EX27.4/Ex27_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 27.4
+Vo=12.5;
+Vin1=1.5;
+Vin=0.25;
+AV=Vo/Vin;
+disp(AV);
+AV1=Vo/Vin1;
+beta=((AV/AV1)-1)/AV;
+disp(beta);
diff --git a/1658/CH27/EX27.5/Ex27_5.sce b/1658/CH27/EX27.5/Ex27_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d919062ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH27/EX27.5/Ex27_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 27.5
+AV=60;
+AV1=80;
+//80=AV/(1-BETA*AV)
+beta=((AV1/AV)-1)/AV1;
+disp(beta,"beta=");
+beta=1/AV;
+disp(beta,"beta=");
diff --git a/1658/CH27/EX27.6/Ex27_6.sce b/1658/CH27/EX27.6/Ex27_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..641d2acf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH27/EX27.6/Ex27_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 27.6
+AV1=100;
+Vin=50*10**-3;
+Vin1=0.6;
+Vo=AV1*Vin1;
+Av=Vo/Vin;
+disp(Av);
+beta=((Av/AV1)-1)/Av;
+disp('*10^-3 ',beta*10**3,"beta=");
diff --git a/1658/CH27/EX27.7/Ex27_7.sce b/1658/CH27/EX27.7/Ex27_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e0b798d39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH27/EX27.7/Ex27_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+
+clc;
+Av=800;
+B=0.05;
+dAvbyAv=20;
+a=dAvbyAv*(1/(1+B*Av));
+disp('%',a*1,"a=");
diff --git a/1658/CH27/EX27.8/Ex27_8.sce b/1658/CH27/EX27.8/Ex27_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a53587337
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH27/EX27.8/Ex27_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+clc;
+AV1=100;
+A=0.01;
+B=0.2;
+C=B/A;
+AV=AV1*C;
+beta=C/AV;
+disp(beta,"beta=");
diff --git a/1658/CH27/EX27.9/Ex27_9.sce b/1658/CH27/EX27.9/Ex27_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..61f880a1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH27/EX27.9/Ex27_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 27.9
+AV=100;
+BW=200*10**3;
+beta=0.05;
+BW1=(1+beta*AV)*BW;
+disp('KHZ',BW1*10^-3,"BW1=");
+AV1=AV/(1+beta*AV);
+disp(AV1);
+//1*10**6=(1+beta1*AV)*BW;
+beta1=(((1*10**6)/(200*10**3))-1)/100;
+disp(beta1);
diff --git a/1658/CH28/EX28.1/Ex28_1.sce b/1658/CH28/EX28.1/Ex28_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4cf661b4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH28/EX28.1/Ex28_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 28.1
+fo=22*10**3;;
+C=2*10**-9;
+L=((0.159/fo)^2)/C;
+disp('H',L*1,"L=");
diff --git a/1658/CH28/EX28.10/Ex28_10.sce b/1658/CH28/EX28.10/Ex28_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3f1c1d9a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH28/EX28.10/Ex28_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 28.10
+C1=0.1*10**-6;
+C2=1*10**-6;
+L=470*10**-6;
+C=(C1*C2)/(C1+C2)
+fo=1/(2*%pi*sqrt(L*C));
+disp('kHZ',fo*10**-3,"fo=");
diff --git a/1658/CH28/EX28.11/Ex28_11.sce b/1658/CH28/EX28.11/Ex28_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..853c560bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH28/EX28.11/Ex28_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 28.11
+C1=100*10**-12;
+C2=7500*10**-12;
+f01=950*10**3;
+f02=2050*10**3;
+C=(C1*C2)/(C1+C2);
+//f01=1/(2*%pi*sqrt(L*C))
+L1=1/(4*(%pi)^2*C*f01^2);
+disp('microH',L1*10**6,"L1=");
+L2=1/(4*(%pi)^2*C*f02^2);
+disp('microH',L2*10**6,"L2=");
diff --git a/1658/CH28/EX28.13/Ex28_13.sce b/1658/CH28/EX28.13/Ex28_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5427bd00e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH28/EX28.13/Ex28_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 28.13
+C1=0.1*10**-6;
+C2=1*10**-6;
+C3=100*10**-12;
+L=470*10**-6;
+C=1/((1/C1)+(1/C2)+(1/C3));
+fo=1/(2*%pi*sqrt(L*C));
+disp('kHZ',fo*10**-3,"fo=");
diff --git a/1658/CH28/EX28.14/Ex28_14.sce b/1658/CH28/EX28.14/Ex28_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fd7e9a6ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH28/EX28.14/Ex28_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 28.14
+L=0.33;
+C1=0.065*10**-12;
+C2=1*10**-12;
+R=5.5*10**3;
+fs=1/(2*%pi*sqrt(L*C1));
+disp('MHZ',fs*10**-6,"fs=");
+Q=(2*%pi*fs*L)/R;
+disp(Q);
diff --git a/1658/CH28/EX28.15/Ex28_15.sce b/1658/CH28/EX28.15/Ex28_15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b82485386
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH28/EX28.15/Ex28_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+clc;//e.g 28.14
+L=0.8;
+C1=0.08*10**-12;
+C2=1*10**-12;
+R=5*10**3;
+fs=1/(2*%pi*sqrt(L*C1));
+disp('MHZ',fs*10**-6,"fs=");
+C=(C1*C2)/(C1+C2);
+fp=1/(2*%pi*sqrt(L*C));
+disp('MHZ',fp*10**-6,"fp=");
diff --git a/1658/CH28/EX28.2/Ex28_2.sce b/1658/CH28/EX28.2/Ex28_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1b085898f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH28/EX28.2/Ex28_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 28.2
+fo=2.2*10**6;
+//fo1=(sqrt(2))/sqrt(C);
+fo1=sqrt(2)*fo;
+disp('MHZ',fo1*10**-6,"fo1=");
diff --git a/1658/CH28/EX28.3/Ex28_3.sce b/1658/CH28/EX28.3/Ex28_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6666ec1dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH28/EX28.3/Ex28_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 28.3
+C=100*10**-12;
+L1=30*10**-6;
+L2=1*10**-8;
+fo=1/(2*%pi*sqrt((L1+L2)*C));
+disp('MHZ',fo*10**-6,"fo=");
diff --git a/1658/CH28/EX28.4/Ex28_4.sce b/1658/CH28/EX28.4/Ex28_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2518cbcc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH28/EX28.4/Ex28_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 28.4
+L1=1000*10**-6;
+L2=100*10**-6;
+M=20*10**-6;
+C=20*10**-12;
+fo=1/(2*%pi*sqrt((L1+L2+2*M)*C));
+disp('MHZ',fo*10**-6,"fo=");
diff --git a/1658/CH28/EX28.5/Ex28_5.sce b/1658/CH28/EX28.5/Ex28_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..66ef611f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH28/EX28.5/Ex28_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 28.5
+C=1*10**-9;
+L1=4.7*10**-3;
+L2=47*10**-6;
+fo=1/(2*%pi*sqrt((L1+L2)*C));
+disp('KHZ',fo*10**-3,"fo=");
diff --git a/1658/CH28/EX28.6/Ex28_6.sce b/1658/CH28/EX28.6/Ex28_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b2dbd0988
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH28/EX28.6/Ex28_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 28.6
+L1=2*10**-3;
+L2=20*10**-6;
+fo=950*10**3;
+C=1/(4*%pi^2*(L1+L2)*fo^2);
+disp('pF',C*10**12,"C=");
+fo=2050*10**3;
+C=1/(4*%pi^2*(L1+L2)*fo^2);
+disp('pF',C*10**12,"C=");
diff --git a/1658/CH28/EX28.7/Ex28_7.sce b/1658/CH28/EX28.7/Ex28_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e4ff4aba1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH28/EX28.7/Ex28_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 28.7
+L1=0.1*10**-3;
+L2=10*10**-6;
+fo=4110*10**3;
+M=20*10**-6;
+C=1/(4*%pi^2*(L1+L2+M)*fo^2);
+disp('pF',C*10**12,"C=");
+AV=(L1/L2);
+disp(AV);
diff --git a/1658/CH28/EX28.8/Ex28_8.sce b/1658/CH28/EX28.8/Ex28_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bd82f6da0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH28/EX28.8/Ex28_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 28.8
+fo=100*10**3;
+L=0.5*10**-3;
+C=2/(4*%pi^2*L*fo^2);
+disp('microF',C*10**6,"C=");
diff --git a/1658/CH28/EX28.9/Ex28_9.sce b/1658/CH28/EX28.9/Ex28_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..be4ebced7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH28/EX28.9/Ex28_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 28.9
+C1=0.001*10**-6;
+C2=0.01*10**-6;
+L=5*10**-6;
+AV=C2/C1;
+disp(AV);
+C=(C1*C2)/(C1+C2)
+fo=1/(2*%pi*sqrt(L*C));
+disp('MHZ',fo*10**-6,"fo=");
diff --git a/1658/CH29/EX29.1/Ex29_1.sce b/1658/CH29/EX29.1/Ex29_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2966ef6dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH29/EX29.1/Ex29_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 29.1
+R=20*10**3;
+C=100*10**-12;
+f=1/(1.38*R*C);
+disp('kHZ',f*10**-3,"f=");
diff --git a/1658/CH29/EX29.10/Ex29_10.sce b/1658/CH29/EX29.10/Ex29_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..06bc690f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH29/EX29.10/Ex29_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 29.10
+R1=6.8*10**3;
+R2=4.7*10**3;
+C1=1000*10**-12;
+t2=0.7*R2*C1;
+disp('microS',t2*10**6,"t2=");
+t1=0.7*(R1+R2)*C1;
+disp('microS',t1*10**6,"t1=");
+dc=(t1/(t1+t2))*100;
+disp('%',dc*1,"dc=");
diff --git a/1658/CH29/EX29.11/29_11.png b/1658/CH29/EX29.11/29_11.png
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..904eb284c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH29/EX29.11/29_11.png
diff --git a/1658/CH29/EX29.11/Ex29_11.sce b/1658/CH29/EX29.11/Ex29_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fe17a9401
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH29/EX29.11/Ex29_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+
+clc;
+R1=27*10**3;
+R2=56*10**3;
+C1=0.01*10**-6;
+t2=0.7*R2*C1;
+t1=0.7*(R1+R2)*C1;
+T=t1+t2;
+f=1/T;
+disp('kHZ',f*10**-3,"f=");
+t=(0:0.1:6*%pi)';
+plot2d1('onn',t,[squarewave(t,60)]);
diff --git a/1658/CH29/EX29.12/Ex29_12.sce b/1658/CH29/EX29.12/Ex29_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9edd693ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH29/EX29.12/Ex29_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+
+clc;
+f=50*10**3;
+dutyc=0.60;
+C=0.0022*10**-6;
+T=1/f;
+t1=dutyc*T;
+t2=T-t1;
+R2=(t2)/(0.7*C);
+disp('Kohm',R2*10**-3,"R2=");
+R1=(t1)/(0.7*C)-R2;
+disp('Kohm',R1*10**-3,"R1=");
diff --git a/1658/CH29/EX29.2/Ex29_2.sce b/1658/CH29/EX29.2/Ex29_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6fed74ca3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH29/EX29.2/Ex29_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 29.2
+R1=2*10**3;
+R2=20*10**3;
+C1=0.01*10**-6;
+C2=0.05*10**-6;
+T=0.69*(R1*C1+R2*C2)
+disp('ms',T*10**3,"T=");
+f=1/T;
+disp('kHZ',f*10**-3,"f=");
diff --git a/1658/CH29/EX29.3/Ex29_3.sce b/1658/CH29/EX29.3/Ex29_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e2c7bbc41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH29/EX29.3/Ex29_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+
+clc;
+T1=1*10**-6;
+f=100*10**3;
+R1=10*10**3;
+R2=10*10**3;
+T=1/f;
+C1=T1/(0.69*R1);
+disp('pF',C1*10**12,"C1=");
+T2=T-T1;
+C2=T2/(0.69*R1);
+disp('pF',C2*10**12,"C2=");
diff --git a/1658/CH29/EX29.4/Ex29_4.sce b/1658/CH29/EX29.4/Ex29_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..27a42271e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH29/EX29.4/Ex29_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+
+clc;
+T2A=310*10**-6;
+T2B=250*10**-6;
+VCC=15;
+IC=5*10**-3;
+hFC=20;
+RC=VCC/IC;
+RC1=RC;
+RC2=RC;
+disp('ohm',RC*1,"RC1=RC2=RC=");
+hFE=hFC;
+IBsat=IC/hFE;
+IB=2*IBsat;
+R=VCC/IB;
+R1=R;
+R2=R;
+C1=T2A/(0.69*R1);
+disp('pF',C1*10**12,"C1=");
+C2=T2B/(0.69*R2);
+disp('pF',C2*10**12,"C2=");
+tao1=R1*C1;
+disp('microsec',tao1*10**6,"tao1=");
+tao2=R2*C2;
+disp('microsec',tao2*10**6,"tao2=");
+tao11=RC1*C1/2;
+disp('microsec',tao11*10**6,"tao11=");
+tao12=RC2*C2/2;
+disp('microsec',tao12*10**6,"tao12=");
diff --git a/1658/CH29/EX29.5/Ex29_5.sce b/1658/CH29/EX29.5/Ex29_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..adfc12bb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH29/EX29.5/Ex29_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+
+clc;
+f=20*10**3;
+T=1/f;
+disp('microsec',T*10**6,"T=");
+t=(0:0.1:5*%pi)';
+plot2d1('onn',t,[squarewave(t,75)]);
diff --git a/1658/CH29/EX29.6/Ex29_6.sce b/1658/CH29/EX29.6/Ex29_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d7c6eef46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH29/EX29.6/Ex29_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+
+clc;
+close;
+f=100*10^(-3);
+T=(1/f);
+disp('us',T*1,'T=');
+tp=(1/T);
+disp('us',tp*1,'tp=');
+C1=0.001*10^(-6);
+R3=((5*10^(-6))/(0.69*C1));
+disp('kohm',R3*10^(-3),'R3=');
diff --git a/1658/CH29/EX29.7/Ex29_7.sce b/1658/CH29/EX29.7/Ex29_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ce79d124b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH29/EX29.7/Ex29_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+
+clc;
+RC=2*10**3;
+R3=20*10**3;
+rbb=200;
+C1=1000*10**-12;
+T=0.69*C1*R3;
+disp('microsec',T*10**6,"T=");
diff --git a/1658/CH29/EX29.8/Ex29_8.sce b/1658/CH29/EX29.8/Ex29_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..360d21534
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH29/EX29.8/Ex29_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 29.8
+R1=2.2*10**3;
+C1=0.01*10**-6;
+tp=1.1*R1*C1;
+disp('microS',tp*10**6,"tp=");
diff --git a/1658/CH29/EX29.9/Ex29_9.sce b/1658/CH29/EX29.9/Ex29_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..65efbdfc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH29/EX29.9/Ex29_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+
+clc;
+tp=10*10**-6;
+c=1000*10**-12;
+R1=tp/(1.1*c);
+disp('Kohm',R1*10**-3,"R1=");
+t=(0:0.1:5*%pi)';
+plot2d1('onn',t,[squarewave(t,60)]);
diff --git a/1658/CH29/EX29.9/example_29_9.png b/1658/CH29/EX29.9/example_29_9.png
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c916440e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH29/EX29.9/example_29_9.png
diff --git a/1658/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce b/1658/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a6aa0df02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+clc;
+//Ex3.1
+R=1000;
+sigma=5.8*10**7;
+d=0.001;
+//l is length of the cu wire
+l=R*sigma*%pi*(d*d/4);//R=l/(sigma*%pi*(d*d/4))
+disp ('km',l*10**-3,"l=");
+E=10*10**-3;
+J=sigma*E;//current density
+disp('A/m^2',J*1,"J=");
diff --git a/1658/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce b/1658/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..aaa6f49d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 3.10
+ND=2*10**14;
+NA=3*10**14;
+ni=2.3*10**19;
+n=(ni^2)/NA;
+disp('electrons/cm^3',n*1,"n=");
+p=(ni^2)/ND;
+disp('holes/cm^3',p*1,"p=");
diff --git a/1658/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce b/1658/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ee10a65f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 3.11
+ND=5*10**8;
+NA=6*10**16;
+ni=1.5*10**10;
+n=(ni^2)/NA;//number of electons
+p=(ni^2)/ND;//number of holes
+disp(n*1,"n=");
+disp(p*1,"p=");
diff --git a/1658/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce b/1658/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..49a0abd28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+clc;
+//ex3.12
+d=0.001;
+q=1.6*10**-19;
+ND=10**20;
+R=1000;
+mun=0.1;
+n=ND;//number of free electrons
+sigma=q*n*mun;//conductivity
+disp('S/m',sigma*1,"sigma=");
+a=(1/sigma)*(1/(%pi*(0.001^2)/4));
+l=R/a;
+disp('mm',l*10**3,"l=");
diff --git a/1658/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce b/1658/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..67e56dbf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+clc;
+//ex3.13
+sigma=100;
+rho=0.1;
+ni=1.5*10**10;
+mun=1300;
+mup=500;
+ni1=2.5*10**13;
+mun1=3800;
+mup1=1800;
+q=1.602*10**-19;
+//concentration of p type germanium
+p=sigma/(q*mup1);
+disp('/cm^3',p*1,"p=");
+n=(ni1^2)/p;
+disp('/cm^3',n*1,"n=");
+//concentration of n type silicon
+n=rho/(mun*q);
+disp('/cm^3',n*1,"n=");
+p=(ni^2)/n;
+disp('/cm^3',p*1,"p=");
diff --git a/1658/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce b/1658/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a4d5539b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+clc;
+mun=3800;
+mup=1800;
+ni=2.5*10**13;
+Nge=4.41*10**22;
+q=1.602*10**-19;
+ND=Nge/10**8;
+disp('/cm^3',ND*1,"ND=");
+p=(ni^2)/ND;
+disp('/cm^3',p*1,"p=");
+n=ND;
+sigma=q*n*mun;
+disp('(ohm-cm^)-1',sigma*1,"sigma=");
+rho=1/sigma;
+disp('ohm-cm',rho*1,"rho=");
diff --git a/1658/CH3/EX3.15/Ex3_15.sce b/1658/CH3/EX3.15/Ex3_15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ff6f2f2dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH3/EX3.15/Ex3_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+clc;
+//ex3.15
+Nsi=4.96*10**22;
+ni=1.52*10**10;
+q=1.6*10**-19;
+mun=1350;
+mup=480;
+//resistivity of intrinsic silicon
+sigma=q*ni*(mun+mup)
+disp('(ohm-cm)^-1',sigma*1,"sigma=");
+rho=1/sigma;
+disp('ohm-cm',rho*1,"rho=");
+//resistivity of doped silicon
+ND=Nsi/(50*10^6);
+disp('/cm^3',ND*1,"ND=");
+n=ND;
+p=(ni**2)/n;
+disp('/cm**3',p*1,"p=");
+sigma=q*n*mun;
+disp('(ohm-cm)^-1',sigma*1,"sigma=");
+rho=1/sigma;
+disp('ohm-cm',rho*1,"rho=");
diff --git a/1658/CH3/EX3.16/Ex3_16.sce b/1658/CH3/EX3.16/Ex3_16.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9551fc4a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH3/EX3.16/Ex3_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+clc;
+mup=0.048;
+mun=0.135;
+q=1.602*10**-19;
+Nsi=5*10**28;
+ni=1.5*10**16;
+sigma=q*ni*(mun+mup);
+disp('ohm-m^-1',sigma*1,"sigma=");
+NA=Nsi/10**7;
+P=NA;
+n=ni^2/P;
+sigma=q*P*mup;
+disp('ohm-m^-1',sigma*1,"sigma=");
+alpha=0.05;
+T=34-20;
+sigma20=0.44*10**-3;
+sigma34=sigma20*(1+alpha*T);
+disp('ohm-m^-1',sigma34*1,"sigma34=");
diff --git a/1658/CH3/EX3.17/Ex3_17.sce b/1658/CH3/EX3.17/Ex3_17.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7aa0aa35c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH3/EX3.17/Ex3_17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 3.17
+mun=3600;
+mup=1700;
+k=1.38*10**23;
+T=300;
+DP=mup*(T/11600);//answer given in the book is wrong
+disp('m^2/s',DP*1,"DP=");
+Dn=mun*(T/11600);//answer given in the book is wrong
+disp('m^2/s',Dn*1,"Dn=");
diff --git a/1658/CH3/EX3.18/Ex3_18.sce b/1658/CH3/EX3.18/Ex3_18.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dca8aa70c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH3/EX3.18/Ex3_18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 3.18
+RH=160;
+rho=0.16;
+mun=(1/rho)*RH;
+disp('cm^2/volt-sec',mun*1,"mu=");
diff --git a/1658/CH3/EX3.19/Ex3_19.sce b/1658/CH3/EX3.19/Ex3_19.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d48607325
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH3/EX3.19/Ex3_19.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+clc;
+//ex3.19
+I=50;
+B=1.2;
+t=0.5*10**-3;
+Vh=100;
+q=1.6*10**-19;
+n=(B*I)/(Vh*q*t);
+disp('/m^3',n*1,"n=");
diff --git a/1658/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce b/1658/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d45cd323d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+clc;
+//ex3.2
+d=2*10**-3;
+sigma=5.8*10**7;
+mu=0.0032;
+E=20*10**-3;
+q=1.6*10**-19;
+n=sigma/(q*mu);//sigma=q*n*mu
+disp('/m^3',n*1,"n=");
+J=sigma*E;//current density
+disp('A/m^2',J*1,"J=");
+A=%pi*d*d/4;//area of cross-section of wire
+disp('m^2',A*1,"A=");
+I=J*A;//current flowing in the wire
+disp('A',I*1,"I=");
+V=mu*E;//electron drift velocity
+disp('m/s',V*1,"V=");//answer printed in the book is wrong
+
diff --git a/1658/CH3/EX3.20/Ex3_20.sce b/1658/CH3/EX3.20/Ex3_20.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b7ad41655
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH3/EX3.20/Ex3_20.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc;
+rho=20*10**-2;
+mu=100*10**-4;
+q=1.6*10**-19;
+n=1/(rho*q*mu);
+disp('/m^3',n*1,"n=");
diff --git a/1658/CH3/EX3.21/Ex3_21.sce b/1658/CH3/EX3.21/Ex3_21.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9568452e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH3/EX3.21/Ex3_21.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+clc;
+Rh=3.66*10**-4;
+rho=8.93*10**-3;
+mu=Rh/rho;
+disp('m^2/V-s',mu*1,"mu=");
+q=1.6*10^-19;
+n=1/(q*Rh);
+disp('/m^3',n*1,"n=");
diff --git a/1658/CH3/EX3.22/Ex3_22.sce b/1658/CH3/EX3.22/Ex3_22.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..425a1b960
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH3/EX3.22/Ex3_22.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 3.22
+rho=9*10**-3;
+mup=0.003;
+sigma=1/rho;
+disp('S/m',sigma*1,"sigma=");
+RH= mup/sigma;
+disp('m^3*C',RH*1,"RH=");
diff --git a/1658/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce b/1658/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d83a04328
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+clc;
+//ex3.3
+p=1.54*10**-8;
+n=5.8*10**28;
+q=1.6*10**-19;
+sigma=1/p;//p=1/sigma..conductivity
+disp('S/m',sigma*1,"sigma=");
+mu=sigma/(q*n*10^-2);//mobility
+disp('m^2/vs',mu*1,"mu=");
+m=9.1*10**-31;
+t=(m*mu)/q;//relaxation time
+disp('ps',t*10^12,"t=");
diff --git a/1658/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce b/1658/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..96065ce5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+clc;
+//ex 3.4
+mun=0.38;
+mup=0.18;
+n=2.5*10**19;
+a=0.13;
+b=0.05;
+n2=1.5*10**16;
+q=1.6*10**-19;
+sigma=q*n*(mun+mup);// intrinsic coductivity for germanium
+disp('ohm-mu^-1',sigma*1,"sigma=");
+sigma1=q*n2*(a+b);//intrinsic coductivity for silicon
+disp('ohm-m^-1',sigma1*1,"sigma1");
diff --git a/1658/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce b/1658/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e275fea2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+clc;
+//ex3.5
+n=1.41*10**16;
+mun=0.145;
+mup=0.05;
+q=1.6*10**-19;
+//sigma=q*n*(mun+mup);
+e=q*n*mun;//contribution by electrons
+h=q*n*mup;//contribution by holes
+disp('ohm-m^-1',e*1,"e=");
+disp('ohm-m^-1',h*1,"h=");
diff --git a/1658/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce b/1658/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c72a03afb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+clc;
+//ex3.6
+q=1.60*10**-19;
+l=0.2*10**-3;
+a=0.04*10**-6;
+v=1;
+i=8*10**-3;
+mun=0.13;
+//concentration of free electrons
+R=v/i;//resistance
+disp('ohm',R*1,"R=");
+rho=(R*a)/l;
+disp('ohm-m',rho*1,"rho=");
+sigma=1/rho;//conductivity
+n=sigma/(q*mun);//concentration of free electrons
+disp('/m^3',n*1,"n=")
+//Drift velocity
+j=i/a;
+disp('amp/m^2',j*1,"j=");
+v=j/(n*q);
+disp('m/sec',v*1,"v=");
diff --git a/1658/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce b/1658/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..178acc70d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+clc;
+//ex3.7
+rho=0.47;
+q=1.6*10**-19;
+mun=0.39;
+mup=0.19;
+sigma=1/rho;//conductivity of intrinsic semiconductor
+disp('ohm-m^-1',sigma*1,"sigma=");
+n=sigma/(q*(mun+mup));//intrinsic carrier concentration of germanium
+disp('/m^3',n*1,"n=");
diff --git a/1658/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce b/1658/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..68e353e2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 3.8
+ND=10**21;
+NA=5*10**20;
+q=1.6*10**-19;
+mun=0.18;
+ND1=ND-NA;//number of free electrons
+disp('/m^3',ND1*1,"ND1=");
+SIGMA=ND1*q*mun;//conductivity of silicon
+disp('ohm-m^-1',SIGMA*1,"SIGMA=");
diff --git a/1658/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce b/1658/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..55b9d873b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+clc;
+//ex3.9
+rho=100;
+q=1.6*10**-19;
+mun=0.36;
+sigma=1/rho;
+disp('(ohm-m)^-1',sigma*1,"sigma=");
+ND= sigma/(q*mun);//donar concentration
+disp('atoms/m^3',ND*1,"ND=");
diff --git a/1658/CH30/EX30.2/Ex30_2.sce b/1658/CH30/EX30.2/Ex30_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..373763d7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH30/EX30.2/Ex30_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+
+clc;
+C=1*10**-6;
+Vi=6;
+R=10*10**3;
+Vo=-3;
+t=8*10**-3;
+tao=R*C;
+disp('msec',tao*10**3,"tao=");
+vf=6*(1-exp(-8/10));
+disp('V',vf*1,"vf=");
+output=vf-3.0;
+disp('V',output*1,"output=");
diff --git a/1658/CH30/EX30.3/Ex30_3.sce b/1658/CH30/EX30.3/Ex30_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3bf9e128c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH30/EX30.3/Ex30_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+
+clc;
+t=0.1;
+tao=0.2;
+vc=0.5*exp(-t/tao);
+disp('V',vc*1,"vc=");
diff --git a/1658/CH30/EX30.4/Ex30_4.sce b/1658/CH30/EX30.4/Ex30_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5bd9d7cb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH30/EX30.4/Ex30_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+
+clc;
+tao=250*10**-12;
+v=50;
+a=v/tao;
+t=0.05*10**-6;
+vp=a*t;
+disp('kV',vp*10**-3,"vp=");
diff --git a/1658/CH31/EX31.1/Ex31_1.sce b/1658/CH31/EX31.1/Ex31_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fe0e29e15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH31/EX31.1/Ex31_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 31.1
+R=100*10**3;
+C=0.4*10**-6;
+n=0.57;
+f=1/(2.3*R*C*log10(1/(1-n)));
+disp('HZ',f*1,"f=");
diff --git a/1658/CH31/EX31.2/Ex31_2.sce b/1658/CH31/EX31.2/Ex31_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..85fb76868
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH31/EX31.2/Ex31_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 31.2
+n=0.62;
+R=5*10**3;
+C=0.05*10**-6;
+T=2.3*R*C*log10(1/(1-n))
+disp('msec',T*10**3,"T=");
+f=1/T;
+disp('HZ',f*1,"f=");
+f1=50;
+T1=1/f1;
+R=T1/(2.3*C*log10(1/(1-n)));
+disp('kohm',R*10**-3,"R=");
+C=0.5*10**-6;
+R=T1/(2.3*C*log10(1/(1-n)));
+disp('kohm',R*10**-3,"R=");
diff --git a/1658/CH32/EX32.1/Ex32_1.sce b/1658/CH32/EX32.1/Ex32_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..677feb175
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH32/EX32.1/Ex32_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+clc;
+Adm=200000;
+Acm=6.33;
+CMRR=20*log10(Adm/Acm);
+disp('dB',CMRR*1,"CMRR=");
diff --git a/1658/CH32/EX32.10/Ex32_10.sce b/1658/CH32/EX32.10/Ex32_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f458b0ae3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH32/EX32.10/Ex32_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+clc;
+R2=100*10**3;
+R1=10*10**3;
+Acl=1+(R2/R1);
+Acm=0.001;
+disp(Acl);
+CMRR=Acl/Acm;
+disp(CMRR);
+SR=0.5;
+Vpk=5.5;
+fmax=SR/(2*%pi*Vpk);
+disp('kHZ',fmax*10**3,"fmax=");
diff --git a/1658/CH32/EX32.11/Ex32_11.sce b/1658/CH32/EX32.11/Ex32_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..749955b14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH32/EX32.11/Ex32_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+clc;
+Acm=0.001;
+AOL=180000;
+Zin=1*10**6;
+Zout=80;
+SR=0.5;
+Acl=1;
+CMRR=Acl/Acm;
+disp(CMRR);
+Vpk=3;
+fmax=SR/(2*%pi*Vpk)
+disp('kHZ',fmax*10**3,"fmax=");
diff --git a/1658/CH32/EX32.12/Ex32_12.sce b/1658/CH32/EX32.12/Ex32_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..eb4de14a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH32/EX32.12/Ex32_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 32.12
+V1= 0.1;
+V2=1;
+V3=0.5;
+R1=10*10**3;
+R2=10*10**3;
+R3=10*10**3;
+R4=22*10**3;
+Vout=((-R4*V1)/R1)+((-R4*V2)/R2)+((-R4*V3)/R3);
+disp('V',Vout*-1,"Vout=");
diff --git a/1658/CH32/EX32.14/Ex32_14.sce b/1658/CH32/EX32.14/Ex32_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4f3932015
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH32/EX32.14/Ex32_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+clc;
+V1=-2;
+V2=2;
+V3=-1;
+R1=200*10**3;
+R2=250*10**3;
+R3=500*10**3;
+Rf=1*10**6;
+Vout=(-Rf/R1)*V1+(-Rf/R2)*V2+(-Rf/R3)*V3;
+disp('V',Vout*1,"Vout=");
diff --git a/1658/CH32/EX32.2/Ex32_2.sce b/1658/CH32/EX32.2/Ex32_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..10fcc577e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH32/EX32.2/Ex32_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc;
+Adm=30000;
+//CMRR=20*log10(Adm/Acm);
+a=90/20;
+Acm=(Adm/10^a);
+disp(Acm);
diff --git a/1658/CH32/EX32.3/Ex32_3.sce b/1658/CH32/EX32.3/Ex32_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ca8b10fc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH32/EX32.3/Ex32_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 32.3
+SR=0.5*10**6;
+Vpk=0.1;
+fmax=SR/(2*%pi*Vpk);
+disp('kHZ',fmax*10**-3,"fmax=");
diff --git a/1658/CH32/EX32.4/Ex32_4.sce b/1658/CH32/EX32.4/Ex32_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..197c410e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH32/EX32.4/Ex32_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+clc;
+Vpk=10;
+slewrate=0.5*10**6;
+fmax=slewrate/(2*%pi*Vpk);
+disp('HZ',fmax*1,"fmax=");//value of microamp 741
+slewrate=13*10**6;
+fmax=slewrate/(2*%pi*Vpk);
+disp('kHZ',fmax*10**-3,"fmax=");//TLO 81
+//value of microamp 741 is much lower than that of the input signal.And value of TLO81 is much higher than input signal,therefore TLO81 can be used
diff --git a/1658/CH32/EX32.5/Ex32_5.sce b/1658/CH32/EX32.5/Ex32_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ffbc51602
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH32/EX32.5/Ex32_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 32.5
+ACL=200;
+Vout=8;
+Vin=Vout/ACL;
+disp('mV',Vin*10**3,"Vin=");
diff --git a/1658/CH32/EX32.7/Ex32_7.sce b/1658/CH32/EX32.7/Ex32_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4b1052258
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH32/EX32.7/Ex32_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 32.7
+R1=1*10**3;
+R2=10*10**3;
+ACL=R2/R1
+disp("Voltage at node A increases from 1V to 4v");
diff --git a/1658/CH32/EX32.8/Ex32_8.sce b/1658/CH32/EX32.8/Ex32_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..84dd80e45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH32/EX32.8/Ex32_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+clc;
+R1=1*10**3;
+R2=2*10**3;
+Vi=1;
+Acl=R2/R1;
+V0=Acl*Vi;
+disp('V',V0*1,"V0=");
diff --git a/1658/CH32/EX32.9/Ex32_9.sce b/1658/CH32/EX32.9/Ex32_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bdfbd8e10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH32/EX32.9/Ex32_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+clc;
+Acm=0.001;
+Aol=180000;
+Zin=1*10**6;
+Zout=80;
+SR=0.5;
+R2=100*10**3;
+R1=10*10**3;
+Acl=R2/R1;
+disp(Acl);
+Zin=R1;
+disp('kOhm',Zin*10**-3,"Zin=");
+disp('Ohm',Zout*1,"Zout=");
+CMRR=Acl/Acm;
+disp(CMRR);
+Vpk=5;
+fmax=SR/(2*%pi*Vpk);
+disp('kHZ',fmax*10**3,"fmax=");
diff --git a/1658/CH33/EX33.1/Ex33_1.sce b/1658/CH33/EX33.1/Ex33_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fcf3de772
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH33/EX33.1/Ex33_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+clc;
+R1=1*10**3;
+R2=100*10**3;
+Rf=R2;
+f1=159;
+C=1/(2*%pi*R2*f1);
+disp('microF',C*1,"C=");
diff --git a/1658/CH33/EX33.2/Ex33_2.sce b/1658/CH33/EX33.2/Ex33_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dca5a15ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH33/EX33.2/Ex33_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+clc;
+R1=1*10**3;
+Rf=51*10**3;
+Cf=0.1*10**-6;
+f=1/(2*%pi*Rf*Cf);
+disp('HZ',f*1,"f=");//ans given in book is wrong
+fmin=10*f;
+disp('HZ',fmin*1,"fmin=");
diff --git a/1658/CH33/EX33.3/Ex33_3.sce b/1658/CH33/EX33.3/Ex33_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8ab2823f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH33/EX33.3/Ex33_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+clc;
+R1=10*10**3;
+Cf=0.01*10**-6;
+f=1/(2*%pi*R1*Cf);
+disp('HZ',f*1,"f=");//ans given in book is wrong
+fmin=f/10;
+disp('HZ',fmin*1,"fmin=");
diff --git a/1658/CH33/EX33.4/Ex33_4.sce b/1658/CH33/EX33.4/Ex33_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d61f56d94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH33/EX33.4/Ex33_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+clc;
+R=51*10**3;
+C=0.001*10**-6;
+f0=1/(2*%pi*R*C);
+disp('HZ',f0*1,"f0=");
diff --git a/1658/CH34/EX34.1/Ex34_1.sce b/1658/CH34/EX34.1/Ex34_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ddfe033f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH34/EX34.1/Ex34_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 34.1
+VL=100*10**-6;
+VS=5;
+LR=VL/VS;
+disp('microV/V',LR*10**6,"LR=");
diff --git a/1658/CH34/EX34.10/Ex34_10.sce b/1658/CH34/EX34.10/Ex34_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9eb2676dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH34/EX34.10/Ex34_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+clc;
+Vz=10;
+Vsmin=13;
+Vsmax=16;
+ILmin=10*10**-3;
+ILmax=85*10**-3;
+Izmin=15*10**-3;
+Rsmax=(Vsmin-Vz)/(Izmin+ILmax);
+disp('ohm',Rsmax*1,"Rsmax=");
+Izmax=((Vsmax-Vz)/Rsmax)-ILmin;
+Pzmax=Izmax*Vz;
+disp('W',Pzmax*1,"Pzmax=");
diff --git a/1658/CH34/EX34.11/Ex34_11.sce b/1658/CH34/EX34.11/Ex34_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5310e6da3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH34/EX34.11/Ex34_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+clc;
+Vsmin=19.5;
+Vsmax=22.5;
+RL=6*10**3;
+Vz=18;
+Izmin=2*10**-6;
+Pzmax=60*10**-3;
+rz=20;
+Izmax=sqrt(Pzmax/rz);
+IL=Vz/RL;
+ILmax=IL;
+ILmin=IL;
+Rsmax=(Vsmin-Vz)/(Izmin+ILmax);
+disp('ohm',Rsmax*1,"Rsmax=");
+Rsmin=(Vsmax-Vz)/(Izmax+ILmin);
+disp('ohm',Rsmin*1,"Rsmin=");
diff --git a/1658/CH34/EX34.12/Ex34_12.sce b/1658/CH34/EX34.12/Ex34_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4f233d00b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH34/EX34.12/Ex34_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+clc;
+Vsmin=8;
+Vsmax=12;
+Rs=2.2*10**3;
+Vz=5;
+RL=10*10**3;
+Ismin=(Vsmin-Vz)/Rs;
+Ismax=(Vsmax-Vz)/Rs;
+IL=Vz/RL;
+Izmin=Ismin-IL;
+disp('mA',Izmin*10**3,"Izmin=");
+Izmax=Ismax-IL;
+disp('mA',Izmax*10**3,"Izmax=");
diff --git a/1658/CH34/EX34.13/Ex34_13.sce b/1658/CH34/EX34.13/Ex34_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..055f78acd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH34/EX34.13/Ex34_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+clc;
+VL=5;
+Vz=5;
+IL=20*10**-3;
+Pzmax=500*10**-3;
+Vsmax=15;
+Vsmin=9;
+Izmax=Pzmax/Vz;
+Ismax=IL+Izmax;
+Vz=VL;
+Rsmin=(Vsmax-Vz)/(Izmax+IL);
+disp('ohm',Rsmin*1,"Rsmin=");
+ILmax=IL;
+Iz=((Vsmin-Vz)/Rsmin)-ILmax;
+disp('mA',Iz*10**3,"Iz=");
diff --git a/1658/CH34/EX34.14/Ex34_14.sce b/1658/CH34/EX34.14/Ex34_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ead5d0f3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH34/EX34.14/Ex34_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+clc;
+Vz=10;
+Vbe=0.7;
+RL=100;
+Vs=15;
+B=100;
+Rs=33;
+VL=Vz+Vbe;
+IL=VL/RL;
+Is=(Vs-VL)/Rs;
+Ic=Is-IL;
+Ib=Ic/B;
+disp('microA',Ib*10**6,"Ib=");
diff --git a/1658/CH34/EX34.15/Ex34_15.sce b/1658/CH34/EX34.15/Ex34_15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..67aa3472f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH34/EX34.15/Ex34_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+clc;
+Vs=15;
+Vz=8.3;
+B=100;
+R=1.8*10**3;
+RL=2*10**3;
+Vbe=0.7;
+VL=Vz-Vbe;
+Vce=Vs-VL;
+IR=(Vs-Vz)/R;
+IL=VL/RL;
+IB=IL/B;
+disp('microA',IB*10**6,"IB=");//In question beta is 100 but while solving it is taken as 50 which is wrong
+Iz=IR-IB;
+disp('mA',Iz*10**3,"Iz=");
+
diff --git a/1658/CH34/EX34.16/Ex34_16.sce b/1658/CH34/EX34.16/Ex34_16.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..62402cb75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH34/EX34.16/Ex34_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+clc;
+ILmin=0;
+ILmax=2;
+VL=12;
+Vsmin=15;
+Vsmax=20;
+B=100;
+VBE=0.5;
+Vz=12.5;
+Izmin=1*10**-3;
+IBmax=ILmax/B;
+IR=IBmax+Izmin
+Rmax=(Vsmin-Vz)/IR;
+disp('ohm',Rmax*1,"Rmax=");
+Izmax=(Vsmax-Vz)/Rmax;
+disp('mA',Izmax*10**3,"Izmax=");
+Pzmax=Vz*Izmax;
+disp('W',Pzmax*1,"Pzmax=");
+PRmax=(Vsmax-Vz)*Izmax;
+disp('W',PRmax*1,"PRmax=");
+VCEmax=Vsmax-VL;
+disp('V',VCEmax*1,"VCEmax=");
+PDmax=VCEmax*ILmax;
+disp('W',PDmax*1,"PDmax=");
diff --git a/1658/CH34/EX34.17/Ex34_17.sce b/1658/CH34/EX34.17/Ex34_17.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..05415a0b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH34/EX34.17/Ex34_17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+clc;
+VL=12;
+IL=200*10**-3;
+Vs=30;
+Rs=10;
+B1=150;
+Ic1=10*10**-3;
+VBE1=0.7;
+B2=100;
+VBE2=0.7;
+Vz=6;
+Rz=10;
+Iz=20*10**-3;
+ID=10*10**-3;
+I1=10*10**-3;
+RD=(VL-Vz)/ID;
+disp('ohm',RD*1,"RD=");
+//a=R1/R2;
+a=(VL/(Vz+VBE2))-1;
+Ic2=Ic1;
+IB2=Ic2/B2;
+V2=Vz+VBE2;
+Vz=12;
+R1=(Vz-V2)/I1;
+disp('ohm',R1*1,"R1=");
+R2=R1/a;
+disp('ohm',R2*1,"R2=");
+hfe1=B1;
+IB1=(IL+I1+ID)/hfe1;
+I=IB1+Ic2;
+R3=(Vs-(VBE1+VL))/I;
+disp('Kohm',R3*10**-3,"R3=");
diff --git a/1658/CH34/EX34.18/Ex34_18.sce b/1658/CH34/EX34.18/Ex34_18.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b276365f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH34/EX34.18/Ex34_18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+clc;
+Vs=25;
+Vz=15;
+RL=1*10**3;
+VBE2=0.7;
+Vout=(Vz/2)+VBE2;
+disp('V',Vout*1,"Vout=");
+IL=Vout/RL;
+IE1=IL;
+disp('mA',IE1*10**3,"IE1=");
+Vce1=Vs-Vout;
+P1=Vce1*IE1;
+disp('mW',P1*10**3,"P1=");
diff --git a/1658/CH34/EX34.19/Ex34_19.sce b/1658/CH34/EX34.19/Ex34_19.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ab7f87983
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH34/EX34.19/Ex34_19.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+clc;
+IADJ=100*10**-6;
+Vin=35;
+VREF=1.25;
+R2=0;
+R1=220;
+Voutmin=VREF*(1+(R2/R1))+IADJ*R2;
+disp('V',Voutmin*1,"Voutmin=");
+R2=5000;
+Voutmax=VREF*(1+(R2/R1))+IADJ*R2;
+disp('V',Voutmax*1,"Voutmax=");
diff --git a/1658/CH34/EX34.2/Ex34_2.sce b/1658/CH34/EX34.2/Ex34_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..161b8ab7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH34/EX34.2/Ex34_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 34.2
+LR=1.4*10**-6;
+VS=10;
+//LR=VL/VS;
+VL=LR*VS
+disp('microV',VL*10**6,"VL=");
diff --git a/1658/CH34/EX34.20/Ex34_20.sce b/1658/CH34/EX34.20/Ex34_20.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6ba0960fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH34/EX34.20/Ex34_20.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+clc;
+R1=220;
+R2=1500;
+Vo=1.25*(1+(R2/R1));
+disp('V',Vo*1,"Vo=");//answer given in book is wrong
diff --git a/1658/CH34/EX34.21/Ex34_21.sce b/1658/CH34/EX34.21/Ex34_21.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3de341472
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH34/EX34.21/Ex34_21.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+clc;
+R1=240;
+R2=2.4*10**3;
+Vo=1.25*(1+(R2/R1));
+disp('V',Vo*1,"Vo=");
diff --git a/1658/CH34/EX34.3/Ex34_3.sce b/1658/CH34/EX34.3/Ex34_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d9144113a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH34/EX34.3/Ex34_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 34.3
+IL=40*10**-3;
+VNL=8;
+VFL=7.995;
+LR=(VNL-VFL)/IL;
+disp('microV/mA',LR*10**3,"LR=");
diff --git a/1658/CH34/EX34.4/Ex34_4.sce b/1658/CH34/EX34.4/Ex34_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..52ed3ac4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH34/EX34.4/Ex34_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 34.4
+VNL=5;
+IL=20*10**-3;
+LR=10*10**-6;
+//LR=(VNL-VFL)/IL;
+VFL=VNL-IL*LR;
+disp('V',VFL*1,"VFL=");
diff --git a/1658/CH34/EX34.5/Ex34_5.sce b/1658/CH34/EX34.5/Ex34_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6ce17f9c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH34/EX34.5/Ex34_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 34.5
+V0=10;
+R=0.00002
+VAR=V0*R;
+disp('mV',VAR*10**3,"VAR=");
diff --git a/1658/CH34/EX34.6/Ex34_6.sce b/1658/CH34/EX34.6/Ex34_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e30986a73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH34/EX34.6/Ex34_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 34.6
+vs=30;
+rs=240;
+vz=12;
+rl=500;
+vl=vz;
+disp('V',vl,"vl=");
+Is=(vs-vz)/rs
+Vd=Is*rs;
+disp('V',Vd*1,"Vd=");
+Iz=Is-(vl/rl)
+disp('A',Iz*1,"Iz=");
diff --git a/1658/CH34/EX34.7/Ex34_7.sce b/1658/CH34/EX34.7/Ex34_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2136ed5a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH34/EX34.7/Ex34_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 34.7
+Vz=5.1;
+rz=10;
+Izmin=1*10**-3;
+Izmax=15*10**-3;
+Rs=600;
+Vomin=Vz+Izmin*rz;
+disp('V',Vomin*1,"Vomin=");
+Vsmin=Izmin*Rs+Vomin;
+disp('V',Vsmin*1,"Vsmin=");
+Vomax=Vz+Izmax*rz;
+disp('V',Vomax*1,"Vomax=");
+Vsmax=Izmax*Rs+Vomax;
+disp('V',Vsmax*1,"Vsmax=");
diff --git a/1658/CH34/EX34.8/Ex34_8.sce b/1658/CH34/EX34.8/Ex34_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f8092ba2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH34/EX34.8/Ex34_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 34.8
+Vs=24;
+Rs=500;
+Vz=12;
+Izmin=3*10**-3;
+Izmax=90*10**-3;
+rz=0;
+Is=(Vs-Vz)/Rs;
+disp('mA',Is*10**3,"Is=");
+ILmax=Is-Izmin;
+disp('mA',ILmax*10**3,"ILmax=");
+RLmin=Vz/ILmax;
+disp('ohm',RLmin*1,"RLmin=");
diff --git a/1658/CH34/EX34.9/Ex34_9.sce b/1658/CH34/EX34.9/Ex34_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..304da45b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH34/EX34.9/Ex34_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 34.9
+Vsmin=22;
+Rs=1*10**3;
+Vz=10;
+RL=2*10**3;
+Vsmax=40;
+IL=Vz/RL;
+disp('mA',IL*10**3,"IL=");
+Izmax=((Vsmax-Vz)/Rs)-IL;
+disp('mA',Izmax*10**3,"Izmax=");
+Izmin=((Vsmin-Vz)/Rs)-IL;
+disp('mA',Izmin*10**3,"Izmin=");
diff --git a/1658/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce b/1658/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..efee7a474
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 5.1
+I0=2*10**-7;
+Vf=0.1;
+I=I0*(exp (40*Vf)-1);
+disp('uA',I*10**6,"I=");
diff --git a/1658/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce b/1658/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ece94b99f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+clc;
+VS=12;
+R=470;
+VD=0;
+disp(VD);
+VR=VS;
+disp('V',VR*1,"VR=");
+I=(VS/R);
+disp('mA',I*10**3,"I=");
diff --git a/1658/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce b/1658/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..69cf1bffc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+clc;
+VS=6;
+R1=330;
+R2=470;
+VD=0.7;
+RT=R1+R2;
+I=(VS-0.7)/RT;
+disp('mA',I*10**3,"I=");
diff --git a/1658/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce b/1658/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..31ce39ea3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+clc;
+VS=5;
+R=510;
+VF=0.7;
+VR=VS-0.7;
+disp('V',VR*1,"VR=");
+I=VR/R;
+disp('mA',I*10**3,"I=");
+
diff --git a/1658/CH5/EX5.13/Ex5_13.sce b/1658/CH5/EX5.13/Ex5_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..947c15655
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH5/EX5.13/Ex5_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+clc;
+VS=6;
+VD1=0.7;
+VD2=0.7;
+VR=1.5*10**3;
+I=(VS-VD1-VD2)/VR;
+disp('mA',I*10**3,"I=");
+
diff --git a/1658/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce b/1658/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..51ba8ca71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+clc;
+VS=12;
+R1=1.5*10**3;
+R2=1.8*10**3;
+VD1=0.7;
+VD2=0.7;
+I=(VS-VD1-VD2)/(R1+R2);
+disp('mA',I*10**3,"I=");
+
diff --git a/1658/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce b/1658/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4af94de0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+clc;
+V1=0;
+V2=0;
+VO=0;
+disp('V',VO*1,"VO=");
+V1=0;
+V2=5;
+VO=V2-0.7;
+disp('V',VO*1,"VO=");
+V1=5;
+V2=0;
+VO=V1-0.7;
+disp('V',VO*1,"VO=");
+V1=5;
+V2=5;
+VO=V2-0.7;
+disp('V',VO*1,"VO=");
diff --git a/1658/CH5/EX5.16/5_16.png b/1658/CH5/EX5.16/5_16.png
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9c1bb61c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH5/EX5.16/5_16.png
diff --git a/1658/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce b/1658/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8f4bc0feb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+clc;
+R=20*10**3;
+I=(R-0.7)/R;
+disp('mA',I*1,"I=");
+rj=50;
+rB=1;
+re=rB+rj;
+R1=(R*re)/(re+R);
+disp(R1);
+V=10*(re/(re+1000));
+disp('mV',V*1,"V=");
+i=0:0.01:6*%pi;
+plot(sin(i));
diff --git a/1658/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce b/1658/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d9486b20b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 5.2
+I0=1*10**-3;
+Vf=0.22;
+T=298;
+n=1
+VT=T/11600
+disp('mV',VT*10**3,"VT=");
+I=I0*(exp (Vf/(n*VT))-1);
+disp('A',I*1,"I=");
diff --git a/1658/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce b/1658/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..92f934056
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+clc;
+I1=0.5*10**-3;
+V1=340*10**-3;
+I2=15*10**-3;
+V2=440*10**-3;
+kTbyq=25*10**-3;
+a=V1/kTbyq;
+b=V2/kTbyq;
+//log(I1/I2)==log(exp((b-a)/n));
+n=(a-b)/(log(I1/I2));
+disp(n);
diff --git a/1658/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce b/1658/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f1f4d5e04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc;
+I300=10*10**-6;
+T1=300;
+T2=400;
+I400=I300*(2^((T2-T1)/10));
+disp('mA',I400*10**3,"I400=");
diff --git a/1658/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce b/1658/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f0ba1c322
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+clc;
+rB=2;
+IF=12*10**-3;
+VF=0.7+IF*rB;
+disp('V',VF*1,"VF=");
diff --git a/1658/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce b/1658/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d4dbd7a79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+clc;
+PD=0.5;
+VF=1;
+VBR=150;
+IF=(PD/VF);
+disp('A',IF*1,"IF=");
+IR=(PD/VBR);
+disp('mA',IR*10**3,"IR=");
diff --git a/1658/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce b/1658/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2d02b8bb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+clc;
+R=330;
+VS=5;
+VD=VS;
+disp('V',VD*1,"VD=VS=");
+VR=0;
+disp(VR,"VR=");
+I=0;
+disp(I,"I=");
diff --git a/1658/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce b/1658/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a367a28b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc;
+//ex7.01
+pzm=500*10**-3;
+vz=6.8;
+Izm=pzm/vz;
+disp('mA',Izm*10**3,"Izm=");
diff --git a/1658/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce b/1658/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c6c7fa3a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+clc;
+r=1*10**3;
+I=10*10**-3;
+V=30;
+//I=30/(R+r)
+R=(V/I)-r;//when dark
+disp('Kohm',R*10**-3,"R=");
+R=100*10**3;//when illuminated
+Id=(V/(r+R));
+disp('mA',Id*10**3,"Id=");
diff --git a/1658/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce b/1658/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a5178fed7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+clc;
+//pg no. 117
+pzm=500*10**-3;
+d=3.33*10**-3;
+a=75;
+b=50;
+Td=d*(a-b);
+disp('mW',Td*10**3,"Td=");
+pz=pzm-Td ;
+disp('mW',pz*10**3,"pz=");
diff --git a/1658/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce b/1658/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fcd9ece90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc;
+//pg n0 120
+IZ=10*10**-3;
+vz=0.05;
+rz=vz/IZ;
+disp('ohm',rz*1,"rz=");
diff --git a/1658/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce b/1658/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8b9ebf406
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc;
+Vz=4.7;
+rz=15;
+Iz=20*10**-3;
+VZ1= Vz+(rz*Iz);
+disp('V',VZ1*1,"VZ1=");
diff --git a/1658/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce b/1658/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ee040fae2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+clc;
+//e.g7.5
+C1=5*10**-12;//min
+C2=5*10**-12;//min
+L=10*10**-3;
+CT=(C1*C2)/(C1+C2);//CTmax
+disp('F',CT*1,"CT=");
+fo=1/(2*%pi*sqrt(L*CT));
+disp('MHZ',fo*10**-6,"fo=");
+C1=50*10**-12;//max
+C2=50*10**-12;//max
+CT=(C1*C2)/(C1+C2);//CTmin
+disp('F',CT*1,"CT=");
+fo=1/(2*%pi*sqrt(L*CT));
+disp('kHZ',fo*10**-3,"fo=");
diff --git a/1658/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce b/1658/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1205c442c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 7.6
+T=0.04*10**-6;
+f=1/T;
+disp('MHz',f*10**-6,"f=");
+disp('MHz',f*5*10**-6,"f=");//frequency of 5th harmonic
diff --git a/1658/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce b/1658/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..81ae5ed15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 7.7
+Vs=8;
+VDmin=1.8;
+VDmax=2;
+Ifmax=16*10**-3;
+Rs=(Vs-VDmin)/Ifmax;
+disp('ohm',Rs*1,"Rs=");
+Rsmax=(Vs-VDmax)/Ifmax;
+disp('ohm',Rsmax*1,"Rsmax=");
diff --git a/1658/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce b/1658/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a53452abb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 7.8
+VDmin=1.5;
+VDmax=2.3;
+Vs=10;
+R1=470;
+Imax=(Vs-VDmin)/R1;
+disp('mA',Imax*10**3,"Imax=");
+Imin=(Vs-VDmax)/R1;
+disp('mA',Imin*10**3,"Imin=")
diff --git a/1658/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce b/1658/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e17298027
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+clc;
+
+//e.g 7.9
+VDmin=1.8;
+VDmax=3;
+Vs1=24;
+Rs1=820;
+Vs2=5;
+Rs2=120;
+Imin=(Vs2-VDmax)/Rs2;
+disp('mA',Imin*10**3,"Imin=");
+Imax=(Vs1-VDmin)/Rs1;
+disp('mA',Imax*10**3,"Imax=");
+Imin=(Vs2-VDmax)/Rs2;
+disp('mA',Imin*10**3,"Imin=");
+Imax=(Vs2-VDmin)/Rs2;
+disp('mA',Imax*10**3,"Imax=");
diff --git a/1658/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce b/1658/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..89afa7f78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 8.1
+Ie=10*10**-3;
+Ic=9.8*10**-3;
+//Ie=Ib+Ic
+Ib=Ie-Ic;
+disp('mA',Ib*10**3,"Ib=");
diff --git a/1658/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce b/1658/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e7678e0f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 8.10
+Ie=12*10**-3;
+beta=140;
+Ib=Ie/(1+beta);
+disp('mA',Ib*10**3,"Ib=");
+Ic=Ie-Ib;
+disp('mA',Ic*10**3,"Ic=");
diff --git a/1658/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.sce b/1658/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d4ad701b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+clc;
+IB=105*10**-6;
+IC=2.05*10**-3;
+BETA=IC/IB;
+disp(BETA);
+ALPHA=BETA/(1+BETA);
+disp(ALPHA);
+IE=IC+IB;
+disp('mA',IE*10**3,"IE=");
+DELTA_IB=27*10**-6;
+DELTA_IC=0.65*10**-3;
+IBn=IB+DELTA_IB;
+ICn=IC+DELTA_IC;
+BETAn=ICn/IBn;
+disp(BETAn);
diff --git a/1658/CH8/EX8.12/Ex8_12.sce b/1658/CH8/EX8.12/Ex8_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cc6102f92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH8/EX8.12/Ex8_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 8.12
+alpha=0.98;
+Ico=5*10**-6;
+Ib=100*10**-6;
+Ic=((alpha*Ib)/(1-alpha))+(Ico/(1-alpha));
+disp('mA',Ic*10**3,"Ic=");
+Ie=Ib+Ic;
+disp('mA',Ie*10**3,"Ie=");
diff --git a/1658/CH8/EX8.13/Ex8_13.sce b/1658/CH8/EX8.13/Ex8_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ca2fe7af5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH8/EX8.13/Ex8_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 8.13
+Icbo=10*10**-6;
+beta=50;
+//Value of collector current when Ib=0.25*10**-3;
+ Ib=0.25*10**-3;
+ Ic=(beta*Ib)+(1+beta)*Icbo;
+ disp('mA',Ic*10**3,"Ic=");
+ //Value of new collector current if temperature rises to 50 degree
+ t1=27;
+ t2=50;
+ Icbo50=Icbo*2^((t2-t1)/10);
+ disp('microA',Icbo50*10**6,"Icbo50=");
+ //collector current at 50 degree
+ Ic=beta*Ib+(1+beta)*Icbo50;
+ disp('mA',Ic*10**3,"Ic=");
diff --git a/1658/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce b/1658/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..caed0fd0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 8.2
+Ie=6.28*10**-3;
+Ic=6.20*10**-3;
+a=Ic/Ie;
+disp(a);
diff --git a/1658/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce b/1658/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8066cd276
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+clc;
+//e.g8.3
+a=0.967;
+Ie=10*10**-3;
+Ic=Ie*a;//a=Ic/Ie
+disp('mA',Ic*10**3,"Ic=");
+Ib=Ie-Ic;
+disp('mA',Ib*10**3,"Ib=");
diff --git a/1658/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce b/1658/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f89d70b2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 8.4
+Ie=10*10**-3;
+alpha=0.987;
+Ic=Ie*alpha;//alpha=Ic/Ie
+disp('mA',Ic*10**3,"Ic=");
+Ib=Ie-Ic;
+disp('mA',Ib*10**3,"Ib=");
diff --git a/1658/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce b/1658/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..246340151
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 8.5
+alpha=0.975;
+beta=200;
+beta=(alpha/(1-alpha));
+disp(beta);
+alpha=(beta/(1+beta));
+disp(alpha);
diff --git a/1658/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce b/1658/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..76120fd0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 8.6
+BETA=100;
+IC=40*10**-3;
+IB=IC/BETA;
+IE=IC+IB;
+disp('mA',IE*10**3,"IE=");
diff --git a/1658/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce b/1658/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..21db1b1f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 8.7
+beta=150;
+Ie=10*10**-3;
+alpha=beta/(1+beta)
+Ic=alpha*Ie;//as alpha=(Ic/Ie)
+disp('mA',Ic*10**3,"Ic=");
+Ib=Ie-Ic;//as  Ie=Ib+Ic
+disp('mA',Ib*10**3,"Ib=");
diff --git a/1658/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce b/1658/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6515b05a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 8.8
+beta=170;
+Ic=80*10**-3;
+Ib=Ic/beta;//beta=(Ic/Ib)
+disp('mA',Ib*10**3,"Ib=");
+Ie=Ic+Ib;
+disp('mA',Ie*10**3,"Ie=");
diff --git a/1658/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce b/1658/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4d06ea645
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 8.9
+Ib=125*10**-6;
+beta=200;
+Ic=beta*Ib;
+disp('mA',Ic*10**3,"Ic=");
+Ie=Ib+Ic;
+disp('mA',Ie*10**3,"Ie=");
diff --git a/1658/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce b/1658/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8efe571e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1658/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+clc;
+//e.g 9.1
+Pdmax=500*10**-3;
+DF=2.28*10**-3;
+T=70;
+Pdmax70=Pdmax-DF*(T-25);
+disp('w',Pdmax70*1,"Pdmax70=");
author	priyanka	2015-06-24 15:03:17 +0530
committer	priyanka	2015-06-24 15:03:17 +0530
commit	b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b (patch)
tree	ab291cffc65280e58ac82470ba63fbcca7805165 /1658
download	Scilab-TBC-Uploads-b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b.tar.gz Scilab-TBC-Uploads-b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b.tar.bz2 Scilab-TBC-Uploads-b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b.zip