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12 files changed, 279 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/1445/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/1445/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce
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@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//CHAPTER 4- MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
+//Example 1
+
+disp("CHAPTER 4");
+disp("EXAMPLE 1");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+N=10;          //number of turns
+I=5;           //in amperes
+B=500;         //flux density in Wb/m^2
+ar=15/10000;   //area in m^2
+
+//SOLUTION
+T_d=N*B*I*ar;
+disp(sprintf("The deflecting torque exerted on the coil is %.3f N-m",T_d));
+
+//END
+
+
+
diff --git a/1445/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce b/1445/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b60ae7828
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+++ b/1445/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//CHAPTER 4- MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
+//Example 10
+
+disp("CHAPTER 4");
+disp("EXAMPLE 10");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+r1=2;                 //in Ohms (r1=2 is an assumption)
+r2=2;                 //in Ohms (since r1=r2)
+v=100;                //in Volts
+
+//SOLUTION
+v1=(v*r1)/(r1+r2);    //voltage divider law
+v2=(v*r2)/(r1+r2);    //voltage divider law
+disp(sprintf("Reading of the 1st voltmeter is %d V",v1));
+disp(sprintf("Reading of the 2nd voltmeter is %d V",v2));
+
+//END
+
diff --git a/1445/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce b/1445/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c52886b03
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+++ b/1445/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//CHAPTER 4- MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
+//Example 11
+
+disp("CHAPTER 4");
+disp("EXAMPLE 11");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+r1=30000;              //in Ohms
+r2=20000;              //in Ohms
+v=600;                 //in Volts
+
+//SOLUTION
+v1=(r1*v)/(r1+r2);     //voltage divider law
+v2=(r2*v)/(r1+r2);     //voltage divider law
+disp(sprintf("Reading of the 1st voltmeter is %d V",v1)); 
+disp(sprintf("Reading of the 2nd voltmeter is %d V",v2));
+
+//END
+
+
+
diff --git a/1445/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce b/1445/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4b5b1249e
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+++ b/1445/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//CHAPTER 4- MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
+//Example 12
+
+disp("CHAPTER 4");
+disp("EXAMPLE 12");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+I1=1;               //full scale current in 1st ammeter in mA
+I2=10;              //full scale current in 2nd ammeter in mA
+r1=100;             //internal resistance of 1st ammeter in Ohms
+r2=25;              //internal resistance of 2nd ammeter in Ohms
+
+//SOLUTION
+R1=r2/(r1+r2);      //resistance for 1st ammeter 
+R2=r1/(r1+r2);      //resistance for 2nd ammeter
+I=I1/R1;            //by current divider law I1=(I*r2)/(r1+r2) =>I1=I*R1 =>I=I1/R1 
+A2=I*R2;            //A2=reading of second ammeter
+disp(sprintf("The total current that the two ammeters can carry is %d mA",I));
+
+//END
+
+
diff --git a/1445/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce b/1445/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..701df6ff4
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+++ b/1445/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//CHAPTER 4- MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
+//Example 2
+
+disp("CHAPTER 4");
+disp("EXAMPLE 2");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+G=10;        //galvanometer resistance in Ohms
+S=1;         //shunt resistance in Ohms
+r=12;        //total resistance in Ohms
+emf=2;       //emf of cell in Volts
+
+//SOLUTION
+I=emf/r;     //current in the circuit
+I_g=(S*I)/(S+G);
+disp(sprintf("The current through the galvanometer is %.3f A",I_g));
+
+//END
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/1445/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce b/1445/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b66ea829a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//CHAPTER 4- MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
+//Example 3
+
+disp("CHAPTER 4");
+disp("EXAMPLE 3");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+I=1;               //in Amperes (I=1 is an assumption) 
+I_g=I/100;         //in Amperes 
+G=2970;            //in Ohms
+ 
+//SOLUTION
+S=(G*I_g)/(I-I_g); //since I_g=(S*I)/(S+G);
+
+disp(sprintf("The wire should have a resistance of %.0f Ω",S));
+
+//END
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/1445/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce b/1445/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..67b16af41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+//CHAPTER 4- MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
+//Example 4
+
+disp("CHAPTER 4");
+disp("EXAMPLE 4");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+r_A=10;                      //in Ohms
+I_A=15/1000;                 //from mA to A
+I=100;                       //in A
+V=500;                       //in Volts
+
+//SOLUTION
+
+//solution (a)
+R_sh=r_A/((I/I_A)-1);        //(I/I_A) is the multiplying factor of the shunt
+
+disp(sprintf("The required shunt resistance is %.2f Ω",R_sh));
+
+//solutuion (b)
+r=V/I_A;                     //total resistance required                  
+R_se=r-r_A;
+disp(sprintf("The required resistance to be added in series is %.3f Ω",R_se));
+
+//END
+
+
+
diff --git a/1445/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce b/1445/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..92c7bc1cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+//CHAPTER 4- MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
+//Example 5
+
+disp("CHAPTER 4");
+disp("EXAMPLE 5");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+m_c=100;                  //meter constant in rev/kWh
+I=20;                     //load current in Amperes
+v=230;                    //supply voltage in Volts
+pow_fact=0.8;
+rev_act=360;              //actual number of revolutions
+
+//SOLUTION
+E=(v*I*pow_fact)/1000;    //'E' is energy consumed in one hour in kWh
+rev=m_c*E;                //number of revolutions for true energy
+disp(sprintf("The number of revolutions made by the meter is %.0f",rev));
+err=(rev_act-rev)/rev;    //error
+err=err*100;              //percentage error
+disp(sprintf("The percentage error is %.2f %%",err));
+if(err<0) then
+disp("The negative sign indicates that the meter will run slow");
+end
+
+//END
+
diff --git a/1445/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce b/1445/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..73dca4c0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//CHAPTER 4- MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
+//Example 6
+
+disp("CHAPTER 4");
+disp("EXAMPLE 6");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+I_m=20/1000;        //full scale deflection in Amperes
+v_m=50/1000;        //applied potential difference in Volts
+v=500;              //in Volts
+
+//SOLUTION
+r_m=v_m/I_m;        //resistance of moving-coil instrument
+r_s=(v/I_m)-r_m;
+disp(sprintf("The series resistance to measure 500 V on full scale is %.2f Ω",r_s));
+
+//END
diff --git a/1445/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce b/1445/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9dc6529ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//CHAPTER 4- MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
+//Example 7
+
+disp("CHAPTER 4");
+disp("EXAMPLE 7");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+m_c=100;                //meter constant in rev/kwh               
+I=20;                   //in Amperes
+v=210;                  //in Volts
+pow_fact=0.8;           //leading
+rev_act=350;            //actual revolution
+
+//SOLUTION
+E=(v*I*pow_fact)/1000;  //from Wh to kWh
+rev_true=m_c*E;
+disp(sprintf("The number of revolutions made by the meter is %.0f",rev_true));
+err=(rev_act-rev_true)/rev_true;
+err=err*100;             //percentage error
+disp(sprintf("The percentage error is %.2f %%",err));
+if(err<0) then
+disp("The negative sign indicates that the meter will run slow");
+end
+
+//END
+
+
diff --git a/1445/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce b/1445/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d298ccbd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//CHAPTER 4- MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
+//Example 8
+
+disp("CHAPTER 4");
+disp("EXAMPLE 8");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+I_m=15/1000;         //from mA to A
+r_m=5;               //in Ohms
+I=2;                 //in Amperes
+v=30;                //in Volts
+
+//SOLUTION
+R_sh=(I_m*r_m)/I;    //I_m=I*(R_sh/(R_sh+r_m)) if R_sh<<5Ω, then I_m=I*(R_sh/r_m) neglecting R_sh in the denominator
+disp(sprintf("In order to read upto 2A, a shunt of %.2f Ω has to be connected in parallel",R_sh));
+
+R_se=(v-(I_m*r_m))/I_m;
+disp(sprintf("In order to read upto 30V, a resistance of %.2f Ω has to be connected in series",R_se));
+
+//END
+
+
diff --git a/1445/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce b/1445/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..037cea75c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+//CHAPTER 4- MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
+//Example 9
+
+disp("CHAPTER 4");
+disp("EXAMPLE 9");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+I=50;                     //in Amperes
+v=230;                    //in Volts
+rev=61;                   //revolutions
+t=37/3600;                //from seconds to hours
+m_c=500;                  //meter constant in rev/kwh
+pow_fact=1;               //since load is purely resistive
+
+//SOLUTION
+E1=(v*I*t*pow_fact)/1000; //energy consumed in 37 seconds in kWh
+E2=rev/m_c;               //energy consumption registered by meter
+err=(E2-E1)/E1;
+err=err*100;              //percentage error
+disp(sprintf("The percentage error is %.2f %%",err));
+if(err<0) then
+disp("The negative sign indicates that the meter will run slow");
+end
+
+//END
+
+
+