initial commit / add all books

10 files changed, 148 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/1226/CH16/EX16.1/EX16_1.jpg b/1226/CH16/EX16.1/EX16_1.jpg
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diff --git a/1226/CH16/EX16.1/EX16_1.sce b/1226/CH16/EX16.1/EX16_1.sce
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+clc;funcprot(0);//EXAMPLE 16.1

+// Initialisation of Variables

+pwu=735;............//Power developed by naturally aspirated engine in kW

+afru=12.8;.............//Air fuel ratio for naturally aspirated engine

+bsfc=0.350;......//Brake specific fuel consumption in kg/kWh

+metau=0.86;...........//Mechanical efficiency of naturally aspirated engine

+pi=730;...........//Inlet pressure in mm of Hg absolute

+tm=325;...........//Mixture temperature in Kelvin

+pr=1.6;.............//Pressure ratio of supercharged engine

+etaa=0.7;.............//Adiabatic efficiency of supercharged engine

+metas=0.9;..............//Mechanical efficiency of supercharged engine

+afrs=12.8;.............//Air fuel ratio for supercharged engine

+rhohg=13600;.............//Density of mercury in kg/m^3

+R=0.287;...................//Gas constant in kJ/kgK

+ga=1.4;................//Degree of freedom for gas

+cp=1.005;..................//Specific heat of the fuel

+g=9.81;................//Acceleration due to gravity in m/s^2

+//calculations

+t2=tm*(pr)^((ga-1)/ga);..............//Ideal temperature for the supercharged engine

+t2a=tm+(t2-tm)/etaa;................//Actual temperature for the supercharged engine

+wa=cp*(t2a-tm);.....................//Work of the supercharger

+wsup=cp*(t2a-tm)/metas;..............//Work required to drive the supercharger in kJ/kg of air

+//When unsupercharged

+p1=(pi/1000)*((g*rhohg)/1000);..............//Inlet pressure in kN/m^2

+rhounsup=p1/(R*tm);

+maunsup=(bsfc*pwu*afrs)/3600;...................//Air consumption in kg/s for unsupercharged engine

+//When supercharged

+rhosup=(pr*p1)/(R*t2a);

+masup=maunsup*(rhosup/rhounsup);..................//Air consumption in kg/s

+Psup=masup*wsup;...............//Power required to run the supercharger in kW

+disp(Psup,"The Power required to run the supercharger (kW):")

diff --git a/1226/CH16/EX16.2/EX16_2.jpg b/1226/CH16/EX16.2/EX16_2.jpg
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diff --git a/1226/CH16/EX16.2/EX_2.sce b/1226/CH16/EX16.2/EX_2.sce
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+clc;funcprot(0);//EXAMPLE 16.2

+// Initialisation of Variables

+p1=1.0132;..............//Mean pressure at sea level in bar

+t1=283;................//Mean temperature at sea level in Kelvin

+BP=260;....................//Brake Power output in kW

+etaV=0.78;..................//Volumetric efficiency at sea level free air condition

+sfc=0.247;............//Specific Fuel consumption in kg/kW.h

+afr=17;...................//Air fuel ratio

+N=1500;...................//Engine rpm

+at=2700;.................//Altitude in mts

+p2=0.72;................//Pressure in bar at the given altitude

+Psup=0.08;.................//8% power of engine is taken by the supercharger

+R=287;...................//Gas constant in J/kgK

+t2=32+273;..............//Temperature in Kelvin at the given altitude

+//calculations

+mf=(sfc*BP)/60;.............//Fuel consumption in kg/min

+ma = mf*afr;..................//Air consumption in ig/min

+acps = ma/(N/2);............//Air consumption per stroke in kg

+Vs=(acps*R*t1)/(etaV*p1*10^5);................//Engine capacity in m^3

+disp(Vs,"The Engin Capacity in m^3:")

+pmb=(BP*6)/(Vs*10*(N/2));........//Brake Mean Effective Pressure in bar

+disp(pmb,"The Brake mean effective pressure is (bar) :")

+gp=BP/(1-Psup);.................//Gross power produced by supercharged engine in kW

+masup=ma*gp/BP;......................//Mass of air required for supercharged engine in kg

+matc=masup/(N/2);..............//Mass of air taken per cycle

+pressure=(matc*R*t2)/(etaV*10^5*Vs);

+disp(pressure-p2,"The Increase of pressure required (in bar):")

diff --git a/1226/CH16/EX16.3/EX16_3.jpg b/1226/CH16/EX16.3/EX16_3.jpg
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diff --git a/1226/CH16/EX16.3/EX16_3.sce b/1226/CH16/EX16.3/EX16_3.sce
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index 000000000..8773bfb1e
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+clc;funcprot(0);//EXAMPLE 16.3

+// Initialisation of Variables

+ec=3600*10^(-6);.............//Engine capacity in m^3

+pw=13;...............//Power developed in kW per m^3 of free air induced per minute

+etaV=0.82;............//Volumetric Efficiency

+N=3000;................//Engine rpm

+p1=1.0132;...........................//Initial Air pressure in bar

+t1=298;........................//Initial Temperature in Kelvin

+pr=1.8;.....................//Pressure ratio in rotary compressor

+etaC=0.75;.................//Isentropic efficiency of compressor

+etaM=0.8;....................//Mechanical efficiency

+ga=1.4;.....................//Degree of freedom for the gas

+td=4;.......................//The amount by which the temperature is kess than delivery temperature from compressor

+R=287;......................//Gas constant in J/kg.K

+cp=1.005;.....................//Specific heat capacity

+//Calculations

+Vs=(ec*N)/2;....................//Swept volume in m^3/min

+Vu=Vs*etaV;....................//Unsupercharged volume induced per min

+rcdp=pr*p1;........//Rotary compressor delivery pressure

+t2=t1*(pr)^((ga-1)/ga);..............//Ideal temperature for the supercharged engine

+t2a=t1+(t2-t1)/etaC;................//Actual temperature for the supercharged engine

+ta=t2a-td;............................//Temperature of air at intake to the engine cylinder

+V1=(rcdp*Vs*t1)/(p1*ta);.................//Equivalent volume at 1.0132 bar and 298 K

+Vinc=V1-Vs;...........................//Increase in induced Volume of air in m^3/min

+ipincai=pw*Vinc;.......................//Increase in IP from air induced in kW

+ipinciip=((rcdp-p1)*10^5*Vs)/(60*1000);...........//Increase in IP due to increased induction pressure kW

+ipinctot=ipincai+ipinciip;...............//Total increase in Input Power in kW

+bpinc=ipinctot*etaM;....................//Increase in Brake Power of the engine in kW

+ma=(rcdp*10^5*Vs)/(60*R*ta);...................//Mass of air delivered by the compressor kg/s

+pc=(ma*cp*(t2a-t1))/etaM;....................//Power required by the compressor

+bpincnet=bpinc-pc;..........................//Net Increase in BP

+disp(bpincnet,"The Net increase in Brake Power in kW:")

+

diff --git a/1226/CH16/EX16.4/EX16_4.jpg b/1226/CH16/EX16.4/EX16_4.jpg
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diff --git a/1226/CH16/EX16.4/EX16_4.sce b/1226/CH16/EX16.4/EX16_4.sce
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+clc;funcprot(0);//EXAMPLE 16.4

+// Initialisation of Variables

+p1=1.0132;..............//Mean pressure at sea level in bar

+t1=283;................//Mean temperature at sea level in Kelvin

+BP=250;....................//Brake Power output in kW

+etaV=0.78;..................//Volumetric efficiency at sea level free air condition

+sfc=0.245;............//Specific Fuel consumption in kg/kW.h

+afr=17;...................//Air fuel ratio

+N=1500;...................//Engine rpm

+at=2700;.................//Altitude in mts

+p2=0.72;................//Pressure in bar at the given altitude

+Psup=0.08;.................//8% power of engine is taken by the supercharger

+R=287;...................//Gas constant in J/kgK

+t2=32+273;..............//Temperature in Kelvin at the given altitude

+//calculations

+mf=(sfc*BP)/60;.............//Fuel consumption in kg/min

+ma = mf*afr;..................//Air consumption in ig/min

+acps = ma/(N/2);............//Air consumption per stroke in kg

+Vs=(acps*R*t1)/(etaV*p1*10^5);................//Engine capacity in m^3

+disp(Vs,"The Engin Capacity in m^3:")

+pmb=(BP*6)/(Vs*10*(N/2));........//Brake Mean Effective Pressure in bar

+disp(pmb,"The Brake mean effective pressure is (bar) :")

+gp=BP/(1-Psup);.................//Gross power produced by supercharged engine in kW

+masup=ma*gp/BP;......................//Mass of air required for supercharged engine in kg

+matc=masup/(N/2);..............//Mass of air taken per cycle

+pressure=(matc*R*t2)/(etaV*10^5*Vs);

+disp(pressure-p2,"The Increase of pressure required (in bar):")

diff --git a/1226/CH16/EX16.5/EX16_5.jpg b/1226/CH16/EX16.5/EX16_5.jpg
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index 000000000..d23d474d8
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+++ b/1226/CH16/EX16.5/EX16_5.jpg
diff --git a/1226/CH16/EX16.5/EX16_5.sce b/1226/CH16/EX16.5/EX16_5.sce
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index 000000000..850a06dbb
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+clc;funcprot(0);//EXAMPLE 16.5

+// Initialisation of Variables

+t1=298;.................//Temperature of the air while entering the compressor in Kelvin

+qrej=1210;..............//Amount of heat rejected in cooler in kJ/min

+t2=273+65;...............//Temperature of the air leaving the cooler in Kelvin

+p2=1.75;.................//Pressure of the air leaving the cooler in bar

+n=6;.....................//No of cylinders

+d=0.1;...................//Bore of the cylinder in m

+l=0.11;...................//Stroke of the cylinder in m

+etaV=0.72;................//volumetric efficiency

+N=2000;...............//Engine rpm

+Tout=150;..................//Torque Output in Nm

+etaM=0.8;..................//Mechanical efficiency

+R=287;.......................//Gas constant for air in J/kgK

+cp=1.005;...................//Specific capacity of air

+//calculations

+BP=(2*%pi*N*Tout)/(60*1000);...........//Brake power in kW

+IP=BP/etaM;..........//Input Power in kW

+Vc=(%pi/4)*d*d*l;...................//Cylinder Volume in m^3

+pmi=(6*IP)/(n*Vc*(N/2)*10);................//Indicated mean effective pressure

+disp(pmi,"The indicated mean effective pressure (in bar):")

+Vs=Vc*6*(N/2);.........................//Engine Swept Volume in m^3/min

+Vaa=Vs*etaV;..........................//Aspirated volume of air into engine in m^3/min

+maa=(p2*10^5*Vaa)/(R*t2);..............//Aspirated air mass flow into the engine in kg/min

+disp(maa,"The total aspirated air mass flow into the engine (in kg/min):")

+t2a=((((BP/cp)/(qrej/(60*cp)))*t2)-t1)/(((BP/cp)/(qrej/(60*cp)))-1);

+mc=((BP/cp)/(t2a-t1))*60;........................//Air flow into the compressor in kg/min

+disp(mc,"Air flow into the compressor in kg/min:")

+

+