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diff --git a/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/test/__init__.py b/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/test/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a49875
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/test/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+"""
+Django Unit Test and Doctest framework.
+"""
+
+from django.test.client import Client, RequestFactory
+from django.test.testcases import (TestCase, TransactionTestCase,
+    SimpleTestCase, LiveServerTestCase, skipIfDBFeature,
+    skipUnlessDBFeature
+)
+from django.test.utils import Approximate
diff --git a/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/test/_doctest.py b/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/test/_doctest.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5381cff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/test/_doctest.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2755 @@
+# This is a slightly modified version of the doctest.py that shipped with Python 2.5
+# It incorporates changes that have been submitted to the Python ticket tracker
+# as ticket #1521051. These changes allow for a DoctestRunner and Doctest base
+# class to be specified when constructing a DoctestSuite.
+
+# Module doctest.
+# Released to the public domain 16-Jan-2001, by Tim Peters (tim@python.org).
+# Major enhancements and refactoring by:
+#     Jim Fulton
+#     Edward Loper
+
+# Provided as-is; use at your own risk; no warranty; no promises; enjoy!
+
+r"""Module doctest -- a framework for running examples in docstrings.
+
+In simplest use, end each module M to be tested with:
+
+def _test():
+    import doctest
+    doctest.testmod()
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    _test()
+
+Then running the module as a script will cause the examples in the
+docstrings to get executed and verified:
+
+python M.py
+
+This won't display anything unless an example fails, in which case the
+failing example(s) and the cause(s) of the failure(s) are printed to stdout
+(why not stderr? because stderr is a lame hack <0.2 wink>), and the final
+line of output is "Test failed.".
+
+Run it with the -v switch instead:
+
+python M.py -v
+
+and a detailed report of all examples tried is printed to stdout, along
+with assorted summaries at the end.
+
+You can force verbose mode by passing "verbose=True" to testmod, or prohibit
+it by passing "verbose=False".  In either of those cases, sys.argv is not
+examined by testmod.
+
+There are a variety of other ways to run doctests, including integration
+with the unittest framework, and support for running non-Python text
+files containing doctests.  There are also many ways to override parts
+of doctest's default behaviors.  See the Library Reference Manual for
+details.
+"""
+import warnings
+
+warnings.warn(
+    "The django.test._doctest module is deprecated; "
+    "use the doctest module from the Python standard library instead.",
+    PendingDeprecationWarning)
+
+
+__docformat__ = 'reStructuredText en'
+
+__all__ = [
+    # 0, Option Flags
+    'register_optionflag',
+    'DONT_ACCEPT_TRUE_FOR_1',
+    'DONT_ACCEPT_BLANKLINE',
+    'NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE',
+    'ELLIPSIS',
+    'SKIP',
+    'IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL',
+    'COMPARISON_FLAGS',
+    'REPORT_UDIFF',
+    'REPORT_CDIFF',
+    'REPORT_NDIFF',
+    'REPORT_ONLY_FIRST_FAILURE',
+    'REPORTING_FLAGS',
+    # 1. Utility Functions
+    # 2. Example & DocTest
+    'Example',
+    'DocTest',
+    # 3. Doctest Parser
+    'DocTestParser',
+    # 4. Doctest Finder
+    'DocTestFinder',
+    # 5. Doctest Runner
+    'DocTestRunner',
+    'OutputChecker',
+    'DocTestFailure',
+    'UnexpectedException',
+    'DebugRunner',
+    # 6. Test Functions
+    'testmod',
+    'testfile',
+    'run_docstring_examples',
+    # 7. Tester
+    'Tester',
+    # 8. Unittest Support
+    'DocTestSuite',
+    'DocFileSuite',
+    'set_unittest_reportflags',
+    # 9. Debugging Support
+    'script_from_examples',
+    'testsource',
+    'debug_src',
+    'debug',
+]
+
+import __future__
+
+import sys, traceback, inspect, linecache, os, re
+import unittest, difflib, pdb, tempfile
+import warnings
+
+from django.utils import six
+from django.utils.six.moves import StringIO, xrange
+
+if sys.platform.startswith('java'):
+    # On Jython, isclass() reports some modules as classes. Patch it.
+    def patch_isclass(isclass):
+        def patched_isclass(obj):
+            return isclass(obj) and hasattr(obj, '__module__')
+        return patched_isclass
+    inspect.isclass = patch_isclass(inspect.isclass)
+
+# There are 4 basic classes:
+#  - Example: a <source, want> pair, plus an intra-docstring line number.
+#  - DocTest: a collection of examples, parsed from a docstring, plus
+#    info about where the docstring came from (name, filename, lineno).
+#  - DocTestFinder: extracts DocTests from a given object's docstring and
+#    its contained objects' docstrings.
+#  - DocTestRunner: runs DocTest cases, and accumulates statistics.
+#
+# So the basic picture is:
+#
+#                             list of:
+# +------+                   +---------+                   +-------+
+# |object| --DocTestFinder-> | DocTest | --DocTestRunner-> |results|
+# +------+                   +---------+                   +-------+
+#                            | Example |
+#                            |   ...   |
+#                            | Example |
+#                            +---------+
+
+# Option constants.
+
+OPTIONFLAGS_BY_NAME = {}
+def register_optionflag(name):
+    # Create a new flag unless `name` is already known.
+    return OPTIONFLAGS_BY_NAME.setdefault(name, 1 << len(OPTIONFLAGS_BY_NAME))
+
+DONT_ACCEPT_TRUE_FOR_1 = register_optionflag('DONT_ACCEPT_TRUE_FOR_1')
+DONT_ACCEPT_BLANKLINE = register_optionflag('DONT_ACCEPT_BLANKLINE')
+NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE = register_optionflag('NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE')
+ELLIPSIS = register_optionflag('ELLIPSIS')
+SKIP = register_optionflag('SKIP')
+IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL = register_optionflag('IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL')
+
+COMPARISON_FLAGS = (DONT_ACCEPT_TRUE_FOR_1 |
+                    DONT_ACCEPT_BLANKLINE |
+                    NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE |
+                    ELLIPSIS |
+                    SKIP |
+                    IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL)
+
+REPORT_UDIFF = register_optionflag('REPORT_UDIFF')
+REPORT_CDIFF = register_optionflag('REPORT_CDIFF')
+REPORT_NDIFF = register_optionflag('REPORT_NDIFF')
+REPORT_ONLY_FIRST_FAILURE = register_optionflag('REPORT_ONLY_FIRST_FAILURE')
+
+REPORTING_FLAGS = (REPORT_UDIFF |
+                   REPORT_CDIFF |
+                   REPORT_NDIFF |
+                   REPORT_ONLY_FIRST_FAILURE)
+
+# Special string markers for use in `want` strings:
+BLANKLINE_MARKER = '<BLANKLINE>'
+ELLIPSIS_MARKER = '...'
+
+######################################################################
+## Table of Contents
+######################################################################
+#  1. Utility Functions
+#  2. Example & DocTest -- store test cases
+#  3. DocTest Parser -- extracts examples from strings
+#  4. DocTest Finder -- extracts test cases from objects
+#  5. DocTest Runner -- runs test cases
+#  6. Test Functions -- convenient wrappers for testing
+#  7. Tester Class -- for backwards compatibility
+#  8. Unittest Support
+#  9. Debugging Support
+# 10. Example Usage
+
+######################################################################
+## 1. Utility Functions
+######################################################################
+
+def _extract_future_flags(globs):
+    """
+    Return the compiler-flags associated with the future features that
+    have been imported into the given namespace (globs).
+    """
+    flags = 0
+    for fname in __future__.all_feature_names:
+        feature = globs.get(fname, None)
+        if feature is getattr(__future__, fname):
+            flags |= feature.compiler_flag
+    return flags
+
+def _normalize_module(module, depth=2):
+    """
+    Return the module specified by `module`.  In particular:
+      - If `module` is a module, then return module.
+      - If `module` is a string, then import and return the
+        module with that name.
+      - If `module` is None, then return the calling module.
+        The calling module is assumed to be the module of
+        the stack frame at the given depth in the call stack.
+    """
+    if inspect.ismodule(module):
+        return module
+    elif isinstance(module, six.string_types):
+        return __import__(module, globals(), locals(), ["*"])
+    elif module is None:
+        return sys.modules[sys._getframe(depth).f_globals['__name__']]
+    else:
+        raise TypeError("Expected a module, string, or None")
+
+def _load_testfile(filename, package, module_relative):
+    if module_relative:
+        package = _normalize_module(package, 3)
+        filename = _module_relative_path(package, filename)
+        if hasattr(package, '__loader__'):
+            if hasattr(package.__loader__, 'get_data'):
+                file_contents = package.__loader__.get_data(filename)
+                # get_data() opens files as 'rb', so one must do the equivalent
+                # conversion as universal newlines would do.
+                return file_contents.replace(os.linesep, '\n'), filename
+    with open(filename) as fp:
+        return fp.read(), filename
+
+def _indent(s, indent=4):
+    """
+    Add the given number of space characters to the beginning every
+    non-blank line in `s`, and return the result.
+    """
+    # This regexp matches the start of non-blank lines:
+    return re.sub('(?m)^(?!$)', indent*' ', s)
+
+def _exception_traceback(exc_info):
+    """
+    Return a string containing a traceback message for the given
+    exc_info tuple (as returned by sys.exc_info()).
+    """
+    # Get a traceback message.
+    excout = StringIO()
+    exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb = exc_info
+    traceback.print_exception(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb, file=excout)
+    return excout.getvalue()
+
+# Override some StringIO methods.
+class _SpoofOut(StringIO):
+    def getvalue(self):
+        result = StringIO.getvalue(self)
+        # If anything at all was written, make sure there's a trailing
+        # newline.  There's no way for the expected output to indicate
+        # that a trailing newline is missing.
+        if result and not result.endswith("\n"):
+            result += "\n"
+        # Prevent softspace from screwing up the next test case, in
+        # case they used print with a trailing comma in an example.
+        if hasattr(self, "softspace"):
+            del self.softspace
+        return result
+
+    def truncate(self,   size=None):
+        StringIO.truncate(self, size)
+        if hasattr(self, "softspace"):
+            del self.softspace
+
+# Worst-case linear-time ellipsis matching.
+def _ellipsis_match(want, got):
+    """
+    Essentially the only subtle case:
+    >>> _ellipsis_match('aa...aa', 'aaa')
+    False
+    """
+    if ELLIPSIS_MARKER not in want:
+        return want == got
+
+    # Find "the real" strings.
+    ws = want.split(ELLIPSIS_MARKER)
+    assert len(ws) >= 2
+
+    # Deal with exact matches possibly needed at one or both ends.
+    startpos, endpos = 0, len(got)
+    w = ws[0]
+    if w:   # starts with exact match
+        if got.startswith(w):
+            startpos = len(w)
+            del ws[0]
+        else:
+            return False
+    w = ws[-1]
+    if w:   # ends with exact match
+        if got.endswith(w):
+            endpos -= len(w)
+            del ws[-1]
+        else:
+            return False
+
+    if startpos > endpos:
+        # Exact end matches required more characters than we have, as in
+        # _ellipsis_match('aa...aa', 'aaa')
+        return False
+
+    # For the rest, we only need to find the leftmost non-overlapping
+    # match for each piece.  If there's no overall match that way alone,
+    # there's no overall match period.
+    for w in ws:
+        # w may be '' at times, if there are consecutive ellipses, or
+        # due to an ellipsis at the start or end of `want`.  That's OK.
+        # Search for an empty string succeeds, and doesn't change startpos.
+        startpos = got.find(w, startpos, endpos)
+        if startpos < 0:
+            return False
+        startpos += len(w)
+
+    return True
+
+def _comment_line(line):
+    "Return a commented form of the given line"
+    line = line.rstrip()
+    if line:
+        return '# '+line
+    else:
+        return '#'
+
+class _OutputRedirectingPdb(pdb.Pdb):
+    """
+    A specialized version of the python debugger that redirects stdout
+    to a given stream when interacting with the user.  Stdout is *not*
+    redirected when traced code is executed.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, out):
+        self.__out = out
+        self.__debugger_used = False
+        pdb.Pdb.__init__(self, stdout=out)
+
+    def set_trace(self, frame=None):
+        self.__debugger_used = True
+        if frame is None:
+            frame = sys._getframe().f_back
+        pdb.Pdb.set_trace(self, frame)
+
+    def set_continue(self):
+        # Calling set_continue unconditionally would break unit test
+        # coverage reporting, as Bdb.set_continue calls sys.settrace(None).
+        if self.__debugger_used:
+            pdb.Pdb.set_continue(self)
+
+    def trace_dispatch(self, *args):
+        # Redirect stdout to the given stream.
+        save_stdout = sys.stdout
+        sys.stdout = self.__out
+        # Call Pdb's trace dispatch method.
+        try:
+            return pdb.Pdb.trace_dispatch(self, *args)
+        finally:
+            sys.stdout = save_stdout
+
+# [XX] Normalize with respect to os.path.pardir?
+def _module_relative_path(module, path):
+    if not inspect.ismodule(module):
+        raise TypeError('Expected a module: %r' % module)
+    if path.startswith('/'):
+        raise ValueError('Module-relative files may not have absolute paths')
+
+    # Find the base directory for the path.
+    if hasattr(module, '__file__'):
+        # A normal module/package
+        basedir = os.path.split(module.__file__)[0]
+    elif module.__name__ == '__main__':
+        # An interactive session.
+        if len(sys.argv)>0 and sys.argv[0] != '':
+            basedir = os.path.split(sys.argv[0])[0]
+        else:
+            basedir = os.curdir
+    else:
+        # A module w/o __file__ (this includes builtins)
+        raise ValueError("Can't resolve paths relative to the module " +
+                         module + " (it has no __file__)")
+
+    # Combine the base directory and the path.
+    return os.path.join(basedir, *(path.split('/')))
+
+######################################################################
+## 2. Example & DocTest
+######################################################################
+## - An "example" is a <source, want> pair, where "source" is a
+##   fragment of source code, and "want" is the expected output for
+##   "source."  The Example class also includes information about
+##   where the example was extracted from.
+##
+## - A "doctest" is a collection of examples, typically extracted from
+##   a string (such as an object's docstring).  The DocTest class also
+##   includes information about where the string was extracted from.
+
+class Example:
+    """
+    A single doctest example, consisting of source code and expected
+    output.  `Example` defines the following attributes:
+
+      - source: A single Python statement, always ending with a newline.
+        The constructor adds a newline if needed.
+
+      - want: The expected output from running the source code (either
+        from stdout, or a traceback in case of exception).  `want` ends
+        with a newline unless it's empty, in which case it's an empty
+        string.  The constructor adds a newline if needed.
+
+      - exc_msg: The exception message generated by the example, if
+        the example is expected to generate an exception; or `None` if
+        it is not expected to generate an exception.  This exception
+        message is compared against the return value of
+        `traceback.format_exception_only()`.  `exc_msg` ends with a
+        newline unless it's `None`.  The constructor adds a newline
+        if needed.
+
+      - lineno: The line number within the DocTest string containing
+        this Example where the Example begins.  This line number is
+        zero-based, with respect to the beginning of the DocTest.
+
+      - indent: The example's indentation in the DocTest string.
+        I.e., the number of space characters that preceed the
+        example's first prompt.
+
+      - options: A dictionary mapping from option flags to True or
+        False, which is used to override default options for this
+        example.  Any option flags not contained in this dictionary
+        are left at their default value (as specified by the
+        DocTestRunner's optionflags).  By default, no options are set.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, source, want, exc_msg=None, lineno=0, indent=0,
+                 options=None):
+        # Normalize inputs.
+        if not source.endswith('\n'):
+            source += '\n'
+        if want and not want.endswith('\n'):
+            want += '\n'
+        if exc_msg is not None and not exc_msg.endswith('\n'):
+            exc_msg += '\n'
+        # Store properties.
+        self.source = source
+        self.want = want
+        self.lineno = lineno
+        self.indent = indent
+        if options is None: options = {}
+        self.options = options
+        self.exc_msg = exc_msg
+
+class DocTest:
+    """
+    A collection of doctest examples that should be run in a single
+    namespace.  Each `DocTest` defines the following attributes:
+
+      - examples: the list of examples.
+
+      - globs: The namespace (aka globals) that the examples should
+        be run in.
+
+      - name: A name identifying the DocTest (typically, the name of
+        the object whose docstring this DocTest was extracted from).
+
+      - filename: The name of the file that this DocTest was extracted
+        from, or `None` if the filename is unknown.
+
+      - lineno: The line number within filename where this DocTest
+        begins, or `None` if the line number is unavailable.  This
+        line number is zero-based, with respect to the beginning of
+        the file.
+
+      - docstring: The string that the examples were extracted from,
+        or `None` if the string is unavailable.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, examples, globs, name, filename, lineno, docstring):
+        """
+        Create a new DocTest containing the given examples.  The
+        DocTest's globals are initialized with a copy of `globs`.
+        """
+        assert not isinstance(examples, six.string_types), \
+               "DocTest no longer accepts str; use DocTestParser instead"
+        self.examples = examples
+        self.docstring = docstring
+        self.globs = globs.copy()
+        self.name = name
+        self.filename = filename
+        self.lineno = lineno
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        if len(self.examples) == 0:
+            examples = 'no examples'
+        elif len(self.examples) == 1:
+            examples = '1 example'
+        else:
+            examples = '%d examples' % len(self.examples)
+        return ('<DocTest %s from %s:%s (%s)>' %
+                (self.name, self.filename, self.lineno, examples))
+
+
+    # This lets us sort tests by name:
+    def _cmpkey(self):
+        return (self.name, self.filename, self.lineno, id(self))
+    def __cmp__(self, other):
+        if not isinstance(other, DocTest):
+            return -1
+        return cmp(self._cmpkey(), other._cmpkey())
+
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        return self._cmpkey() < other._cmpkey()
+
+    def __le__(self, other):
+        return self._cmpkey() <= other._cmpkey()
+
+    def __gt__(self, other):
+        return self._cmpkey() > other._cmpkey()
+
+    def __ge__(self, other):
+        return self._cmpkey() >= other._cmpkey()
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return self._cmpkey() == other._cmpkey()
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return self._cmpkey() != other._cmpkey()
+
+
+######################################################################
+## 3. DocTestParser
+######################################################################
+
+class DocTestParser:
+    """
+    A class used to parse strings containing doctest examples.
+    """
+    # This regular expression is used to find doctest examples in a
+    # string.  It defines three groups: `source` is the source code
+    # (including leading indentation and prompts); `indent` is the
+    # indentation of the first (PS1) line of the source code; and
+    # `want` is the expected output (including leading indentation).
+    _EXAMPLE_RE = re.compile(r'''
+        # Source consists of a PS1 line followed by zero or more PS2 lines.
+        (?P<source>
+            (?:^(?P<indent> [ ]*) >>>    .*)    # PS1 line
+            (?:\n           [ ]*  \.\.\. .*)*)  # PS2 lines
+        \n?
+        # Want consists of any non-blank lines that do not start with PS1.
+        (?P<want> (?:(?![ ]*$)    # Not a blank line
+                     (?![ ]*>>>)  # Not a line starting with PS1
+                     .*$\n?       # But any other line
+                  )*)
+        ''', re.MULTILINE | re.VERBOSE)
+
+    # A regular expression for handling `want` strings that contain
+    # expected exceptions.  It divides `want` into three pieces:
+    #    - the traceback header line (`hdr`)
+    #    - the traceback stack (`stack`)
+    #    - the exception message (`msg`), as generated by
+    #      traceback.format_exception_only()
+    # `msg` may have multiple lines.  We assume/require that the
+    # exception message is the first non-indented line starting with a word
+    # character following the traceback header line.
+    _EXCEPTION_RE = re.compile(r"""
+        # Grab the traceback header.  Different versions of Python have
+        # said different things on the first traceback line.
+        ^(?P<hdr> Traceback\ \(
+            (?: most\ recent\ call\ last
+            |   innermost\ last
+            ) \) :
+        )
+        \s* $                # toss trailing whitespace on the header.
+        (?P<stack> .*?)      # don't blink: absorb stuff until...
+        ^ (?P<msg> \w+ .*)   #     a line *starts* with alphanum.
+        """, re.VERBOSE | re.MULTILINE | re.DOTALL)
+
+    # A callable returning a true value if its argument is a blank line
+    # or contains a single comment.
+    _IS_BLANK_OR_COMMENT = re.compile(r'^[ ]*(#.*)?$').match
+
+    def parse(self, string, name='<string>'):
+        """
+        Divide the given string into examples and intervening text,
+        and return them as a list of alternating Examples and strings.
+        Line numbers for the Examples are 0-based.  The optional
+        argument `name` is a name identifying this string, and is only
+        used for error messages.
+        """
+        string = string.expandtabs()
+        # If all lines begin with the same indentation, then strip it.
+        min_indent = self._min_indent(string)
+        if min_indent > 0:
+            string = '\n'.join([l[min_indent:] for l in string.split('\n')])
+
+        output = []
+        charno, lineno = 0, 0
+        # Find all doctest examples in the string:
+        for m in self._EXAMPLE_RE.finditer(string):
+            # Add the pre-example text to `output`.
+            output.append(string[charno:m.start()])
+            # Update lineno (lines before this example)
+            lineno += string.count('\n', charno, m.start())
+            # Extract info from the regexp match.
+            (source, options, want, exc_msg) = \
+                     self._parse_example(m, name, lineno)
+            # Create an Example, and add it to the list.
+            if not self._IS_BLANK_OR_COMMENT(source):
+                output.append( Example(source, want, exc_msg,
+                                    lineno=lineno,
+                                    indent=min_indent+len(m.group('indent')),
+                                    options=options) )
+            # Update lineno (lines inside this example)
+            lineno += string.count('\n', m.start(), m.end())
+            # Update charno.
+            charno = m.end()
+        # Add any remaining post-example text to `output`.
+        output.append(string[charno:])
+        return output
+
+    def get_doctest(self, string, globs, name, filename, lineno):
+        """
+        Extract all doctest examples from the given string, and
+        collect them into a `DocTest` object.
+
+        `globs`, `name`, `filename`, and `lineno` are attributes for
+        the new `DocTest` object.  See the documentation for `DocTest`
+        for more information.
+        """
+        return DocTest(self.get_examples(string, name), globs,
+                       name, filename, lineno, string)
+
+    def get_examples(self, string, name='<string>'):
+        """
+        Extract all doctest examples from the given string, and return
+        them as a list of `Example` objects.  Line numbers are
+        0-based, because it's most common in doctests that nothing
+        interesting appears on the same line as opening triple-quote,
+        and so the first interesting line is called \"line 1\" then.
+
+        The optional argument `name` is a name identifying this
+        string, and is only used for error messages.
+        """
+        return [x for x in self.parse(string, name)
+                if isinstance(x, Example)]
+
+    def _parse_example(self, m, name, lineno):
+        """
+        Given a regular expression match from `_EXAMPLE_RE` (`m`),
+        return a pair `(source, want)`, where `source` is the matched
+        example's source code (with prompts and indentation stripped);
+        and `want` is the example's expected output (with indentation
+        stripped).
+
+        `name` is the string's name, and `lineno` is the line number
+        where the example starts; both are used for error messages.
+        """
+        # Get the example's indentation level.
+        indent = len(m.group('indent'))
+
+        # Divide source into lines; check that they're properly
+        # indented; and then strip their indentation & prompts.
+        source_lines = m.group('source').split('\n')
+        self._check_prompt_blank(source_lines, indent, name, lineno)
+        self._check_prefix(source_lines[1:], ' '*indent + '.', name, lineno)
+        source = '\n'.join([sl[indent+4:] for sl in source_lines])
+
+        # Divide want into lines; check that it's properly indented; and
+        # then strip the indentation.  Spaces before the last newline should
+        # be preserved, so plain rstrip() isn't good enough.
+        want = m.group('want')
+        want_lines = want.split('\n')
+        if len(want_lines) > 1 and re.match(r' *$', want_lines[-1]):
+            del want_lines[-1]  # forget final newline & spaces after it
+        self._check_prefix(want_lines, ' '*indent, name,
+                           lineno + len(source_lines))
+        want = '\n'.join([wl[indent:] for wl in want_lines])
+
+        # If `want` contains a traceback message, then extract it.
+        m = self._EXCEPTION_RE.match(want)
+        if m:
+            exc_msg = m.group('msg')
+        else:
+            exc_msg = None
+
+        # Extract options from the source.
+        options = self._find_options(source, name, lineno)
+
+        return source, options, want, exc_msg
+
+    # This regular expression looks for option directives in the
+    # source code of an example.  Option directives are comments
+    # starting with "doctest:".  Warning: this may give false
+    # positives for string-literals that contain the string
+    # "#doctest:".  Eliminating these false positives would require
+    # actually parsing the string; but we limit them by ignoring any
+    # line containing "#doctest:" that is *followed* by a quote mark.
+    _OPTION_DIRECTIVE_RE = re.compile(r'#\s*doctest:\s*([^\n\'"]*)$',
+                                      re.MULTILINE)
+
+    def _find_options(self, source, name, lineno):
+        """
+        Return a dictionary containing option overrides extracted from
+        option directives in the given source string.
+
+        `name` is the string's name, and `lineno` is the line number
+        where the example starts; both are used for error messages.
+        """
+        options = {}
+        # (note: with the current regexp, this will match at most once:)
+        for m in self._OPTION_DIRECTIVE_RE.finditer(source):
+            option_strings = m.group(1).replace(',', ' ').split()
+            for option in option_strings:
+                if (option[0] not in '+-' or
+                    option[1:] not in OPTIONFLAGS_BY_NAME):
+                    raise ValueError('line %r of the doctest for %s '
+                                     'has an invalid option: %r' %
+                                     (lineno+1, name, option))
+                flag = OPTIONFLAGS_BY_NAME[option[1:]]
+                options[flag] = (option[0] == '+')
+        if options and self._IS_BLANK_OR_COMMENT(source):
+            raise ValueError('line %r of the doctest for %s has an option '
+                             'directive on a line with no example: %r' %
+                             (lineno, name, source))
+        return options
+
+    # This regular expression finds the indentation of every non-blank
+    # line in a string.
+    _INDENT_RE = re.compile('^([ ]*)(?=\S)', re.MULTILINE)
+
+    def _min_indent(self, s):
+        "Return the minimum indentation of any non-blank line in `s`"
+        indents = [len(indent) for indent in self._INDENT_RE.findall(s)]
+        if len(indents) > 0:
+            return min(indents)
+        else:
+            return 0
+
+    def _check_prompt_blank(self, lines, indent, name, lineno):
+        """
+        Given the lines of a source string (including prompts and
+        leading indentation), check to make sure that every prompt is
+        followed by a space character.  If any line is not followed by
+        a space character, then raise ValueError.
+        """
+        for i, line in enumerate(lines):
+            if len(line) >= indent+4 and line[indent+3] != ' ':
+                raise ValueError('line %r of the docstring for %s '
+                                 'lacks blank after %s: %r' %
+                                 (lineno+i+1, name,
+                                  line[indent:indent+3], line))
+
+    def _check_prefix(self, lines, prefix, name, lineno):
+        """
+        Check that every line in the given list starts with the given
+        prefix; if any line does not, then raise a ValueError.
+        """
+        for i, line in enumerate(lines):
+            if line and not line.startswith(prefix):
+                raise ValueError('line %r of the docstring for %s has '
+                                 'inconsistent leading whitespace: %r' %
+                                 (lineno+i+1, name, line))
+
+
+######################################################################
+## 4. DocTest Finder
+######################################################################
+
+class DocTestFinder:
+    """
+    A class used to extract the DocTests that are relevant to a given
+    object, from its docstring and the docstrings of its contained
+    objects.  Doctests can currently be extracted from the following
+    object types: modules, functions, classes, methods, staticmethods,
+    classmethods, and properties.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, verbose=False, parser=DocTestParser(),
+                 recurse=True, exclude_empty=True):
+        """
+        Create a new doctest finder.
+
+        The optional argument `parser` specifies a class or
+        function that should be used to create new DocTest objects (or
+        objects that implement the same interface as DocTest).  The
+        signature for this factory function should match the signature
+        of the DocTest constructor.
+
+        If the optional argument `recurse` is false, then `find` will
+        only examine the given object, and not any contained objects.
+
+        If the optional argument `exclude_empty` is false, then `find`
+        will include tests for objects with empty docstrings.
+        """
+        self._parser = parser
+        self._verbose = verbose
+        self._recurse = recurse
+        self._exclude_empty = exclude_empty
+
+    def find(self, obj, name=None, module=None, globs=None, extraglobs=None):
+        """
+        Return a list of the DocTests that are defined by the given
+        object's docstring, or by any of its contained objects'
+        docstrings.
+
+        The optional parameter `module` is the module that contains
+        the given object.  If the module is not specified or is None, then
+        the test finder will attempt to automatically determine the
+        correct module.  The object's module is used:
+
+            - As a default namespace, if `globs` is not specified.
+            - To prevent the DocTestFinder from extracting DocTests
+              from objects that are imported from other modules.
+            - To find the name of the file containing the object.
+            - To help find the line number of the object within its
+              file.
+
+        Contained objects whose module does not match `module` are ignored.
+
+        If `module` is False, no attempt to find the module will be made.
+        This is obscure, of use mostly in tests:  if `module` is False, or
+        is None but cannot be found automatically, then all objects are
+        considered to belong to the (non-existent) module, so all contained
+        objects will (recursively) be searched for doctests.
+
+        The globals for each DocTest is formed by combining `globs`
+        and `extraglobs` (bindings in `extraglobs` override bindings
+        in `globs`).  A new copy of the globals dictionary is created
+        for each DocTest.  If `globs` is not specified, then it
+        defaults to the module's `__dict__`, if specified, or {}
+        otherwise.  If `extraglobs` is not specified, then it defaults
+        to {}.
+
+        """
+        # If name was not specified, then extract it from the object.
+        if name is None:
+            name = getattr(obj, '__name__', None)
+            if name is None:
+                raise ValueError("DocTestFinder.find: name must be given "
+                        "when obj.__name__ doesn't exist: %r" %
+                                 (type(obj),))
+
+        # Find the module that contains the given object (if obj is
+        # a module, then module=obj.).  Note: this may fail, in which
+        # case module will be None.
+        if module is False:
+            module = None
+        elif module is None:
+            module = inspect.getmodule(obj)
+
+        # Read the module's source code.  This is used by
+        # DocTestFinder._find_lineno to find the line number for a
+        # given object's docstring.
+        try:
+            file = inspect.getsourcefile(obj) or inspect.getfile(obj)
+            source_lines = linecache.getlines(file)
+            if not source_lines:
+                source_lines = None
+        except TypeError:
+            source_lines = None
+
+        # Initialize globals, and merge in extraglobs.
+        if globs is None:
+            if module is None:
+                globs = {}
+            else:
+                globs = module.__dict__.copy()
+        else:
+            globs = globs.copy()
+        if extraglobs is not None:
+            globs.update(extraglobs)
+
+        # Recursively explore `obj`, extracting DocTests.
+        tests = []
+        self._find(tests, obj, name, module, source_lines, globs, {})
+        return tests
+
+    def _from_module(self, module, object):
+        """
+        Return true if the given object is defined in the given
+        module.
+        """
+        if module is None:
+            return True
+        elif inspect.isfunction(object):
+            return module.__dict__ is six.get_function_globals(object)
+        elif inspect.isclass(object):
+            return module.__name__ == object.__module__
+        elif inspect.getmodule(object) is not None:
+            return module is inspect.getmodule(object)
+        elif hasattr(object, '__module__'):
+            return module.__name__ == object.__module__
+        elif isinstance(object, property):
+            return True # [XX] no way not be sure.
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("object must be a class or function")
+
+    def _find(self, tests, obj, name, module, source_lines, globs, seen):
+        """
+        Find tests for the given object and any contained objects, and
+        add them to `tests`.
+        """
+        if self._verbose:
+            print('Finding tests in %s' % name)
+
+        # If we've already processed this object, then ignore it.
+        if id(obj) in seen:
+            return
+        seen[id(obj)] = 1
+
+        # Find a test for this object, and add it to the list of tests.
+        test = self._get_test(obj, name, module, globs, source_lines)
+        if test is not None:
+            tests.append(test)
+
+        # Look for tests in a module's contained objects.
+        if inspect.ismodule(obj) and self._recurse:
+            for valname, val in obj.__dict__.items():
+                valname = '%s.%s' % (name, valname)
+                # Recurse to functions & classes.
+                if ((inspect.isfunction(val) or inspect.isclass(val)) and
+                    self._from_module(module, val)):
+                    self._find(tests, val, valname, module, source_lines,
+                               globs, seen)
+
+        # Look for tests in a module's __test__ dictionary.
+        if inspect.ismodule(obj) and self._recurse:
+            for valname, val in getattr(obj, '__test__', {}).items():
+                if not isinstance(valname, six.string_types):
+                    raise ValueError("DocTestFinder.find: __test__ keys "
+                                     "must be strings: %r" %
+                                     (type(valname),))
+                if not (inspect.isfunction(val) or inspect.isclass(val) or
+                        inspect.ismethod(val) or inspect.ismodule(val) or
+                        isinstance(val, six.string_types)):
+                    raise ValueError("DocTestFinder.find: __test__ values "
+                                     "must be strings, functions, methods, "
+                                     "classes, or modules: %r" %
+                                     (type(val),))
+                valname = '%s.__test__.%s' % (name, valname)
+                self._find(tests, val, valname, module, source_lines,
+                           globs, seen)
+
+        # Look for tests in a class's contained objects.
+        if inspect.isclass(obj) and self._recurse:
+            for valname, val in obj.__dict__.items():
+                # Special handling for staticmethod/classmethod.
+                if isinstance(val, staticmethod):
+                    val = getattr(obj, valname)
+                if isinstance(val, classmethod):
+                    val = getattr(obj, valname).__func__
+
+                # Recurse to methods, properties, and nested classes.
+                if ((inspect.isfunction(val) or inspect.isclass(val) or
+                      isinstance(val, property)) and
+                      self._from_module(module, val)):
+                    valname = '%s.%s' % (name, valname)
+                    self._find(tests, val, valname, module, source_lines,
+                               globs, seen)
+
+    def _get_test(self, obj, name, module, globs, source_lines):
+        """
+        Return a DocTest for the given object, if it defines a docstring;
+        otherwise, return None.
+        """
+        # Extract the object's docstring.  If it doesn't have one,
+        # then return None (no test for this object).
+        if isinstance(obj, six.string_types):
+            docstring = obj
+        else:
+            try:
+                if obj.__doc__ is None:
+                    docstring = ''
+                else:
+                    docstring = obj.__doc__
+                    if not isinstance(docstring, six.string_types):
+                        docstring = str(docstring)
+            except (TypeError, AttributeError):
+                docstring = ''
+
+        # Find the docstring's location in the file.
+        lineno = self._find_lineno(obj, source_lines)
+
+        # Don't bother if the docstring is empty.
+        if self._exclude_empty and not docstring:
+            return None
+
+        # Return a DocTest for this object.
+        if module is None:
+            filename = None
+        else:
+            filename = getattr(module, '__file__', module.__name__)
+            if filename[-4:] in (".pyc", ".pyo"):
+                filename = filename[:-1]
+        return self._parser.get_doctest(docstring, globs, name,
+                                        filename, lineno)
+
+    def _find_lineno(self, obj, source_lines):
+        """
+        Return a line number of the given object's docstring.  Note:
+        this method assumes that the object has a docstring.
+        """
+        lineno = None
+
+        # Find the line number for modules.
+        if inspect.ismodule(obj):
+            lineno = 0
+
+        # Find the line number for classes.
+        # Note: this could be fooled if a class is defined multiple
+        # times in a single file.
+        if inspect.isclass(obj):
+            if source_lines is None:
+                return None
+            pat = re.compile(r'^\s*class\s*%s\b' %
+                             getattr(obj, '__name__', '-'))
+            for i, line in enumerate(source_lines):
+                if pat.match(line):
+                    lineno = i
+                    break
+
+        # Find the line number for functions & methods.
+        if inspect.ismethod(obj): obj = obj.__func__
+        if inspect.isfunction(obj): obj = six.get_function_code(obj)
+        if inspect.istraceback(obj): obj = obj.tb_frame
+        if inspect.isframe(obj): obj = obj.f_code
+        if inspect.iscode(obj):
+            lineno = getattr(obj, 'co_firstlineno', None)-1
+
+        # Find the line number where the docstring starts.  Assume
+        # that it's the first line that begins with a quote mark.
+        # Note: this could be fooled by a multiline function
+        # signature, where a continuation line begins with a quote
+        # mark.
+        if lineno is not None:
+            if source_lines is None:
+                return lineno+1
+            pat = re.compile('(^|.*:)\s*\w*("|\')')
+            for lineno in range(lineno, len(source_lines)):
+                if pat.match(source_lines[lineno]):
+                    return lineno
+
+        # We couldn't find the line number.
+        return None
+
+######################################################################
+## 5. DocTest Runner
+######################################################################
+
+class DocTestRunner:
+    """
+    A class used to run DocTest test cases, and accumulate statistics.
+    The `run` method is used to process a single DocTest case.  It
+    returns a tuple `(f, t)`, where `t` is the number of test cases
+    tried, and `f` is the number of test cases that failed.
+
+        >>> tests = DocTestFinder().find(_TestClass)
+        >>> runner = DocTestRunner(verbose=False)
+        >>> for test in tests:
+        ...     print(runner.run(test))
+        (0, 2)
+        (0, 1)
+        (0, 2)
+        (0, 2)
+
+    The `summarize` method prints a summary of all the test cases that
+    have been run by the runner, and returns an aggregated `(f, t)`
+    tuple:
+
+        >>> runner.summarize(verbose=1)
+        4 items passed all tests:
+           2 tests in _TestClass
+           2 tests in _TestClass.__init__
+           2 tests in _TestClass.get
+           1 tests in _TestClass.square
+        7 tests in 4 items.
+        7 passed and 0 failed.
+        Test passed.
+        (0, 7)
+
+    The aggregated number of tried examples and failed examples is
+    also available via the `tries` and `failures` attributes:
+
+        >>> runner.tries
+        7
+        >>> runner.failures
+        0
+
+    The comparison between expected outputs and actual outputs is done
+    by an `OutputChecker`.  This comparison may be customized with a
+    number of option flags; see the documentation for `testmod` for
+    more information.  If the option flags are insufficient, then the
+    comparison may also be customized by passing a subclass of
+    `OutputChecker` to the constructor.
+
+    The test runner's display output can be controlled in two ways.
+    First, an output function (`out) can be passed to
+    `TestRunner.run`; this function will be called with strings that
+    should be displayed.  It defaults to `sys.stdout.write`.  If
+    capturing the output is not sufficient, then the display output
+    can be also customized by subclassing DocTestRunner, and
+    overriding the methods `report_start`, `report_success`,
+    `report_unexpected_exception`, and `report_failure`.
+    """
+    # This divider string is used to separate failure messages, and to
+    # separate sections of the summary.
+    DIVIDER = "*" * 70
+
+    def __init__(self, checker=None, verbose=None, optionflags=0):
+        """
+        Create a new test runner.
+
+        Optional keyword arg `checker` is the `OutputChecker` that
+        should be used to compare the expected outputs and actual
+        outputs of doctest examples.
+
+        Optional keyword arg 'verbose' prints lots of stuff if true,
+        only failures if false; by default, it's true iff '-v' is in
+        sys.argv.
+
+        Optional argument `optionflags` can be used to control how the
+        test runner compares expected output to actual output, and how
+        it displays failures.  See the documentation for `testmod` for
+        more information.
+        """
+        self._checker = checker or OutputChecker()
+        if verbose is None:
+            verbose = '-v' in sys.argv
+        self._verbose = verbose
+        self.optionflags = optionflags
+        self.original_optionflags = optionflags
+
+        # Keep track of the examples we've run.
+        self.tries = 0
+        self.failures = 0
+        self._name2ft = {}
+
+        # Create a fake output target for capturing doctest output.
+        self._fakeout = _SpoofOut()
+
+    #/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    # Reporting methods
+    #/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+    def report_start(self, out, test, example):
+        """
+        Report that the test runner is about to process the given
+        example.  (Only displays a message if verbose=True)
+        """
+        if self._verbose:
+            if example.want:
+                out('Trying:\n' + _indent(example.source) +
+                    'Expecting:\n' + _indent(example.want))
+            else:
+                out('Trying:\n' + _indent(example.source) +
+                    'Expecting nothing\n')
+
+    def report_success(self, out, test, example, got):
+        """
+        Report that the given example ran successfully.  (Only
+        displays a message if verbose=True)
+        """
+        if self._verbose:
+            out("ok\n")
+
+    def report_failure(self, out, test, example, got):
+        """
+        Report that the given example failed.
+        """
+        out(self._failure_header(test, example) +
+            self._checker.output_difference(example, got, self.optionflags))
+
+    def report_unexpected_exception(self, out, test, example, exc_info):
+        """
+        Report that the given example raised an unexpected exception.
+        """
+        out(self._failure_header(test, example) +
+            'Exception raised:\n' + _indent(_exception_traceback(exc_info)))
+
+    def _failure_header(self, test, example):
+        out = [self.DIVIDER]
+        if test.filename:
+            if test.lineno is not None and example.lineno is not None:
+                lineno = test.lineno + example.lineno + 1
+            else:
+                lineno = '?'
+            out.append('File "%s", line %s, in %s' %
+                       (test.filename, lineno, test.name))
+        else:
+            out.append('Line %s, in %s' % (example.lineno+1, test.name))
+        out.append('Failed example:')
+        source = example.source
+        out.append(_indent(source))
+        return '\n'.join(out)
+
+    #/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    # DocTest Running
+    #/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+    def __run(self, test, compileflags, out):
+        """
+        Run the examples in `test`.  Write the outcome of each example
+        with one of the `DocTestRunner.report_*` methods, using the
+        writer function `out`.  `compileflags` is the set of compiler
+        flags that should be used to execute examples.  Return a tuple
+        `(f, t)`, where `t` is the number of examples tried, and `f`
+        is the number of examples that failed.  The examples are run
+        in the namespace `test.globs`.
+        """
+        # Keep track of the number of failures and tries.
+        failures = tries = 0
+
+        # Save the option flags (since option directives can be used
+        # to modify them).
+        original_optionflags = self.optionflags
+
+        SUCCESS, FAILURE, BOOM = range(3) # `outcome` state
+
+        check = self._checker.check_output
+
+        # Process each example.
+        for examplenum, example in enumerate(test.examples):
+
+            # If REPORT_ONLY_FIRST_FAILURE is set, then suppress
+            # reporting after the first failure.
+            quiet = (self.optionflags & REPORT_ONLY_FIRST_FAILURE and
+                     failures > 0)
+
+            # Merge in the example's options.
+            self.optionflags = original_optionflags
+            if example.options:
+                for (optionflag, val) in example.options.items():
+                    if val:
+                        self.optionflags |= optionflag
+                    else:
+                        self.optionflags &= ~optionflag
+
+            # If 'SKIP' is set, then skip this example.
+            if self.optionflags & SKIP:
+                continue
+
+            # Record that we started this example.
+            tries += 1
+            if not quiet:
+                self.report_start(out, test, example)
+
+            # Use a special filename for compile(), so we can retrieve
+            # the source code during interactive debugging (see
+            # __patched_linecache_getlines).
+            filename = '<doctest %s[%d]>' % (test.name, examplenum)
+
+            # Doctest and Py3 issue:
+            # If the current example that we wish to run is going to fail
+            # because it expects a leading u"", then use an alternate displayhook
+            original_displayhook = sys.displayhook
+
+            if six.PY3:
+                 # only set alternate displayhook if Python 3.x or after
+                lines = []
+                def py3_displayhook(value):
+                    if value is None:
+                        # None should not be considered at all
+                        return original_displayhook(value)
+
+                    # Collect the repr output in one variable
+                    s = repr(value)
+                    # Strip b"" and u"" prefixes from the repr and expected output
+                    # TODO: better way of stripping the prefixes?
+                    expected = example.want
+                    expected = expected.strip() # be wary of newlines
+                    s = s.replace("u", "")
+                    s = s.replace("b", "")
+                    expected = expected.replace("u", "")
+                    expected = expected.replace("b", "")
+                    # single quote vs. double quote should not matter
+                    # default all quote marks to double quote
+                    s = s.replace("'", '"')
+                    expected = expected.replace("'", '"')
+
+                    # In case of multi-line expected result
+                    lines.append(s)
+
+                    # let them match
+                    if s == expected: # be wary of false positives here
+                        # they should be the same, print expected value
+                        sys.stdout.write("%s\n" % example.want.strip())
+
+                    # multi-line expected output, doctest uses loop
+                    elif len(expected.split("\n")) == len(lines):
+                        if "\n".join(lines) == expected:
+                            sys.stdout.write("%s\n" % example.want.strip())
+                        else:
+                            sys.stdout.write("%s\n" % repr(value))
+                    elif len(expected.split("\n")) != len(lines):
+                        # we are not done looping yet, do not print anything!
+                        pass
+
+                    else:
+                        sys.stdout.write("%s\n" % repr(value))
+
+                sys.displayhook = py3_displayhook
+
+            # Run the example in the given context (globs), and record
+            # any exception that gets raised.  (But don't intercept
+            # keyboard interrupts.)
+            try:
+                # Don't blink!  This is where the user's code gets run.
+                six.exec_(compile(example.source, filename, "single",
+                             compileflags, 1), test.globs)
+                self.debugger.set_continue() # ==== Example Finished ====
+                exception = None
+            except KeyboardInterrupt:
+                raise
+            except:
+                exception = sys.exc_info()
+                self.debugger.set_continue() # ==== Example Finished ====
+            finally:
+                # restore the original displayhook
+                sys.displayhook = original_displayhook
+
+            got = self._fakeout.getvalue()  # the actual output
+            self._fakeout.truncate(0)
+            # Python 3.1 requires seek after truncate
+            self._fakeout.seek(0)
+            outcome = FAILURE   # guilty until proved innocent or insane
+
+            # If the example executed without raising any exceptions,
+            # verify its output.
+            if exception is None:
+                if check(example.want, got, self.optionflags):
+                    outcome = SUCCESS
+
+            # The example raised an exception:  check if it was expected.
+            else:
+                exc_msg = traceback.format_exception_only(*exception[:2])[-1]
+                if six.PY3:
+                    # module name will be in group(1) and the expected
+                    # exception message will be in group(2)
+                    m = re.match(r'(.*)\.(\w+:.+\s)', exc_msg)
+                    # make sure there's a match
+                    if m != None:
+                        f_name = m.group(1)
+                        # check to see if m.group(1) contains the module name
+                        if f_name == exception[0].__module__:
+                            # strip the module name from exc_msg
+                            exc_msg = m.group(2)
+
+                if not quiet:
+                    got += _exception_traceback(exception)
+
+                # If `example.exc_msg` is None, then we weren't expecting
+                # an exception.
+                if example.exc_msg is None:
+                    outcome = BOOM
+
+                # We expected an exception:  see whether it matches.
+                elif check(example.exc_msg, exc_msg, self.optionflags):
+                    outcome = SUCCESS
+
+                # Another chance if they didn't care about the detail.
+                elif self.optionflags & IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL:
+                    m1 = re.match(r'[^:]*:', example.exc_msg)
+                    m2 = re.match(r'[^:]*:', exc_msg)
+                    if m1 and m2 and check(m1.group(0), m2.group(0),
+                                           self.optionflags):
+                        outcome = SUCCESS
+
+            # Report the outcome.
+            if outcome is SUCCESS:
+                if not quiet:
+                    self.report_success(out, test, example, got)
+            elif outcome is FAILURE:
+                if not quiet:
+                    self.report_failure(out, test, example, got)
+                failures += 1
+            elif outcome is BOOM:
+                if not quiet:
+                    self.report_unexpected_exception(out, test, example,
+                                                     exception)
+                failures += 1
+            else:
+                assert False, ("unknown outcome", outcome)
+
+        # Restore the option flags (in case they were modified)
+        self.optionflags = original_optionflags
+
+        # Record and return the number of failures and tries.
+        self.__record_outcome(test, failures, tries)
+        return failures, tries
+
+    def __record_outcome(self, test, f, t):
+        """
+        Record the fact that the given DocTest (`test`) generated `f`
+        failures out of `t` tried examples.
+        """
+        f2, t2 = self._name2ft.get(test.name, (0,0))
+        self._name2ft[test.name] = (f+f2, t+t2)
+        self.failures += f
+        self.tries += t
+
+    __LINECACHE_FILENAME_RE = re.compile(r'<doctest '
+                                         r'(?P<name>[\w\.]+)'
+                                         r'\[(?P<examplenum>\d+)\]>$')
+    def __patched_linecache_getlines(self, filename, module_globals=None):
+        m = self.__LINECACHE_FILENAME_RE.match(filename)
+        if m and m.group('name') == self.test.name:
+            example = self.test.examples[int(m.group('examplenum'))]
+            return example.source.splitlines(True)
+        else:
+            return self.save_linecache_getlines(filename, module_globals)
+
+    def run(self, test, compileflags=None, out=None, clear_globs=True):
+        """
+        Run the examples in `test`, and display the results using the
+        writer function `out`.
+
+        The examples are run in the namespace `test.globs`.  If
+        `clear_globs` is true (the default), then this namespace will
+        be cleared after the test runs, to help with garbage
+        collection.  If you would like to examine the namespace after
+        the test completes, then use `clear_globs=False`.
+
+        `compileflags` gives the set of flags that should be used by
+        the Python compiler when running the examples.  If not
+        specified, then it will default to the set of future-import
+        flags that apply to `globs`.
+
+        The output of each example is checked using
+        `DocTestRunner.check_output`, and the results are formatted by
+        the `DocTestRunner.report_*` methods.
+        """
+        self.test = test
+
+        if compileflags is None:
+            compileflags = _extract_future_flags(test.globs)
+
+        save_stdout = sys.stdout
+        if out is None:
+            out = save_stdout.write
+        sys.stdout = self._fakeout
+
+        # Patch pdb.set_trace to restore sys.stdout during interactive
+        # debugging (so it's not still redirected to self._fakeout).
+        # Note that the interactive output will go to *our*
+        # save_stdout, even if that's not the real sys.stdout; this
+        # allows us to write test cases for the set_trace behavior.
+        save_set_trace = pdb.set_trace
+        self.debugger = _OutputRedirectingPdb(save_stdout)
+        self.debugger.reset()
+        pdb.set_trace = self.debugger.set_trace
+
+        # Patch linecache.getlines, so we can see the example's source
+        # when we're inside the debugger.
+        self.save_linecache_getlines = linecache.getlines
+        linecache.getlines = self.__patched_linecache_getlines
+
+        try:
+            return self.__run(test, compileflags, out)
+        finally:
+            sys.stdout = save_stdout
+            pdb.set_trace = save_set_trace
+            linecache.getlines = self.save_linecache_getlines
+            if clear_globs:
+                test.globs.clear()
+
+    #/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    # Summarization
+    #/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    def summarize(self, verbose=None):
+        """
+        Print a summary of all the test cases that have been run by
+        this DocTestRunner, and return a tuple `(f, t)`, where `f` is
+        the total number of failed examples, and `t` is the total
+        number of tried examples.
+
+        The optional `verbose` argument controls how detailed the
+        summary is.  If the verbosity is not specified, then the
+        DocTestRunner's verbosity is used.
+        """
+        if verbose is None:
+            verbose = self._verbose
+        notests = []
+        passed = []
+        failed = []
+        totalt = totalf = 0
+        for x in self._name2ft.items():
+            name, (f, t) = x
+            assert f <= t
+            totalt += t
+            totalf += f
+            if t == 0:
+                notests.append(name)
+            elif f == 0:
+                passed.append( (name, t) )
+            else:
+                failed.append(x)
+        if verbose:
+            if notests:
+                print("%d items had no tests:" % len(notests))
+                notests.sort()
+                for thing in notests:
+                    print("    %s" % thing)
+            if passed:
+                print("%d items passed all tests:" % len(passed))
+                passed.sort()
+                for thing, count in passed:
+                    print(" %3d tests in %s" % (count, thing))
+        if failed:
+            print(self.DIVIDER)
+            print("%d items had failures:" % len(failed))
+            failed.sort()
+            for thing, (f, t) in failed:
+                print(" %3d of %3d in %s" % (f, t, thing))
+        if verbose:
+            print("%d tests in % d items" % (len(self._name2ft), totalt))
+            print("%d passed and %d failed." % (totalt - totalf,  totalf))
+        if totalf:
+            print("***Test Failed*** %d failures." % totalf)
+        elif verbose:
+            print("Test passed.")
+        return totalf, totalt
+
+    #/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    # Backward compatibility cruft to maintain doctest.master.
+    #/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    def merge(self, other):
+        d = self._name2ft
+        for name, (f, t) in other._name2ft.items():
+            if name in d:
+                print("*** DocTestRunner.merge: '" + name + "' in both" \
+                    " testers; summing outcomes.")
+                f2, t2 = d[name]
+                f = f + f2
+                t = t + t2
+            d[name] = f, t
+
+class OutputChecker:
+    """
+    A class used to check the whether the actual output from a doctest
+    example matches the expected output.  `OutputChecker` defines two
+    methods: `check_output`, which compares a given pair of outputs,
+    and returns true if they match; and `output_difference`, which
+    returns a string describing the differences between two outputs.
+    """
+    def check_output(self, want, got, optionflags):
+        """
+        Return True iff the actual output from an example (`got`)
+        matches the expected output (`want`).  These strings are
+        always considered to match if they are identical; but
+        depending on what option flags the test runner is using,
+        several non-exact match types are also possible.  See the
+        documentation for `TestRunner` for more information about
+        option flags.
+        """
+        # Handle the common case first, for efficiency:
+        # if they're string-identical, always return true.
+        if got == want:
+            return True
+
+        # The values True and False replaced 1 and 0 as the return
+        # value for boolean comparisons in Python 2.3.
+        if not (optionflags & DONT_ACCEPT_TRUE_FOR_1):
+            if (got,want) == ("True\n", "1\n"):
+                return True
+            if (got,want) == ("False\n", "0\n"):
+                return True
+
+        # <BLANKLINE> can be used as a special sequence to signify a
+        # blank line, unless the DONT_ACCEPT_BLANKLINE flag is used.
+        if not (optionflags & DONT_ACCEPT_BLANKLINE):
+            # Replace <BLANKLINE> in want with a blank line.
+            want = re.sub('(?m)^%s\s*?$' % re.escape(BLANKLINE_MARKER),
+                          '', want)
+            # If a line in got contains only spaces, then remove the
+            # spaces.
+            got = re.sub('(?m)^\s*?$', '', got)
+            if got == want:
+                return True
+
+        # This flag causes doctest to ignore any differences in the
+        # contents of whitespace strings.  Note that this can be used
+        # in conjunction with the ELLIPSIS flag.
+        if optionflags & NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE:
+            got = ' '.join(got.split())
+            want = ' '.join(want.split())
+            if got == want:
+                return True
+
+        # The ELLIPSIS flag says to let the sequence "..." in `want`
+        # match any substring in `got`.
+        if optionflags & ELLIPSIS:
+            if _ellipsis_match(want, got):
+                return True
+
+        # We didn't find any match; return false.
+        return False
+
+    # Should we do a fancy diff?
+    def _do_a_fancy_diff(self, want, got, optionflags):
+        # Not unless they asked for a fancy diff.
+        if not optionflags & (REPORT_UDIFF |
+                              REPORT_CDIFF |
+                              REPORT_NDIFF):
+            return False
+
+        # If expected output uses ellipsis, a meaningful fancy diff is
+        # too hard ... or maybe not.  In two real-life failures Tim saw,
+        # a diff was a major help anyway, so this is commented out.
+        # [todo] _ellipsis_match() knows which pieces do and don't match,
+        # and could be the basis for a kick-ass diff in this case.
+        ##if optionflags & ELLIPSIS and ELLIPSIS_MARKER in want:
+        ##    return False
+
+        # ndiff does intraline difference marking, so can be useful even
+        # for 1-line differences.
+        if optionflags & REPORT_NDIFF:
+            return True
+
+        # The other diff types need at least a few lines to be helpful.
+        return want.count('\n') > 2 and got.count('\n') > 2
+
+    def output_difference(self, example, got, optionflags):
+        """
+        Return a string describing the differences between the
+        expected output for a given example (`example`) and the actual
+        output (`got`).  `optionflags` is the set of option flags used
+        to compare `want` and `got`.
+        """
+        want = example.want
+        # If <BLANKLINE>s are being used, then replace blank lines
+        # with <BLANKLINE> in the actual output string.
+        if not (optionflags & DONT_ACCEPT_BLANKLINE):
+            got = re.sub('(?m)^[ ]*(?=\n)', BLANKLINE_MARKER, got)
+
+        # Check if we should use diff.
+        if self._do_a_fancy_diff(want, got, optionflags):
+            # Split want & got into lines.
+            want_lines = want.splitlines(True)  # True == keep line ends
+            got_lines = got.splitlines(True)
+            # Use difflib to find their differences.
+            if optionflags & REPORT_UDIFF:
+                diff = difflib.unified_diff(want_lines, got_lines, n=2)
+                diff = list(diff)[2:] # strip the diff header
+                kind = 'unified diff with -expected +actual'
+            elif optionflags & REPORT_CDIFF:
+                diff = difflib.context_diff(want_lines, got_lines, n=2)
+                diff = list(diff)[2:] # strip the diff header
+                kind = 'context diff with expected followed by actual'
+            elif optionflags & REPORT_NDIFF:
+                engine = difflib.Differ(charjunk=difflib.IS_CHARACTER_JUNK)
+                diff = list(engine.compare(want_lines, got_lines))
+                kind = 'ndiff with -expected +actual'
+            else:
+                assert 0, 'Bad diff option'
+            # Remove trailing whitespace on diff output.
+            diff = [line.rstrip() + '\n' for line in diff]
+            return 'Differences (%s):\n' % kind + _indent(''.join(diff))
+
+        # If we're not using diff, then simply list the expected
+        # output followed by the actual output.
+        if want and got:
+            return 'Expected:\n%sGot:\n%s' % (_indent(want), _indent(got))
+        elif want:
+            return 'Expected:\n%sGot nothing\n' % _indent(want)
+        elif got:
+            return 'Expected nothing\nGot:\n%s' % _indent(got)
+        else:
+            return 'Expected nothing\nGot nothing\n'
+
+class DocTestFailure(Exception):
+    """A DocTest example has failed in debugging mode.
+
+    The exception instance has variables:
+
+    - test: the DocTest object being run
+
+    - example: the Example object that failed
+
+    - got: the actual output
+    """
+    def __init__(self, test, example, got):
+        self.test = test
+        self.example = example
+        self.got = got
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return str(self.test)
+
+class UnexpectedException(Exception):
+    """A DocTest example has encountered an unexpected exception
+
+    The exception instance has variables:
+
+    - test: the DocTest object being run
+
+    - example: the Example object that failed
+
+    - exc_info: the exception info
+    """
+    def __init__(self, test, example, exc_info):
+        self.test = test
+        self.example = example
+        self.exc_info = exc_info
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return str(self.test)
+
+class DebugRunner(DocTestRunner):
+    r"""Run doc tests but raise an exception as soon as there is a failure.
+
+       If an unexpected exception occurs, an UnexpectedException is raised.
+       It contains the test, the example, and the original exception:
+
+         >>> runner = DebugRunner(verbose=False)
+         >>> test = DocTestParser().get_doctest('>>> raise KeyError\n42',
+         ...                                    {}, 'foo', 'foo.py', 0)
+         >>> try:
+         ...     runner.run(test)
+         ... except UnexpectedException as e:
+         ...     failure = e
+
+         >>> failure.test is test
+         True
+
+         >>> failure.example.want
+         '42\n'
+
+         >>> exc_info = failure.exc_info
+         >>> raise exc_info[0], exc_info[1], exc_info[2]
+         Traceback (most recent call last):
+         ...
+         KeyError
+
+       We wrap the original exception to give the calling application
+       access to the test and example information.
+
+       If the output doesn't match, then a DocTestFailure is raised:
+
+         >>> test = DocTestParser().get_doctest('''
+         ...      >>> x = 1
+         ...      >>> x
+         ...      2
+         ...      ''', {}, 'foo', 'foo.py', 0)
+
+         >>> try:
+         ...    runner.run(test)
+         ... except DocTestFailure as e:
+         ...    failure = e
+
+       DocTestFailure objects provide access to the test:
+
+         >>> failure.test is test
+         True
+
+       As well as to the example:
+
+         >>> failure.example.want
+         '2\n'
+
+       and the actual output:
+
+         >>> failure.got
+         '1\n'
+
+       If a failure or error occurs, the globals are left intact:
+
+         >>> del test.globs['__builtins__']
+         >>> test.globs
+         {'x': 1}
+
+         >>> test = DocTestParser().get_doctest('''
+         ...      >>> x = 2
+         ...      >>> raise KeyError
+         ...      ''', {}, 'foo', 'foo.py', 0)
+
+         >>> runner.run(test)
+         Traceback (most recent call last):
+         ...
+         UnexpectedException: <DocTest foo from foo.py:0 (2 examples)>
+
+         >>> del test.globs['__builtins__']
+         >>> test.globs
+         {'x': 2}
+
+       But the globals are cleared if there is no error:
+
+         >>> test = DocTestParser().get_doctest('''
+         ...      >>> x = 2
+         ...      ''', {}, 'foo', 'foo.py', 0)
+
+         >>> runner.run(test)
+         (0, 1)
+
+         >>> test.globs
+         {}
+
+       """
+
+    def run(self, test, compileflags=None, out=None, clear_globs=True):
+        r = DocTestRunner.run(self, test, compileflags, out, False)
+        if clear_globs:
+            test.globs.clear()
+        return r
+
+    def report_unexpected_exception(self, out, test, example, exc_info):
+        raise UnexpectedException(test, example, exc_info)
+
+    def report_failure(self, out, test, example, got):
+        raise DocTestFailure(test, example, got)
+
+######################################################################
+## 6. Test Functions
+######################################################################
+# These should be backwards compatible.
+
+# For backward compatibility, a global instance of a DocTestRunner
+# class, updated by testmod.
+master = None
+
+def testmod(m=None, name=None, globs=None, verbose=None,
+            report=True, optionflags=0, extraglobs=None,
+            raise_on_error=False, exclude_empty=False):
+    """m=None, name=None, globs=None, verbose=None, report=True,
+       optionflags=0, extraglobs=None, raise_on_error=False,
+       exclude_empty=False
+
+    Test examples in docstrings in functions and classes reachable
+    from module m (or the current module if m is not supplied), starting
+    with m.__doc__.
+
+    Also test examples reachable from dict m.__test__ if it exists and is
+    not None.  m.__test__ maps names to functions, classes and strings;
+    function and class docstrings are tested even if the name is private;
+    strings are tested directly, as if they were docstrings.
+
+    Return (#failures, #tests).
+
+    See doctest.__doc__ for an overview.
+
+    Optional keyword arg "name" gives the name of the module; by default
+    use m.__name__.
+
+    Optional keyword arg "globs" gives a dict to be used as the globals
+    when executing examples; by default, use m.__dict__.  A copy of this
+    dict is actually used for each docstring, so that each docstring's
+    examples start with a clean slate.
+
+    Optional keyword arg "extraglobs" gives a dictionary that should be
+    merged into the globals that are used to execute examples.  By
+    default, no extra globals are used.  This is new in 2.4.
+
+    Optional keyword arg "verbose" prints lots of stuff if true, prints
+    only failures if false; by default, it's true iff "-v" is in sys.argv.
+
+    Optional keyword arg "report" prints a summary at the end when true,
+    else prints nothing at the end.  In verbose mode, the summary is
+    detailed, else very brief (in fact, empty if all tests passed).
+
+    Optional keyword arg "optionflags" or's together module constants,
+    and defaults to 0.  This is new in 2.3.  Possible values (see the
+    docs for details):
+
+        DONT_ACCEPT_TRUE_FOR_1
+        DONT_ACCEPT_BLANKLINE
+        NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
+        ELLIPSIS
+        SKIP
+        IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL
+        REPORT_UDIFF
+        REPORT_CDIFF
+        REPORT_NDIFF
+        REPORT_ONLY_FIRST_FAILURE
+
+    Optional keyword arg "raise_on_error" raises an exception on the
+    first unexpected exception or failure. This allows failures to be
+    post-mortem debugged.
+
+    Advanced tomfoolery:  testmod runs methods of a local instance of
+    class doctest.Tester, then merges the results into (or creates)
+    global Tester instance doctest.master.  Methods of doctest.master
+    can be called directly too, if you want to do something unusual.
+    Passing report=0 to testmod is especially useful then, to delay
+    displaying a summary.  Invoke doctest.master.summarize(verbose)
+    when you're done fiddling.
+    """
+    global master
+
+    # If no module was given, then use __main__.
+    if m is None:
+        # DWA - m will still be None if this wasn't invoked from the command
+        # line, in which case the following TypeError is about as good an error
+        # as we should expect
+        m = sys.modules.get('__main__')
+
+    # Check that we were actually given a module.
+    if not inspect.ismodule(m):
+        raise TypeError("testmod: module required; %r" % (m,))
+
+    # If no name was given, then use the module's name.
+    if name is None:
+        name = m.__name__
+
+    # Find, parse, and run all tests in the given module.
+    finder = DocTestFinder(exclude_empty=exclude_empty)
+
+    if raise_on_error:
+        runner = DebugRunner(verbose=verbose, optionflags=optionflags)
+    else:
+        runner = DocTestRunner(verbose=verbose, optionflags=optionflags)
+
+    for test in finder.find(m, name, globs=globs, extraglobs=extraglobs):
+        runner.run(test)
+
+    if report:
+        runner.summarize()
+
+    if master is None:
+        master = runner
+    else:
+        master.merge(runner)
+
+    return runner.failures, runner.tries
+
+def testfile(filename, module_relative=True, name=None, package=None,
+             globs=None, verbose=None, report=True, optionflags=0,
+             extraglobs=None, raise_on_error=False, parser=DocTestParser(),
+             encoding=None):
+    """
+    Test examples in the given file.  Return (#failures, #tests).
+
+    Optional keyword arg "module_relative" specifies how filenames
+    should be interpreted:
+
+      - If "module_relative" is True (the default), then "filename"
+         specifies a module-relative path.  By default, this path is
+         relative to the calling module's directory; but if the
+         "package" argument is specified, then it is relative to that
+         package.  To ensure os-independence, "filename" should use
+         "/" characters to separate path segments, and should not
+         be an absolute path (i.e., it may not begin with "/").
+
+      - If "module_relative" is False, then "filename" specifies an
+        os-specific path.  The path may be absolute or relative (to
+        the current working directory).
+
+    Optional keyword arg "name" gives the name of the test; by default
+    use the file's basename.
+
+    Optional keyword argument "package" is a Python package or the
+    name of a Python package whose directory should be used as the
+    base directory for a module relative filename.  If no package is
+    specified, then the calling module's directory is used as the base
+    directory for module relative filenames.  It is an error to
+    specify "package" if "module_relative" is False.
+
+    Optional keyword arg "globs" gives a dict to be used as the globals
+    when executing examples; by default, use {}.  A copy of this dict
+    is actually used for each docstring, so that each docstring's
+    examples start with a clean slate.
+
+    Optional keyword arg "extraglobs" gives a dictionary that should be
+    merged into the globals that are used to execute examples.  By
+    default, no extra globals are used.
+
+    Optional keyword arg "verbose" prints lots of stuff if true, prints
+    only failures if false; by default, it's true iff "-v" is in sys.argv.
+
+    Optional keyword arg "report" prints a summary at the end when true,
+    else prints nothing at the end.  In verbose mode, the summary is
+    detailed, else very brief (in fact, empty if all tests passed).
+
+    Optional keyword arg "optionflags" or's together module constants,
+    and defaults to 0.  Possible values (see the docs for details):
+
+        DONT_ACCEPT_TRUE_FOR_1
+        DONT_ACCEPT_BLANKLINE
+        NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
+        ELLIPSIS
+        SKIP
+        IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL
+        REPORT_UDIFF
+        REPORT_CDIFF
+        REPORT_NDIFF
+        REPORT_ONLY_FIRST_FAILURE
+
+    Optional keyword arg "raise_on_error" raises an exception on the
+    first unexpected exception or failure. This allows failures to be
+    post-mortem debugged.
+
+    Optional keyword arg "parser" specifies a DocTestParser (or
+    subclass) that should be used to extract tests from the files.
+
+    Optional keyword arg "encoding" specifies an encoding that should
+    be used to convert the file to unicode.
+
+    Advanced tomfoolery:  testmod runs methods of a local instance of
+    class doctest.Tester, then merges the results into (or creates)
+    global Tester instance doctest.master.  Methods of doctest.master
+    can be called directly too, if you want to do something unusual.
+    Passing report=0 to testmod is especially useful then, to delay
+    displaying a summary.  Invoke doctest.master.summarize(verbose)
+    when you're done fiddling.
+    """
+    global master
+
+    if package and not module_relative:
+        raise ValueError("Package may only be specified for module-"
+                         "relative paths.")
+
+    # Relativize the path
+    text, filename = _load_testfile(filename, package, module_relative)
+
+    # If no name was given, then use the file's name.
+    if name is None:
+        name = os.path.basename(filename)
+
+    # Assemble the globals.
+    if globs is None:
+        globs = {}
+    else:
+        globs = globs.copy()
+    if extraglobs is not None:
+        globs.update(extraglobs)
+
+    if raise_on_error:
+        runner = DebugRunner(verbose=verbose, optionflags=optionflags)
+    else:
+        runner = DocTestRunner(verbose=verbose, optionflags=optionflags)
+
+    if encoding is not None:
+        text = text.decode(encoding)
+
+    # Read the file, convert it to a test, and run it.
+    test = parser.get_doctest(text, globs, name, filename, 0)
+    runner.run(test)
+
+    if report:
+        runner.summarize()
+
+    if master is None:
+        master = runner
+    else:
+        master.merge(runner)
+
+    return runner.failures, runner.tries
+
+def run_docstring_examples(f, globs, verbose=False, name="NoName",
+                           compileflags=None, optionflags=0):
+    """
+    Test examples in the given object's docstring (`f`), using `globs`
+    as globals.  Optional argument `name` is used in failure messages.
+    If the optional argument `verbose` is true, then generate output
+    even if there are no failures.
+
+    `compileflags` gives the set of flags that should be used by the
+    Python compiler when running the examples.  If not specified, then
+    it will default to the set of future-import flags that apply to
+    `globs`.
+
+    Optional keyword arg `optionflags` specifies options for the
+    testing and output.  See the documentation for `testmod` for more
+    information.
+    """
+    # Find, parse, and run all tests in the given module.
+    finder = DocTestFinder(verbose=verbose, recurse=False)
+    runner = DocTestRunner(verbose=verbose, optionflags=optionflags)
+    for test in finder.find(f, name, globs=globs):
+        runner.run(test, compileflags=compileflags)
+
+######################################################################
+## 7. Tester
+######################################################################
+# This is provided only for backwards compatibility.  It's not
+# actually used in any way.
+
+class Tester:
+    def __init__(self, mod=None, globs=None, verbose=None, optionflags=0):
+
+        warnings.warn("class Tester is deprecated; "
+                      "use class doctest.DocTestRunner instead",
+                      DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+        if mod is None and globs is None:
+            raise TypeError("Tester.__init__: must specify mod or globs")
+        if mod is not None and not inspect.ismodule(mod):
+            raise TypeError("Tester.__init__: mod must be a module; %r" %
+                            (mod,))
+        if globs is None:
+            globs = mod.__dict__
+        self.globs = globs
+
+        self.verbose = verbose
+        self.optionflags = optionflags
+        self.testfinder = DocTestFinder()
+        self.testrunner = DocTestRunner(verbose=verbose,
+                                        optionflags=optionflags)
+
+    def runstring(self, s, name):
+        test = DocTestParser().get_doctest(s, self.globs, name, None, None)
+        if self.verbose:
+            print("Running string %s" % name)
+        (f,t) = self.testrunner.run(test)
+        if self.verbose:
+            print("%s of %s examples failed in string %s" % (f, t, name))
+        return (f,t)
+
+    def rundoc(self, object, name=None, module=None):
+        f = t = 0
+        tests = self.testfinder.find(object, name, module=module,
+                                     globs=self.globs)
+        for test in tests:
+            (f2, t2) = self.testrunner.run(test)
+            (f,t) = (f+f2, t+t2)
+        return (f,t)
+
+    def rundict(self, d, name, module=None):
+        import new
+        m = new.module(name)
+        m.__dict__.update(d)
+        if module is None:
+            module = False
+        return self.rundoc(m, name, module)
+
+    def run__test__(self, d, name):
+        import new
+        m = new.module(name)
+        m.__test__ = d
+        return self.rundoc(m, name)
+
+    def summarize(self, verbose=None):
+        return self.testrunner.summarize(verbose)
+
+    def merge(self, other):
+        self.testrunner.merge(other.testrunner)
+
+######################################################################
+## 8. Unittest Support
+######################################################################
+
+_unittest_reportflags = 0
+
+def set_unittest_reportflags(flags):
+    """Sets the unittest option flags.
+
+    The old flag is returned so that a runner could restore the old
+    value if it wished to:
+
+      >>> old = _unittest_reportflags
+      >>> set_unittest_reportflags(REPORT_NDIFF |
+      ...                          REPORT_ONLY_FIRST_FAILURE) == old
+      True
+
+      >>> import doctest
+      >>> doctest._unittest_reportflags == (REPORT_NDIFF |
+      ...                                   REPORT_ONLY_FIRST_FAILURE)
+      True
+
+    Only reporting flags can be set:
+
+      >>> set_unittest_reportflags(ELLIPSIS)
+      Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+      ValueError: ('Only reporting flags allowed', 8)
+
+      >>> set_unittest_reportflags(old) == (REPORT_NDIFF |
+      ...                                   REPORT_ONLY_FIRST_FAILURE)
+      True
+    """
+    global _unittest_reportflags
+
+    if (flags & REPORTING_FLAGS) != flags:
+        raise ValueError("Only reporting flags allowed", flags)
+    old = _unittest_reportflags
+    _unittest_reportflags = flags
+    return old
+
+
+class DocTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def __init__(self, test, optionflags=0, setUp=None, tearDown=None,
+                 checker=None, runner=DocTestRunner):
+
+        unittest.TestCase.__init__(self)
+        self._dt_optionflags = optionflags
+        self._dt_checker = checker
+        self._dt_test = test
+        self._dt_setUp = setUp
+        self._dt_tearDown = tearDown
+        self._dt_runner = runner
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        test = self._dt_test
+
+        if self._dt_setUp is not None:
+            self._dt_setUp(test)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        test = self._dt_test
+
+        if self._dt_tearDown is not None:
+            self._dt_tearDown(test)
+
+        test.globs.clear()
+
+    def runTest(self):
+        test = self._dt_test
+        old = sys.stdout
+        new = StringIO()
+        optionflags = self._dt_optionflags
+
+        if not (optionflags & REPORTING_FLAGS):
+            # The option flags don't include any reporting flags,
+            # so add the default reporting flags
+            optionflags |= _unittest_reportflags
+
+        runner = self._dt_runner(optionflags=optionflags,
+                                 checker=self._dt_checker, verbose=False)
+
+        try:
+            runner.DIVIDER = "-"*70
+            failures, tries = runner.run(
+                test, out=new.write, clear_globs=False)
+        finally:
+            sys.stdout = old
+
+        if failures:
+            raise self.failureException(self.format_failure(new.getvalue()))
+
+    def format_failure(self, err):
+        test = self._dt_test
+        if test.lineno is None:
+            lineno = 'unknown line number'
+        else:
+            lineno = '%s' % test.lineno
+        lname = '.'.join(test.name.split('.')[-1:])
+        return ('Failed doctest test for %s\n'
+                '  File "%s", line %s, in %s\n\n%s'
+                % (test.name, test.filename, lineno, lname, err)
+                )
+
+    def debug(self):
+        r"""Run the test case without results and without catching exceptions
+
+           The unit test framework includes a debug method on test cases
+           and test suites to support post-mortem debugging.  The test code
+           is run in such a way that errors are not caught.  This way a
+           caller can catch the errors and initiate post-mortem debugging.
+
+           The DocTestCase provides a debug method that raises
+           UnexpectedException errors if there is an unexepcted
+           exception:
+
+             >>> test = DocTestParser().get_doctest('>>> raise KeyError\n42',
+             ...                {}, 'foo', 'foo.py', 0)
+             >>> case = DocTestCase(test)
+             >>> try:
+             ...     case.debug()
+             ... except UnexpectedException as e:
+             ...     failure = e
+
+           The UnexpectedException contains the test, the example, and
+           the original exception:
+
+             >>> failure.test is test
+             True
+
+             >>> failure.example.want
+             '42\n'
+
+             >>> exc_info = failure.exc_info
+             >>> raise exc_info[0], exc_info[1], exc_info[2]
+             Traceback (most recent call last):
+             ...
+             KeyError
+
+           If the output doesn't match, then a DocTestFailure is raised:
+
+             >>> test = DocTestParser().get_doctest('''
+             ...      >>> x = 1
+             ...      >>> x
+             ...      2
+             ...      ''', {}, 'foo', 'foo.py', 0)
+             >>> case = DocTestCase(test)
+
+             >>> try:
+             ...    case.debug()
+             ... except DocTestFailure as e:
+             ...    failure = e
+
+           DocTestFailure objects provide access to the test:
+
+             >>> failure.test is test
+             True
+
+           As well as to the example:
+
+             >>> failure.example.want
+             '2\n'
+
+           and the actual output:
+
+             >>> failure.got
+             '1\n'
+
+           """
+
+        self.setUp()
+        runner = DebugRunner(optionflags=self._dt_optionflags,
+                             checker=self._dt_checker, verbose=False)
+        runner.run(self._dt_test)
+        self.tearDown()
+
+    def id(self):
+        return self._dt_test.name
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        name = self._dt_test.name.split('.')
+        return "%s (%s)" % (name[-1], '.'.join(name[:-1]))
+
+    __str__ = __repr__
+
+    def shortDescription(self):
+        return "Doctest: " + self._dt_test.name
+
+def DocTestSuite(module=None, globs=None, extraglobs=None, test_finder=None,
+                 test_class=DocTestCase, **options):
+    """
+    Convert doctest tests for a module to a unittest test suite.
+
+    This converts each documentation string in a module that
+    contains doctest tests to a unittest test case.  If any of the
+    tests in a doc string fail, then the test case fails.  An exception
+    is raised showing the name of the file containing the test and a
+    (sometimes approximate) line number.
+
+    The `module` argument provides the module to be tested.  The argument
+    can be either a module or a module name.
+
+    If no argument is given, the calling module is used.
+
+    A number of options may be provided as keyword arguments:
+
+    setUp
+      A set-up function.  This is called before running the
+      tests in each file. The setUp function will be passed a DocTest
+      object.  The setUp function can access the test globals as the
+      globs attribute of the test passed.
+
+    tearDown
+      A tear-down function.  This is called after running the
+      tests in each file.  The tearDown function will be passed a DocTest
+      object.  The tearDown function can access the test globals as the
+      globs attribute of the test passed.
+
+    globs
+      A dictionary containing initial global variables for the tests.
+
+    optionflags
+       A set of doctest option flags expressed as an integer.
+    """
+
+    if test_finder is None:
+        test_finder = DocTestFinder()
+
+    module = _normalize_module(module)
+    tests = test_finder.find(module, globs=globs, extraglobs=extraglobs)
+    if globs is None:
+        globs = module.__dict__
+    if not tests:
+        # Why do we want to do this? Because it reveals a bug that might
+        # otherwise be hidden.
+        raise ValueError(module, "has no tests")
+
+    tests.sort()
+    suite = unittest.TestSuite()
+    for test in tests:
+        if len(test.examples) == 0:
+            continue
+        if not test.filename:
+            filename = module.__file__
+            if filename[-4:] in (".pyc", ".pyo"):
+                filename = filename[:-1]
+            test.filename = filename
+        suite.addTest(test_class(test, **options))
+
+    return suite
+
+class DocFileCase(DocTestCase):
+
+    def id(self):
+        return '_'.join(self._dt_test.name.split('.'))
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return self._dt_test.filename
+    __str__ = __repr__
+
+    def format_failure(self, err):
+        return ('Failed doctest test for %s\n  File "%s", line 0\n\n%s'
+                % (self._dt_test.name, self._dt_test.filename, err)
+                )
+
+def DocFileTest(path, module_relative=True, package=None,
+                globs=None, parser=DocTestParser(),
+                encoding=None, **options):
+    if globs is None:
+        globs = {}
+    else:
+        globs = globs.copy()
+
+    if package and not module_relative:
+        raise ValueError("Package may only be specified for module-"
+                         "relative paths.")
+
+    # Relativize the path.
+    doc, path = _load_testfile(path, package, module_relative)
+
+    if "__file__" not in globs:
+        globs["__file__"] = path
+
+    # Find the file and read it.
+    name = os.path.basename(path)
+
+    # If an encoding is specified, use it to convert the file to unicode
+    if encoding is not None:
+        doc = doc.decode(encoding)
+
+    # Convert it to a test, and wrap it in a DocFileCase.
+    test = parser.get_doctest(doc, globs, name, path, 0)
+    return DocFileCase(test, **options)
+
+def DocFileSuite(*paths, **kw):
+    """A unittest suite for one or more doctest files.
+
+    The path to each doctest file is given as a string; the
+    interpretation of that string depends on the keyword argument
+    "module_relative".
+
+    A number of options may be provided as keyword arguments:
+
+    module_relative
+      If "module_relative" is True, then the given file paths are
+      interpreted as os-independent module-relative paths.  By
+      default, these paths are relative to the calling module's
+      directory; but if the "package" argument is specified, then
+      they are relative to that package.  To ensure os-independence,
+      "filename" should use "/" characters to separate path
+      segments, and may not be an absolute path (i.e., it may not
+      begin with "/").
+
+      If "module_relative" is False, then the given file paths are
+      interpreted as os-specific paths.  These paths may be absolute
+      or relative (to the current working directory).
+
+    package
+      A Python package or the name of a Python package whose directory
+      should be used as the base directory for module relative paths.
+      If "package" is not specified, then the calling module's
+      directory is used as the base directory for module relative
+      filenames.  It is an error to specify "package" if
+      "module_relative" is False.
+
+    setUp
+      A set-up function.  This is called before running the
+      tests in each file. The setUp function will be passed a DocTest
+      object.  The setUp function can access the test globals as the
+      globs attribute of the test passed.
+
+    tearDown
+      A tear-down function.  This is called after running the
+      tests in each file.  The tearDown function will be passed a DocTest
+      object.  The tearDown function can access the test globals as the
+      globs attribute of the test passed.
+
+    globs
+      A dictionary containing initial global variables for the tests.
+
+    optionflags
+      A set of doctest option flags expressed as an integer.
+
+    parser
+      A DocTestParser (or subclass) that should be used to extract
+      tests from the files.
+
+    encoding
+      An encoding that will be used to convert the files to unicode.
+    """
+    suite = unittest.TestSuite()
+
+    # We do this here so that _normalize_module is called at the right
+    # level.  If it were called in DocFileTest, then this function
+    # would be the caller and we might guess the package incorrectly.
+    if kw.get('module_relative', True):
+        kw['package'] = _normalize_module(kw.get('package'))
+
+    for path in paths:
+        suite.addTest(DocFileTest(path, **kw))
+
+    return suite
+
+######################################################################
+## 9. Debugging Support
+######################################################################
+
+def script_from_examples(s):
+    r"""Extract script from text with examples.
+
+       Converts text with examples to a Python script.  Example input is
+       converted to regular code.  Example output and all other words
+       are converted to comments:
+
+       >>> text = '''
+       ...       Here are examples of simple math.
+       ...
+       ...           Python has super accurate integer addition
+       ...
+       ...           >>> 2 + 2
+       ...           5
+       ...
+       ...           And very friendly error messages:
+       ...
+       ...           >>> 1/0
+       ...           To Infinity
+       ...           And
+       ...           Beyond
+       ...
+       ...           You can use logic if you want:
+       ...
+       ...           >>> if 0:
+       ...           ...    blah
+       ...           ...    blah
+       ...           ...
+       ...
+       ...           Ho hum
+       ...           '''
+
+       >>> print(script_from_examples(text))
+       # Here are examples of simple math.
+       #
+       #     Python has super accurate integer addition
+       #
+       2 + 2
+       # Expected:
+       ## 5
+       #
+       #     And very friendly error messages:
+       #
+       1/0
+       # Expected:
+       ## To Infinity
+       ## And
+       ## Beyond
+       #
+       #     You can use logic if you want:
+       #
+       if 0:
+          blah
+          blah
+       #
+       #     Ho hum
+       """
+    output = []
+    for piece in DocTestParser().parse(s):
+        if isinstance(piece, Example):
+            # Add the example's source code (strip trailing NL)
+            output.append(piece.source[:-1])
+            # Add the expected output:
+            want = piece.want
+            if want:
+                output.append('# Expected:')
+                output += ['## '+l for l in want.split('\n')[:-1]]
+        else:
+            # Add non-example text.
+            output += [_comment_line(l)
+                       for l in piece.split('\n')[:-1]]
+
+    # Trim junk on both ends.
+    while output and output[-1] == '#':
+        output.pop()
+    while output and output[0] == '#':
+        output.pop(0)
+    # Combine the output, and return it.
+    return '\n'.join(output)
+
+def testsource(module, name):
+    """Extract the test sources from a doctest docstring as a script.
+
+    Provide the module (or dotted name of the module) containing the
+    test to be debugged and the name (within the module) of the object
+    with the doc string with tests to be debugged.
+    """
+    module = _normalize_module(module)
+    tests = DocTestFinder().find(module)
+    test = [t for t in tests if t.name == name]
+    if not test:
+        raise ValueError(name, "not found in tests")
+    test = test[0]
+    testsrc = script_from_examples(test.docstring)
+    return testsrc
+
+def debug_src(src, pm=False, globs=None):
+    """Debug a single doctest docstring, in argument `src`'"""
+    testsrc = script_from_examples(src)
+    debug_script(testsrc, pm, globs)
+
+def debug_script(src, pm=False, globs=None):
+    "Debug a test script.  `src` is the script, as a string."
+    import pdb
+
+    # Note that tempfile.NameTemporaryFile() cannot be used.  As the
+    # docs say, a file so created cannot be opened by name a second time
+    # on modern Windows boxes, and execfile() needs to open it.
+    srcfilename = tempfile.mktemp(".py", "doctestdebug")
+    with open(srcfilename, 'w') as fp:
+        fp.write(src)
+
+    try:
+        if globs:
+            globs = globs.copy()
+        else:
+            globs = {}
+
+        if pm:
+            try:
+                execfile(srcfilename, globs, globs)
+            except:
+                print(sys.exc_info()[1])
+                pdb.post_mortem(sys.exc_info()[2])
+        else:
+            # Note that %r is vital here.  '%s' instead can, e.g., cause
+            # backslashes to get treated as metacharacters on Windows.
+            pdb.run("execfile(%r)" % srcfilename, globs, globs)
+
+    finally:
+        os.remove(srcfilename)
+
+def debug(module, name, pm=False):
+    """Debug a single doctest docstring.
+
+    Provide the module (or dotted name of the module) containing the
+    test to be debugged and the name (within the module) of the object
+    with the docstring with tests to be debugged.
+    """
+    module = _normalize_module(module)
+    testsrc = testsource(module, name)
+    debug_script(testsrc, pm, module.__dict__)
+
+######################################################################
+## 10. Example Usage
+######################################################################
+class _TestClass:
+    """
+    A pointless class, for sanity-checking of docstring testing.
+
+    Methods:
+        square()
+        get()
+
+    >>> _TestClass(13).get() + _TestClass(-12).get()
+    1
+    >>> hex(_TestClass(13).square().get())
+    '0xa9'
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, val):
+        """val -> _TestClass object with associated value val.
+
+        >>> t = _TestClass(123)
+        >>> print(t.get())
+        123
+        """
+
+        self.val = val
+
+    def square(self):
+        """square() -> square TestClass's associated value
+
+        >>> _TestClass(13).square().get()
+        169
+        """
+
+        self.val = self.val ** 2
+        return self
+
+    def get(self):
+        """get() -> return TestClass's associated value.
+
+        >>> x = _TestClass(-42)
+        >>> print(x.get())
+        -42
+        """
+
+        return self.val
+
+__test__ = {"_TestClass": _TestClass,
+            "string": r"""
+                      Example of a string object, searched as-is.
+                      >>> x = 1; y = 2
+                      >>> x + y, x * y
+                      (3, 2)
+                      """,
+
+            "bool-int equivalence": r"""
+                                    In 2.2, boolean expressions displayed
+                                    0 or 1.  By default, we still accept
+                                    them.  This can be disabled by passing
+                                    DONT_ACCEPT_TRUE_FOR_1 to the new
+                                    optionflags argument.
+                                    >>> 4 == 4
+                                    1
+                                    >>> 4 == 4
+                                    True
+                                    >>> 4 > 4
+                                    0
+                                    >>> 4 > 4
+                                    False
+                                    """,
+
+            "blank lines": r"""
+                Blank lines can be marked with <BLANKLINE>:
+                    >>> print('foo\n\nbar\n')
+                    foo
+                    <BLANKLINE>
+                    bar
+                    <BLANKLINE>
+            """,
+
+            "ellipsis": r"""
+                If the ellipsis flag is used, then '...' can be used to
+                elide substrings in the desired output:
+                    >>> print(range(1000)) #doctest: +ELLIPSIS
+                    [0, 1, 2, ..., 999]
+            """,
+
+            "whitespace normalization": r"""
+                If the whitespace normalization flag is used, then
+                differences in whitespace are ignored.
+                    >>> print(list(xrange(30))) #doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
+                    [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
+                     15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26,
+                     27, 28, 29]
+            """,
+           }
+
+def _test():
+    r = unittest.TextTestRunner()
+    r.run(DocTestSuite())
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    _test()
diff --git a/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/test/client.py b/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/test/client.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ea8119
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/test/client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,623 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import sys
+import os
+import re
+import mimetypes
+from copy import copy
+from io import BytesIO
+
+from django.conf import settings
+from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login, logout, get_user_model
+from django.core.handlers.base import BaseHandler
+from django.core.handlers.wsgi import WSGIRequest
+from django.core.signals import (request_started, request_finished,
+    got_request_exception)
+from django.db import close_old_connections
+from django.http import SimpleCookie, HttpRequest, QueryDict
+from django.template import TemplateDoesNotExist
+from django.test import signals
+from django.utils.functional import curry
+from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes, force_str
+from django.utils.http import urlencode
+from django.utils.importlib import import_module
+from django.utils.itercompat import is_iterable
+from django.utils import six
+from django.utils.six.moves.urllib.parse import unquote, urlparse, urlsplit
+from django.test.utils import ContextList
+
+__all__ = ('Client', 'RequestFactory', 'encode_file', 'encode_multipart')
+
+
+BOUNDARY = 'BoUnDaRyStRiNg'
+MULTIPART_CONTENT = 'multipart/form-data; boundary=%s' % BOUNDARY
+CONTENT_TYPE_RE = re.compile('.*; charset=([\w\d-]+);?')
+
+class FakePayload(object):
+    """
+    A wrapper around BytesIO that restricts what can be read since data from
+    the network can't be seeked and cannot be read outside of its content
+    length. This makes sure that views can't do anything under the test client
+    that wouldn't work in Real Life.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, content=None):
+        self.__content = BytesIO()
+        self.__len = 0
+        self.read_started = False
+        if content is not None:
+            self.write(content)
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return self.__len
+
+    def read(self, num_bytes=None):
+        if not self.read_started:
+            self.__content.seek(0)
+            self.read_started = True
+        if num_bytes is None:
+            num_bytes = self.__len or 0
+        assert self.__len >= num_bytes, "Cannot read more than the available bytes from the HTTP incoming data."
+        content = self.__content.read(num_bytes)
+        self.__len -= num_bytes
+        return content
+
+    def write(self, content):
+        if self.read_started:
+            raise ValueError("Unable to write a payload after he's been read")
+        content = force_bytes(content)
+        self.__content.write(content)
+        self.__len += len(content)
+
+
+def closing_iterator_wrapper(iterable, close):
+    try:
+        for item in iterable:
+            yield item
+    finally:
+        request_finished.disconnect(close_old_connections)
+        close()                                 # will fire request_finished
+        request_finished.connect(close_old_connections)
+
+
+class ClientHandler(BaseHandler):
+    """
+    A HTTP Handler that can be used for testing purposes.
+    Uses the WSGI interface to compose requests, but returns
+    the raw HttpResponse object
+    """
+    def __init__(self, enforce_csrf_checks=True, *args, **kwargs):
+        self.enforce_csrf_checks = enforce_csrf_checks
+        super(ClientHandler, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def __call__(self, environ):
+        from django.conf import settings
+
+        # Set up middleware if needed. We couldn't do this earlier, because
+        # settings weren't available.
+        if self._request_middleware is None:
+            self.load_middleware()
+
+        request_started.disconnect(close_old_connections)
+        request_started.send(sender=self.__class__)
+        request_started.connect(close_old_connections)
+        request = WSGIRequest(environ)
+        # sneaky little hack so that we can easily get round
+        # CsrfViewMiddleware.  This makes life easier, and is probably
+        # required for backwards compatibility with external tests against
+        # admin views.
+        request._dont_enforce_csrf_checks = not self.enforce_csrf_checks
+        response = self.get_response(request)
+        # We're emulating a WSGI server; we must call the close method
+        # on completion.
+        if response.streaming:
+            response.streaming_content = closing_iterator_wrapper(
+                response.streaming_content, response.close)
+        else:
+            request_finished.disconnect(close_old_connections)
+            response.close()                    # will fire request_finished
+            request_finished.connect(close_old_connections)
+
+        return response
+
+def store_rendered_templates(store, signal, sender, template, context, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Stores templates and contexts that are rendered.
+
+    The context is copied so that it is an accurate representation at the time
+    of rendering.
+    """
+    store.setdefault('templates', []).append(template)
+    store.setdefault('context', ContextList()).append(copy(context))
+
+def encode_multipart(boundary, data):
+    """
+    Encodes multipart POST data from a dictionary of form values.
+
+    The key will be used as the form data name; the value will be transmitted
+    as content. If the value is a file, the contents of the file will be sent
+    as an application/octet-stream; otherwise, str(value) will be sent.
+    """
+    lines = []
+    to_bytes = lambda s: force_bytes(s, settings.DEFAULT_CHARSET)
+
+    # Not by any means perfect, but good enough for our purposes.
+    is_file = lambda thing: hasattr(thing, "read") and callable(thing.read)
+
+    # Each bit of the multipart form data could be either a form value or a
+    # file, or a *list* of form values and/or files. Remember that HTTP field
+    # names can be duplicated!
+    for (key, value) in data.items():
+        if is_file(value):
+            lines.extend(encode_file(boundary, key, value))
+        elif not isinstance(value, six.string_types) and is_iterable(value):
+            for item in value:
+                if is_file(item):
+                    lines.extend(encode_file(boundary, key, item))
+                else:
+                    lines.extend([to_bytes(val) for val in [
+                        '--%s' % boundary,
+                        'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"' % key,
+                        '',
+                        item
+                    ]])
+        else:
+            lines.extend([to_bytes(val) for val in [
+                '--%s' % boundary,
+                'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"' % key,
+                '',
+                value
+            ]])
+
+    lines.extend([
+        to_bytes('--%s--' % boundary),
+        b'',
+    ])
+    return b'\r\n'.join(lines)
+
+def encode_file(boundary, key, file):
+    to_bytes = lambda s: force_bytes(s, settings.DEFAULT_CHARSET)
+    content_type = mimetypes.guess_type(file.name)[0]
+    if content_type is None:
+        content_type = 'application/octet-stream'
+    return [
+        to_bytes('--%s' % boundary),
+        to_bytes('Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"; filename="%s"' \
+            % (key, os.path.basename(file.name))),
+        to_bytes('Content-Type: %s' % content_type),
+        b'',
+        file.read()
+    ]
+
+
+class RequestFactory(object):
+    """
+    Class that lets you create mock Request objects for use in testing.
+
+    Usage:
+
+    rf = RequestFactory()
+    get_request = rf.get('/hello/')
+    post_request = rf.post('/submit/', {'foo': 'bar'})
+
+    Once you have a request object you can pass it to any view function,
+    just as if that view had been hooked up using a URLconf.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, **defaults):
+        self.defaults = defaults
+        self.cookies = SimpleCookie()
+        self.errors = BytesIO()
+
+    def _base_environ(self, **request):
+        """
+        The base environment for a request.
+        """
+        # This is a minimal valid WSGI environ dictionary, plus:
+        # - HTTP_COOKIE: for cookie support,
+        # - REMOTE_ADDR: often useful, see #8551.
+        # See http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3333/#environ-variables
+        environ = {
+            'HTTP_COOKIE':       self.cookies.output(header='', sep='; '),
+            'PATH_INFO':         str('/'),
+            'REMOTE_ADDR':       str('127.0.0.1'),
+            'REQUEST_METHOD':    str('GET'),
+            'SCRIPT_NAME':       str(''),
+            'SERVER_NAME':       str('testserver'),
+            'SERVER_PORT':       str('80'),
+            'SERVER_PROTOCOL':   str('HTTP/1.1'),
+            'wsgi.version':      (1, 0),
+            'wsgi.url_scheme':   str('http'),
+            'wsgi.input':        FakePayload(b''),
+            'wsgi.errors':       self.errors,
+            'wsgi.multiprocess': True,
+            'wsgi.multithread':  False,
+            'wsgi.run_once':     False,
+        }
+        environ.update(self.defaults)
+        environ.update(request)
+        return environ
+
+    def request(self, **request):
+        "Construct a generic request object."
+        return WSGIRequest(self._base_environ(**request))
+
+    def _encode_data(self, data, content_type, ):
+        if content_type is MULTIPART_CONTENT:
+            return encode_multipart(BOUNDARY, data)
+        else:
+            # Encode the content so that the byte representation is correct.
+            match = CONTENT_TYPE_RE.match(content_type)
+            if match:
+                charset = match.group(1)
+            else:
+                charset = settings.DEFAULT_CHARSET
+            return force_bytes(data, encoding=charset)
+
+    def _get_path(self, parsed):
+        path = force_str(parsed[2])
+        # If there are parameters, add them
+        if parsed[3]:
+            path += str(";") + force_str(parsed[3])
+        path = unquote(path)
+        # WSGI requires latin-1 encoded strings. See get_path_info().
+        if six.PY3:
+            path = path.encode('utf-8').decode('iso-8859-1')
+        return path
+
+    def get(self, path, data={}, **extra):
+        "Construct a GET request."
+
+        parsed = urlparse(path)
+        query_string = urlencode(data, doseq=True) or force_str(parsed[4])
+        if six.PY3:
+            query_string = query_string.encode('utf-8').decode('iso-8859-1')
+
+        r = {
+            'PATH_INFO':       self._get_path(parsed),
+            'QUERY_STRING':    query_string,
+            'REQUEST_METHOD':  str('GET'),
+        }
+        r.update(extra)
+        return self.request(**r)
+
+    def post(self, path, data={}, content_type=MULTIPART_CONTENT,
+             **extra):
+        "Construct a POST request."
+
+        post_data = self._encode_data(data, content_type)
+
+        parsed = urlparse(path)
+        query_string = force_str(parsed[4])
+        if six.PY3:
+            query_string = query_string.encode('utf-8').decode('iso-8859-1')
+
+        r = {
+            'CONTENT_LENGTH': len(post_data),
+            'CONTENT_TYPE':   content_type,
+            'PATH_INFO':      self._get_path(parsed),
+            'QUERY_STRING':   query_string,
+            'REQUEST_METHOD': str('POST'),
+            'wsgi.input':     FakePayload(post_data),
+        }
+        r.update(extra)
+        return self.request(**r)
+
+    def head(self, path, data={}, **extra):
+        "Construct a HEAD request."
+
+        parsed = urlparse(path)
+        query_string = urlencode(data, doseq=True) or force_str(parsed[4])
+        if six.PY3:
+            query_string = query_string.encode('utf-8').decode('iso-8859-1')
+
+        r = {
+            'PATH_INFO':       self._get_path(parsed),
+            'QUERY_STRING':    query_string,
+            'REQUEST_METHOD':  str('HEAD'),
+        }
+        r.update(extra)
+        return self.request(**r)
+
+    def options(self, path, data='', content_type='application/octet-stream',
+            **extra):
+        "Construct an OPTIONS request."
+        return self.generic('OPTIONS', path, data, content_type, **extra)
+
+    def put(self, path, data='', content_type='application/octet-stream',
+            **extra):
+        "Construct a PUT request."
+        return self.generic('PUT', path, data, content_type, **extra)
+
+    def patch(self, path, data='', content_type='application/octet-stream',
+            **extra):
+        "Construct a PATCH request."
+        return self.generic('PATCH', path, data, content_type, **extra)
+
+    def delete(self, path, data='', content_type='application/octet-stream',
+            **extra):
+        "Construct a DELETE request."
+        return self.generic('DELETE', path, data, content_type, **extra)
+
+    def generic(self, method, path,
+                data='', content_type='application/octet-stream', **extra):
+        parsed = urlparse(path)
+        data = force_bytes(data, settings.DEFAULT_CHARSET)
+        r = {
+            'PATH_INFO':      self._get_path(parsed),
+            'REQUEST_METHOD': str(method),
+        }
+        if data:
+            r.update({
+                'CONTENT_LENGTH': len(data),
+                'CONTENT_TYPE':   str(content_type),
+                'wsgi.input':     FakePayload(data),
+            })
+        r.update(extra)
+        # If QUERY_STRING is absent or empty, we want to extract it from the URL.
+        if not r.get('QUERY_STRING'):
+            query_string = force_bytes(parsed[4])
+            # WSGI requires latin-1 encoded strings. See get_path_info().
+            if six.PY3:
+                query_string = query_string.decode('iso-8859-1')
+            r['QUERY_STRING'] = query_string
+        return self.request(**r)
+
+
+class Client(RequestFactory):
+    """
+    A class that can act as a client for testing purposes.
+
+    It allows the user to compose GET and POST requests, and
+    obtain the response that the server gave to those requests.
+    The server Response objects are annotated with the details
+    of the contexts and templates that were rendered during the
+    process of serving the request.
+
+    Client objects are stateful - they will retain cookie (and
+    thus session) details for the lifetime of the Client instance.
+
+    This is not intended as a replacement for Twill/Selenium or
+    the like - it is here to allow testing against the
+    contexts and templates produced by a view, rather than the
+    HTML rendered to the end-user.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, enforce_csrf_checks=False, **defaults):
+        super(Client, self).__init__(**defaults)
+        self.handler = ClientHandler(enforce_csrf_checks)
+        self.exc_info = None
+
+    def store_exc_info(self, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Stores exceptions when they are generated by a view.
+        """
+        self.exc_info = sys.exc_info()
+
+    def _session(self):
+        """
+        Obtains the current session variables.
+        """
+        if 'django.contrib.sessions' in settings.INSTALLED_APPS:
+            engine = import_module(settings.SESSION_ENGINE)
+            cookie = self.cookies.get(settings.SESSION_COOKIE_NAME, None)
+            if cookie:
+                return engine.SessionStore(cookie.value)
+        return {}
+    session = property(_session)
+
+
+    def request(self, **request):
+        """
+        The master request method. Composes the environment dictionary
+        and passes to the handler, returning the result of the handler.
+        Assumes defaults for the query environment, which can be overridden
+        using the arguments to the request.
+        """
+        environ = self._base_environ(**request)
+
+        # Curry a data dictionary into an instance of the template renderer
+        # callback function.
+        data = {}
+        on_template_render = curry(store_rendered_templates, data)
+        signals.template_rendered.connect(on_template_render, dispatch_uid="template-render")
+        # Capture exceptions created by the handler.
+        got_request_exception.connect(self.store_exc_info, dispatch_uid="request-exception")
+        try:
+
+            try:
+                response = self.handler(environ)
+            except TemplateDoesNotExist as e:
+                # If the view raises an exception, Django will attempt to show
+                # the 500.html template. If that template is not available,
+                # we should ignore the error in favor of re-raising the
+                # underlying exception that caused the 500 error. Any other
+                # template found to be missing during view error handling
+                # should be reported as-is.
+                if e.args != ('500.html',):
+                    raise
+
+            # Look for a signalled exception, clear the current context
+            # exception data, then re-raise the signalled exception.
+            # Also make sure that the signalled exception is cleared from
+            # the local cache!
+            if self.exc_info:
+                exc_info = self.exc_info
+                self.exc_info = None
+                six.reraise(*exc_info)
+
+            # Save the client and request that stimulated the response.
+            response.client = self
+            response.request = request
+
+            # Add any rendered template detail to the response.
+            response.templates = data.get("templates", [])
+            response.context = data.get("context")
+
+            # Flatten a single context. Not really necessary anymore thanks to
+            # the __getattr__ flattening in ContextList, but has some edge-case
+            # backwards-compatibility implications.
+            if response.context and len(response.context) == 1:
+                response.context = response.context[0]
+
+            # Update persistent cookie data.
+            if response.cookies:
+                self.cookies.update(response.cookies)
+
+            return response
+        finally:
+            signals.template_rendered.disconnect(dispatch_uid="template-render")
+            got_request_exception.disconnect(dispatch_uid="request-exception")
+
+    def get(self, path, data={}, follow=False, **extra):
+        """
+        Requests a response from the server using GET.
+        """
+        response = super(Client, self).get(path, data=data, **extra)
+        if follow:
+            response = self._handle_redirects(response, **extra)
+        return response
+
+    def post(self, path, data={}, content_type=MULTIPART_CONTENT,
+             follow=False, **extra):
+        """
+        Requests a response from the server using POST.
+        """
+        response = super(Client, self).post(path, data=data, content_type=content_type, **extra)
+        if follow:
+            response = self._handle_redirects(response, **extra)
+        return response
+
+    def head(self, path, data={}, follow=False, **extra):
+        """
+        Request a response from the server using HEAD.
+        """
+        response = super(Client, self).head(path, data=data, **extra)
+        if follow:
+            response = self._handle_redirects(response, **extra)
+        return response
+
+    def options(self, path, data='', content_type='application/octet-stream',
+            follow=False, **extra):
+        """
+        Request a response from the server using OPTIONS.
+        """
+        response = super(Client, self).options(path,
+                data=data, content_type=content_type, **extra)
+        if follow:
+            response = self._handle_redirects(response, **extra)
+        return response
+
+    def put(self, path, data='', content_type='application/octet-stream',
+            follow=False, **extra):
+        """
+        Send a resource to the server using PUT.
+        """
+        response = super(Client, self).put(path,
+                data=data, content_type=content_type, **extra)
+        if follow:
+            response = self._handle_redirects(response, **extra)
+        return response
+
+    def patch(self, path, data='', content_type='application/octet-stream',
+            follow=False, **extra):
+        """
+        Send a resource to the server using PATCH.
+        """
+        response = super(Client, self).patch(
+            path, data=data, content_type=content_type, **extra)
+        if follow:
+            response = self._handle_redirects(response, **extra)
+        return response
+
+    def delete(self, path, data='', content_type='application/octet-stream',
+            follow=False, **extra):
+        """
+        Send a DELETE request to the server.
+        """
+        response = super(Client, self).delete(path,
+                data=data, content_type=content_type, **extra)
+        if follow:
+            response = self._handle_redirects(response, **extra)
+        return response
+
+    def login(self, **credentials):
+        """
+        Sets the Factory to appear as if it has successfully logged into a site.
+
+        Returns True if login is possible; False if the provided credentials
+        are incorrect, or the user is inactive, or if the sessions framework is
+        not available.
+        """
+        user = authenticate(**credentials)
+        if user and user.is_active \
+                and 'django.contrib.sessions' in settings.INSTALLED_APPS:
+            engine = import_module(settings.SESSION_ENGINE)
+
+            # Create a fake request to store login details.
+            request = HttpRequest()
+            if self.session:
+                request.session = self.session
+            else:
+                request.session = engine.SessionStore()
+            login(request, user)
+
+            # Save the session values.
+            request.session.save()
+
+            # Set the cookie to represent the session.
+            session_cookie = settings.SESSION_COOKIE_NAME
+            self.cookies[session_cookie] = request.session.session_key
+            cookie_data = {
+                'max-age': None,
+                'path': '/',
+                'domain': settings.SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN,
+                'secure': settings.SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE or None,
+                'expires': None,
+            }
+            self.cookies[session_cookie].update(cookie_data)
+
+            return True
+        else:
+            return False
+
+    def logout(self):
+        """
+        Removes the authenticated user's cookies and session object.
+
+        Causes the authenticated user to be logged out.
+        """
+        request = HttpRequest()
+        engine = import_module(settings.SESSION_ENGINE)
+        UserModel = get_user_model()
+        if self.session:
+            request.session = self.session
+            uid = self.session.get("_auth_user_id")
+            if uid:
+                request.user = UserModel._default_manager.get(pk=uid)
+        else:
+            request.session = engine.SessionStore()
+        logout(request)
+        self.cookies = SimpleCookie()
+
+    def _handle_redirects(self, response, **extra):
+        "Follows any redirects by requesting responses from the server using GET."
+
+        response.redirect_chain = []
+        while response.status_code in (301, 302, 303, 307):
+            url = response.url
+            redirect_chain = response.redirect_chain
+            redirect_chain.append((url, response.status_code))
+
+            url = urlsplit(url)
+            if url.scheme:
+                extra['wsgi.url_scheme'] = url.scheme
+            if url.hostname:
+                extra['SERVER_NAME'] = url.hostname
+            if url.port:
+                extra['SERVER_PORT'] = str(url.port)
+
+            response = self.get(url.path, QueryDict(url.query), follow=False, **extra)
+            response.redirect_chain = redirect_chain
+
+            # Prevent loops
+            if response.redirect_chain[-1] in response.redirect_chain[0:-1]:
+                break
+        return response
diff --git a/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/test/html.py b/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/test/html.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d30bd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/test/html.py
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+"""
+Comparing two html documents.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import re
+from django.utils.encoding import force_text
+from django.utils.html_parser import HTMLParser, HTMLParseError
+from django.utils import six
+from django.utils.encoding import python_2_unicode_compatible
+
+
+WHITESPACE = re.compile('\s+')
+
+
+def normalize_whitespace(string):
+    return WHITESPACE.sub(' ', string)
+
+
+@python_2_unicode_compatible
+class Element(object):
+    def __init__(self, name, attributes):
+        self.name = name
+        self.attributes = sorted(attributes)
+        self.children = []
+
+    def append(self, element):
+        if isinstance(element, six.string_types):
+            element = force_text(element)
+            element = normalize_whitespace(element)
+            if self.children:
+                if isinstance(self.children[-1], six.string_types):
+                    self.children[-1] += element
+                    self.children[-1] = normalize_whitespace(self.children[-1])
+                    return
+        elif self.children:
+            # removing last children if it is only whitespace
+            # this can result in incorrect dom representations since
+            # whitespace between inline tags like <span> is significant
+            if isinstance(self.children[-1], six.string_types):
+                if self.children[-1].isspace():
+                    self.children.pop()
+        if element:
+            self.children.append(element)
+
+    def finalize(self):
+        def rstrip_last_element(children):
+            if children:
+                if isinstance(children[-1], six.string_types):
+                    children[-1] = children[-1].rstrip()
+                    if not children[-1]:
+                        children.pop()
+                        children = rstrip_last_element(children)
+            return children
+
+        rstrip_last_element(self.children)
+        for i, child in enumerate(self.children):
+            if isinstance(child, six.string_types):
+                self.children[i] = child.strip()
+            elif hasattr(child, 'finalize'):
+                child.finalize()
+
+    def __eq__(self, element):
+        if not hasattr(element, 'name'):
+            return False
+        if hasattr(element, 'name') and self.name != element.name:
+            return False
+        if len(self.attributes) != len(element.attributes):
+            return False
+        if self.attributes != element.attributes:
+            # attributes without a value is same as attribute with value that
+            # equals the attributes name:
+            # <input checked> == <input checked="checked">
+            for i in range(len(self.attributes)):
+                attr, value = self.attributes[i]
+                other_attr, other_value = element.attributes[i]
+                if value is None:
+                    value = attr
+                if other_value is None:
+                    other_value = other_attr
+                if attr != other_attr or value != other_value:
+                    return False
+        if self.children != element.children:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash((self.name,) + tuple(a for a in self.attributes))
+
+    def __ne__(self, element):
+        return not self.__eq__(element)
+
+    def _count(self, element, count=True):
+        if not isinstance(element, six.string_types):
+            if self == element:
+                return 1
+        i = 0
+        for child in self.children:
+            # child is text content and element is also text content, then
+            # make a simple "text" in "text"
+            if isinstance(child, six.string_types):
+                if isinstance(element, six.string_types):
+                    if count:
+                        i += child.count(element)
+                    elif element in child:
+                        return 1
+            else:
+                i += child._count(element, count=count)
+                if not count and i:
+                    return i
+        return i
+
+    def __contains__(self, element):
+        return self._count(element, count=False) > 0
+
+    def count(self, element):
+        return self._count(element, count=True)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        return self.children[key]
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        output = '<%s' % self.name
+        for key, value in self.attributes:
+            if value:
+                output += ' %s="%s"' % (key, value)
+            else:
+                output += ' %s' % key
+        if self.children:
+            output += '>\n'
+            output += ''.join(six.text_type(c) for c in self.children)
+            output += '\n</%s>' % self.name
+        else:
+            output += ' />'
+        return output
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return six.text_type(self)
+
+
+@python_2_unicode_compatible
+class RootElement(Element):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super(RootElement, self).__init__(None, ())
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return ''.join(six.text_type(c) for c in self.children)
+
+
+class Parser(HTMLParser):
+    SELF_CLOSING_TAGS = ('br' , 'hr', 'input', 'img', 'meta', 'spacer',
+        'link', 'frame', 'base', 'col')
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        HTMLParser.__init__(self)
+        self.root = RootElement()
+        self.open_tags = []
+        self.element_positions = {}
+
+    def error(self, msg):
+        raise HTMLParseError(msg, self.getpos())
+
+    def format_position(self, position=None, element=None):
+        if not position and element:
+            position = self.element_positions[element]
+        if position is None:
+            position = self.getpos()
+        if hasattr(position, 'lineno'):
+            position = position.lineno, position.offset
+        return 'Line %d, Column %d' % position
+
+    @property
+    def current(self):
+        if self.open_tags:
+            return self.open_tags[-1]
+        else:
+            return self.root
+
+    def handle_startendtag(self, tag, attrs):
+        self.handle_starttag(tag, attrs)
+        if tag not in self.SELF_CLOSING_TAGS:
+            self.handle_endtag(tag)
+
+    def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs):
+        # Special case handling of 'class' attribute, so that comparisons of DOM
+        # instances are not sensitive to ordering of classes.
+        attrs = [
+            (name, " ".join(sorted(value.split(" "))))
+            if name == "class"
+            else (name, value)
+            for name, value in attrs
+            ]
+        element = Element(tag, attrs)
+        self.current.append(element)
+        if tag not in self.SELF_CLOSING_TAGS:
+            self.open_tags.append(element)
+        self.element_positions[element] = self.getpos()
+
+    def handle_endtag(self, tag):
+        if not self.open_tags:
+            self.error("Unexpected end tag `%s` (%s)" % (
+                tag, self.format_position()))
+        element = self.open_tags.pop()
+        while element.name != tag:
+            if not self.open_tags:
+                self.error("Unexpected end tag `%s` (%s)" % (
+                    tag, self.format_position()))
+            element = self.open_tags.pop()
+
+    def handle_data(self, data):
+        self.current.append(data)
+
+    def handle_charref(self, name):
+        self.current.append('&%s;' % name)
+
+    def handle_entityref(self, name):
+        self.current.append('&%s;' % name)
+
+
+def parse_html(html):
+    """
+    Takes a string that contains *valid* HTML and turns it into a Python object
+    structure that can be easily compared against other HTML on semantic
+    equivalence. Syntactical differences like which quotation is used on
+    arguments will be ignored.
+
+    """
+    parser = Parser()
+    parser.feed(html)
+    parser.close()
+    document = parser.root
+    document.finalize()
+    # Removing ROOT element if it's not necessary
+    if len(document.children) == 1:
+        if not isinstance(document.children[0], six.string_types):
+            document = document.children[0]
+    return document
diff --git a/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/test/runner.py b/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/test/runner.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8db8da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/test/runner.py
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+import os
+from optparse import make_option
+
+from django.conf import settings
+from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
+from django.test import TestCase
+from django.test.utils import setup_test_environment, teardown_test_environment
+from django.utils import unittest
+from django.utils.unittest import TestSuite, defaultTestLoader
+
+
+class DiscoverRunner(object):
+    """
+    A Django test runner that uses unittest2 test discovery.
+    """
+
+    test_loader = defaultTestLoader
+    reorder_by = (TestCase, )
+    option_list = (
+        make_option('-t', '--top-level-directory',
+            action='store', dest='top_level', default=None,
+            help='Top level of project for unittest discovery.'),
+        make_option('-p', '--pattern', action='store', dest='pattern',
+            default="test*.py",
+            help='The test matching pattern. Defaults to test*.py.'),
+        )
+
+    def __init__(self, pattern=None, top_level=None,
+                 verbosity=1, interactive=True, failfast=False,
+                 **kwargs):
+
+        self.pattern = pattern
+        self.top_level = top_level
+
+        self.verbosity = verbosity
+        self.interactive = interactive
+        self.failfast = failfast
+
+    def setup_test_environment(self, **kwargs):
+        setup_test_environment()
+        settings.DEBUG = False
+        unittest.installHandler()
+
+    def build_suite(self, test_labels=None, extra_tests=None, **kwargs):
+        suite = TestSuite()
+        test_labels = test_labels or ['.']
+        extra_tests = extra_tests or []
+
+        discover_kwargs = {}
+        if self.pattern is not None:
+            discover_kwargs['pattern'] = self.pattern
+        if self.top_level is not None:
+            discover_kwargs['top_level_dir'] = self.top_level
+
+        for label in test_labels:
+            kwargs = discover_kwargs.copy()
+            tests = None
+
+            label_as_path = os.path.abspath(label)
+
+            # if a module, or "module.ClassName[.method_name]", just run those
+            if not os.path.exists(label_as_path):
+                tests = self.test_loader.loadTestsFromName(label)
+            elif os.path.isdir(label_as_path) and not self.top_level:
+                # Try to be a bit smarter than unittest about finding the
+                # default top-level for a given directory path, to avoid
+                # breaking relative imports. (Unittest's default is to set
+                # top-level equal to the path, which means relative imports
+                # will result in "Attempted relative import in non-package.").
+
+                # We'd be happy to skip this and require dotted module paths
+                # (which don't cause this problem) instead of file paths (which
+                # do), but in the case of a directory in the cwd, which would
+                # be equally valid if considered as a top-level module or as a
+                # directory path, unittest unfortunately prefers the latter.
+
+                top_level = label_as_path
+                while True:
+                    init_py = os.path.join(top_level, '__init__.py')
+                    if os.path.exists(init_py):
+                        try_next = os.path.dirname(top_level)
+                        if try_next == top_level:
+                            # __init__.py all the way down? give up.
+                            break
+                        top_level = try_next
+                        continue
+                    break
+                kwargs['top_level_dir'] = top_level
+
+
+            if not (tests and tests.countTestCases()):
+                # if no tests found, it's probably a package; try discovery
+                tests = self.test_loader.discover(start_dir=label, **kwargs)
+
+                # make unittest forget the top-level dir it calculated from this
+                # run, to support running tests from two different top-levels.
+                self.test_loader._top_level_dir = None
+
+            suite.addTests(tests)
+
+        for test in extra_tests:
+            suite.addTest(test)
+
+        return reorder_suite(suite, self.reorder_by)
+
+    def setup_databases(self, **kwargs):
+        return setup_databases(self.verbosity, self.interactive, **kwargs)
+
+    def run_suite(self, suite, **kwargs):
+        return unittest.TextTestRunner(
+            verbosity=self.verbosity,
+            failfast=self.failfast,
+        ).run(suite)
+
+    def teardown_databases(self, old_config, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Destroys all the non-mirror databases.
+        """
+        old_names, mirrors = old_config
+        for connection, old_name, destroy in old_names:
+            if destroy:
+                connection.creation.destroy_test_db(old_name, self.verbosity)
+
+    def teardown_test_environment(self, **kwargs):
+        unittest.removeHandler()
+        teardown_test_environment()
+
+    def suite_result(self, suite, result, **kwargs):
+        return len(result.failures) + len(result.errors)
+
+    def run_tests(self, test_labels, extra_tests=None, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Run the unit tests for all the test labels in the provided list.
+
+        Test labels should be dotted Python paths to test modules, test
+        classes, or test methods.
+
+        A list of 'extra' tests may also be provided; these tests
+        will be added to the test suite.
+
+        Returns the number of tests that failed.
+        """
+        self.setup_test_environment()
+        suite = self.build_suite(test_labels, extra_tests)
+        old_config = self.setup_databases()
+        result = self.run_suite(suite)
+        self.teardown_databases(old_config)
+        self.teardown_test_environment()
+        return self.suite_result(suite, result)
+
+
+def dependency_ordered(test_databases, dependencies):
+    """
+    Reorder test_databases into an order that honors the dependencies
+    described in TEST_DEPENDENCIES.
+    """
+    ordered_test_databases = []
+    resolved_databases = set()
+
+    # Maps db signature to dependencies of all it's aliases
+    dependencies_map = {}
+
+    # sanity check - no DB can depend on it's own alias
+    for sig, (_, aliases) in test_databases:
+        all_deps = set()
+        for alias in aliases:
+            all_deps.update(dependencies.get(alias, []))
+        if not all_deps.isdisjoint(aliases):
+            raise ImproperlyConfigured(
+                "Circular dependency: databases %r depend on each other, "
+                "but are aliases." % aliases)
+        dependencies_map[sig] = all_deps
+
+    while test_databases:
+        changed = False
+        deferred = []
+
+        # Try to find a DB that has all it's dependencies met
+        for signature, (db_name, aliases) in test_databases:
+            if dependencies_map[signature].issubset(resolved_databases):
+                resolved_databases.update(aliases)
+                ordered_test_databases.append((signature, (db_name, aliases)))
+                changed = True
+            else:
+                deferred.append((signature, (db_name, aliases)))
+
+        if not changed:
+            raise ImproperlyConfigured(
+                "Circular dependency in TEST_DEPENDENCIES")
+        test_databases = deferred
+    return ordered_test_databases
+
+
+def reorder_suite(suite, classes):
+    """
+    Reorders a test suite by test type.
+
+    `classes` is a sequence of types
+
+    All tests of type classes[0] are placed first, then tests of type
+    classes[1], etc. Tests with no match in classes are placed last.
+    """
+    class_count = len(classes)
+    bins = [unittest.TestSuite() for i in range(class_count+1)]
+    partition_suite(suite, classes, bins)
+    for i in range(class_count):
+        bins[0].addTests(bins[i+1])
+    return bins[0]
+
+
+def partition_suite(suite, classes, bins):
+    """
+    Partitions a test suite by test type.
+
+    classes is a sequence of types
+    bins is a sequence of TestSuites, one more than classes
+
+    Tests of type classes[i] are added to bins[i],
+    tests with no match found in classes are place in bins[-1]
+    """
+    for test in suite:
+        if isinstance(test, unittest.TestSuite):
+            partition_suite(test, classes, bins)
+        else:
+            for i in range(len(classes)):
+                if isinstance(test, classes[i]):
+                    bins[i].addTest(test)
+                    break
+            else:
+                bins[-1].addTest(test)
+
+
+def setup_databases(verbosity, interactive, **kwargs):
+    from django.db import connections, DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS
+
+    # First pass -- work out which databases actually need to be created,
+    # and which ones are test mirrors or duplicate entries in DATABASES
+    mirrored_aliases = {}
+    test_databases = {}
+    dependencies = {}
+    default_sig = connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS].creation.test_db_signature()
+    for alias in connections:
+        connection = connections[alias]
+        if connection.settings_dict['TEST_MIRROR']:
+            # If the database is marked as a test mirror, save
+            # the alias.
+            mirrored_aliases[alias] = (
+                connection.settings_dict['TEST_MIRROR'])
+        else:
+            # Store a tuple with DB parameters that uniquely identify it.
+            # If we have two aliases with the same values for that tuple,
+            # we only need to create the test database once.
+            item = test_databases.setdefault(
+                connection.creation.test_db_signature(),
+                (connection.settings_dict['NAME'], set())
+            )
+            item[1].add(alias)
+
+            if 'TEST_DEPENDENCIES' in connection.settings_dict:
+                dependencies[alias] = (
+                    connection.settings_dict['TEST_DEPENDENCIES'])
+            else:
+                if alias != DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS and connection.creation.test_db_signature() != default_sig:
+                    dependencies[alias] = connection.settings_dict.get(
+                        'TEST_DEPENDENCIES', [DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS])
+
+    # Second pass -- actually create the databases.
+    old_names = []
+    mirrors = []
+
+    for signature, (db_name, aliases) in dependency_ordered(
+        test_databases.items(), dependencies):
+        test_db_name = None
+        # Actually create the database for the first connection
+        for alias in aliases:
+            connection = connections[alias]
+            if test_db_name is None:
+                test_db_name = connection.creation.create_test_db(
+                        verbosity, autoclobber=not interactive)
+                destroy = True
+            else:
+                connection.settings_dict['NAME'] = test_db_name
+                destroy = False
+            old_names.append((connection, db_name, destroy))
+
+    for alias, mirror_alias in mirrored_aliases.items():
+        mirrors.append((alias, connections[alias].settings_dict['NAME']))
+        connections[alias].settings_dict['NAME'] = (
+            connections[mirror_alias].settings_dict['NAME'])
+
+    return old_names, mirrors
diff --git a/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/test/signals.py b/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/test/signals.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a96bdff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/test/signals.py
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+import os
+import time
+
+from django.conf import settings
+from django.db import connections
+from django.dispatch import receiver, Signal
+from django.utils import timezone
+from django.utils.functional import empty
+
+template_rendered = Signal(providing_args=["template", "context"])
+
+setting_changed = Signal(providing_args=["setting", "value"])
+
+# Most setting_changed receivers are supposed to be added below,
+# except for cases where the receiver is related to a contrib app.
+
+
+@receiver(setting_changed)
+def update_connections_time_zone(**kwargs):
+    if kwargs['setting'] == 'TIME_ZONE':
+        # Reset process time zone
+        if hasattr(time, 'tzset'):
+            if kwargs['value']:
+                os.environ['TZ'] = kwargs['value']
+            else:
+                os.environ.pop('TZ', None)
+            time.tzset()
+
+        # Reset local time zone cache
+        timezone._localtime = None
+
+    # Reset the database connections' time zone
+    if kwargs['setting'] == 'USE_TZ' and settings.TIME_ZONE != 'UTC':
+        USE_TZ, TIME_ZONE = kwargs['value'], settings.TIME_ZONE
+    elif kwargs['setting'] == 'TIME_ZONE' and not settings.USE_TZ:
+        USE_TZ, TIME_ZONE = settings.USE_TZ, kwargs['value']
+    else:
+        # no need to change the database connnections' time zones
+        return
+    tz = 'UTC' if USE_TZ else TIME_ZONE
+    for conn in connections.all():
+        conn.settings_dict['TIME_ZONE'] = tz
+        tz_sql = conn.ops.set_time_zone_sql()
+        if tz_sql:
+            conn.cursor().execute(tz_sql, [tz])
+
+
+@receiver(setting_changed)
+def clear_context_processors_cache(**kwargs):
+    if kwargs['setting'] == 'TEMPLATE_CONTEXT_PROCESSORS':
+        from django.template import context
+        context._standard_context_processors = None
+
+
+@receiver(setting_changed)
+def clear_template_loaders_cache(**kwargs):
+    if kwargs['setting'] == 'TEMPLATE_LOADERS':
+        from django.template import loader
+        loader.template_source_loaders = None
+
+
+@receiver(setting_changed)
+def clear_serializers_cache(**kwargs):
+    if kwargs['setting'] == 'SERIALIZATION_MODULES':
+        from django.core import serializers
+        serializers._serializers = {}
+
+
+@receiver(setting_changed)
+def language_changed(**kwargs):
+    if kwargs['setting'] in ('LOCALE_PATHS', 'LANGUAGE_CODE'):
+        from django.utils.translation import trans_real
+        trans_real._default = None
+        if kwargs['setting'] == 'LOCALE_PATHS':
+            trans_real._translations = {}
+
+@receiver(setting_changed)
+def file_storage_changed(**kwargs):
+    if kwargs['setting'] in ('MEDIA_ROOT', 'DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE'):
+        from django.core.files.storage import default_storage
+        default_storage._wrapped = empty
diff --git a/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/test/simple.py b/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/test/simple.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f28b8a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/test/simple.py
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+"""
+This module is pending deprecation as of Django 1.6 and will be removed in
+version 1.8.
+
+"""
+import json
+import re
+import unittest as real_unittest
+import warnings
+
+from django.db.models import get_app, get_apps
+from django.test import _doctest as doctest
+from django.test import runner
+from django.test.utils import compare_xml, strip_quotes
+from django.utils import unittest
+from django.utils.importlib import import_module
+from django.utils.module_loading import module_has_submodule
+
+__all__ = ('DjangoTestSuiteRunner',)
+
+warnings.warn(
+    "The django.test.simple module and DjangoTestSuiteRunner are deprecated; "
+    "use django.test.runner.DiscoverRunner instead.",
+    PendingDeprecationWarning)
+
+# The module name for tests outside models.py
+TEST_MODULE = 'tests'
+
+
+normalize_long_ints = lambda s: re.sub(r'(?<![\w])(\d+)L(?![\w])', '\\1', s)
+normalize_decimals = lambda s: re.sub(r"Decimal\('(\d+(\.\d*)?)'\)",
+                                lambda m: "Decimal(\"%s\")" % m.groups()[0], s)
+
+
+class OutputChecker(doctest.OutputChecker):
+    def check_output(self, want, got, optionflags):
+        """
+        The entry method for doctest output checking. Defers to a sequence of
+        child checkers
+        """
+        checks = (self.check_output_default,
+                  self.check_output_numeric,
+                  self.check_output_xml,
+                  self.check_output_json)
+        for check in checks:
+            if check(want, got, optionflags):
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def check_output_default(self, want, got, optionflags):
+        """
+        The default comparator provided by doctest - not perfect, but good for
+        most purposes
+        """
+        return doctest.OutputChecker.check_output(self, want, got, optionflags)
+
+    def check_output_numeric(self, want, got, optionflags):
+        """Doctest does an exact string comparison of output, which means that
+        some numerically equivalent values aren't equal. This check normalizes
+         * long integers (22L) so that they equal normal integers. (22)
+         * Decimals so that they are comparable, regardless of the change
+           made to __repr__ in Python 2.6.
+        """
+        return doctest.OutputChecker.check_output(self,
+            normalize_decimals(normalize_long_ints(want)),
+            normalize_decimals(normalize_long_ints(got)),
+            optionflags)
+
+    def check_output_xml(self, want, got, optionsflags):
+        try:
+            return compare_xml(want, got)
+        except Exception:
+            return False
+
+    def check_output_json(self, want, got, optionsflags):
+        """
+        Tries to compare want and got as if they were JSON-encoded data
+        """
+        want, got = strip_quotes(want, got)
+        try:
+            want_json = json.loads(want)
+            got_json = json.loads(got)
+        except Exception:
+            return False
+        return want_json == got_json
+
+
+class DocTestRunner(doctest.DocTestRunner):
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        doctest.DocTestRunner.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        self.optionflags = doctest.ELLIPSIS
+
+
+doctestOutputChecker = OutputChecker()
+
+
+def get_tests(app_module):
+    parts = app_module.__name__.split('.')
+    prefix, last = parts[:-1], parts[-1]
+    try:
+        test_module = import_module('.'.join(prefix + [TEST_MODULE]))
+    except ImportError:
+        # Couldn't import tests.py. Was it due to a missing file, or
+        # due to an import error in a tests.py that actually exists?
+        # app_module either points to a models.py file, or models/__init__.py
+        # Tests are therefore either in same directory, or one level up
+        if last == 'models':
+            app_root = import_module('.'.join(prefix))
+        else:
+            app_root = app_module
+
+        if not module_has_submodule(app_root, TEST_MODULE):
+            test_module = None
+        else:
+            # The module exists, so there must be an import error in the test
+            # module itself.
+            raise
+    return test_module
+
+
+def make_doctest(module):
+    return doctest.DocTestSuite(module,
+       checker=doctestOutputChecker,
+       runner=DocTestRunner,
+    )
+
+
+def build_suite(app_module):
+    """
+    Create a complete Django test suite for the provided application module.
+    """
+    suite = unittest.TestSuite()
+
+    # Load unit and doctests in the models.py module. If module has
+    # a suite() method, use it. Otherwise build the test suite ourselves.
+    if hasattr(app_module, 'suite'):
+        suite.addTest(app_module.suite())
+    else:
+        suite.addTest(unittest.defaultTestLoader.loadTestsFromModule(
+            app_module))
+        try:
+            suite.addTest(make_doctest(app_module))
+        except ValueError:
+            # No doc tests in models.py
+            pass
+
+    # Check to see if a separate 'tests' module exists parallel to the
+    # models module
+    test_module = get_tests(app_module)
+    if test_module:
+        # Load unit and doctests in the tests.py module. If module has
+        # a suite() method, use it. Otherwise build the test suite ourselves.
+        if hasattr(test_module, 'suite'):
+            suite.addTest(test_module.suite())
+        else:
+            suite.addTest(unittest.defaultTestLoader.loadTestsFromModule(
+                test_module))
+            try:
+                suite.addTest(make_doctest(test_module))
+            except ValueError:
+                # No doc tests in tests.py
+                pass
+    return suite
+
+
+def build_test(label):
+    """
+    Construct a test case with the specified label. Label should be of the
+    form model.TestClass or model.TestClass.test_method. Returns an
+    instantiated test or test suite corresponding to the label provided.
+
+    """
+    parts = label.split('.')
+    if len(parts) < 2 or len(parts) > 3:
+        raise ValueError("Test label '%s' should be of the form app.TestCase "
+                         "or app.TestCase.test_method" % label)
+
+    #
+    # First, look for TestCase instances with a name that matches
+    #
+    app_module = get_app(parts[0])
+    test_module = get_tests(app_module)
+    TestClass = getattr(app_module, parts[1], None)
+
+    # Couldn't find the test class in models.py; look in tests.py
+    if TestClass is None:
+        if test_module:
+            TestClass = getattr(test_module, parts[1], None)
+
+    try:
+        if issubclass(TestClass, (unittest.TestCase, real_unittest.TestCase)):
+            if len(parts) == 2: # label is app.TestClass
+                try:
+                    return unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(
+                        TestClass)
+                except TypeError:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "Test label '%s' does not refer to a test class"
+                        % label)
+            else: # label is app.TestClass.test_method
+                return TestClass(parts[2])
+    except TypeError:
+        # TestClass isn't a TestClass - it must be a method or normal class
+        pass
+
+    #
+    # If there isn't a TestCase, look for a doctest that matches
+    #
+    tests = []
+    for module in app_module, test_module:
+        try:
+            doctests = make_doctest(module)
+            # Now iterate over the suite, looking for doctests whose name
+            # matches the pattern that was given
+            for test in doctests:
+                if test._dt_test.name in (
+                        '%s.%s' % (module.__name__, '.'.join(parts[1:])),
+                        '%s.__test__.%s' % (
+                            module.__name__, '.'.join(parts[1:]))):
+                    tests.append(test)
+        except ValueError:
+            # No doctests found.
+            pass
+
+    # If no tests were found, then we were given a bad test label.
+    if not tests:
+        raise ValueError("Test label '%s' does not refer to a test" % label)
+
+    # Construct a suite out of the tests that matched.
+    return unittest.TestSuite(tests)
+
+
+class DjangoTestSuiteRunner(runner.DiscoverRunner):
+
+    def build_suite(self, test_labels, extra_tests=None, **kwargs):
+        suite = unittest.TestSuite()
+
+        if test_labels:
+            for label in test_labels:
+                if '.' in label:
+                    suite.addTest(build_test(label))
+                else:
+                    app = get_app(label)
+                    suite.addTest(build_suite(app))
+        else:
+            for app in get_apps():
+                suite.addTest(build_suite(app))
+
+        if extra_tests:
+            for test in extra_tests:
+                suite.addTest(test)
+
+        return runner.reorder_suite(suite, (unittest.TestCase,))
diff --git a/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/test/testcases.py b/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/test/testcases.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..85ff66a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/test/testcases.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1208 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+from copy import copy
+import difflib
+import errno
+from functools import wraps
+import json
+import os
+import re
+import socket
+import sys
+import select
+import socket
+import threading
+import warnings
+
+from django.conf import settings
+from django.contrib.staticfiles.handlers import StaticFilesHandler
+from django.core import mail
+from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError, ImproperlyConfigured
+from django.core.handlers.wsgi import WSGIHandler
+from django.core.management import call_command
+from django.core.management.color import no_style
+from django.core.management.commands import flush
+from django.core.servers.basehttp import WSGIRequestHandler, WSGIServer
+from django.core.urlresolvers import clear_url_caches, set_urlconf
+from django.db import connection, connections, DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS, transaction
+from django.db.models.loading import cache
+from django.forms.fields import CharField
+from django.http import QueryDict
+from django.test.client import Client
+from django.test.html import HTMLParseError, parse_html
+from django.test.signals import template_rendered
+from django.test.utils import (CaptureQueriesContext, ContextList,
+    override_settings, compare_xml)
+from django.utils import six, unittest as ut2
+from django.utils.encoding import force_text
+from django.utils.six.moves.urllib.parse import urlsplit, urlunsplit
+from django.utils.unittest import skipIf # Imported here for backward compatibility
+from django.utils.unittest.util import safe_repr
+from django.views.static import serve
+
+
+__all__ = ('TestCase', 'TransactionTestCase',
+           'SimpleTestCase', 'skipIfDBFeature', 'skipUnlessDBFeature')
+
+
+def to_list(value):
+    """
+    Puts value into a list if it's not already one.
+    Returns an empty list if value is None.
+    """
+    if value is None:
+        value = []
+    elif not isinstance(value, list):
+        value = [value]
+    return value
+
+real_commit = transaction.commit
+real_rollback = transaction.rollback
+real_enter_transaction_management = transaction.enter_transaction_management
+real_leave_transaction_management = transaction.leave_transaction_management
+real_abort = transaction.abort
+
+def nop(*args, **kwargs):
+    return
+
+def disable_transaction_methods():
+    transaction.commit = nop
+    transaction.rollback = nop
+    transaction.enter_transaction_management = nop
+    transaction.leave_transaction_management = nop
+    transaction.abort = nop
+
+def restore_transaction_methods():
+    transaction.commit = real_commit
+    transaction.rollback = real_rollback
+    transaction.enter_transaction_management = real_enter_transaction_management
+    transaction.leave_transaction_management = real_leave_transaction_management
+    transaction.abort = real_abort
+
+
+def assert_and_parse_html(self, html, user_msg, msg):
+    try:
+        dom = parse_html(html)
+    except HTMLParseError as e:
+        standardMsg = '%s\n%s' % (msg, e.msg)
+        self.fail(self._formatMessage(user_msg, standardMsg))
+    return dom
+
+
+class _AssertNumQueriesContext(CaptureQueriesContext):
+    def __init__(self, test_case, num, connection):
+        self.test_case = test_case
+        self.num = num
+        super(_AssertNumQueriesContext, self).__init__(connection)
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
+        super(_AssertNumQueriesContext, self).__exit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
+        if exc_type is not None:
+            return
+        executed = len(self)
+        self.test_case.assertEqual(
+            executed, self.num, "%d queries executed, %d expected" % (
+                executed, self.num
+            )
+        )
+
+
+class _AssertTemplateUsedContext(object):
+    def __init__(self, test_case, template_name):
+        self.test_case = test_case
+        self.template_name = template_name
+        self.rendered_templates = []
+        self.rendered_template_names = []
+        self.context = ContextList()
+
+    def on_template_render(self, sender, signal, template, context, **kwargs):
+        self.rendered_templates.append(template)
+        self.rendered_template_names.append(template.name)
+        self.context.append(copy(context))
+
+    def test(self):
+        return self.template_name in self.rendered_template_names
+
+    def message(self):
+        return '%s was not rendered.' % self.template_name
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        template_rendered.connect(self.on_template_render)
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
+        template_rendered.disconnect(self.on_template_render)
+        if exc_type is not None:
+            return
+
+        if not self.test():
+            message = self.message()
+            if len(self.rendered_templates) == 0:
+                message += ' No template was rendered.'
+            else:
+                message += ' Following templates were rendered: %s' % (
+                    ', '.join(self.rendered_template_names))
+            self.test_case.fail(message)
+
+
+class _AssertTemplateNotUsedContext(_AssertTemplateUsedContext):
+    def test(self):
+        return self.template_name not in self.rendered_template_names
+
+    def message(self):
+        return '%s was rendered.' % self.template_name
+
+
+class SimpleTestCase(ut2.TestCase):
+
+    # The class we'll use for the test client self.client.
+    # Can be overridden in derived classes.
+    client_class = Client
+
+    _warn_txt = ("save_warnings_state/restore_warnings_state "
+        "django.test.*TestCase methods are deprecated. Use Python's "
+        "warnings.catch_warnings context manager instead.")
+
+    def __call__(self, result=None):
+        """
+        Wrapper around default __call__ method to perform common Django test
+        set up. This means that user-defined Test Cases aren't required to
+        include a call to super().setUp().
+        """
+        testMethod = getattr(self, self._testMethodName)
+        skipped = (getattr(self.__class__, "__unittest_skip__", False) or
+            getattr(testMethod, "__unittest_skip__", False))
+
+        if not skipped:
+            try:
+                self._pre_setup()
+            except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                raise
+            except Exception:
+                result.addError(self, sys.exc_info())
+                return
+        super(SimpleTestCase, self).__call__(result)
+        if not skipped:
+            try:
+                self._post_teardown()
+            except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                raise
+            except Exception:
+                result.addError(self, sys.exc_info())
+                return
+
+    def _pre_setup(self):
+        """Performs any pre-test setup. This includes:
+
+        * Creating a test client.
+        * If the class has a 'urls' attribute, replace ROOT_URLCONF with it.
+        * Clearing the mail test outbox.
+        """
+        self.client = self.client_class()
+        self._urlconf_setup()
+        mail.outbox = []
+
+    def _urlconf_setup(self):
+        set_urlconf(None)
+        if hasattr(self, 'urls'):
+            self._old_root_urlconf = settings.ROOT_URLCONF
+            settings.ROOT_URLCONF = self.urls
+            clear_url_caches()
+
+    def _post_teardown(self):
+        """Performs any post-test things. This includes:
+
+        * Putting back the original ROOT_URLCONF if it was changed.
+        """
+        self._urlconf_teardown()
+
+    def _urlconf_teardown(self):
+        set_urlconf(None)
+        if hasattr(self, '_old_root_urlconf'):
+            settings.ROOT_URLCONF = self._old_root_urlconf
+            clear_url_caches()
+
+    def save_warnings_state(self):
+        """
+        Saves the state of the warnings module
+        """
+        warnings.warn(self._warn_txt, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+        self._warnings_state = warnings.filters[:]
+
+    def restore_warnings_state(self):
+        """
+        Restores the state of the warnings module to the state
+        saved by save_warnings_state()
+        """
+        warnings.warn(self._warn_txt, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+        warnings.filters = self._warnings_state[:]
+
+    def settings(self, **kwargs):
+        """
+        A context manager that temporarily sets a setting and reverts
+        back to the original value when exiting the context.
+        """
+        return override_settings(**kwargs)
+
+    def assertRedirects(self, response, expected_url, status_code=302,
+                        target_status_code=200, host=None, msg_prefix=''):
+        """Asserts that a response redirected to a specific URL, and that the
+        redirect URL can be loaded.
+
+        Note that assertRedirects won't work for external links since it uses
+        TestClient to do a request.
+        """
+        if msg_prefix:
+            msg_prefix += ": "
+
+        if hasattr(response, 'redirect_chain'):
+            # The request was a followed redirect
+            self.assertTrue(len(response.redirect_chain) > 0,
+                msg_prefix + "Response didn't redirect as expected: Response"
+                " code was %d (expected %d)" %
+                    (response.status_code, status_code))
+
+            self.assertEqual(response.redirect_chain[0][1], status_code,
+                msg_prefix + "Initial response didn't redirect as expected:"
+                " Response code was %d (expected %d)" %
+                    (response.redirect_chain[0][1], status_code))
+
+            url, status_code = response.redirect_chain[-1]
+
+            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, target_status_code,
+                msg_prefix + "Response didn't redirect as expected: Final"
+                " Response code was %d (expected %d)" %
+                    (response.status_code, target_status_code))
+
+        else:
+            # Not a followed redirect
+            self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status_code,
+                msg_prefix + "Response didn't redirect as expected: Response"
+                " code was %d (expected %d)" %
+                    (response.status_code, status_code))
+
+            url = response.url
+            scheme, netloc, path, query, fragment = urlsplit(url)
+
+            redirect_response = response.client.get(path, QueryDict(query))
+
+            # Get the redirection page, using the same client that was used
+            # to obtain the original response.
+            self.assertEqual(redirect_response.status_code, target_status_code,
+                msg_prefix + "Couldn't retrieve redirection page '%s':"
+                " response code was %d (expected %d)" %
+                    (path, redirect_response.status_code, target_status_code))
+
+        e_scheme, e_netloc, e_path, e_query, e_fragment = urlsplit(
+                                                              expected_url)
+        if not (e_scheme or e_netloc):
+            expected_url = urlunsplit(('http', host or 'testserver', e_path,
+                e_query, e_fragment))
+
+        self.assertEqual(url, expected_url,
+            msg_prefix + "Response redirected to '%s', expected '%s'" %
+                (url, expected_url))
+
+    def assertContains(self, response, text, count=None, status_code=200,
+                       msg_prefix='', html=False):
+        """
+        Asserts that a response indicates that some content was retrieved
+        successfully, (i.e., the HTTP status code was as expected), and that
+        ``text`` occurs ``count`` times in the content of the response.
+        If ``count`` is None, the count doesn't matter - the assertion is true
+        if the text occurs at least once in the response.
+        """
+
+        # If the response supports deferred rendering and hasn't been rendered
+        # yet, then ensure that it does get rendered before proceeding further.
+        if (hasattr(response, 'render') and callable(response.render)
+            and not response.is_rendered):
+            response.render()
+
+        if msg_prefix:
+            msg_prefix += ": "
+
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status_code,
+            msg_prefix + "Couldn't retrieve content: Response code was %d"
+            " (expected %d)" % (response.status_code, status_code))
+
+        if response.streaming:
+            content = b''.join(response.streaming_content)
+        else:
+            content = response.content
+        if not isinstance(text, bytes) or html:
+            text = force_text(text, encoding=response._charset)
+            content = content.decode(response._charset)
+            text_repr = "'%s'" % text
+        else:
+            text_repr = repr(text)
+        if html:
+            content = assert_and_parse_html(self, content, None,
+                "Response's content is not valid HTML:")
+            text = assert_and_parse_html(self, text, None,
+                "Second argument is not valid HTML:")
+        real_count = content.count(text)
+        if count is not None:
+            self.assertEqual(real_count, count,
+                msg_prefix + "Found %d instances of %s in response"
+                " (expected %d)" % (real_count, text_repr, count))
+        else:
+            self.assertTrue(real_count != 0,
+                msg_prefix + "Couldn't find %s in response" % text_repr)
+
+    def assertNotContains(self, response, text, status_code=200,
+                          msg_prefix='', html=False):
+        """
+        Asserts that a response indicates that some content was retrieved
+        successfully, (i.e., the HTTP status code was as expected), and that
+        ``text`` doesn't occurs in the content of the response.
+        """
+
+        # If the response supports deferred rendering and hasn't been rendered
+        # yet, then ensure that it does get rendered before proceeding further.
+        if (hasattr(response, 'render') and callable(response.render)
+            and not response.is_rendered):
+            response.render()
+
+        if msg_prefix:
+            msg_prefix += ": "
+
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status_code,
+            msg_prefix + "Couldn't retrieve content: Response code was %d"
+            " (expected %d)" % (response.status_code, status_code))
+
+        content = response.content
+        if not isinstance(text, bytes) or html:
+            text = force_text(text, encoding=response._charset)
+            content = content.decode(response._charset)
+            text_repr = "'%s'" % text
+        else:
+            text_repr = repr(text)
+        if html:
+            content = assert_and_parse_html(self, content, None,
+                'Response\'s content is not valid HTML:')
+            text = assert_and_parse_html(self, text, None,
+                'Second argument is not valid HTML:')
+        self.assertEqual(content.count(text), 0,
+            msg_prefix + "Response should not contain %s" % text_repr)
+
+    def assertFormError(self, response, form, field, errors, msg_prefix=''):
+        """
+        Asserts that a form used to render the response has a specific field
+        error.
+        """
+        if msg_prefix:
+            msg_prefix += ": "
+
+        # Put context(s) into a list to simplify processing.
+        contexts = to_list(response.context)
+        if not contexts:
+            self.fail(msg_prefix + "Response did not use any contexts to "
+                      "render the response")
+
+        # Put error(s) into a list to simplify processing.
+        errors = to_list(errors)
+
+        # Search all contexts for the error.
+        found_form = False
+        for i,context in enumerate(contexts):
+            if form not in context:
+                continue
+            found_form = True
+            for err in errors:
+                if field:
+                    if field in context[form].errors:
+                        field_errors = context[form].errors[field]
+                        self.assertTrue(err in field_errors,
+                            msg_prefix + "The field '%s' on form '%s' in"
+                            " context %d does not contain the error '%s'"
+                            " (actual errors: %s)" %
+                                (field, form, i, err, repr(field_errors)))
+                    elif field in context[form].fields:
+                        self.fail(msg_prefix + "The field '%s' on form '%s'"
+                                  " in context %d contains no errors" %
+                                      (field, form, i))
+                    else:
+                        self.fail(msg_prefix + "The form '%s' in context %d"
+                                  " does not contain the field '%s'" %
+                                      (form, i, field))
+                else:
+                    non_field_errors = context[form].non_field_errors()
+                    self.assertTrue(err in non_field_errors,
+                        msg_prefix + "The form '%s' in context %d does not"
+                        " contain the non-field error '%s'"
+                        " (actual errors: %s)" %
+                            (form, i, err, non_field_errors))
+        if not found_form:
+            self.fail(msg_prefix + "The form '%s' was not used to render the"
+                      " response" % form)
+
+    def assertFormsetError(self, response, formset, form_index, field, errors,
+                           msg_prefix=''):
+        """
+        Asserts that a formset used to render the response has a specific error.
+
+        For field errors, specify the ``form_index`` and the ``field``.
+        For non-field errors, specify the ``form_index`` and the ``field`` as
+        None.
+        For non-form errors, specify ``form_index`` as None and the ``field``
+        as None.
+        """
+        # Add punctuation to msg_prefix
+        if msg_prefix:
+            msg_prefix += ": "
+
+        # Put context(s) into a list to simplify processing.
+        contexts = to_list(response.context)
+        if not contexts:
+            self.fail(msg_prefix + 'Response did not use any contexts to '
+                      'render the response')
+
+        # Put error(s) into a list to simplify processing.
+        errors = to_list(errors)
+
+        # Search all contexts for the error.
+        found_formset = False
+        for i, context in enumerate(contexts):
+            if formset not in context:
+                continue
+            found_formset = True
+            for err in errors:
+                if field is not None:
+                    if field in context[formset].forms[form_index].errors:
+                        field_errors = context[formset].forms[form_index].errors[field]
+                        self.assertTrue(err in field_errors,
+                                msg_prefix + "The field '%s' on formset '%s', "
+                                "form %d in context %d does not contain the "
+                                "error '%s' (actual errors: %s)" %
+                                        (field, formset, form_index, i, err,
+                                        repr(field_errors)))
+                    elif field in context[formset].forms[form_index].fields:
+                        self.fail(msg_prefix + "The field '%s' "
+                                  "on formset '%s', form %d in "
+                                  "context %d contains no errors" %
+                                        (field, formset, form_index, i))
+                    else:
+                        self.fail(msg_prefix + "The formset '%s', form %d in "
+                                 "context %d does not contain the field '%s'" %
+                                        (formset, form_index, i, field))
+                elif form_index is not None:
+                    non_field_errors = context[formset].forms[form_index].non_field_errors()
+                    self.assertFalse(len(non_field_errors) == 0,
+                                msg_prefix + "The formset '%s', form %d in "
+                                "context %d does not contain any non-field "
+                                "errors." % (formset, form_index, i))
+                    self.assertTrue(err in non_field_errors,
+                                    msg_prefix + "The formset '%s', form %d "
+                                    "in context %d does not contain the "
+                                    "non-field error '%s' "
+                                    "(actual errors: %s)" %
+                                        (formset, form_index, i, err,
+                                         repr(non_field_errors)))
+                else:
+                    non_form_errors = context[formset].non_form_errors()
+                    self.assertFalse(len(non_form_errors) == 0,
+                                     msg_prefix + "The formset '%s' in "
+                                     "context %d does not contain any "
+                                     "non-form errors." % (formset, i))
+                    self.assertTrue(err in non_form_errors,
+                                    msg_prefix + "The formset '%s' in context "
+                                    "%d does not contain the "
+                                    "non-form error '%s' (actual errors: %s)" %
+                                      (formset, i, err, repr(non_form_errors)))
+        if not found_formset:
+            self.fail(msg_prefix + "The formset '%s' was not used to render "
+                      "the response" % formset)
+
+    def assertTemplateUsed(self, response=None, template_name=None, msg_prefix=''):
+        """
+        Asserts that the template with the provided name was used in rendering
+        the response. Also usable as context manager.
+        """
+        if response is None and template_name is None:
+            raise TypeError('response and/or template_name argument must be provided')
+
+        if msg_prefix:
+            msg_prefix += ": "
+
+        # Use assertTemplateUsed as context manager.
+        if not hasattr(response, 'templates') or (response is None and template_name):
+            if response:
+                template_name = response
+                response = None
+            context = _AssertTemplateUsedContext(self, template_name)
+            return context
+
+        template_names = [t.name for t in response.templates]
+        if not template_names:
+            self.fail(msg_prefix + "No templates used to render the response")
+        self.assertTrue(template_name in template_names,
+            msg_prefix + "Template '%s' was not a template used to render"
+            " the response. Actual template(s) used: %s" %
+                (template_name, ', '.join(template_names)))
+
+    def assertTemplateNotUsed(self, response=None, template_name=None, msg_prefix=''):
+        """
+        Asserts that the template with the provided name was NOT used in
+        rendering the response. Also usable as context manager.
+        """
+        if response is None and template_name is None:
+            raise TypeError('response and/or template_name argument must be provided')
+
+        if msg_prefix:
+            msg_prefix += ": "
+
+        # Use assertTemplateUsed as context manager.
+        if not hasattr(response, 'templates') or (response is None and template_name):
+            if response:
+                template_name = response
+                response = None
+            context = _AssertTemplateNotUsedContext(self, template_name)
+            return context
+
+        template_names = [t.name for t in response.templates]
+        self.assertFalse(template_name in template_names,
+            msg_prefix + "Template '%s' was used unexpectedly in rendering"
+            " the response" % template_name)
+
+    def assertRaisesMessage(self, expected_exception, expected_message,
+                           callable_obj=None, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Asserts that the message in a raised exception matches the passed
+        value.
+
+        Args:
+            expected_exception: Exception class expected to be raised.
+            expected_message: expected error message string value.
+            callable_obj: Function to be called.
+            args: Extra args.
+            kwargs: Extra kwargs.
+        """
+        return six.assertRaisesRegex(self, expected_exception,
+                re.escape(expected_message), callable_obj, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def assertFieldOutput(self, fieldclass, valid, invalid, field_args=None,
+            field_kwargs=None, empty_value=''):
+        """
+        Asserts that a form field behaves correctly with various inputs.
+
+        Args:
+            fieldclass: the class of the field to be tested.
+            valid: a dictionary mapping valid inputs to their expected
+                    cleaned values.
+            invalid: a dictionary mapping invalid inputs to one or more
+                    raised error messages.
+            field_args: the args passed to instantiate the field
+            field_kwargs: the kwargs passed to instantiate the field
+            empty_value: the expected clean output for inputs in empty_values
+
+        """
+        if field_args is None:
+            field_args = []
+        if field_kwargs is None:
+            field_kwargs = {}
+        required = fieldclass(*field_args, **field_kwargs)
+        optional = fieldclass(*field_args,
+                              **dict(field_kwargs, required=False))
+        # test valid inputs
+        for input, output in valid.items():
+            self.assertEqual(required.clean(input), output)
+            self.assertEqual(optional.clean(input), output)
+        # test invalid inputs
+        for input, errors in invalid.items():
+            with self.assertRaises(ValidationError) as context_manager:
+                required.clean(input)
+            self.assertEqual(context_manager.exception.messages, errors)
+
+            with self.assertRaises(ValidationError) as context_manager:
+                optional.clean(input)
+            self.assertEqual(context_manager.exception.messages, errors)
+        # test required inputs
+        error_required = [force_text(required.error_messages['required'])]
+        for e in required.empty_values:
+            with self.assertRaises(ValidationError) as context_manager:
+                required.clean(e)
+            self.assertEqual(context_manager.exception.messages,
+                             error_required)
+            self.assertEqual(optional.clean(e), empty_value)
+        # test that max_length and min_length are always accepted
+        if issubclass(fieldclass, CharField):
+            field_kwargs.update({'min_length':2, 'max_length':20})
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(fieldclass(*field_args, **field_kwargs),
+                                       fieldclass))
+
+    def assertHTMLEqual(self, html1, html2, msg=None):
+        """
+        Asserts that two HTML snippets are semantically the same.
+        Whitespace in most cases is ignored, and attribute ordering is not
+        significant. The passed-in arguments must be valid HTML.
+        """
+        dom1 = assert_and_parse_html(self, html1, msg,
+            'First argument is not valid HTML:')
+        dom2 = assert_and_parse_html(self, html2, msg,
+            'Second argument is not valid HTML:')
+
+        if dom1 != dom2:
+            standardMsg = '%s != %s' % (
+                safe_repr(dom1, True), safe_repr(dom2, True))
+            diff = ('\n' + '\n'.join(difflib.ndiff(
+                           six.text_type(dom1).splitlines(),
+                           six.text_type(dom2).splitlines())))
+            standardMsg = self._truncateMessage(standardMsg, diff)
+            self.fail(self._formatMessage(msg, standardMsg))
+
+    def assertHTMLNotEqual(self, html1, html2, msg=None):
+        """Asserts that two HTML snippets are not semantically equivalent."""
+        dom1 = assert_and_parse_html(self, html1, msg,
+            'First argument is not valid HTML:')
+        dom2 = assert_and_parse_html(self, html2, msg,
+            'Second argument is not valid HTML:')
+
+        if dom1 == dom2:
+            standardMsg = '%s == %s' % (
+                safe_repr(dom1, True), safe_repr(dom2, True))
+            self.fail(self._formatMessage(msg, standardMsg))
+
+    def assertInHTML(self, needle, haystack, count=None, msg_prefix=''):
+        needle = assert_and_parse_html(self, needle, None,
+            'First argument is not valid HTML:')
+        haystack = assert_and_parse_html(self, haystack, None,
+            'Second argument is not valid HTML:')
+        real_count = haystack.count(needle)
+        if count is not None:
+            self.assertEqual(real_count, count,
+                msg_prefix + "Found %d instances of '%s' in response"
+                " (expected %d)" % (real_count, needle, count))
+        else:
+            self.assertTrue(real_count != 0,
+                msg_prefix + "Couldn't find '%s' in response" % needle)
+
+    def assertJSONEqual(self, raw, expected_data, msg=None):
+        try:
+            data = json.loads(raw)
+        except ValueError:
+            self.fail("First argument is not valid JSON: %r" % raw)
+        if isinstance(expected_data, six.string_types):
+            try:
+                expected_data = json.loads(expected_data)
+            except ValueError:
+                self.fail("Second argument is not valid JSON: %r" % expected_data)
+        self.assertEqual(data, expected_data, msg=msg)
+
+    def assertXMLEqual(self, xml1, xml2, msg=None):
+        """
+        Asserts that two XML snippets are semantically the same.
+        Whitespace in most cases is ignored, and attribute ordering is not
+        significant. The passed-in arguments must be valid XML.
+        """
+        try:
+            result = compare_xml(xml1, xml2)
+        except Exception as e:
+            standardMsg = 'First or second argument is not valid XML\n%s' % e
+            self.fail(self._formatMessage(msg, standardMsg))
+        else:
+            if not result:
+                standardMsg = '%s != %s' % (safe_repr(xml1, True), safe_repr(xml2, True))
+                self.fail(self._formatMessage(msg, standardMsg))
+
+    def assertXMLNotEqual(self, xml1, xml2, msg=None):
+        """
+        Asserts that two XML snippets are not semantically equivalent.
+        Whitespace in most cases is ignored, and attribute ordering is not
+        significant. The passed-in arguments must be valid XML.
+        """
+        try:
+            result = compare_xml(xml1, xml2)
+        except Exception as e:
+            standardMsg = 'First or second argument is not valid XML\n%s' % e
+            self.fail(self._formatMessage(msg, standardMsg))
+        else:
+            if result:
+                standardMsg = '%s == %s' % (safe_repr(xml1, True), safe_repr(xml2, True))
+                self.fail(self._formatMessage(msg, standardMsg))
+
+
+class TransactionTestCase(SimpleTestCase):
+
+    # Subclasses can ask for resetting of auto increment sequence before each
+    # test case
+    reset_sequences = False
+
+    # Subclasses can enable only a subset of apps for faster tests
+    available_apps = None
+
+    def _pre_setup(self):
+        """Performs any pre-test setup. This includes:
+
+        * If the class has an 'available_apps' attribute, restricting the app
+          cache to these applications, then firing post_syncdb -- it must run
+          with the correct set of applications for the test case.
+        * If the class has a 'fixtures' attribute, installing these fixtures.
+        """
+        super(TransactionTestCase, self)._pre_setup()
+        if self.available_apps is not None:
+            cache.set_available_apps(self.available_apps)
+            for db_name in self._databases_names(include_mirrors=False):
+                flush.Command.emit_post_syncdb(
+                        verbosity=0, interactive=False, database=db_name)
+        try:
+            self._fixture_setup()
+        except Exception:
+            if self.available_apps is not None:
+                cache.unset_available_apps()
+            raise
+
+    def _databases_names(self, include_mirrors=True):
+        # If the test case has a multi_db=True flag, act on all databases,
+        # including mirrors or not. Otherwise, just on the default DB.
+        if getattr(self, 'multi_db', False):
+            return [alias for alias in connections
+                    if include_mirrors or not connections[alias].settings_dict['TEST_MIRROR']]
+        else:
+            return [DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS]
+
+    def _reset_sequences(self, db_name):
+        conn = connections[db_name]
+        if conn.features.supports_sequence_reset:
+            sql_list = \
+                conn.ops.sequence_reset_by_name_sql(no_style(),
+                                                    conn.introspection.sequence_list())
+            if sql_list:
+                with transaction.commit_on_success_unless_managed(using=db_name):
+                    cursor = conn.cursor()
+                    for sql in sql_list:
+                        cursor.execute(sql)
+
+    def _fixture_setup(self):
+        for db_name in self._databases_names(include_mirrors=False):
+            # Reset sequences
+            if self.reset_sequences:
+                self._reset_sequences(db_name)
+
+            if hasattr(self, 'fixtures'):
+                # We have to use this slightly awkward syntax due to the fact
+                # that we're using *args and **kwargs together.
+                call_command('loaddata', *self.fixtures,
+                             **{'verbosity': 0, 'database': db_name, 'skip_validation': True})
+
+    def _post_teardown(self):
+        """Performs any post-test things. This includes:
+
+        * Flushing the contents of the database, to leave a clean slate. If
+          the class has an 'available_apps' attribute, post_syncdb isn't fired.
+        * Force-closing the connection, so the next test gets a clean cursor.
+        """
+        try:
+            self._fixture_teardown()
+            super(TransactionTestCase, self)._post_teardown()
+            # Some DB cursors include SQL statements as part of cursor
+            # creation. If you have a test that does rollback, the effect of
+            # these statements is lost, which can effect the operation of
+            # tests (e.g., losing a timezone setting causing objects to be
+            # created with the wrong time). To make sure this doesn't happen,
+            # get a clean connection at the start of every test.
+            for conn in connections.all():
+                conn.close()
+        finally:
+            cache.unset_available_apps()
+
+    def _fixture_teardown(self):
+        # Allow TRUNCATE ... CASCADE and don't emit the post_syncdb signal
+        # when flushing only a subset of the apps
+        for db_name in self._databases_names(include_mirrors=False):
+            call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False,
+                         database=db_name, skip_validation=True,
+                         reset_sequences=False,
+                         allow_cascade=self.available_apps is not None,
+                         inhibit_post_syncdb=self.available_apps is not None)
+
+    def assertQuerysetEqual(self, qs, values, transform=repr, ordered=True):
+        items = six.moves.map(transform, qs)
+        if not ordered:
+            return self.assertEqual(set(items), set(values))
+        values = list(values)
+        # For example qs.iterator() could be passed as qs, but it does not
+        # have 'ordered' attribute.
+        if len(values) > 1 and hasattr(qs, 'ordered') and not qs.ordered:
+            raise ValueError("Trying to compare non-ordered queryset "
+                             "against more than one ordered values")
+        return self.assertEqual(list(items), values)
+
+    def assertNumQueries(self, num, func=None, *args, **kwargs):
+        using = kwargs.pop("using", DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS)
+        conn = connections[using]
+
+        context = _AssertNumQueriesContext(self, num, conn)
+        if func is None:
+            return context
+
+        with context:
+            func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def connections_support_transactions():
+    """
+    Returns True if all connections support transactions.
+    """
+    return all(conn.features.supports_transactions
+               for conn in connections.all())
+
+
+class TestCase(TransactionTestCase):
+    """
+    Does basically the same as TransactionTestCase, but surrounds every test
+    with a transaction, monkey-patches the real transaction management routines
+    to do nothing, and rollsback the test transaction at the end of the test.
+    You have to use TransactionTestCase, if you need transaction management
+    inside a test.
+    """
+
+    def _fixture_setup(self):
+        if not connections_support_transactions():
+            return super(TestCase, self)._fixture_setup()
+
+        assert not self.reset_sequences, 'reset_sequences cannot be used on TestCase instances'
+
+        self.atomics = {}
+        for db_name in self._databases_names():
+            self.atomics[db_name] = transaction.atomic(using=db_name)
+            self.atomics[db_name].__enter__()
+        # Remove this when the legacy transaction management goes away.
+        disable_transaction_methods()
+
+        for db_name in self._databases_names(include_mirrors=False):
+            if hasattr(self, 'fixtures'):
+                try:
+                    call_command('loaddata', *self.fixtures,
+                                 **{
+                                    'verbosity': 0,
+                                    'commit': False,
+                                    'database': db_name,
+                                    'skip_validation': True,
+                                 })
+                except Exception:
+                    self._fixture_teardown()
+                    raise
+
+    def _fixture_teardown(self):
+        if not connections_support_transactions():
+            return super(TestCase, self)._fixture_teardown()
+
+        # Remove this when the legacy transaction management goes away.
+        restore_transaction_methods()
+        for db_name in reversed(self._databases_names()):
+            # Hack to force a rollback
+            connections[db_name].needs_rollback = True
+            self.atomics[db_name].__exit__(None, None, None)
+
+
+def _deferredSkip(condition, reason):
+    def decorator(test_func):
+        if not (isinstance(test_func, type) and
+                issubclass(test_func, TestCase)):
+            @wraps(test_func)
+            def skip_wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+                if condition():
+                    raise ut2.SkipTest(reason)
+                return test_func(*args, **kwargs)
+            test_item = skip_wrapper
+        else:
+            test_item = test_func
+        test_item.__unittest_skip_why__ = reason
+        return test_item
+    return decorator
+
+
+def skipIfDBFeature(feature):
+    """
+    Skip a test if a database has the named feature
+    """
+    return _deferredSkip(lambda: getattr(connection.features, feature),
+                         "Database has feature %s" % feature)
+
+
+def skipUnlessDBFeature(feature):
+    """
+    Skip a test unless a database has the named feature
+    """
+    return _deferredSkip(lambda: not getattr(connection.features, feature),
+                         "Database doesn't support feature %s" % feature)
+
+
+class QuietWSGIRequestHandler(WSGIRequestHandler):
+    """
+    Just a regular WSGIRequestHandler except it doesn't log to the standard
+    output any of the requests received, so as to not clutter the output for
+    the tests' results.
+    """
+
+    def log_message(*args):
+        pass
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 3, 0):
+    _ImprovedEvent = threading.Event
+elif sys.version_info >= (2, 7, 0):
+    _ImprovedEvent = threading._Event
+else:
+    class _ImprovedEvent(threading._Event):
+        """
+        Does the same as `threading.Event` except it overrides the wait() method
+        with some code borrowed from Python 2.7 to return the set state of the
+        event (see: http://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/b5aa8aa78c0f/). This allows
+        to know whether the wait() method exited normally or because of the
+        timeout. This class can be removed when Django supports only Python >= 2.7.
+        """
+
+        def wait(self, timeout=None):
+            self._Event__cond.acquire()
+            try:
+                if not self._Event__flag:
+                    self._Event__cond.wait(timeout)
+                return self._Event__flag
+            finally:
+                self._Event__cond.release()
+
+
+class StoppableWSGIServer(WSGIServer):
+    """
+    The code in this class is borrowed from the `SocketServer.BaseServer` class
+    in Python 2.6. The important functionality here is that the server is non-
+    blocking and that it can be shut down at any moment. This is made possible
+    by the server regularly polling the socket and checking if it has been
+    asked to stop.
+    Note for the future: Once Django stops supporting Python 2.6, this class
+    can be removed as `WSGIServer` will have this ability to shutdown on
+    demand and will not require the use of the _ImprovedEvent class whose code
+    is borrowed from Python 2.7.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super(StoppableWSGIServer, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self.__is_shut_down = _ImprovedEvent()
+        self.__serving = False
+
+    def serve_forever(self, poll_interval=0.5):
+        """
+        Handle one request at a time until shutdown.
+
+        Polls for shutdown every poll_interval seconds.
+        """
+        self.__serving = True
+        self.__is_shut_down.clear()
+        while self.__serving:
+            r, w, e = select.select([self], [], [], poll_interval)
+            if r:
+                self._handle_request_noblock()
+        self.__is_shut_down.set()
+
+    def shutdown(self):
+        """
+        Stops the serve_forever loop.
+
+        Blocks until the loop has finished. This must be called while
+        serve_forever() is running in another thread, or it will
+        deadlock.
+        """
+        self.__serving = False
+        if not self.__is_shut_down.wait(2):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Failed to shutdown the live test server in 2 seconds. The "
+                "server might be stuck or generating a slow response.")
+
+    def handle_request(self):
+        """Handle one request, possibly blocking.
+        """
+        fd_sets = select.select([self], [], [], None)
+        if not fd_sets[0]:
+            return
+        self._handle_request_noblock()
+
+    def _handle_request_noblock(self):
+        """
+        Handle one request, without blocking.
+
+        I assume that select.select has returned that the socket is
+        readable before this function was called, so there should be
+        no risk of blocking in get_request().
+        """
+        try:
+            request, client_address = self.get_request()
+        except socket.error:
+            return
+        if self.verify_request(request, client_address):
+            try:
+                self.process_request(request, client_address)
+            except Exception:
+                self.handle_error(request, client_address)
+                self.close_request(request)
+
+
+class _MediaFilesHandler(StaticFilesHandler):
+    """
+    Handler for serving the media files. This is a private class that is
+    meant to be used solely as a convenience by LiveServerThread.
+    """
+
+    def get_base_dir(self):
+        return settings.MEDIA_ROOT
+
+    def get_base_url(self):
+        return settings.MEDIA_URL
+
+    def serve(self, request):
+        relative_url = request.path[len(self.base_url[2]):]
+        return serve(request, relative_url, document_root=self.get_base_dir())
+
+
+class LiveServerThread(threading.Thread):
+    """
+    Thread for running a live http server while the tests are running.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, host, possible_ports, connections_override=None):
+        self.host = host
+        self.port = None
+        self.possible_ports = possible_ports
+        self.is_ready = threading.Event()
+        self.error = None
+        self.connections_override = connections_override
+        super(LiveServerThread, self).__init__()
+
+    def run(self):
+        """
+        Sets up the live server and databases, and then loops over handling
+        http requests.
+        """
+        if self.connections_override:
+            # Override this thread's database connections with the ones
+            # provided by the main thread.
+            for alias, conn in self.connections_override.items():
+                connections[alias] = conn
+        try:
+            # Create the handler for serving static and media files
+            handler = StaticFilesHandler(_MediaFilesHandler(WSGIHandler()))
+
+            # Go through the list of possible ports, hoping that we can find
+            # one that is free to use for the WSGI server.
+            for index, port in enumerate(self.possible_ports):
+                try:
+                    self.httpd = StoppableWSGIServer(
+                        (self.host, port), QuietWSGIRequestHandler)
+                except socket.error as e:
+                    if (index + 1 < len(self.possible_ports) and
+                        e.errno == errno.EADDRINUSE):
+                        # This port is already in use, so we go on and try with
+                        # the next one in the list.
+                        continue
+                    else:
+                        # Either none of the given ports are free or the error
+                        # is something else than "Address already in use". So
+                        # we let that error bubble up to the main thread.
+                        raise
+                else:
+                    # A free port was found.
+                    self.port = port
+                    break
+
+            self.httpd.set_app(handler)
+            self.is_ready.set()
+            self.httpd.serve_forever()
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.error = e
+            self.is_ready.set()
+
+    def join(self, timeout=None):
+        if hasattr(self, 'httpd'):
+            # Stop the WSGI server
+            self.httpd.shutdown()
+            self.httpd.server_close()
+        super(LiveServerThread, self).join(timeout)
+
+
+class LiveServerTestCase(TransactionTestCase):
+    """
+    Does basically the same as TransactionTestCase but also launches a live
+    http server in a separate thread so that the tests may use another testing
+    framework, such as Selenium for example, instead of the built-in dummy
+    client.
+    Note that it inherits from TransactionTestCase instead of TestCase because
+    the threads do not share the same transactions (unless if using in-memory
+    sqlite) and each thread needs to commit all their transactions so that the
+    other thread can see the changes.
+    """
+
+    @property
+    def live_server_url(self):
+        return 'http://%s:%s' % (
+            self.server_thread.host, self.server_thread.port)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls):
+        connections_override = {}
+        for conn in connections.all():
+            # If using in-memory sqlite databases, pass the connections to
+            # the server thread.
+            if (conn.settings_dict['ENGINE'].rsplit('.', 1)[-1] in ('sqlite3', 'spatialite')
+                and conn.settings_dict['NAME'] == ':memory:'):
+                # Explicitly enable thread-shareability for this connection
+                conn.allow_thread_sharing = True
+                connections_override[conn.alias] = conn
+
+        # Launch the live server's thread
+        specified_address = os.environ.get(
+            'DJANGO_LIVE_TEST_SERVER_ADDRESS', 'localhost:8081')
+
+        # The specified ports may be of the form '8000-8010,8080,9200-9300'
+        # i.e. a comma-separated list of ports or ranges of ports, so we break
+        # it down into a detailed list of all possible ports.
+        possible_ports = []
+        try:
+            host, port_ranges = specified_address.split(':')
+            for port_range in port_ranges.split(','):
+                # A port range can be of either form: '8000' or '8000-8010'.
+                extremes = list(map(int, port_range.split('-')))
+                assert len(extremes) in [1, 2]
+                if len(extremes) == 1:
+                    # Port range of the form '8000'
+                    possible_ports.append(extremes[0])
+                else:
+                    # Port range of the form '8000-8010'
+                    for port in range(extremes[0], extremes[1] + 1):
+                        possible_ports.append(port)
+        except Exception:
+            msg = 'Invalid address ("%s") for live server.' % specified_address
+            six.reraise(ImproperlyConfigured, ImproperlyConfigured(msg), sys.exc_info()[2])
+        cls.server_thread = LiveServerThread(
+            host, possible_ports, connections_override)
+        cls.server_thread.daemon = True
+        cls.server_thread.start()
+
+        # Wait for the live server to be ready
+        cls.server_thread.is_ready.wait()
+        if cls.server_thread.error:
+            # Clean up behind ourselves, since tearDownClass won't get called in
+            # case of errors.
+            cls._tearDownClassInternal()
+            raise cls.server_thread.error
+
+        super(LiveServerTestCase, cls).setUpClass()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _tearDownClassInternal(cls):
+        # There may not be a 'server_thread' attribute if setUpClass() for some
+        # reasons has raised an exception.
+        if hasattr(cls, 'server_thread'):
+            # Terminate the live server's thread
+            cls.server_thread.join()
+
+        # Restore sqlite connections' non-sharability
+        for conn in connections.all():
+            if (conn.settings_dict['ENGINE'].rsplit('.', 1)[-1] in ('sqlite3', 'spatialite')
+                and conn.settings_dict['NAME'] == ':memory:'):
+                conn.allow_thread_sharing = False
+
+    @classmethod
+    def tearDownClass(cls):
+        cls._tearDownClassInternal()
+        super(LiveServerTestCase, cls).tearDownClass()
diff --git a/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/test/utils.py b/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/test/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..818ccaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/test/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,469 @@
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+import logging
+import re
+import sys
+from threading import local
+import time
+import warnings
+from functools import wraps
+from xml.dom.minidom import parseString, Node
+
+from django.conf import settings, UserSettingsHolder
+from django.core import mail
+from django.core.signals import request_started
+from django.db import reset_queries
+from django.http import request
+from django.template import Template, loader, TemplateDoesNotExist
+from django.template.loaders import cached
+from django.test.signals import template_rendered, setting_changed
+from django.utils.encoding import force_str
+from django.utils import six
+from django.utils.translation import deactivate
+from django.utils.unittest import skipUnless
+
+
+__all__ = (
+    'Approximate', 'ContextList',  'get_runner', 'override_settings',
+    'requires_tz_support', 'setup_test_environment', 'teardown_test_environment',
+)
+
+RESTORE_LOADERS_ATTR = '_original_template_source_loaders'
+TZ_SUPPORT = hasattr(time, 'tzset')
+
+
+class Approximate(object):
+    def __init__(self, val, places=7):
+        self.val = val
+        self.places = places
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return repr(self.val)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if self.val == other:
+            return True
+        return round(abs(self.val - other), self.places) == 0
+
+
+class ContextList(list):
+    """A wrapper that provides direct key access to context items contained
+    in a list of context objects.
+    """
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        if isinstance(key, six.string_types):
+            for subcontext in self:
+                if key in subcontext:
+                    return subcontext[key]
+            raise KeyError(key)
+        else:
+            return super(ContextList, self).__getitem__(key)
+
+    def __contains__(self, key):
+        try:
+            self[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def keys(self):
+        """
+        Flattened keys of subcontexts.
+        """
+        keys = set()
+        for subcontext in self:
+            for dict in subcontext:
+                keys |= set(dict.keys())
+        return keys
+
+
+def instrumented_test_render(self, context):
+    """
+    An instrumented Template render method, providing a signal
+    that can be intercepted by the test system Client
+    """
+    template_rendered.send(sender=self, template=self, context=context)
+    return self.nodelist.render(context)
+
+
+def setup_test_environment():
+    """Perform any global pre-test setup. This involves:
+
+        - Installing the instrumented test renderer
+        - Set the email backend to the locmem email backend.
+        - Setting the active locale to match the LANGUAGE_CODE setting.
+    """
+    Template._original_render = Template._render
+    Template._render = instrumented_test_render
+
+    # Storing previous values in the settings module itself is problematic.
+    # Store them in arbitrary (but related) modules instead. See #20636.
+
+    mail._original_email_backend = settings.EMAIL_BACKEND
+    settings.EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.locmem.EmailBackend'
+
+    request._original_allowed_hosts = settings.ALLOWED_HOSTS
+    settings.ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']
+
+    mail.outbox = []
+
+    deactivate()
+
+
+def teardown_test_environment():
+    """Perform any global post-test teardown. This involves:
+
+        - Restoring the original test renderer
+        - Restoring the email sending functions
+
+    """
+    Template._render = Template._original_render
+    del Template._original_render
+
+    settings.EMAIL_BACKEND = mail._original_email_backend
+    del mail._original_email_backend
+
+    settings.ALLOWED_HOSTS = request._original_allowed_hosts
+    del request._original_allowed_hosts
+
+    del mail.outbox
+
+
+warn_txt = ("get_warnings_state/restore_warnings_state functions from "
+    "django.test.utils are deprecated. Use Python's warnings.catch_warnings() "
+    "context manager instead.")
+
+
+def get_warnings_state():
+    """
+    Returns an object containing the state of the warnings module
+    """
+    # There is no public interface for doing this, but this implementation of
+    # get_warnings_state and restore_warnings_state appears to work on Python
+    # 2.4 to 2.7.
+    warnings.warn(warn_txt, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+    return warnings.filters[:]
+
+
+def restore_warnings_state(state):
+    """
+    Restores the state of the warnings module when passed an object that was
+    returned by get_warnings_state()
+    """
+    warnings.warn(warn_txt, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+    warnings.filters = state[:]
+
+
+def get_runner(settings, test_runner_class=None):
+    if not test_runner_class:
+        test_runner_class = settings.TEST_RUNNER
+
+    test_path = test_runner_class.split('.')
+    # Allow for Python 2.5 relative paths
+    if len(test_path) > 1:
+        test_module_name = '.'.join(test_path[:-1])
+    else:
+        test_module_name = '.'
+    test_module = __import__(test_module_name, {}, {}, force_str(test_path[-1]))
+    test_runner = getattr(test_module, test_path[-1])
+    return test_runner
+
+
+def setup_test_template_loader(templates_dict, use_cached_loader=False):
+    """
+    Changes Django to only find templates from within a dictionary (where each
+    key is the template name and each value is the corresponding template
+    content to return).
+
+    Use meth:`restore_template_loaders` to restore the original loaders.
+    """
+    if hasattr(loader, RESTORE_LOADERS_ATTR):
+        raise Exception("loader.%s already exists" % RESTORE_LOADERS_ATTR)
+
+    def test_template_loader(template_name, template_dirs=None):
+        "A custom template loader that loads templates from a dictionary."
+        try:
+            return (templates_dict[template_name], "test:%s" % template_name)
+        except KeyError:
+            raise TemplateDoesNotExist(template_name)
+
+    if use_cached_loader:
+        template_loader = cached.Loader(('test_template_loader',))
+        template_loader._cached_loaders = (test_template_loader,)
+    else:
+        template_loader = test_template_loader
+
+    setattr(loader, RESTORE_LOADERS_ATTR, loader.template_source_loaders)
+    loader.template_source_loaders = (template_loader,)
+    return template_loader
+
+
+def restore_template_loaders():
+    """
+    Restores the original template loaders after
+    :meth:`setup_test_template_loader` has been run.
+    """
+    loader.template_source_loaders = getattr(loader, RESTORE_LOADERS_ATTR)
+    delattr(loader, RESTORE_LOADERS_ATTR)
+
+
+class override_settings(object):
+    """
+    Acts as either a decorator, or a context manager. If it's a decorator it
+    takes a function and returns a wrapped function. If it's a contextmanager
+    it's used with the ``with`` statement. In either event entering/exiting
+    are called before and after, respectively, the function/block is executed.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        self.options = kwargs
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        self.enable()
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
+        self.disable()
+
+    def __call__(self, test_func):
+        from django.test import SimpleTestCase
+        if isinstance(test_func, type):
+            if not issubclass(test_func, SimpleTestCase):
+                raise Exception(
+                    "Only subclasses of Django SimpleTestCase can be decorated "
+                    "with override_settings")
+            original_pre_setup = test_func._pre_setup
+            original_post_teardown = test_func._post_teardown
+
+            def _pre_setup(innerself):
+                self.enable()
+                original_pre_setup(innerself)
+
+            def _post_teardown(innerself):
+                original_post_teardown(innerself)
+                self.disable()
+            test_func._pre_setup = _pre_setup
+            test_func._post_teardown = _post_teardown
+            return test_func
+        else:
+            @wraps(test_func)
+            def inner(*args, **kwargs):
+                with self:
+                    return test_func(*args, **kwargs)
+        return inner
+
+    def enable(self):
+        override = UserSettingsHolder(settings._wrapped)
+        for key, new_value in self.options.items():
+            setattr(override, key, new_value)
+        self.wrapped = settings._wrapped
+        settings._wrapped = override
+        for key, new_value in self.options.items():
+            setting_changed.send(sender=settings._wrapped.__class__,
+                                 setting=key, value=new_value)
+
+    def disable(self):
+        settings._wrapped = self.wrapped
+        del self.wrapped
+        for key in self.options:
+            new_value = getattr(settings, key, None)
+            setting_changed.send(sender=settings._wrapped.__class__,
+                                 setting=key, value=new_value)
+
+
+def compare_xml(want, got):
+    """Tries to do a 'xml-comparison' of want and got.  Plain string
+    comparison doesn't always work because, for example, attribute
+    ordering should not be important. Comment nodes are not considered in the
+    comparison.
+
+    Based on http://codespeak.net/svn/lxml/trunk/src/lxml/doctestcompare.py
+    """
+    _norm_whitespace_re = re.compile(r'[ \t\n][ \t\n]+')
+    def norm_whitespace(v):
+        return _norm_whitespace_re.sub(' ', v)
+
+    def child_text(element):
+        return ''.join([c.data for c in element.childNodes
+                        if c.nodeType == Node.TEXT_NODE])
+
+    def children(element):
+        return [c for c in element.childNodes
+                if c.nodeType == Node.ELEMENT_NODE]
+
+    def norm_child_text(element):
+        return norm_whitespace(child_text(element))
+
+    def attrs_dict(element):
+        return dict(element.attributes.items())
+
+    def check_element(want_element, got_element):
+        if want_element.tagName != got_element.tagName:
+            return False
+        if norm_child_text(want_element) != norm_child_text(got_element):
+            return False
+        if attrs_dict(want_element) != attrs_dict(got_element):
+            return False
+        want_children = children(want_element)
+        got_children = children(got_element)
+        if len(want_children) != len(got_children):
+            return False
+        for want, got in zip(want_children, got_children):
+            if not check_element(want, got):
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    def first_node(document):
+        for node in document.childNodes:
+            if node.nodeType != Node.COMMENT_NODE:
+                return node
+
+    want, got = strip_quotes(want, got)
+    want = want.replace('\\n','\n')
+    got = got.replace('\\n','\n')
+
+    # If the string is not a complete xml document, we may need to add a
+    # root element. This allow us to compare fragments, like "<foo/><bar/>"
+    if not want.startswith('<?xml'):
+        wrapper = '<root>%s</root>'
+        want = wrapper % want
+        got = wrapper % got
+
+    # Parse the want and got strings, and compare the parsings.
+    want_root = first_node(parseString(want))
+    got_root = first_node(parseString(got))
+
+    return check_element(want_root, got_root)
+
+
+def strip_quotes(want, got):
+    """
+    Strip quotes of doctests output values:
+
+    >>> strip_quotes("'foo'")
+    "foo"
+    >>> strip_quotes('"foo"')
+    "foo"
+    """
+    def is_quoted_string(s):
+        s = s.strip()
+        return (len(s) >= 2
+                and s[0] == s[-1]
+                and s[0] in ('"', "'"))
+
+    def is_quoted_unicode(s):
+        s = s.strip()
+        return (len(s) >= 3
+                and s[0] == 'u'
+                and s[1] == s[-1]
+                and s[1] in ('"', "'"))
+
+    if is_quoted_string(want) and is_quoted_string(got):
+        want = want.strip()[1:-1]
+        got = got.strip()[1:-1]
+    elif is_quoted_unicode(want) and is_quoted_unicode(got):
+        want = want.strip()[2:-1]
+        got = got.strip()[2:-1]
+    return want, got
+
+
+def str_prefix(s):
+    return s % {'_': '' if six.PY3 else 'u'}
+
+
+class CaptureQueriesContext(object):
+    """
+    Context manager that captures queries executed by the specified connection.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, connection):
+        self.connection = connection
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return iter(self.captured_queries)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, index):
+        return self.captured_queries[index]
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self.captured_queries)
+
+    @property
+    def captured_queries(self):
+        return self.connection.queries[self.initial_queries:self.final_queries]
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        self.use_debug_cursor = self.connection.use_debug_cursor
+        self.connection.use_debug_cursor = True
+        self.initial_queries = len(self.connection.queries)
+        self.final_queries = None
+        request_started.disconnect(reset_queries)
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
+        self.connection.use_debug_cursor = self.use_debug_cursor
+        request_started.connect(reset_queries)
+        if exc_type is not None:
+            return
+        self.final_queries = len(self.connection.queries)
+
+
+class IgnoreDeprecationWarningsMixin(object):
+
+    warning_class = DeprecationWarning
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super(IgnoreDeprecationWarningsMixin, self).setUp()
+        self.catch_warnings = warnings.catch_warnings()
+        self.catch_warnings.__enter__()
+        warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", category=self.warning_class)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.catch_warnings.__exit__(*sys.exc_info())
+        super(IgnoreDeprecationWarningsMixin, self).tearDown()
+
+
+class IgnorePendingDeprecationWarningsMixin(IgnoreDeprecationWarningsMixin):
+
+        warning_class = PendingDeprecationWarning
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def patch_logger(logger_name, log_level):
+    """
+    Context manager that takes a named logger and the logging level
+    and provides a simple mock-like list of messages received
+    """
+    calls = []
+    def replacement(msg):
+        calls.append(msg)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(logger_name)
+    orig = getattr(logger, log_level)
+    setattr(logger, log_level, replacement)
+    try:
+        yield calls
+    finally:
+        setattr(logger, log_level, orig)
+
+
+class TransRealMixin(object):
+    """This is the only way to reset the translation machinery. Otherwise
+    the test suite occasionally fails because of global state pollution
+    between tests."""
+    def flush_caches(self):
+        from django.utils.translation import trans_real
+        trans_real._translations = {}
+        trans_real._active = local()
+        trans_real._default = None
+        trans_real._accepted = {}
+        trans_real._checked_languages = {}
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.flush_caches()
+        super(TransRealMixin, self).tearDown()
+
+
+# On OSes that don't provide tzset (Windows), we can't set the timezone
+# in which the program runs. As a consequence, we must skip tests that
+# don't enforce a specific timezone (with timezone.override or equivalent),
+# or attempt to interpret naive datetimes in the default timezone.
+
+requires_tz_support = skipUnless(TZ_SUPPORT,
+        "This test relies on the ability to run a program in an arbitrary "
+        "time zone, but your operating system isn't able to do that.")