initial commit / add all books

23 files changed, 326 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/1427/CH1/EX1.1/1_1.sce b/1427/CH1/EX1.1/1_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..62d60c10d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH1/EX1.1/1_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//ques-1.1

+//Calculating grams of Ferrous Sulphate required per litre

+clc

+hard=210.5;//hardness given (in ppm)

+m1=56;//Molar mass of Fe (in g)

+m2=32;//Molar mass of S (in g)

+m3=16;//Molar mass of O (in g)

+m4=40;//Molar mass of Ca (in g)

+m5=12;//Molar mass of C (in g)

+M1=m1+m2+4*m3;//Molar mass of Ferrous sulphate (in g)

+M2=m4+m5+3*m3;//Molar mass of Calcium carbonate (in g)

+//M2 ppm of hardness = M1 ppm of Ferrous sulphate

+amount=(M1/M2)*hard;//amount of Ferrous sulphate required (in ppm)

+printf("The amount of Ferrous sulphate required is %.5f g.",amount/1000);

diff --git a/1427/CH1/EX1.10/1_10.sce b/1427/CH1/EX1.10/1_10.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..105b74f33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH1/EX1.10/1_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//ques-1.10

+//Calculating Total hardness and Alkalinity and Lime and Soda required for softening hard water

+clc

+A=30;//content of Calcium cation (in mg/L)

+B=18;//content of Magnesium cation (in mg/L)

+C=11;//content of Co2 (in mg/L)

+D=122;//content of Hydrogen carbonate anion (in mg/L)

+a1=(A/40)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of A (in mg/L)

+a2=(B/24)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of A (in mg/L)

+a3=(C/44)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of A (in mg/L)

+a4=(D/122)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of A (in mg/L)

+total=a1+a2;//total hardness (in ppm)

+alk=a4-a3;//alkalinity (in ppm)

+lime=(a2+a3+a4)*(74/100);//lime required (in ppm)

+soda=(a1+a2-a4)*(106/100);//soda required (in ppm)

+printf("Total Hardness of sample is %d ppm and alkalinity present is %d ppm.\n",total,alk);

+printf(" Lime required to soften given water sample is %d ppm and Soda required is %d ppm.",lime,soda);

diff --git a/1427/CH1/EX1.11/1_11.sce b/1427/CH1/EX1.11/1_11.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b5c2d1dc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH1/EX1.11/1_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//ques-1.11

+//Calculating hardness of given water sample

+clc

+V=100;//volume of water sample (in mL)

+v=12.5;//volume of Magnesium sulphate (in mL)

+N=0.08;//normality of Magnesium sulphate

+h=(v*N)*50;//hardness in 100mL

+h=h*(1000/V);//hardness in 1L

+printf("Hardness of given water sample is %d ppm.",h);

diff --git a/1427/CH1/EX1.12/1_12.sce b/1427/CH1/EX1.12/1_12.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0fef3bc4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH1/EX1.12/1_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+//ques-1.12

+//Calculating amount of lime and soda required for softening hard water

+clc

+V=2000;//volume of water given (in L)

+

+//Raw water

+A=160;//content of Ca cation (in mg/L)

+B=72;//content of Mg cation (in mg/L)

+C=732;//content of Hydrogen carbonate anion (in mg/L)

+D=30;//content of CO2 (in mg/L)

+a1=(A/40)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of A (in ppm)

+a2=(B/24)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of B (in ppm)

+a3=(C/122)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of C (in ppm)

+a4=(D/44)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of D (in ppm)

+

+//Treated water

+E=30;//content of Carbonate anion (in mg/L)

+F=17;//content of Hydroxide anion (in mg/L)

+a5=(E/60)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of E (in ppm)

+a6=(F/34)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of F (in ppm)

+

+lime=(a2+a3+a4+a6)*(74/100)*V;//lime required (in mg)

+soda=(a1+a2-a3+a5)*(106/100)*V;//soda required (in mg)

+printf("Lime required for softening of hard water is %.4f kg and Soda required is %.3f kg.",lime/1000000,soda/1000000);

diff --git a/1427/CH1/EX1.13/1_13.sce b/1427/CH1/EX1.13/1_13.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..98f2ce6e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH1/EX1.13/1_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+//ques-1.13

+//Calculating amount of lime and soda and NaCl required

+clc

+p1=80;//Purity percentage of lime

+p2=90;//Purity percentage of soda

+V1=1000000;//volume of water for lime and soda calculation

+V2=10000;//volume of water for zeolite softener

+

+//Raw treatement

+A=300;//content of Ca cation (in ppm)

+B=150;//content of Mg cation (in ppm)

+C=244;//content of Hydrogen carbonate anion (in ppm)

+D=60;//content of CO2 (in ppm)

+E=41;//content of NaAlO2 (in ppm)

+a1=(A/40)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of A (in ppm)

+a2=(B/24)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of B (in ppm)

+a3=(C/122)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of C (in ppm)

+a4=(D/44)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of D (in ppm)

+a5=(E/164)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of E (in ppm)

+

+//Treated water

+F=65;//content of Hydroxide anion (in ppm)

+G=40;//content of Carbonate anion (in ppm)

+a6=(F/34)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of F (in ppm)

+a7=(G/60)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of G (in ppm)

+

+lime=(a2+a3+a4+a5+a6)*(74/100)*V1*(100/p1);//lime required (in mg)

+soda=(a1+a2-a3+a5+a6+a7)*(106/100)*V1*(100/p2);//soda required (in mg)

+printf("Lime required for softening 1 million litre of hard water is %d kg and Soda required is %d kg.\n",lime/1000000,soda/1000000);

+

+h=(a1+a2)*V2;//hardness of 10000L of water

+//50g of CaCO3 = 58.5g of NaCl

+n=(58.5/50)*h;//NaCl required (in g)

+printf(" Amount of NaCl required is %.3f kg.",n/1000000);

diff --git a/1427/CH1/EX1.14/1_14.sce b/1427/CH1/EX1.14/1_14.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..470b11f10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH1/EX1.14/1_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//ques-1.14

+//Calculating Hardness of water sample

+clc

+V=100;//volume of water sample (in mL)

+v=12;//volume of HCl neutralized

+N=0.12;//normality of HCl

+h=(v*N)*(1000/V)*50;//hardness

+printf("The hardness is temporary with value %.0f ppm.",h);

diff --git a/1427/CH1/EX1.15/1_15.sce b/1427/CH1/EX1.15/1_15.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..480e4c4e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH1/EX1.15/1_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//ques-1.15

+//Calculating hardness of water sample

+clc

+V=100;//volume of water (in mL)

+v1=25;//volume of Sodium carbonate added (in mL)

+v2=10;//volume of Sulphuric acid required (in mL)

+N=1/50;//normality of Sodium carbonate and Sulphuric acid

+h=(v1-v2)*N*(1000/V)*50;//hardness

+printf("The hardness is permanent with value %d ppm.",h);

diff --git a/1427/CH1/EX1.16/1_16.sce b/1427/CH1/EX1.16/1_16.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..77adb7baa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH1/EX1.16/1_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//ques-1.16

+//Calculating degree of Total and Permanent and Temporary Hardness

+clc

+V=50;//volume of water sample (in mL)

+v1=15;//volume of EDTA used before boiling (in mL)

+v2=5;//volume of EDTA used after boiling (in mL)

+M=0.01;//Molarity of EDTA

+total=v1*M*(1000/V)*50*2;//Total hardness (in ppm)

+perm=v2*M*(1000/V)*50*2;//Permanent hardness (in ppm)

+temp=total-perm;//Temporary hardness (in ppm)

+printf("Total hardness is %d ppm, Permanent hardness is %d ppm and Temporary hardness is %d ppm.",total,perm,temp);

diff --git a/1427/CH1/EX1.17/1_17.sce b/1427/CH1/EX1.17/1_17.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..17700603d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH1/EX1.17/1_17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//ques-1.17

+//Calculating Hardness of solution

+clc

+m=0.5//mass of CaCO3 eq (in g)

+v1=48;//volume of EDTA used for titration (in mL)

+v2=15;//volume of EDTA used before boiling (in mL)

+v3=10;//volume of EDTA used after boiling (in mL)

+V=50;//volume of hard water used (in mL)

+//500mL SHW = 500mg of CaCO3 eq

+//48mL EDTA = 50mg CaCO3 eq

+c=50/48;//CaCO3 eq for 1mL EDTA solution (in mg)

+total=v2*c*(1000/V);//total hardness (in ppm)

+nc=v3*c*(1000/V);//non-carbonate hardness (in ppm)

+c=total-nc;//carbonate hardness (in ppm)

+printf("Non-carbonate hardness in given water sample is %.1f ppm and Carbonate hardness is %.1f ppm.",nc,c);

diff --git a/1427/CH1/EX1.18/1_18.sce b/1427/CH1/EX1.18/1_18.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d150becd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH1/EX1.18/1_18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//ques-1.18

+//Calculating Hardness of a sample of water

+clc

+V=50000;//volume of water sample (in L)

+v=200;//volume of NaCl used (in L)

+s=125;//strength of NaCl used (in g/L)

+h=v*s*(50/58.5)*(1000/V);//hardness (in ppm)

+printf("Hardness of given sample is %.1f ppm.",h);

diff --git a/1427/CH1/EX1.19/1_19.sce b/1427/CH1/EX1.19/1_19.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d1f428b20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH1/EX1.19/1_19.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//ques-1.19

+//Calculating Total and Permanent and Temporary hardness

+clc

+V=50;//volume of water sample (in mL)

+v1=15.5;//total hardness volume (in mL)

+v2=12.5;//permanent hardness volume (in mL)

+v3=40.5;//standard hard water

+l=0.5;//lather factor (in mL)

+g=0.2;//mass of CaCO3 dissolved (in g/L)

+

+//1L SHW = 200mg CaCO3 eq

+//50mL SHW = 20mg CaCO3 eq = (40.5-0.5)mL Soap solution

+//1mL soap solution = 0.5mg CaCO3 eq

+

+total=(v1-l)*(1000/V)*0.5;//total hardness (in ppm)

+perm=(v2-l)*(1000/V)*0.5;//permanent hardness (in ppm)

+temp=total-perm;//temporary hardness (in ppm)

+printf("Total hardness of given sample is %d ppm , Permanent hardness is %d ppm and Temporary hardness is %d ppm.",total,perm,temp);

diff --git a/1427/CH1/EX1.2/1_2.sce b/1427/CH1/EX1.2/1_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c6bc0b47a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH1/EX1.2/1_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//ques-1.2

+//Calculating hardness in three samples

+clc

+A=168;//mass of MgCO3/L (in mg)

+B1=820;//mass of Calcium Nitrate (in mg)

+B2=2;//mass of Si/L (in mg)

+C1=20;//mass of Potassium nitrate/500mL (in g)

+C2=2;//mass of CaCO3/500mL (in g)

+m1=(A/84)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of A (in mg/L)

+m2=(B1/164)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of B1 (in mg/L)

+m3=2*(1000/500)*1000*(100/100);//CaCO3 equivalent of C1 (in mg/L)

+printf("The hardness of sample A, B and C in ppm are %d, %d and %d\n",m1,m2,m3);

+//1 ppm = 0.07 grains/gallon

+printf(" and hardness in grains/gallon are %d, %d and %d respectively.",m1*0.07,m2*0.07,m3*0.07);

diff --git a/1427/CH1/EX1.20/1_20.sce b/1427/CH1/EX1.20/1_20.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6bd6dc9d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH1/EX1.20/1_20.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//ques-1.20

+//Calculate extent of alkalinity

+clc

+V=100;//volume of water sample (in mL)

+N=1/50;//normality of HCl

+v1=8;//volume of acid required to phenolphthalein end-point (in mL)

+v2=9;//volume of acid required to methyl orange end-point (in mL)

+P=v1*N*(1000/V)*50;//strength of alkanlinity upto phenolphthalein end-point (in ppm)

+M=v2*N*(1000/V)*50;//strength of alkanlinity upto methyl orange end-point (in ppm)

+//P > M/2

+printf("Alkalinity due to Carbonate anions is %.0f ppm and due to Hydroxide anions is %d ppm.",2*(M-P),2*P-M);

diff --git a/1427/CH1/EX1.21/1_21.sce b/1427/CH1/EX1.21/1_21.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7073037f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH1/EX1.21/1_21.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//ques-1.21

+//Determining type and amount of alkalinity

+clc

+V=100;//volume of water sample (in mL)

+v1=4;//volume of acid required to phenolphthalein end-point (in mL)

+v2=16;//volume of acid required to methyl orange end-point (in mL)

+N=1/50;//normality of sulphuric acid

+P=v1*N*(1000/V)*50;//strength of alkanlinity upto phenolphthalein end-point (in ppm)

+M=(v1+v2)*N*(1000/V)*50;//strength of alkanlinity upto methyl orange end-point (in ppm)

+//P < M/2

+printf("Alkalinity due to Carbonate anions is %.0f ppm and due to Hydrogen carbonate anions is %d ppm.",2*P,M-2*P);

diff --git a/1427/CH1/EX1.22/1_22.sce b/1427/CH1/EX1.22/1_22.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c4dfdbd31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH1/EX1.22/1_22.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//ques-1.22

+//Finding hardness of given water sample

+clc

+V=10000;//volume of water teated (in L)

+v1=200;//volume of HCl required by cationic resin (in L)

+v2=200;//volume of NaOH required by anionic resin (in L)

+N=0.1;//normality of HCl and NaOH

+h=v1*N*(1000/V)*50;//hardness (in ppm)

+printf("Hardness of given sample is %d ppm.",h);

diff --git a/1427/CH1/EX1.23/1_23.sce b/1427/CH1/EX1.23/1_23.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8f25bdf5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH1/EX1.23/1_23.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//ques-1.23

+//Calculating hardness of given water sample

+clc

+V=100;//volume of water (in mL)

+v1=20;//volume of sodium carbonate used (in mL)

+n1=0.1;//normality of sodium carbonate solution

+v2=30;//volume of sulphuric acid used (in mL)

+n2=0.05;//normality of sulphuric acid used

+f=v2*(n2/n1);//Filtrate

+h=(v1-f)*n1*(1000/V)*50;//hardness (in ppm)

+printf("Hardness of water sample is %d ppm.",h);

diff --git a/1427/CH1/EX1.3/1_3.sce b/1427/CH1/EX1.3/1_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3019c2abb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH1/EX1.3/1_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//ques-1.3

+//Calculating temporary and permanent hardness of a sample of water

+clc

+A=7.3;//content of Magnesium hydrogencarbonate (in mg/L)

+B=16.2;//content of Calcium hydrogencarbonate (in mg/L)

+C=9.5;//content of Magnesium chloride (in mg/L)

+D=13.6;//content of Calcium sulphate (in mg/L)

+a1=(A/146)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of A

+a2=(B/162)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of B

+a3=(C/95)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of C

+a4=(D/136)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of D

+t=a1+a2;//temporary hardness (in ppm)

+p=a2+a4;//permanent hardness (in ppm)

+printf("Temporary and Permanent hardness of the given sample are %d ppm and %d ppm respectively.",t,p);

diff --git a/1427/CH1/EX1.4/1_4.sce b/1427/CH1/EX1.4/1_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..73b48e0e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH1/EX1.4/1_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//ques-1.4

+//Calculating temporary and total hardness in given sample of water

+clc

+A=73;//content of Magnesium hydrogencarbonate (in mg/L)

+B=162;//content of Calcium hydrogencarbonate (in mg/L)

+C=95;//content of Magnesium chloride (in mg/L)

+D=136;//content of Calcium Sulphate (in mg/L)

+a1=(A/146)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of A (in mg/L)

+a2=(B/162)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of B (in mg/L)

+a3=(C/95)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of C (in mg/L)

+a4=(D/136)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of D (in mg/L)

+temp=a1+a2;//temporary hardness (in ppm)

+total=a1+a2+a3+a4;//total hardness (in ppm)

+printf("Temporary hardness of given sample is %d ppm and Total hardness is %d ppm.",temp,total);

diff --git a/1427/CH1/EX1.5/1_5.sce b/1427/CH1/EX1.5/1_5.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..af2edcb74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH1/EX1.5/1_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//ques-1.5

+//Calculating amount of lime required

+clc

+A=25;//content of Calcium carbonate in water (in ppm)

+B=144;//content of Magnesium carbonate in water (in ppm)

+C=95;//content of Magnesium chloride in water (in ppm)

+V=50000;//volume of water given (in L)

+a1=(A/100)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of A (in ppm)

+a2=(B/84)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of B (in ppm)

+a3=(C/95)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of C (in ppm)

+lime=(a1+2*a2+a3)*V*(74/100);//lime requirement (in mg)

+printf("Lime required for softening is %.3f kg.",lime/1000000);

diff --git a/1427/CH1/EX1.6/1_6.sce b/1427/CH1/EX1.6/1_6.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7edca988b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH1/EX1.6/1_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//ques-1.6

+//Calculating amount of lime and soda required

+clc

+A=8.1;//content of Calcium hydrogencarbonate (in mg/L)

+B=7.5;//content of Magnesium hydrogencarbonate (in mg/L)

+C=13.6;//content of Calcium sulphate (in mg/L)

+D=12;//content of Magnesiu sulphate (in mg/L)

+E=2;//content of Magnesium chloride (in mg/L)

+V=50000;//volume of water sample given (in L)

+a1=(A/162)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of A (in mg/L)

+a2=(B/146)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of B (in mg/L)

+a3=(C/136)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of C(in mg/L)

+a4=(D/120)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of D (in mg/L)

+a5=(E/95)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of E (in mg/L)

+lime=(a1+2*a2+a4+a5)*(74/100)*V;//lime required (in mg)

+soda=(a3+a4+a5)*(106/100)*V;//soda required (in mg)

+printf("Lime and Soda required for %d L are %.4f kg and %.4f kg repectively.",V,lime/1000000,soda/1000000);   

diff --git a/1427/CH1/EX1.7/1_7.sce b/1427/CH1/EX1.7/1_7.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cc2cf901d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH1/EX1.7/1_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//ques-1.7

+//Calculating amount of lime and soda required for softening hard water

+clc

+A=20;//content of Calcium cation (in ppm)

+B=18;//content of Magnesium cation (in ppm)

+C=183;//content of Hydrogen carbonate anion (in ppm)

+a1=(A/40)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of A (in ppm)

+a2=(B/24)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of B (in ppm)

+a3=(C/122)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of C (in ppm)

+lime=(a2+a3)*(74/100);//lime required (in ppm)

+soda=(a1+a2-a3)*(106/100);//soda required (in ppm)

+//soda < 0, therefore

+printf("Lime required for softening hard water is %.1f ppm and Soda required is nil.",lime);

diff --git a/1427/CH1/EX1.8/1_8.sce b/1427/CH1/EX1.8/1_8.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3bd5740f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH1/EX1.8/1_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//ques-1.8

+//Calculating amount of lime and soda required for softening water

+clc

+A=7.3;//content of HCl (in mg/L)

+B=34.2;//content of Aluminium sulphate (in mg/L)

+C=9.5;//content of Magnesium chloride (in mg/L)

+V=100000;//volume of water used (in L)

+p1=90;//Purity precentage of lime

+p2=98;//Purity precentage of soda

+e=10;//Percentage of excess chemicals used

+a1=(A/73)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of A (in mg/L)

+a2=(B/114)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of B (in mg/L)

+a3=(C/95)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of C (in mg/L)

+lime=(a1+a2+a3)*(74/100)*(1+e/100)*(100/p1)*V;//lime required (in mg)

+soda=(a1+a2+a3)*(106/100)*V*(1+e/100)*(100/p2);//soda required (in mg)

+printf("Lime required for softening %d L of water is %.3f kg and Soda required is %.3f kg.",V,lime/1000000,soda/1000000);

diff --git a/1427/CH1/EX1.9/1_9.sce b/1427/CH1/EX1.9/1_9.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3b007aead
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1427/CH1/EX1.9/1_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//ques-1.9

+//Calculating amount of lime and soda required to soften one million litres of water

+clc

+A=30;//content of Calcium cation (in mg/L)

+B=24;//content of Magnesium cation (in mg/L)

+C=24;//content of CO2 (in mg/L)

+D=50;//content of HCl (in mg/L)

+V=1000000;//volume of water sample (in L)

+p1=90;//Purity percentage of lime

+p2=94;//Purity percentage of soda

+a1=(A/40)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of A (in mg/L)

+a2=(B/24)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of A (in mg/L)

+a3=(C/44)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of A (in mg/L)

+a4=(D/73)*100;//CaCO3 equivalent of A (in mg/L)

+lime=(a2+a3+a4)*(74/100)*V*(100/p1);//lime required (in mg)

+soda=(a1+a2+a4)*(106/100)*V*(100/p2);//soda required (in mg)

+printf("Lime required to soften one mllion litres of given water is %.1f kg and Soda required is %.1f kg.",lime/1000000,soda/1000000);