initial commit / add all books

21 files changed, 283 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/1616/CH2/EX2.1/ex2_1.sce b/1616/CH2/EX2.1/ex2_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e2d32c65a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1616/CH2/EX2.1/ex2_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//ex:.2.1 (a)to find transit time (b)frequency at which the transit time is 10% of the signal period (c)signal voltage on the other end
+l=0.1; //in meter
+v=2e8; //in m/sec
+tr=l/v; //in sec
+ disp('the value of Transit time is='+string(tr)+'sec');
+ T=10*tr;
+ f=1/T; //in Hz
+ disp('frequency='+string(f)+'Hz');
+ A=1;
+ vt=A*cos(%pi*2*f*(-tr));
+ disp('the instateneous value of voltage signal at t=0 is 1V and at t=-tr is='+string(vt)+'V');
+disp('The voltage at the other end of the line therefore is = 0V')
+
diff --git a/1616/CH2/EX2.10/ex2_10.sce b/1616/CH2/EX2.10/ex2_10.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e982846dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1616/CH2/EX2.10/ex2_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// ex2.10  from the previous problem find impedence at 50cm on either side
+yl=complex(0.05,10);
+cosha=cosh(yl);
+coshb=cosh(-yl);
+sinha=sinh(yl);
+sinhb=sinh(-yl);
+zo=50;
+zl=complex(100,50);
+za=zo*((zl*cosha+zo*sinha)/(zl*sinha+zo*cosha));
+zb=zo*((zl*coshb+zo*sinhb)/(zl*sinhb+zo*coshb));
+disp('impedence at +50cm is= '+string(za)+' ohm');
+disp('impedence at -50cm is= '+string(zb)+' ohm');
+
diff --git a/1616/CH2/EX2.11/ex2_11.sce b/1616/CH2/EX2.11/ex2_11.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4ea5e8565
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1616/CH2/EX2.11/ex2_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//ex2.11  find the value of R so that line is treated as lowloss line.
+l=0.25e-6;
+c=100e-12;
+g=0;
+f=100e6;
+w=2*%pi*f;
+b=w*sqrt(l*c);
+disp('The phase constant of the low-loss line is = '+string(b));
+a=b/100;
+r=a*sqrt(l/c)*2;
+disp('the value of resistance should be = '+string(r)+' ohm/m');
+
diff --git a/1616/CH2/EX2.12/ex2_12.sce b/1616/CH2/EX2.12/ex2_12.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1af72f71d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1616/CH2/EX2.12/ex2_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//ex2.12  to find max and min current and voltages.
+
+zl=complex(50,-100);
+z01=75;
+z0=50;
+Tl=(zl-z01)/(zl+z01);
+Tlabs=abs(Tl);
+Vmax=100;
+V=Vmax/(1+Tlabs);
+Imax=Vmax/z0;
+Imin=V*(1-Tlabs)/z0;
+Vmin=Imin*z0;
+disp('Maximum current Imax is = '+string(Imax)+' A.');
+disp('Minimum current Imin is = '+string(Imin)+' A.');
+disp('Minimum voltage Vmin is = '+string(Vmin)+' V.');
+disp('Maximum voltage will occurs when m = 0,1,2,3...');
+disp('Therefore the voltage maxima occurs at');
+disp('l = 0.4lamda, 0.9lamda, 1.4lamda...');
diff --git a/1616/CH2/EX2.13/ex2_13.sce b/1616/CH2/EX2.13/ex2_13.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..734f1ddca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1616/CH2/EX2.13/ex2_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//to find VSWR and max and min resistance 
+r=100;
+c=1e-9;
+f=2e6;
+w=2*%pi*f;
+zl=r/(1+(w*%i*r*c));//(r*(1/%i*w*c))/(r+(1/%i*w*c));
+zo=50;
+tl=(zl-zo)/(zl+zo);
+Tl=abs(tl);
+VSWR=(1+Tl)/(1-Tl);
+disp('The VSWR = '+string(VSWR));
+rmax=VSWR*zo;
+rmin=zo/VSWR;
+disp('maximum resistance on line is = '+string(rmax)+' kohm','minimum resistance on line is = '+string(rmin)+' kohm');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1616/CH2/EX2.14/ex2_14.sce b/1616/CH2/EX2.14/ex2_14.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..debec0db2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1616/CH2/EX2.14/ex2_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//ex2.14  find the power delivered to the load and the peak voltage at the load-end of the line
+
+ZL=50;
+Z0=50+%i*50;
+Tl=(ZL-Z0)/(ZL+Z0);
+VSWR=(1+abs(Tl))/(1-abs(Tl));
+disp('VSWR = '+string(VSWR));
+vmax=50;
+PL=0.5*vmax^2/(VSWR*real(Z0));
+RL=50;
+VL=sqrt(PL*RL*2);
+disp('Peak voltage at the load = '+string(VL)+' V','Power delivered to the load = '+string(PL)+' W');
diff --git a/1616/CH2/EX2.15/ex2_15.sce b/1616/CH2/EX2.15/ex2_15.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1439edace
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1616/CH2/EX2.15/ex2_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//ex2.15   find the power delivered to the load. 
+
+Vs=10;
+Zs=50;
+v=2e8;
+f=150e6;
+lamda=v/f;
+b=2*%pi/lamda;
+l=2.5;
+bl=b*l;
+ZL=50;
+Z0=50;
+ZLdash=Z0*((ZL*cos(bl)+%i*Z0*sin(bl))/((Z0*cos(bl)+%i*ZL*sin(bl))));
+a=abs(Vs/(ZLdash+Zs))^2;
+R=50;
+PL=R*a;
+disp('The power delivered to the load is = '+string(PL)+' W');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1616/CH2/EX2.16/ex2_16.sce b/1616/CH2/EX2.16/ex2_16.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ce542fcfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1616/CH2/EX2.16/ex2_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//ex2.16  find (i)The refletion coefficient at the load-end  (ii)reflection coefficient at a distanceof 0.2lamda from the load-end  (iii)impedence at a distance of 0.2lamda from the load-end
+
+Z0=300;
+Y0=1/Z0;
+YL=0.01+%i*0.02;
+//reflection coefficient at load-end
+Tl=(Y0-YL)/(Y0+YL);
+
+//reflection coefficient at a distance of 0.2lamda towards the generator
+Tl2=Tl*exp(-%i*2*2*%pi*0.2);
+
+//impedence at location 0.2lamda on the line
+Z=Z0*(1+Tl2)/(1-Tl2);
+
+disp('Impedence at location 0.2lamda on the line is = '+string(Z)+' ohm','reflection coefficient at a distance of 0.2lamda towards the generator is = '+string(Tl2)+'','reflection coefficient at load-end is = '+string(Tl));
diff --git a/1616/CH2/EX2.17/ex2_17.sce b/1616/CH2/EX2.17/ex2_17.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0e0c345e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1616/CH2/EX2.17/ex2_17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//ex2.17 find the impedence at a distance of 0.2lamda from the junction and VSWR
+
+bl1=0.6*%pi;
+bl2=0.4*%pi;
+Z0=50;
+ZL=75;
+Z2=Z0*(ZL*cos(bl1)+%i*Z0*sin(bl1))/(Z0*cos(bl1)+%i*ZL*sin(bl1));
+Z1=50;
+Z=Z1*Z2/(Z1+Z2);
+Zl2=Z0*(Z*cos(bl2)+%i*50*sin(bl2))/(50*cos(bl2)+%i*Z*sin(bl2));
+T=abs((Z-Z0)/(Z+Z0));
+VSWR=(1+T)/(1-T);
+disp('VSWR on the line is = '+string(VSWR)+'','the impedence at a distance of 0.2lamda from the junction is = '+string(Zl2)+' ohm');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1616/CH2/EX2.2/ex2_2.sce b/1616/CH2/EX2.2/ex2_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7fd59abdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1616/CH2/EX2.2/ex2_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//ex 2.2  to find complex propogation const at (a)1MHz (b)1GHz
+r=0.1; //in ohm
+l=0.2e-6; //in henry
+c=10e-12; //in farad
+g=0.02; //in mho
+f1=1e6;
+w1=2*%pi*f1;
+k1=sqrt((r+%i*w1*l)*(g+%i*w1*c));
+disp('propogation const at F=1MHz is='+string(k1)+'/m');
+f2=1e9;
+w2=2*%pi*f2;
+k2=sqrt((r+%i*w2*l)*(g+%i*w2*c));
+disp('propogation const at F=1GHz is='+string(k2)+'/m');
diff --git a/1616/CH2/EX2.22/ex2_22.sce b/1616/CH2/EX2.22/ex2_22.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..48119fe7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1616/CH2/EX2.22/ex2_22.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//ex2.22    Design the transmission line section as areactive element
+
+f=6e9;
+w=2*%pi*f;
+L=0.01e-6;
+X=w*L;
+Z0=150;
+lamda=4.0;
+b=2*%pi/lamda;
+loc=(1/b)*acot(-X/Z0);       //length of the line
+disp('The reactance to be realized is '+string(X)+' ohm');
+disp('The length of the line therefore is = '+string(loc)+' cm');
+
diff --git a/1616/CH2/EX2.23/ex2_23.sce b/1616/CH2/EX2.23/ex2_23.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d7bfc0fcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1616/CH2/EX2.23/ex2_23.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//ex2.23    fnd the input impedence of the line, its quality factor and the 3 dB bandwidth of the resonant circuit
+
+v=2e8;
+f=1e9;
+lamda=v/f;
+b=2*%pi/lamda;
+alpha=0.173;       //nepers/m  the loss of the line
+Q=b/(2*alpha);
+f0=1e9;
+BW=f0/Q;
+Z0=75;
+Zin=Z0*alpha;
+disp('where l is the length','The 3dB bandwidth is = '+string(BW)+' Hz','The input impedence of the line is = '+string(Zin)+'l  ohm');
+
diff --git a/1616/CH2/EX2.24/ex2_24.sce b/1616/CH2/EX2.24/ex2_24.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..36625a9ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1616/CH2/EX2.24/ex2_24.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//ex2.24    find the suitable matching transformer
+
+Z01=50;
+Z02=100;
+Z0x=sqrt(Z01*Z02);
+disp('the characteristic impedence of the transformer section is = '+string(Z0x)+' ohm');
+disp('The length of the transformer should be odd multiples of  lamda/4.');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1616/CH2/EX2.3/ex2_3.sce b/1616/CH2/EX2.3/ex2_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..640060a1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1616/CH2/EX2.3/ex2_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//to find the phase of the wave at x=50cm and t=1micro.sec
+f=1e9;
+w=2*%pi*f;
+r=0.5;
+l=0.2e-6;
+g=0.1;
+c=100e-12;
+k=sqrt((r+%i*w*l)*(g+%i*w*c));
+b=imag(k);
+ph=30*3.142*2/180;
+t=1e-6;
+x=0.5; //in metre
+phOfWave=ph+w*t-b*x;
+indegree=phOfWave*180/%pi;
+disp('Phase of wave ='+string(phOfWave)+'rad');
+disp('and in degree = '+string(indegree)+' degree');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1616/CH2/EX2.4/ex2_4.sce b/1616/CH2/EX2.4/ex2_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..07c70ec1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1616/CH2/EX2.4/ex2_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//ex2.4  from the previous ex.calculate attenuation const. and peak voltage
+y=complex(2.23,28.2);
+a=real(y);
+x1=0;
+t1=0;
+vt=8.66;
+o=%pi/6;
+disp('At x=0 and t=0, it is given that vt = 8.66 V.');
+V=vt/cosd(30);
+
+x2=1;
+t=100e-9;
+f=1e9;
+w=2*%pi*f;
+B=imag(y);
+vt1=10*exp(-a*x2)*cos(o+w*t-B*x);
+disp('The instantaneous voltage at x= 1m and t =100nsec is = '+string(vt1)+' V');
+pv=V*exp(-a*x2);
+disp('the peak voltage at x = 1m is = '+string(pv)+' V');
+
diff --git a/1616/CH2/EX2.5/ex2_5.sce b/1616/CH2/EX2.5/ex2_5.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..34289df0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1616/CH2/EX2.5/ex2_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//ex2.5   from the previous problem find instantaneous voltage in -X direction
+
+
+//at x=0 and t=0 v(t)=8.66V
+vt=8.66;
+o=30*3.142/180;
+V=vt/cos(o);
+//at x=1 and t=100nSec
+w=2e9*%pi;
+t=100e-9;
+b=28.2;
+x=1;
+a=2.23;
+vt1=V*exp(a*x)*cos(o+w*t+b*x);
+disp('the votage at x=1m & t=100nsec is= '+string(vt1)+'V');
+
diff --git a/1616/CH2/EX2.6/ex2_6.sce b/1616/CH2/EX2.6/ex2_6.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2ca8ab6b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1616/CH2/EX2.6/ex2_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//ex2.6  to find characteristic impedence at 2GHz
+f=2e9;
+w=2*%pi*f;
+r=0.1;
+l=0.01e-6;
+c=100e-12;
+g=0.01;
+z=sqrt((r+%i*w*l)/(g+%i*w*c));
+disp('characteristic impedence Z0 is= '+string(z)+'ohm');
diff --git a/1616/CH2/EX2.7/ex2_7.sce b/1616/CH2/EX2.7/ex2_7.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e4861ae2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1616/CH2/EX2.7/ex2_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//ex2.7  from the previous problem find instantaneous voltage and current at x=50cm and t=1nsec & peak voltage and current at x=1m
+f=2e9;
+w=2*%pi*f;
+x=0.5;
+t=1e-9;
+// at x=0 t=0 v(t)=2V 
+Vpositive=2;
+// at 0=60,x=0,t=0 
+Vnegative=1;
+o=%pi/3;
+k=sqrt((0.1+%i*w*0.01e-6)*(0.01+%i*w*1e-10));
+a=real(k);
+b=imag(k);
+v=Vpositive*exp(%i*0)*exp(-a*x)*exp(%i*(w*t-b*x))+Vnegative*exp(%i*o)*exp(a*x)*exp(%i*(w*t+b*x));
+V=real(v);
+disp('Therefore, at x= 50c and t=10nsec , we get');
+disp('instantaneous value of voltage is= '+string(V)+'V');
+zo=complex(10,0.0358);
+i=real(Vpositive*exp(0)*exp(-a*x)*exp(%i*(w*t-b*x))/zo-Vnegative*exp(%i*o)*exp(a*x)*exp(%i*(w*t+b*x))/zo);
+disp('instantaneous value of current is= '+string(i)+'A');
diff --git a/1616/CH2/EX2.8/ex2_8.sce b/1616/CH2/EX2.8/ex2_8.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eaca06e50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1616/CH2/EX2.8/ex2_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//ex2.8  in the previous problem find the reflectioon coefficient at load end and at 20cm from the load
+zo=complex(10,0.0358);
+zl=complex(10,20);
+Tl=(zl-zo)/(zl+zo);
+disp('reflection coefficient at load-end is= '+string(Tl));
+k=complex(0.055,12.566);
+l=0.2;
+Tl2=Tl*exp(-2*k*l);
+disp('reflection coefficient at 20cm is= '+string(Tl2));
diff --git a/1616/CH2/EX2.9/ex2_9.sce b/1616/CH2/EX2.9/ex2_9.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4c8b7dab4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1616/CH2/EX2.9/ex2_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//ex2.9  find the impedence at a distance of 1.5m
+k=complex(0.1,10);
+zo=complex(50,5);
+zl=complex(100,-30);
+coshl=cosh(k*1.5);
+sinhl=sinh(k*1.5);
+z=zo*((zl*coshl+zo*sinhl)/(zl*sinhl+zo*coshl));
+disp('impedence Z(l) at 1.5m from load is= '+string(z)+' ohm');
+
diff --git a/1616/CH3/EX3.12/ex3_12.sce b/1616/CH3/EX3.12/ex3_12.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b5f7fc815
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1616/CH3/EX3.12/ex3_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//ex3.12   find the electric field and its direction just above the surface.
+
+theta=60;           //degree
+Et1=10*cosd(theta);
+En1=5*sind(theta);
+Et2=Et1;
+En2=4*En1;
+E2=sqrt(Et2^2+En2^2);
+angle=atand(En2/Et2);
+disp('the electric field is = '+string(E2)+' V/m','angle above the surface is = '+string(angle)+' degree');
\ No newline at end of file