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diff --git a/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/tests/geoapp/tests.py b/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/tests/geoapp/tests.py
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+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import re
+
+from django.db import connection
+from django.contrib.gis import gdal
+from django.contrib.gis.geos import HAS_GEOS
+from django.contrib.gis.tests.utils import (
+    HAS_SPATIAL_DB, no_mysql, no_oracle, no_spatialite,
+    mysql, oracle, postgis, spatialite)
+from django.test import TestCase
+from django.utils import six, unittest
+from django.utils.unittest import skipUnless
+
+if HAS_GEOS:
+    from django.contrib.gis.geos import (fromstr, GEOSGeometry,
+        Point, LineString, LinearRing, Polygon, GeometryCollection)
+
+    from .models import Country, City, PennsylvaniaCity, State, Track
+
+if HAS_GEOS and not spatialite:
+    from .models import Feature, MinusOneSRID
+
+
+def postgis_bug_version():
+    spatial_version = getattr(connection.ops, "spatial_version", (0,0,0))
+    return spatial_version and (2, 0, 0) <= spatial_version <= (2, 0, 1)
+
+
+@skipUnless(HAS_GEOS and HAS_SPATIAL_DB, "Geos and spatial db are required.")
+class GeoModelTest(TestCase):
+
+    def test_fixtures(self):
+        "Testing geographic model initialization from fixtures."
+        # Ensuring that data was loaded from initial data fixtures.
+        self.assertEqual(2, Country.objects.count())
+        self.assertEqual(8, City.objects.count())
+        self.assertEqual(2, State.objects.count())
+
+    def test_proxy(self):
+        "Testing Lazy-Geometry support (using the GeometryProxy)."
+        ## Testing on a Point
+        pnt = Point(0, 0)
+        nullcity = City(name='NullCity', point=pnt)
+        nullcity.save()
+
+        # Making sure TypeError is thrown when trying to set with an
+        #  incompatible type.
+        for bad in [5, 2.0, LineString((0, 0), (1, 1))]:
+            try:
+                nullcity.point = bad
+            except TypeError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                self.fail('Should throw a TypeError')
+
+        # Now setting with a compatible GEOS Geometry, saving, and ensuring
+        #  the save took, notice no SRID is explicitly set.
+        new = Point(5, 23)
+        nullcity.point = new
+
+        # Ensuring that the SRID is automatically set to that of the
+        #  field after assignment, but before saving.
+        self.assertEqual(4326, nullcity.point.srid)
+        nullcity.save()
+
+        # Ensuring the point was saved correctly after saving
+        self.assertEqual(new, City.objects.get(name='NullCity').point)
+
+        # Setting the X and Y of the Point
+        nullcity.point.x = 23
+        nullcity.point.y = 5
+        # Checking assignments pre & post-save.
+        self.assertNotEqual(Point(23, 5), City.objects.get(name='NullCity').point)
+        nullcity.save()
+        self.assertEqual(Point(23, 5), City.objects.get(name='NullCity').point)
+        nullcity.delete()
+
+        ## Testing on a Polygon
+        shell = LinearRing((0, 0), (0, 100), (100, 100), (100, 0), (0, 0))
+        inner = LinearRing((40, 40), (40, 60), (60, 60), (60, 40), (40, 40))
+
+        # Creating a State object using a built Polygon
+        ply = Polygon(shell, inner)
+        nullstate = State(name='NullState', poly=ply)
+        self.assertEqual(4326, nullstate.poly.srid) # SRID auto-set from None
+        nullstate.save()
+
+        ns = State.objects.get(name='NullState')
+        self.assertEqual(ply, ns.poly)
+
+        # Testing the `ogr` and `srs` lazy-geometry properties.
+        if gdal.HAS_GDAL:
+            self.assertEqual(True, isinstance(ns.poly.ogr, gdal.OGRGeometry))
+            self.assertEqual(ns.poly.wkb, ns.poly.ogr.wkb)
+            self.assertEqual(True, isinstance(ns.poly.srs, gdal.SpatialReference))
+            self.assertEqual('WGS 84', ns.poly.srs.name)
+
+        # Changing the interior ring on the poly attribute.
+        new_inner = LinearRing((30, 30), (30, 70), (70, 70), (70, 30), (30, 30))
+        ns.poly[1] = new_inner
+        ply[1] = new_inner
+        self.assertEqual(4326, ns.poly.srid)
+        ns.save()
+        self.assertEqual(ply, State.objects.get(name='NullState').poly)
+        ns.delete()
+
+    @no_mysql
+    def test_lookup_insert_transform(self):
+        "Testing automatic transform for lookups and inserts."
+        # San Antonio in 'WGS84' (SRID 4326)
+        sa_4326 = 'POINT (-98.493183 29.424170)'
+        wgs_pnt = fromstr(sa_4326, srid=4326) # Our reference point in WGS84
+
+        # Oracle doesn't have SRID 3084, using 41157.
+        if oracle:
+            # San Antonio in 'Texas 4205, Southern Zone (1983, meters)' (SRID 41157)
+            # Used the following Oracle SQL to get this value:
+            #  SELECT SDO_UTIL.TO_WKTGEOMETRY(SDO_CS.TRANSFORM(SDO_GEOMETRY('POINT (-98.493183 29.424170)', 4326), 41157)) FROM DUAL;
+            nad_wkt  = 'POINT (300662.034646583 5416427.45974934)'
+            nad_srid = 41157
+        else:
+            # San Antonio in 'NAD83(HARN) / Texas Centric Lambert Conformal' (SRID 3084)
+            nad_wkt = 'POINT (1645978.362408288754523 6276356.025927528738976)' # Used ogr.py in gdal 1.4.1 for this transform
+            nad_srid = 3084
+
+        # Constructing & querying with a point from a different SRID. Oracle
+        # `SDO_OVERLAPBDYINTERSECT` operates differently from
+        # `ST_Intersects`, so contains is used instead.
+        nad_pnt = fromstr(nad_wkt, srid=nad_srid)
+        if oracle:
+            tx = Country.objects.get(mpoly__contains=nad_pnt)
+        else:
+            tx = Country.objects.get(mpoly__intersects=nad_pnt)
+        self.assertEqual('Texas', tx.name)
+
+        # Creating San Antonio.  Remember the Alamo.
+        sa = City.objects.create(name='San Antonio', point=nad_pnt)
+
+        # Now verifying that San Antonio was transformed correctly
+        sa = City.objects.get(name='San Antonio')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(wgs_pnt.x, sa.point.x, 6)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(wgs_pnt.y, sa.point.y, 6)
+
+        # If the GeometryField SRID is -1, then we shouldn't perform any
+        # transformation if the SRID of the input geometry is different.
+        # SpatiaLite does not support missing SRID values.
+        if not spatialite:
+            m1 = MinusOneSRID(geom=Point(17, 23, srid=4326))
+            m1.save()
+            self.assertEqual(-1, m1.geom.srid)
+
+    def test_createnull(self):
+        "Testing creating a model instance and the geometry being None"
+        c = City()
+        self.assertEqual(c.point, None)
+
+    @no_spatialite # SpatiaLite does not support abstract geometry columns
+    def test_geometryfield(self):
+        "Testing the general GeometryField."
+        Feature(name='Point', geom=Point(1, 1)).save()
+        Feature(name='LineString', geom=LineString((0, 0), (1, 1), (5, 5))).save()
+        Feature(name='Polygon', geom=Polygon(LinearRing((0, 0), (0, 5), (5, 5), (5, 0), (0, 0)))).save()
+        Feature(name='GeometryCollection',
+                geom=GeometryCollection(Point(2, 2), LineString((0, 0), (2, 2)),
+                                        Polygon(LinearRing((0, 0), (0, 5), (5, 5), (5, 0), (0, 0))))).save()
+
+        f_1 = Feature.objects.get(name='Point')
+        self.assertEqual(True, isinstance(f_1.geom, Point))
+        self.assertEqual((1.0, 1.0), f_1.geom.tuple)
+        f_2 = Feature.objects.get(name='LineString')
+        self.assertEqual(True, isinstance(f_2.geom, LineString))
+        self.assertEqual(((0.0, 0.0), (1.0, 1.0), (5.0, 5.0)), f_2.geom.tuple)
+
+        f_3 = Feature.objects.get(name='Polygon')
+        self.assertEqual(True, isinstance(f_3.geom, Polygon))
+        f_4 = Feature.objects.get(name='GeometryCollection')
+        self.assertEqual(True, isinstance(f_4.geom, GeometryCollection))
+        self.assertEqual(f_3.geom, f_4.geom[2])
+
+    @no_mysql
+    def test_inherited_geofields(self):
+        "Test GeoQuerySet methods on inherited Geometry fields."
+        # Creating a Pennsylvanian city.
+        mansfield = PennsylvaniaCity.objects.create(name='Mansfield', county='Tioga', point='POINT(-77.071445 41.823881)')
+
+        # All transformation SQL will need to be performed on the
+        # _parent_ table.
+        qs = PennsylvaniaCity.objects.transform(32128)
+
+        self.assertEqual(1, qs.count())
+        for pc in qs: self.assertEqual(32128, pc.point.srid)
+
+    def test_raw_sql_query(self):
+        "Testing raw SQL query."
+        cities1 = City.objects.all()
+        # Only PostGIS would support a 'select *' query because of its recognized
+        # HEXEWKB format for geometry fields
+        as_text = 'ST_AsText' if postgis else 'asText'
+        cities2 = City.objects.raw('select id, name, %s(point) from geoapp_city' % as_text)
+        self.assertEqual(len(cities1), len(list(cities2)))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(cities2[0].point, Point))
+
+
+@skipUnless(HAS_GEOS and HAS_SPATIAL_DB, "Geos and spatial db are required.")
+class GeoLookupTest(TestCase):
+
+    @no_mysql
+    def test_disjoint_lookup(self):
+        "Testing the `disjoint` lookup type."
+        ptown = City.objects.get(name='Pueblo')
+        qs1 = City.objects.filter(point__disjoint=ptown.point)
+        self.assertEqual(7, qs1.count())
+
+        qs2 = State.objects.filter(poly__disjoint=ptown.point)
+        self.assertEqual(1, qs2.count())
+        self.assertEqual('Kansas', qs2[0].name)
+
+    def test_contains_contained_lookups(self):
+        "Testing the 'contained', 'contains', and 'bbcontains' lookup types."
+        # Getting Texas, yes we were a country -- once ;)
+        texas = Country.objects.get(name='Texas')
+
+        # Seeing what cities are in Texas, should get Houston and Dallas,
+        #  and Oklahoma City because 'contained' only checks on the
+        #  _bounding box_ of the Geometries.
+        if not oracle:
+            qs = City.objects.filter(point__contained=texas.mpoly)
+            self.assertEqual(3, qs.count())
+            cities = ['Houston', 'Dallas', 'Oklahoma City']
+            for c in qs: self.assertEqual(True, c.name in cities)
+
+        # Pulling out some cities.
+        houston = City.objects.get(name='Houston')
+        wellington = City.objects.get(name='Wellington')
+        pueblo = City.objects.get(name='Pueblo')
+        okcity = City.objects.get(name='Oklahoma City')
+        lawrence = City.objects.get(name='Lawrence')
+
+        # Now testing contains on the countries using the points for
+        #  Houston and Wellington.
+        tx = Country.objects.get(mpoly__contains=houston.point) # Query w/GEOSGeometry
+        nz = Country.objects.get(mpoly__contains=wellington.point.hex) # Query w/EWKBHEX
+        self.assertEqual('Texas', tx.name)
+        self.assertEqual('New Zealand', nz.name)
+
+        # Spatialite 2.3 thinks that Lawrence is in Puerto Rico (a NULL geometry).
+        if not spatialite:
+            ks = State.objects.get(poly__contains=lawrence.point)
+            self.assertEqual('Kansas', ks.name)
+
+        # Pueblo and Oklahoma City (even though OK City is within the bounding box of Texas)
+        # are not contained in Texas or New Zealand.
+        self.assertEqual(0, len(Country.objects.filter(mpoly__contains=pueblo.point))) # Query w/GEOSGeometry object
+        self.assertEqual((mysql and 1) or 0,
+                         len(Country.objects.filter(mpoly__contains=okcity.point.wkt))) # Qeury w/WKT
+
+        # OK City is contained w/in bounding box of Texas.
+        if not oracle:
+            qs = Country.objects.filter(mpoly__bbcontains=okcity.point)
+            self.assertEqual(1, len(qs))
+            self.assertEqual('Texas', qs[0].name)
+
+    # Only PostGIS has `left` and `right` lookup types.
+    @no_mysql
+    @no_oracle
+    @no_spatialite
+    def test_left_right_lookups(self):
+        "Testing the 'left' and 'right' lookup types."
+        # Left: A << B => true if xmax(A) < xmin(B)
+        # Right: A >> B => true if xmin(A) > xmax(B)
+        # See: BOX2D_left() and BOX2D_right() in lwgeom_box2dfloat4.c in PostGIS source.
+
+        # Getting the borders for Colorado & Kansas
+        co_border = State.objects.get(name='Colorado').poly
+        ks_border = State.objects.get(name='Kansas').poly
+
+        # Note: Wellington has an 'X' value of 174, so it will not be considered
+        # to the left of CO.
+
+        # These cities should be strictly to the right of the CO border.
+        cities = ['Houston', 'Dallas', 'Oklahoma City',
+                  'Lawrence', 'Chicago', 'Wellington']
+        qs = City.objects.filter(point__right=co_border)
+        self.assertEqual(6, len(qs))
+        for c in qs: self.assertEqual(True, c.name in cities)
+
+        # These cities should be strictly to the right of the KS border.
+        cities = ['Chicago', 'Wellington']
+        qs = City.objects.filter(point__right=ks_border)
+        self.assertEqual(2, len(qs))
+        for c in qs: self.assertEqual(True, c.name in cities)
+
+        # Note: Wellington has an 'X' value of 174, so it will not be considered
+        #  to the left of CO.
+        vic = City.objects.get(point__left=co_border)
+        self.assertEqual('Victoria', vic.name)
+
+        cities = ['Pueblo', 'Victoria']
+        qs = City.objects.filter(point__left=ks_border)
+        self.assertEqual(2, len(qs))
+        for c in qs: self.assertEqual(True, c.name in cities)
+
+    # The left/right lookup tests are known failures on PostGIS 2.0/2.0.1
+    # http://trac.osgeo.org/postgis/ticket/2035
+    if postgis_bug_version():
+        test_left_right_lookups = unittest.expectedFailure(test_left_right_lookups)
+
+    def test_equals_lookups(self):
+        "Testing the 'same_as' and 'equals' lookup types."
+        pnt = fromstr('POINT (-95.363151 29.763374)', srid=4326)
+        c1 = City.objects.get(point=pnt)
+        c2 = City.objects.get(point__same_as=pnt)
+        c3 = City.objects.get(point__equals=pnt)
+        for c in [c1, c2, c3]: self.assertEqual('Houston', c.name)
+
+    @no_mysql
+    def test_null_geometries(self):
+        "Testing NULL geometry support, and the `isnull` lookup type."
+        # Creating a state with a NULL boundary.
+        State.objects.create(name='Puerto Rico')
+
+        # Querying for both NULL and Non-NULL values.
+        nullqs = State.objects.filter(poly__isnull=True)
+        validqs = State.objects.filter(poly__isnull=False)
+
+        # Puerto Rico should be NULL (it's a commonwealth unincorporated territory)
+        self.assertEqual(1, len(nullqs))
+        self.assertEqual('Puerto Rico', nullqs[0].name)
+
+        # The valid states should be Colorado & Kansas
+        self.assertEqual(2, len(validqs))
+        state_names = [s.name for s in validqs]
+        self.assertEqual(True, 'Colorado' in state_names)
+        self.assertEqual(True, 'Kansas' in state_names)
+
+        # Saving another commonwealth w/a NULL geometry.
+        nmi = State.objects.create(name='Northern Mariana Islands', poly=None)
+        self.assertEqual(nmi.poly, None)
+
+        # Assigning a geomery and saving -- then UPDATE back to NULL.
+        nmi.poly = 'POLYGON((0 0,1 0,1 1,1 0,0 0))'
+        nmi.save()
+        State.objects.filter(name='Northern Mariana Islands').update(poly=None)
+        self.assertEqual(None, State.objects.get(name='Northern Mariana Islands').poly)
+
+    @no_mysql
+    def test_relate_lookup(self):
+        "Testing the 'relate' lookup type."
+        # To make things more interesting, we will have our Texas reference point in
+        # different SRIDs.
+        pnt1 = fromstr('POINT (649287.0363174 4177429.4494686)', srid=2847)
+        pnt2 = fromstr('POINT(-98.4919715741052 29.4333344025053)', srid=4326)
+
+        # Not passing in a geometry as first param shoud
+        # raise a type error when initializing the GeoQuerySet
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, Country.objects.filter, mpoly__relate=(23, 'foo'))
+
+        # Making sure the right exception is raised for the given
+        # bad arguments.
+        for bad_args, e in [((pnt1, 0), ValueError), ((pnt2, 'T*T***FF*', 0), ValueError)]:
+            qs = Country.objects.filter(mpoly__relate=bad_args)
+            self.assertRaises(e, qs.count)
+
+        # Relate works differently for the different backends.
+        if postgis or spatialite:
+            contains_mask = 'T*T***FF*'
+            within_mask = 'T*F**F***'
+            intersects_mask = 'T********'
+        elif oracle:
+            contains_mask = 'contains'
+            within_mask = 'inside'
+            # TODO: This is not quite the same as the PostGIS mask above
+            intersects_mask = 'overlapbdyintersect'
+
+        # Testing contains relation mask.
+        self.assertEqual('Texas', Country.objects.get(mpoly__relate=(pnt1, contains_mask)).name)
+        self.assertEqual('Texas', Country.objects.get(mpoly__relate=(pnt2, contains_mask)).name)
+
+        # Testing within relation mask.
+        ks = State.objects.get(name='Kansas')
+        self.assertEqual('Lawrence', City.objects.get(point__relate=(ks.poly, within_mask)).name)
+
+        # Testing intersection relation mask.
+        if not oracle:
+            self.assertEqual('Texas', Country.objects.get(mpoly__relate=(pnt1, intersects_mask)).name)
+            self.assertEqual('Texas', Country.objects.get(mpoly__relate=(pnt2, intersects_mask)).name)
+            self.assertEqual('Lawrence', City.objects.get(point__relate=(ks.poly, intersects_mask)).name)
+
+
+@skipUnless(HAS_GEOS and HAS_SPATIAL_DB, "Geos and spatial db are required.")
+class GeoQuerySetTest(TestCase):
+    # Please keep the tests in GeoQuerySet method's alphabetic order
+
+    @no_mysql
+    def test_centroid(self):
+        "Testing the `centroid` GeoQuerySet method."
+        qs = State.objects.exclude(poly__isnull=True).centroid()
+        if oracle:
+            tol = 0.1
+        elif spatialite:
+            tol = 0.000001
+        else:
+            tol = 0.000000001
+        for s in qs:
+            self.assertEqual(True, s.poly.centroid.equals_exact(s.centroid, tol))
+
+    @no_mysql
+    def test_diff_intersection_union(self):
+        "Testing the `difference`, `intersection`, `sym_difference`, and `union` GeoQuerySet methods."
+        geom = Point(5, 23)
+        tol = 1
+        qs = Country.objects.all().difference(geom).sym_difference(geom).union(geom)
+
+        # XXX For some reason SpatiaLite does something screwey with the Texas geometry here.  Also,
+        # XXX it doesn't like the null intersection.
+        if spatialite:
+            qs = qs.exclude(name='Texas')
+        else:
+            qs = qs.intersection(geom)
+
+        for c in qs:
+            if oracle:
+                # Should be able to execute the queries; however, they won't be the same
+                # as GEOS (because Oracle doesn't use GEOS internally like PostGIS or
+                # SpatiaLite).
+                pass
+            else:
+                self.assertEqual(c.mpoly.difference(geom), c.difference)
+                if not spatialite:
+                    self.assertEqual(c.mpoly.intersection(geom), c.intersection)
+                self.assertEqual(c.mpoly.sym_difference(geom), c.sym_difference)
+                self.assertEqual(c.mpoly.union(geom), c.union)
+
+    @no_mysql
+    @no_spatialite # SpatiaLite does not have an Extent function
+    def test_extent(self):
+        "Testing the `extent` GeoQuerySet method."
+        # Reference query:
+        # `SELECT ST_extent(point) FROM geoapp_city WHERE (name='Houston' or name='Dallas');`
+        #   =>  BOX(-96.8016128540039 29.7633724212646,-95.3631439208984 32.7820587158203)
+        expected = (-96.8016128540039, 29.7633724212646, -95.3631439208984, 32.782058715820)
+
+        qs = City.objects.filter(name__in=('Houston', 'Dallas'))
+        extent = qs.extent()
+
+        for val, exp in zip(extent, expected):
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(exp, val, 4)
+
+    @no_mysql
+    @no_oracle
+    @no_spatialite
+    def test_force_rhr(self):
+        "Testing GeoQuerySet.force_rhr()."
+        rings = ( ( (0, 0), (5, 0), (0, 5), (0, 0) ),
+                  ( (1, 1), (1, 3), (3, 1), (1, 1) ),
+                  )
+        rhr_rings = ( ( (0, 0), (0, 5), (5, 0), (0, 0) ),
+                      ( (1, 1), (3, 1), (1, 3), (1, 1) ),
+                      )
+        State.objects.create(name='Foo', poly=Polygon(*rings))
+        s = State.objects.force_rhr().get(name='Foo')
+        self.assertEqual(rhr_rings, s.force_rhr.coords)
+
+    @no_mysql
+    @no_oracle
+    @no_spatialite
+    def test_geohash(self):
+        "Testing GeoQuerySet.geohash()."
+        if not connection.ops.geohash: return
+        # Reference query:
+        # SELECT ST_GeoHash(point) FROM geoapp_city WHERE name='Houston';
+        # SELECT ST_GeoHash(point, 5) FROM geoapp_city WHERE name='Houston';
+        ref_hash = '9vk1mfq8jx0c8e0386z6'
+        h1 = City.objects.geohash().get(name='Houston')
+        h2 = City.objects.geohash(precision=5).get(name='Houston')
+        self.assertEqual(ref_hash, h1.geohash)
+        self.assertEqual(ref_hash[:5], h2.geohash)
+
+    def test_geojson(self):
+        "Testing GeoJSON output from the database using GeoQuerySet.geojson()."
+        # Only PostGIS 1.3.4+ and SpatiaLite 3.0+ support GeoJSON.
+        if not connection.ops.geojson:
+            self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, Country.objects.all().geojson, field_name='mpoly')
+            return
+
+        pueblo_json = '{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-104.609252,38.255001]}'
+        houston_json = '{"type":"Point","crs":{"type":"name","properties":{"name":"EPSG:4326"}},"coordinates":[-95.363151,29.763374]}'
+        victoria_json = '{"type":"Point","bbox":[-123.30519600,48.46261100,-123.30519600,48.46261100],"coordinates":[-123.305196,48.462611]}'
+        chicago_json = '{"type":"Point","crs":{"type":"name","properties":{"name":"EPSG:4326"}},"bbox":[-87.65018,41.85039,-87.65018,41.85039],"coordinates":[-87.65018,41.85039]}'
+        if postgis and connection.ops.spatial_version < (1, 4, 0):
+            pueblo_json = '{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-104.60925200,38.25500100]}'
+            houston_json = '{"type":"Point","crs":{"type":"EPSG","properties":{"EPSG":4326}},"coordinates":[-95.36315100,29.76337400]}'
+            victoria_json = '{"type":"Point","bbox":[-123.30519600,48.46261100,-123.30519600,48.46261100],"coordinates":[-123.30519600,48.46261100]}'
+        elif spatialite:
+            victoria_json = '{"type":"Point","bbox":[-123.305196,48.462611,-123.305196,48.462611],"coordinates":[-123.305196,48.462611]}'
+
+        # Precision argument should only be an integer
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, City.objects.geojson, precision='foo')
+
+        # Reference queries and values.
+        # SELECT ST_AsGeoJson("geoapp_city"."point", 8, 0) FROM "geoapp_city" WHERE "geoapp_city"."name" = 'Pueblo';
+        self.assertEqual(pueblo_json, City.objects.geojson().get(name='Pueblo').geojson)
+
+        # 1.3.x: SELECT ST_AsGeoJson("geoapp_city"."point", 8, 1) FROM "geoapp_city" WHERE "geoapp_city"."name" = 'Houston';
+        # 1.4.x: SELECT ST_AsGeoJson("geoapp_city"."point", 8, 2) FROM "geoapp_city" WHERE "geoapp_city"."name" = 'Houston';
+        # This time we want to include the CRS by using the `crs` keyword.
+        self.assertEqual(houston_json, City.objects.geojson(crs=True, model_att='json').get(name='Houston').json)
+
+        # 1.3.x: SELECT ST_AsGeoJson("geoapp_city"."point", 8, 2) FROM "geoapp_city" WHERE "geoapp_city"."name" = 'Victoria';
+        # 1.4.x: SELECT ST_AsGeoJson("geoapp_city"."point", 8, 1) FROM "geoapp_city" WHERE "geoapp_city"."name" = 'Houston';
+        # This time we include the bounding box by using the `bbox` keyword.
+        self.assertEqual(victoria_json, City.objects.geojson(bbox=True).get(name='Victoria').geojson)
+
+        # 1.(3|4).x: SELECT ST_AsGeoJson("geoapp_city"."point", 5, 3) FROM "geoapp_city" WHERE "geoapp_city"."name" = 'Chicago';
+        # Finally, we set every available keyword.
+        self.assertEqual(chicago_json, City.objects.geojson(bbox=True, crs=True, precision=5).get(name='Chicago').geojson)
+
+    def test_gml(self):
+        "Testing GML output from the database using GeoQuerySet.gml()."
+        if mysql or (spatialite and not connection.ops.gml) :
+            self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, Country.objects.all().gml, field_name='mpoly')
+            return
+
+        # Should throw a TypeError when tyring to obtain GML from a
+        # non-geometry field.
+        qs = City.objects.all()
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, qs.gml, field_name='name')
+        ptown1 = City.objects.gml(field_name='point', precision=9).get(name='Pueblo')
+        ptown2 = City.objects.gml(precision=9).get(name='Pueblo')
+
+        if oracle:
+            # No precision parameter for Oracle :-/
+            gml_regex = re.compile(r'^<gml:Point srsName="SDO:4326" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml"><gml:coordinates decimal="\." cs="," ts=" ">-104.60925\d+,38.25500\d+ </gml:coordinates></gml:Point>')
+        elif spatialite and connection.ops.spatial_version < (3, 0, 0):
+            # Spatialite before 3.0 has extra colon in SrsName
+            gml_regex = re.compile(r'^<gml:Point SrsName="EPSG::4326"><gml:coordinates decimal="\." cs="," ts=" ">-104.609251\d+,38.255001</gml:coordinates></gml:Point>')
+        else:
+            gml_regex = re.compile(r'^<gml:Point srsName="EPSG:4326"><gml:coordinates>-104\.60925\d+,38\.255001</gml:coordinates></gml:Point>')
+
+        for ptown in [ptown1, ptown2]:
+            self.assertTrue(gml_regex.match(ptown.gml))
+
+        # PostGIS < 1.5 doesn't include dimension im GMLv3 output.
+        if postgis and connection.ops.spatial_version >= (1, 5, 0):
+            self.assertIn('<gml:pos srsDimension="2">',
+                          City.objects.gml(version=3).get(name='Pueblo').gml)
+
+    def test_kml(self):
+        "Testing KML output from the database using GeoQuerySet.kml()."
+        # Only PostGIS and Spatialite (>=2.4.0-RC4) support KML serialization
+        if not (postgis or (spatialite and connection.ops.kml)):
+            self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, State.objects.all().kml, field_name='poly')
+            return
+
+        # Should throw a TypeError when trying to obtain KML from a
+        #  non-geometry field.
+        qs = City.objects.all()
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, qs.kml, 'name')
+
+        # The reference KML depends on the version of PostGIS used
+        # (the output stopped including altitude in 1.3.3).
+        if connection.ops.spatial_version >= (1, 3, 3):
+            ref_kml =  '<Point><coordinates>-104.609252,38.255001</coordinates></Point>'
+        else:
+            ref_kml = '<Point><coordinates>-104.609252,38.255001,0</coordinates></Point>'
+
+        # Ensuring the KML is as expected.
+        ptown1 = City.objects.kml(field_name='point', precision=9).get(name='Pueblo')
+        ptown2 = City.objects.kml(precision=9).get(name='Pueblo')
+        for ptown in [ptown1, ptown2]:
+            self.assertEqual(ref_kml, ptown.kml)
+
+    # Only PostGIS has support for the MakeLine aggregate.
+    @no_mysql
+    @no_oracle
+    @no_spatialite
+    def test_make_line(self):
+        "Testing the `make_line` GeoQuerySet method."
+        # Ensuring that a `TypeError` is raised on models without PointFields.
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, State.objects.make_line)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, Country.objects.make_line)
+        # Reference query:
+        # SELECT AsText(ST_MakeLine(geoapp_city.point)) FROM geoapp_city;
+        ref_line = GEOSGeometry('LINESTRING(-95.363151 29.763374,-96.801611 32.782057,-97.521157 34.464642,174.783117 -41.315268,-104.609252 38.255001,-95.23506 38.971823,-87.650175 41.850385,-123.305196 48.462611)', srid=4326)
+        self.assertEqual(ref_line, City.objects.make_line())
+
+    @no_mysql
+    def test_num_geom(self):
+        "Testing the `num_geom` GeoQuerySet method."
+        # Both 'countries' only have two geometries.
+        for c in Country.objects.num_geom():
+            self.assertEqual(2, c.num_geom)
+
+        for c in City.objects.filter(point__isnull=False).num_geom():
+            # Oracle and PostGIS 2.0+ will return 1 for the number of
+            # geometries on non-collections, whereas PostGIS < 2.0.0
+            # will return None.
+            if postgis and connection.ops.spatial_version < (2, 0, 0):
+                self.assertIsNone(c.num_geom)
+            else:
+                self.assertEqual(1, c.num_geom)
+
+    @no_mysql
+    @no_spatialite # SpatiaLite can only count vertices in LineStrings
+    def test_num_points(self):
+        "Testing the `num_points` GeoQuerySet method."
+        for c in Country.objects.num_points():
+            self.assertEqual(c.mpoly.num_points, c.num_points)
+
+        if not oracle:
+            # Oracle cannot count vertices in Point geometries.
+            for c in City.objects.num_points(): self.assertEqual(1, c.num_points)
+
+    @no_mysql
+    def test_point_on_surface(self):
+        "Testing the `point_on_surface` GeoQuerySet method."
+        # Reference values.
+        if oracle:
+            # SELECT SDO_UTIL.TO_WKTGEOMETRY(SDO_GEOM.SDO_POINTONSURFACE(GEOAPP_COUNTRY.MPOLY, 0.05)) FROM GEOAPP_COUNTRY;
+            ref = {'New Zealand' : fromstr('POINT (174.616364 -36.100861)', srid=4326),
+                   'Texas' : fromstr('POINT (-103.002434 36.500397)', srid=4326),
+                   }
+
+        elif postgis or spatialite:
+            # Using GEOSGeometry to compute the reference point on surface values
+            # -- since PostGIS also uses GEOS these should be the same.
+            ref = {'New Zealand' : Country.objects.get(name='New Zealand').mpoly.point_on_surface,
+                   'Texas' : Country.objects.get(name='Texas').mpoly.point_on_surface
+                   }
+
+        for c in Country.objects.point_on_surface():
+            if spatialite:
+                # XXX This seems to be a WKT-translation-related precision issue?
+                tol = 0.00001
+            else:
+                tol = 0.000000001
+            self.assertEqual(True, ref[c.name].equals_exact(c.point_on_surface, tol))
+
+    @no_mysql
+    @no_spatialite
+    def test_reverse_geom(self):
+        "Testing GeoQuerySet.reverse_geom()."
+        coords = [ (-95.363151, 29.763374), (-95.448601, 29.713803) ]
+        Track.objects.create(name='Foo', line=LineString(coords))
+        t = Track.objects.reverse_geom().get(name='Foo')
+        coords.reverse()
+        self.assertEqual(tuple(coords), t.reverse_geom.coords)
+        if oracle:
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, State.objects.reverse_geom)
+
+    @no_mysql
+    @no_oracle
+    def test_scale(self):
+        "Testing the `scale` GeoQuerySet method."
+        xfac, yfac = 2, 3
+        tol = 5 # XXX The low precision tolerance is for SpatiaLite
+        qs = Country.objects.scale(xfac, yfac, model_att='scaled')
+        for c in qs:
+            for p1, p2 in zip(c.mpoly, c.scaled):
+                for r1, r2 in zip(p1, p2):
+                    for c1, c2 in zip(r1.coords, r2.coords):
+                        self.assertAlmostEqual(c1[0] * xfac, c2[0], tol)
+                        self.assertAlmostEqual(c1[1] * yfac, c2[1], tol)
+
+    @no_mysql
+    @no_oracle
+    @no_spatialite
+    def test_snap_to_grid(self):
+        "Testing GeoQuerySet.snap_to_grid()."
+        # Let's try and break snap_to_grid() with bad combinations of arguments.
+        for bad_args in ((), range(3), range(5)):
+            self.assertRaises(ValueError, Country.objects.snap_to_grid, *bad_args)
+        for bad_args in (('1.0',), (1.0, None), tuple(map(six.text_type, range(4)))):
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, Country.objects.snap_to_grid, *bad_args)
+
+        # Boundary for San Marino, courtesy of Bjorn Sandvik of thematicmapping.org
+        # from the world borders dataset he provides.
+        wkt = ('MULTIPOLYGON(((12.41580 43.95795,12.45055 43.97972,12.45389 43.98167,'
+               '12.46250 43.98472,12.47167 43.98694,12.49278 43.98917,'
+               '12.50555 43.98861,12.51000 43.98694,12.51028 43.98277,'
+               '12.51167 43.94333,12.51056 43.93916,12.49639 43.92333,'
+               '12.49500 43.91472,12.48778 43.90583,12.47444 43.89722,'
+               '12.46472 43.89555,12.45917 43.89611,12.41639 43.90472,'
+               '12.41222 43.90610,12.40782 43.91366,12.40389 43.92667,'
+               '12.40500 43.94833,12.40889 43.95499,12.41580 43.95795)))')
+        sm = Country.objects.create(name='San Marino', mpoly=fromstr(wkt))
+
+        # Because floating-point arithmetic isn't exact, we set a tolerance
+        # to pass into GEOS `equals_exact`.
+        tol = 0.000000001
+
+        # SELECT AsText(ST_SnapToGrid("geoapp_country"."mpoly", 0.1)) FROM "geoapp_country" WHERE "geoapp_country"."name" = 'San Marino';
+        ref = fromstr('MULTIPOLYGON(((12.4 44,12.5 44,12.5 43.9,12.4 43.9,12.4 44)))')
+        self.assertTrue(ref.equals_exact(Country.objects.snap_to_grid(0.1).get(name='San Marino').snap_to_grid, tol))
+
+        # SELECT AsText(ST_SnapToGrid("geoapp_country"."mpoly", 0.05, 0.23)) FROM "geoapp_country" WHERE "geoapp_country"."name" = 'San Marino';
+        ref = fromstr('MULTIPOLYGON(((12.4 43.93,12.45 43.93,12.5 43.93,12.45 43.93,12.4 43.93)))')
+        self.assertTrue(ref.equals_exact(Country.objects.snap_to_grid(0.05, 0.23).get(name='San Marino').snap_to_grid, tol))
+
+        # SELECT AsText(ST_SnapToGrid("geoapp_country"."mpoly", 0.5, 0.17, 0.05, 0.23)) FROM "geoapp_country" WHERE "geoapp_country"."name" = 'San Marino';
+        ref = fromstr('MULTIPOLYGON(((12.4 43.87,12.45 43.87,12.45 44.1,12.5 44.1,12.5 43.87,12.45 43.87,12.4 43.87)))')
+        self.assertTrue(ref.equals_exact(Country.objects.snap_to_grid(0.05, 0.23, 0.5, 0.17).get(name='San Marino').snap_to_grid, tol))
+
+    def test_svg(self):
+        "Testing SVG output using GeoQuerySet.svg()."
+        if mysql or oracle:
+            self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, City.objects.svg)
+            return
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, City.objects.svg, precision='foo')
+        # SELECT AsSVG(geoapp_city.point, 0, 8) FROM geoapp_city WHERE name = 'Pueblo';
+        svg1 = 'cx="-104.609252" cy="-38.255001"'
+        # Even though relative, only one point so it's practically the same except for
+        # the 'c' letter prefix on the x,y values.
+        svg2 = svg1.replace('c', '')
+        self.assertEqual(svg1, City.objects.svg().get(name='Pueblo').svg)
+        self.assertEqual(svg2, City.objects.svg(relative=5).get(name='Pueblo').svg)
+
+    @no_mysql
+    def test_transform(self):
+        "Testing the transform() GeoQuerySet method."
+        # Pre-transformed points for Houston and Pueblo.
+        htown = fromstr('POINT(1947516.83115183 6322297.06040572)', srid=3084)
+        ptown = fromstr('POINT(992363.390841912 481455.395105533)', srid=2774)
+        prec = 3 # Precision is low due to version variations in PROJ and GDAL.
+
+        # Asserting the result of the transform operation with the values in
+        #  the pre-transformed points.  Oracle does not have the 3084 SRID.
+        if not oracle:
+            h = City.objects.transform(htown.srid).get(name='Houston')
+            self.assertEqual(3084, h.point.srid)
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(htown.x, h.point.x, prec)
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(htown.y, h.point.y, prec)
+
+        p1 = City.objects.transform(ptown.srid, field_name='point').get(name='Pueblo')
+        p2 = City.objects.transform(srid=ptown.srid).get(name='Pueblo')
+        for p in [p1, p2]:
+            self.assertEqual(2774, p.point.srid)
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(ptown.x, p.point.x, prec)
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(ptown.y, p.point.y, prec)
+
+    @no_mysql
+    @no_oracle
+    def test_translate(self):
+        "Testing the `translate` GeoQuerySet method."
+        xfac, yfac = 5, -23
+        qs = Country.objects.translate(xfac, yfac, model_att='translated')
+        for c in qs:
+            for p1, p2 in zip(c.mpoly, c.translated):
+                for r1, r2 in zip(p1, p2):
+                    for c1, c2 in zip(r1.coords, r2.coords):
+                        # XXX The low precision is for SpatiaLite
+                        self.assertAlmostEqual(c1[0] + xfac, c2[0], 5)
+                        self.assertAlmostEqual(c1[1] + yfac, c2[1], 5)
+
+    @no_mysql
+    def test_unionagg(self):
+        "Testing the `unionagg` (aggregate union) GeoQuerySet method."
+        tx = Country.objects.get(name='Texas').mpoly
+        # Houston, Dallas -- Oracle has different order.
+        union1 = fromstr('MULTIPOINT(-96.801611 32.782057,-95.363151 29.763374)')
+        union2 = fromstr('MULTIPOINT(-96.801611 32.782057,-95.363151 29.763374)')
+        qs = City.objects.filter(point__within=tx)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, qs.unionagg, 'name')
+        # Using `field_name` keyword argument in one query and specifying an
+        # order in the other (which should not be used because this is
+        # an aggregate method on a spatial column)
+        u1 = qs.unionagg(field_name='point')
+        u2 = qs.order_by('name').unionagg()
+        tol = 0.00001
+        if oracle:
+            union = union2
+        else:
+            union = union1
+        self.assertEqual(True, union.equals_exact(u1, tol))
+        self.assertEqual(True, union.equals_exact(u2, tol))
+        qs = City.objects.filter(name='NotACity')
+        self.assertEqual(None, qs.unionagg(field_name='point'))
+
+    def test_non_concrete_field(self):
+        pkfield = City._meta.get_field_by_name('id')[0]
+        orig_pkfield_col = pkfield.column
+        pkfield.column = None
+        try:
+            list(City.objects.all())
+        finally:
+            pkfield.column = orig_pkfield_col