initial commit / add all books

21 files changed, 446 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/1309/CH4/EX4.1/Result4_1.pdf b/1309/CH4/EX4.1/Result4_1.pdf
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4f011f37a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1309/CH4/EX4.1/Result4_1.pdf
diff --git a/1309/CH4/EX4.1/ch4_1.sce b/1309/CH4/EX4.1/ch4_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8205a1f31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1309/CH4/EX4.1/ch4_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+clc;
+clear;
+printf("\t\t\tChapter4_example1\n\n\n");
+// determination of response time
+k=12; // thermal conductivity in BTU/(hr.ft.degree Rankine) 
+c=0.1; // specific heat in BTU/(lbm.degree Rankine) 
+D=0.025/12; // diameter in ft
+density=525; // density in lbm/cu.ft
+hc=80; // convective coefficient in BTU/(hr. sq.ft. degree Rankine)
+T_i=65; // intial temperature in degree fahrenheit
+T_inf=140; // fluid temperature in degree fahrenheit
+As=3.14*D^2; // surface area in sq.ft
+Vs=3.14*D^3/6; // volume in cu.ft
+reciprocal_timeconstant=(hc*As)/(density*Vs*c);
+printf("\nThe reciprocal of time constant is %.1f /hr",reciprocal_timeconstant);
+// selecting T=139 degree fahrenheit as T=140 gives an infinite time through the equation (T-T_inf)/(T_i-T_inf)=exp(-hc*As/density*Vs*c)t
+T=139;
+t=log((T-T_inf)/(T_i-T_inf))/(-reciprocal_timeconstant);
+printf('\n\nThe response time of the junction is %.1f s",t*3600);
diff --git a/1309/CH4/EX4.10/Result4_10.pdf b/1309/CH4/EX4.10/Result4_10.pdf
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0fdfaf9cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1309/CH4/EX4.10/Result4_10.pdf
diff --git a/1309/CH4/EX4.10/ch4_10.sce b/1309/CH4/EX4.10/ch4_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..280a1dafc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1309/CH4/EX4.10/ch4_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+clc;
+clear;
+printf("\t\t\tChapter4_example10\n\n\n");
+// determination of time required to cool to a certain temperature
+rou=7.817*62.4;
+c=.110;
+k=8.32;
+alpha=0.417e-4;
+dx=1/12;
+// taking Fo=1
+Fo=1;
+dt=Fo*dx^2/alpha;
+printf("\nThe time increments is %.1f s",dt);
+// We have to draw the Saul'ev plot to determine the number of time intervals
+n=8; //Enter the number of time intervals from Saulev plot
+time=n*dt;
+printf("\nThe required time is %.2f hr",time/3600);
diff --git a/1309/CH4/EX4.2/ch4_2.sce b/1309/CH4/EX4.2/ch4_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7b85c7fdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1309/CH4/EX4.2/ch4_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+clc;
+clear;
+printf("\t\t\tChapter4_example2\n\n\n");
+// Determination of temperature of metal and cumulative heat rate
+// properties of aluminium from appendix table B1
+k=236; // thermal conductivity in W/(m.K)
+Cp=896;// specific heat in J/(kg.K)
+sp_gr=2.702; // specific gravity
+density=2702; // density in kg/cu.m
+D=0.05; // Diameter in m
+L=0.60; // length in m
+hc=550; // unit surface conductance between the metal and the bath in W/(K.sq.m)
+Vs=(3.14*D^2*L)/4; // Volume in cu.m
+As=(2*3.14*D^2/4)+(3.14*D*L); // surface area in sq.m
+printf("\n\nThe volume of cylinder is %.5f cu.m",Vs);
+printf("\n\nThe surface area of cylinder is %.3f sq.m",As);
+Bi=(hc*Vs)/(k*As); // Biot Number
+printf("\n\nThe Biot number is %.3f",Bi);
+// Biot number is less than 1 hence lump capacitance equations apply
+printf("\n\n\t\t\tSolution to part (a)\n");
+T_i=50; // initial temperature in degree celsius
+T_inf=2; // temperature of ice water bath in degree celsius
+t=60; // time=1 minute=60 s
+T=T_inf+(T_i-T_inf)*exp(-(hc*As)/(density*Vs*Cp)*t);
+printf("\nThe temperature of aluminium is %.1f degree celsius",T);
+printf("\n\n\t\t\tSolution to part (b)\n");
+Q=density*Vs*Cp*(T_inf-T_i)*[1-exp(-(hc*As)/(density*Vs*Cp)*t)];
+printf("\nThe cumulative heat transferred is %d J =%.1f kJ",abs(Q),abs(-Q/1000));
diff --git a/1309/CH4/EX4.3/Figure4_3.jpeg b/1309/CH4/EX4.3/Figure4_3.jpeg
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ff1b509de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1309/CH4/EX4.3/Figure4_3.jpeg
diff --git a/1309/CH4/EX4.3/Result4_3.pdf b/1309/CH4/EX4.3/Result4_3.pdf
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2f20eac4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1309/CH4/EX4.3/Result4_3.pdf
diff --git a/1309/CH4/EX4.3/ch4_3.sce b/1309/CH4/EX4.3/ch4_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b78cb8e36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1309/CH4/EX4.3/ch4_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+clc;

+clear;

+printf("\t\t\tChapter4_example3\n\n\n");

+hc=30;

+L=0.24;

+k=1.25;

+c=890;

+rou=550;

+Bi=hc*L/k;

+alpha=k/(rou*c);

+printf("The value of diffusivity is %.2e sq.m/s",alpha);

+Tc=150;

+T_inf=600;

+T_i=50;

+printf("\nThe Biot number is %.2f,",Bi);

+if Bi<0.1 then

+    n=0;

+else if  Bi>0.1 then

+        n=1;

+    end

+end

+select n

+case 0 then 

+    disp('The Lumped capacity approach is applicable');

+case 1 then

+    disp('Since value of Biot number is greater than 0.1, Lumped capacity approach would not give accurate results, so figure 4.6 is to be used');

+    reciprocal_Bi=1/Bi;

+    dimensionless_temp=(Tc-T_inf)/(T_i-T_inf);

+    Fo=0.4; //the value of Fourier Number from figure 4.6(a)

+    t=L^2*Fo/alpha;

+    printf("The required time is %d s = %.1f hr",t,t/3600);

+end

+// reading values of dimensionless temperature from figure 4.6(b) using reciprocal of Biot number

+x_per_L=[0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.0];

+[n,m]=size(x_per_L);

+printf("\nThe choosen values of x/L are: \n");

+disp(x_per_L);

+printf("\n Values for dimensionless temperature for corresponding values of x/L:")

+dim_T=[1.0 .97 .86 .68 .48 .36 .24]; // value for dimensionless temperature for corresponding value of x/L

+disp(dim_T);

+printf("the temperature profile with distance is\n");

+printf("\tx/L\t\t");

+for j=1:m

+    printf("%.2f\t",x_per_L(1,j));

+    

+end

+printf("\n");

+printf("(T-T_inf)/T_i-T_inf)\t");

+for i=1:m

+    printf("%.2f\t",dim_T(i));

+end

+T=zeros(1,m);

+x=zeros(1,m);

+for i=1:m

+    T(1,i)=dim_T(1,i)*dimensionless_temp*(T_i-T_inf)+T_inf;

+    x(1,i)=x_per_L(1,i)*L;

+end

+printf("\n\tx,cm\t\t");

+for i=1:m

+    X(1,i)=x(1,i)*100;

+    printf("%.1f\t",X(1,i));

+end

+printf("\nT, degree celsius\t");

+for i=1:m

+    printf("%d\t",T(1,i));

+end

+plot2d(X,T,rect=[0,0,24,600]);

+a=gca();

+newticks=a.x_ticks;

+newticks(2)=[0;4;8;12;16;20;24];

+newticks(3)=['0';'4';'8';'12';'16';'20';'24'];

+a.x_ticks=newticks;

+newticks1=a.y_ticks;

+newticks1(2)=[0;100;200;300;400;500;600];

+newticks1(3)=['0';'100';'200';'300';'400';'500';'600'];

+a.y_ticks=newticks1;

+xlabel('x,cm');

+ylabel('t,degree celsius');

+title('Temperature profile in the 24-cm slab after 2.5 hr.');

+filename='Temperature profile in the 24-cm slab after 2.5 hr.';

+xgrid(1);

+xs2jpg(0,filename);

diff --git a/1309/CH4/EX4.4/Result4_4.pdf b/1309/CH4/EX4.4/Result4_4.pdf
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0a465b779
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1309/CH4/EX4.4/Result4_4.pdf
diff --git a/1309/CH4/EX4.4/ch4_4.sce b/1309/CH4/EX4.4/ch4_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5e73af129
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1309/CH4/EX4.4/ch4_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+clc;
+clear;
+printf("\t\t\tChapter4_example4\n\n\n");
+hc=6;
+D=0.105;
+k=0.431;
+c=2000;
+rou=998;
+Vs=%pi*D^3/6;
+As=%pi*D^2;
+// calculating Biot Number for lumped capacitance approach
+Bi_lumped=hc*Vs/(k*As);
+printf("\nThe Biot number is %.3f,",Bi_lumped);
+alpha=k/(rou*c);
+printf("\nThe value of diffusivity is %.2e sq.m/s",alpha);
+Tc=20;
+T_inf=23;
+T_i=4;
+if Bi_lumped<0.1 then
+    n=0;
+else if  Bi_lumped>0.1 then
+        n=1;
+    end
+end
+select n
+case 0 then 
+    disp('The Lumped capacity approach is applicable');
+case 1 then
+    printf("\n\nSince value of Biot number is greater than 0.1,\nLumped capacity approach would not give accurate results, so figure 4.8 is to be used\n");
+    // calculating Biot Number for using figure 4.8
+    Bi_figure=hc*D/(2*k);
+    printf("\nThe Biot Number for using figure 4.8 is %.3f",Bi_figure);
+    reciprocal_Bi=1/Bi_figure;
+    dimensionless_temp=(Tc-T_inf)/(T_i-T_inf);
+    printf("\nThe dimensionless temperature is %.3f",dimensionless_temp);
+    Fo=1.05;//The corresponding value of Fourier Number from figure 4.8a
+    t=(D/2)^2*Fo/alpha;
+    printf("\nThe required time is %.2e s = %.1f hr",t,t/3600);
+end
+Bi2Fo=Bi_figure^2*Fo;
+printf("\nBi^2Fo=%.1e",Bi2Fo);
+Dimensionless_HeatFlow=0.7; // The corresponding dimensionless heat flow ratio from figure 4.8c
+Q=Dimensionless_HeatFlow*rou*c*Vs*(T_i-T_inf);
+printf("\nThe heat transferred is %.3e J",Q);
diff --git a/1309/CH4/EX4.5/Result4_5.pdf b/1309/CH4/EX4.5/Result4_5.pdf
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..861926659
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1309/CH4/EX4.5/Result4_5.pdf
diff --git a/1309/CH4/EX4.5/ch4_5.sce b/1309/CH4/EX4.5/ch4_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..884c7e043
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1309/CH4/EX4.5/ch4_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+clc;
+clear;
+printf("\t\t\tChapter4_example5\n\n\n");
+hc=6;
+D=0.105;
+k=0.3;
+c=0.41;
+sp_gr=2.1;
+rou_water=62.4;
+alpha=k/(sp_gr*rou_water*c);
+printf("\nThe diffusivity of the soil is %.2e sq.ft/hr",alpha);
+t=3*30*24;
+printf("\nTime in hours is %d hr",t);
+// Bi_sqrt(Fo) is infinite
+T_inf=10;
+Ts=10;
+T=32;
+T_i=70;
+dimensionless_temp=(T-T_i)/(T_inf-T_i);
+printf("\nThe dimensionless temperature is %.4f",dimensionless_temp);
+variable_fig4_12=0.38; //The value of x/(2*(alpha*t)^0.5) from figure 4.12
+x=2*sqrt(alpha*t)*variable_fig4_12;
+printf("\nThe depth of the freeze line in soil is %.2f ft",x);
diff --git a/1309/CH4/EX4.6/Result4_6.pdf b/1309/CH4/EX4.6/Result4_6.pdf
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4f1b2c15d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1309/CH4/EX4.6/Result4_6.pdf
diff --git a/1309/CH4/EX4.6/ch4_6.sce b/1309/CH4/EX4.6/ch4_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f4d48765a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1309/CH4/EX4.6/ch4_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+clc;
+clear;
+printf("\t\t\tChapter4_example6\n\n\n");
+// properties of aluminium from appendix table B1
+k_al=236;
+p_al=2.7*1000;
+c_al=896;
+// properties of oak from appendix table B3
+k_oak=0.19;
+p_oak=0.705*1000;
+c_oak=2390;
+sqrt_kpc_al=sqrt(k_al*p_al*c_al);
+printf("\nThe square root of kpc product of aluminium is %.2e sq.W.s/(m^4.sq.K)",sqrt_kpc_al);
+kpc_R=4;
+T_Li=20;
+T_Ri=37.3;
+T_al=(T_Li*(sqrt_kpc_al)+T_Ri*sqrt(kpc_R))/(sqrt_kpc_al+sqrt(kpc_R));
+printf("\nThe temperature of aluminium is felt as %.1f degree celsius",T_al);
+sqrt_kpc_oak=sqrt(k_oak*p_oak*c_oak);
+printf("\nThe square root of kpc product of oak is %.2e sq.W.s/(m^4.sq.K)",sqrt_kpc_oak);
+T_oak=(T_Li*(sqrt_kpc_oak)+T_Ri*sqrt(kpc_R))/(sqrt_kpc_oak+sqrt(kpc_R));
+printf("\nThe temperature of oak is felt as %.1f degree celsius",T_oak);
+if (T_al>T_oak) then
+    printf("\nThe aluminium will feel warmer.");
+elseif  (T_al<T_oak) then
+        printf("\nThe oak will feel warmer.");
+else
+    printf("\nBoth will be felt equally warm.")
+end
diff --git a/1309/CH4/EX4.7/Result4_7.pdf b/1309/CH4/EX4.7/Result4_7.pdf
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e57a8bc95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1309/CH4/EX4.7/Result4_7.pdf
diff --git a/1309/CH4/EX4.7/ch4_7.sce b/1309/CH4/EX4.7/ch4_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..99d2b30c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1309/CH4/EX4.7/ch4_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+clc;
+clear;
+printf("\t\t\tChapter4_example7\n\n\n");
+// properties of water at 68 degree fahrenheit from appendix table C11
+rou=62.46;
+cp=0.9988;
+k=0.345;
+alpha=k/(rou*cp);
+printf("\nThe diffusivity at 68 degree fahrenheit is %.2e sq.ft/hr",alpha);
+D=2.5/12;
+L=4.75/12;
+Vs=%pi*D^2*L/4;
+As=(%pi*D*L)+(%pi*D^2)/2;
+Lc=Vs/As;
+printf("\nThe volume of the can is %.4f cu.ft",Vs);
+printf("\nThe surface area of the can is %.3f sq.ft",As);
+printf("\nThe characteristic length is %.3f ft",Lc);
+hc=1.7;
+Bi=hc*Lc/k;
+printf("\nThe Biot number is %.3f",Bi);
+t=4;
+// for the cylinder solution
+Fo_cylinder=alpha*t/(D/2)^2;
+Bi_cylinder=hc*(D/2)/k;
+printf("\nFor the cylinder, The Fourier number is %.2f and Biot Number is %.3f",Fo_cylinder,Bi_cylinder);
+reciprocal_Bi_cylinder=1/Bi_cylinder;
+printf("\nThe reciprocal for Biot number for cylinder is %.2f",reciprocal_Bi_cylinder);
+dim_T_cylinder=0.175; //The value of dimensionless temperature of cylinder from figure 4.7a at corresponding values of Fo and 1/Bi
+// for the infinite plate solution
+Fo_plate=alpha*t/(L/2)^2;
+Bi_plate=hc*L/(2*k);
+printf("\nFor the infinite plate, The Fourier number is %.3f and Biot Number is %.2f",Fo_plate,Bi_plate);
+reciprocal_Bi_plate=1/Bi_plate;
+printf("\nThe reciprocal for Biot number for infinite plate is %.2f",reciprocal_Bi_plate);
+dim_T_plate=0.55; //The value of dimensionless temperature of infinite plate from figure 4.7a at corresponding values of Fo and 1/Bi
+// Table 4. I, for the short-cylinder problem, indicates that the solution is the product of the infinite-cylinder problem (Figure 4.7) and the infinite-plate problem (Figure 4.6).
+// For short cylinder problem
+dim_T_shortcylinder=dim_T_cylinder*dim_T_plate;
+printf("\nThe value of dimensionless temperature for short cylinder is %.3f ",dim_T_shortcylinder);
+T_inf=30;
+T_i=72;
+Tc=dim_T_shortcylinder*(T_i-T_inf)+T_inf;
+printf("\nThe temperature at centre of can is %.1f degree celsius",Tc);
+dim_Tw_cylinder=0.77; //The dimensionless temperature from figure 4.7b corresponding to the value of 1/Bi and r/R=1
+dim_Tw_plate=0.65; //The dimensionless temperature from figure 4.6b corresponding to the value of 1/Bi and x/L=1
+dim_Tw_shortcylinder=dim_Tw_cylinder*dim_Tw_plate;
+printf("\nThe value of dimensionless temperature  at the wall for short cylinder is %.2f ",dim_Tw_shortcylinder);
+Tw=dim_Tw_shortcylinder*(Tc-T_inf)+T_inf;
+printf("\nThe wall temperature is %.1f degree F",Tw);
+
diff --git a/1309/CH4/EX4.8/Result4_8.pdf b/1309/CH4/EX4.8/Result4_8.pdf
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b57cf729b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1309/CH4/EX4.8/Result4_8.pdf
diff --git a/1309/CH4/EX4.8/ch4_8.sce b/1309/CH4/EX4.8/ch4_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..827efcbc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1309/CH4/EX4.8/ch4_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+clc;
+clear;
+printf("\t\t\tChapter4_example8\n\n\n");
+rou=7817;
+c=461;
+k=14.4;
+alpha=.387e-5;
+L1=.03;
+L2=0.03;
+L3=0.04;
+x=0.04;
+T_i=95;
+T_inf=17;
+// for infinite plate
+L=L1/2;
+hc=50;
+reciprocal_Bi_plate=k/(hc*L);
+printf("\nThe value of 1/Bi for infinite plate is %.1f",reciprocal_Bi_plate);
+T=50;
+n=1;
+t=[3000 1500 700 400 200 300 350];
+[n m]=size(t);
+// parameter for infinite plate Fourier Number,Fo is named as parameter1
+for i=1:m
+    parameter1(i)=alpha*t(i)/L^2;
+// parameters for semi-infinite solid Bi(Fo)^0.5 and x/(2*(alpha*t)^0.5) are named as parameter2 and parameter3
+parameter2(i)=hc*((alpha*t(i))^0.5)/k;
+parameter3(i)=x/(2*(alpha*t(i))^0.5);
+dim_T_plate=[0.085 0.34 0.55 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7]; //the corresponding values of dimensionless temperature for infinite plate from figure 4.6a
+dim_T_solid=[0.225 0.14 0.075 0.046 0.02 0.035 0.042]; // the corresponding values of dimensionless temperature for semi-infinite solid from figure 4.12
+dim_T_bar(i)=dim_T_plate(i)*dim_T_plate(i)*(1-dim_T_solid(i));
+T(i)=dim_T_plate(i)*dim_T_plate(i)*(1-dim_T_solid(i))*(T_i-T_inf)+T_inf;
+end
+printf("\nThe Results for different time instances:\n");
+printf("\n\tInfinite Plate\t\t\t\t\t\tSemi-Infinite Solid\t\t\t\tDimensionless Temperature\tTemperature");
+printf("\ntime t, s\t1/Bi\tFo\t(T-Tinf)/(Ti-Tinf)\tBi(Fo)^0.5\tx/(2*(at)^0.5)\t(T-Tinf)/(Ti-Tinf)\t(T-Tinf)/(Ti-Tinf)\t\tT");
+for i=1:m
+    printf("\n%d\t\t%.1f\t%.2f\t\t%.2f\t\t%.3f\t\t%.3f\t\t%.3f\t\t\t%.3f\t\t\t\t%.1f",t(i),reciprocal_Bi_plate,parameter1(i),dim_T_plate(i),parameter2(i),parameter3(i),dim_T_solid(i),dim_T_bar(i),T(i));
+end
diff --git a/1309/CH4/EX4.9/Figure4_9.jpg b/1309/CH4/EX4.9/Figure4_9.jpg
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6bfaacbad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1309/CH4/EX4.9/Figure4_9.jpg
diff --git a/1309/CH4/EX4.9/Result4_9.pdf b/1309/CH4/EX4.9/Result4_9.pdf
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..edc3b0b27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1309/CH4/EX4.9/Result4_9.pdf
diff --git a/1309/CH4/EX4.9/ch4_9.sce b/1309/CH4/EX4.9/ch4_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f10032d86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1309/CH4/EX4.9/ch4_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+clc;
+clear;
+printf("\t\t\tChapter4_example9\n\n\n");
+rou=.5*1000;
+cp=837;
+k=0.128;
+alpha=0.049e-5;
+// let Fo=0.5 and dx=0.05
+dt=0.5*(0.05)^2/alpha;
+printf("\nThe time increment is %.3f hr",dt/3600);
+p=1;
+m=6;
+A=2*eye(6,6);
+n=1;
+N=1;
+for j=1:n
+    for i=1:6
+        T(i,j)=20;
+    end
+end
+for n=1:7
+    for i=1:4
+        B(i+1,n)=T(i+2,n)+T(i,n);
+        B(1,n)=T(i+1,n)+200;
+        B(6,n)=2*T(i+1,n);
+    end
+Temp=inv(A)*B(:,n); // temperature at the different points
+printf("\nThe temperature at different points after %d time interval are:",n);
+T(:,n+1)=Temp;
+disp(T(:,n+1));
+end
+time=n*dt;
+printf("\nThe required time is %.2f hr",time/3600);
+x=0:5:30;
+plot(x,[200;T(:,2)]);
+a1=gca();
+a1.data_bounds=[0,0;30,200];
+xtitle('(a) After 0.709 hr','T degree C','x, cm');
+newticks=a1.x_ticks;
+newticks(2)=[0;10;20;30];
+newticks(3)=['0';'10';'20';'30'];
+a1.x_ticks=newticks;
+newticks1=a1.y_ticks;
+newticks1(2)=[0;50;100;150;200];
+newticks1(3)=['0';'50';'100';'150';'200'];
+a1.y_ticks=newticks1;
+plot(x,[200;T(:,3)]);
+a2=gca();
+hl=legend(['After 2(0.709) hr ';'After (0.709) hr ']);
+a2.data_bounds=[0,0;30,200];
+xtitle('(b) After 2(0.709) hr ','T degree C','x, cm');
+newticks=a2.x_ticks;
+newticks(2)=[0;10;20;30];
+newticks(3)=['0';'10';'20';'30'];
+a2.x_ticks=newticks;
+newticks1=a2.y_ticks;
+newticks1(2)=[0;50;100;150;200];
+newticks1(3)=['0';'50';'100';'150';'200'];
+a2.y_ticks=newticks1;
+filename='(b) After 2(0.709) hr ';
+clf();
+plot(x,[200;T(:,4)],x,[200;T(:,3)]);
+a3=gca();
+hl=legend(['After 3(0.709) hr ';'After 2(0.709) hr ']);
+a3.data_bounds=[0,0;30,200];
+xtitle('(c) After 3(0.709) hr ','T degree C','x, cm');
+newticks=a3.x_ticks;
+newticks(2)=[0;10;20;30];
+newticks(3)=['0';'10';'20';'30'];
+a3.x_ticks=newticks;
+newticks1=a3.y_ticks;
+newticks1(2)=[0;50;100;150;200];
+newticks1(3)=['0';'50';'100';'150';'200'];
+a3.y_ticks=newticks1;
+clf();
+plot(x,[200;T(:,5)],x,[200;T(:,4)]);
+a4=gca();
+hl=legend(['After 4(0.709) hr ';'After 3(0.709) hr ']);
+a4.data_bounds=[0,0;30,200];
+xtitle('(d) After 4(0.709) hr ','T degree C','x, cm');
+newticks=a4.x_ticks;
+newticks(2)=[0;10;20;30];
+newticks(3)=['0';'10';'20';'30'];
+a4.x_ticks=newticks;
+newticks1=a4.y_ticks;
+newticks1(2)=[0;50;100;150;200];
+newticks1(3)=['0';'50';'100';'150';'200'];
+a4.y_ticks=newticks1;
+clf();
+plot(x,[200;T(:,6)],x,[200;T(:,5)]);
+a5=gca();
+hl=legend(['After 5(0.709) hr ';'After 4(0.709) hr ']);
+a5.data_bounds=[0,0;30,200];
+xtitle('(e) After 5(0.709) hr ','T degree C','x, cm');
+newticks=a5.x_ticks;
+newticks(2)=[0;10;20;30];
+newticks(3)=['0';'10';'20';'30'];
+a5.x_ticks=newticks;
+newticks1=a5.y_ticks;
+newticks1(2)=[0;50;100;150;200];
+newticks1(3)=['0';'50';'100';'150';'200'];
+a5.y_ticks=newticks1;
+clf();
+plot(x,[200;T(:,7)]);
+a6=gca();
+a6.data_bounds=[0,0;30,200];
+xtitle('(f) After 7(0.709) hr ','T degree C','x, cm');
+newticks=a6.x_ticks;
+newticks(2)=[0;10;20;30];
+newticks(3)=['0';'10';'20';'30'];
+a6.x_ticks=newticks;
+newticks1=a6.y_ticks;
+newticks1(2)=[0;50;100;150;200];
+newticks1(3)=['0';'50';'100';'150';'200'];
+a6.y_ticks=newticks1;