path: root/Thermodynamics:_From_concepts_to_applications/Chapter9_1.ipynb

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  {
   "cells": [
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 1,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Chapter9-Applications of the second law of thermodynamics"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example1-pg 152"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import math\n",
      "#calculate final temperatures and total entropy\n",
      "##changeinitialisation of variables\n",
      "p1= 3.##changeMpa\n",
      "p2= 0.2 ##changeMpa\n",
      "V1= 0.6 ##changem^3\n",
      "V2= 1.##changem^3\n",
      "M= 28. ##changegms\n",
      "R= 8.314 ##changeJ/mol K\n",
      "T= 400. ##changeC\n",
      "T1= 150. ##changeC\n",
      "k= 1.4\n",
      "p3= 1.25 ##changeMpa\n",
      "##changeCALCULATIONS\n",
      "m1= p1*V1*10*10*10*M/(R*(273.15+T))\n",
      "m2= p2*V2*10*10*10*M/(R*(273.15+T1))\n",
      "p4= (p1*V1+p2*V2)/(V1+V2)\n",
      "T2= (math.pow(p4/p1,k-1)/k)*(273.15+T)\n",
      "m3= p3*V1*M*10*10*10/(R*T2)\n",
      "dm= m1-m3\n",
      "m4= m2+dm\n",
      "T4= p3*10*10*10*V2/((R/M)*m4)\n",
      "S= (R/M)*(m2*((k/(k-1))*math.log(T4/(273.15+T1))-math.log(p3/p2))+dm*((k/(k-1))*math.log(T4/(273.15+T))-math.log(p3/p1)))\n",
      "##changeRESULTS\n",
      "print'%s %.1f %s'%('final temperature =',T2,'K')\n",
      "print'%s %.1f %s'%('final temperature =',T4,'K')\n",
      "print'%s %.4f %s'%('Total entropy =',S,'KJ/K')\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "final temperature = 338.8 K\n",
        "final temperature = 1340.2 K\n",
        "Total entropy = 2.5525 KJ/K\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 10
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example2-pg156"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import math\n",
      "#calculate work of the pump\n",
      "##initialisation of variables\n",
      "m= 10000 ##kg/h\n",
      "P= 2.5 ##Mpa\n",
      "P1= 100 ##kPa\n",
      "v= 0.001003 ##m^3\n",
      "##CALCULATIONS\n",
      "W= -m*v*(P*10*10*10-P1)/3600\n",
      "##RESULTS\n",
      "print'%s %.3f %s'%(' work of the pump =',W,'kW')\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        " work of the pump = -6.687 kW\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 9
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example3-pg 158"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import math\n",
      "##initialisation of variables\n",
      "m= 4. ##kg/s\n",
      "R= 8.314 ##J/mol K\n",
      "M= 29. ##gms\n",
      "k= 1.4\n",
      "T1= 27. ##C\n",
      "p2= 1800. ##kPa\n",
      "p1= 105. ##kPa\n",
      "n= 1.22\n",
      "cp= 1.4 ##Jmol K\n",
      "##CALCULATIONS\n",
      "T2= (273.15+T1)*(p2/p1)**((n-1)/n)\n",
      "W= m*k*(R/M)*((273.15+T1)/(k-1))*(1-(p2/p1)**((k-1)/k))\n",
      "Q= -m*R*(273.15+T1)*math.log(p2/p1)/M\n",
      "W1= m*(R/M)*n*((273.15+T1)/(n-1))*(1-(p2/p1)**((n-1)/n))\n",
      "Q1= m*(R/M)*(n-k)*(T2-T1-273.15)/((n-1)*(k-1))\n",
      "T3= (273.15+T1)*(p2/p1)**((k-1)/(2*k))\n",
      "Q2= m*cp*(R/M)*(T1+273.15-T3)/(k-1)\n",
      "##RESULTS\n",
      "print'%s %.1f %s'%('heat removed in adiabatic compression =',W,'kW')\n",
      "print'%s %.1f %s'%('heat removed in isothermal compression =',Q,'kW')\n",
      "print'%s %.1f %s'%('heat removed in polytropic process =',Q1,'kW')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('heat removed in adiabatic compression in two stages =',Q2,'kW')\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "heat removed in adiabatic compression = -1508.5 kW\n",
        "heat removed in isothermal compression = -978.1 kW\n",
        "heat removed in polytropic process = -471.2 kW\n",
        "heat removed in adiabatic compression in two stages = -603.21 kW\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 8
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example4-pg 161"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import math\n",
      "#calculate enthalpy and entropy\n",
      "##initialisation of variables\n",
      "h1= 3422.25 ##kJ/kg\n",
      "m= 8. ##kg/s\n",
      "s2= 7.3755 ##kJ/kg K\n",
      "s1= 6.8803 ##kJ/kg K\n",
      "e= 0.8\n",
      "h2s= 2496.8 ##kJ/kg\n",
      "##CALCULATIONS\n",
      "h2= h1+e*(h2s-h1)\n",
      "W= m*(h1-h2)\n",
      "S= s2-s1\n",
      "##RESULTS\n",
      "print'%s %.1f %s'%('Enthalpy  =',W,'kW')\n",
      "print'%s %.4f %s'% ('Entropy =',S,'kJ/kg K')\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Enthalpy  = 5922.9 kW\n",
        "Entropy = 0.4952 kJ/kg K\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 7
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example5-pg162"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import math\n",
      "calculate volume flow rate into composser and volume flow rate out composser and heat and work \n",
      "##initialisation of variables\n",
      "m= 0.2 ##kg/s\n",
      "v1= 1.0803 ##m^3/kg\n",
      "T= 200 ##C\n",
      "s2= 5.8041 ##kJ/kg K\n",
      "s1= 7.5066 ##kJ/kg K\n",
      "h1= 2328.1 ##kJ/kg\n",
      "h2= 2654.4 ##kJ/kg\n",
      "##CALCULATIONS\n",
      "V1= m*v1\n",
      "V2= 0.1*V1\n",
      "Q= m*(273.15+T)*(s2-s1)\n",
      "W= Q-m*(h1-h2)\n",
      "##RESULTS\n",
      "print'%s %.4f %s'%('volume flow rate into composser =',V1,'m^3')\n",
      "print'%s %.4f %s'%('volume flow rate out of composser  =',V2,'m^3')\n",
      "print'%s %.1f %s'%('Heat  =',Q,'kJ')\n",
      "print'%s %.1f %s'%(' Work  =',W,'kJ')\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "volume flow rate into composser = 0.2161 m^3\n",
        "volume flow rate out of composser  = 0.0216 m^3\n",
        "Heat  = -161.1 kJ\n",
        " Work  = -95.8 kJ\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 6
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example6-pg164"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import math\n",
      "#calculate volume flow rate out and into the composser and work and heat\n",
      "##initialisation of variables\n",
      "m1= 0.2 ##kg/s\n",
      "v1= 1.0803 ##m^3/kg\n",
      "P= 200 ##kPa\n",
      "T= 200 ##C\n",
      "s1= 5.8041 ##kJ.kg K\n",
      "s2= 7.5066 ##kJ/kg K\n",
      "h1= 2870.5 ##kJ/kg\n",
      "h2= 2495.9 ##kJ/kg\n",
      "##CALCULATIONS\n",
      "V1= m1*v1\n",
      "V2= 0.1*V1\n",
      "Q= m1*(273.15+T)*(s1-s2)\n",
      "W= m1*((h1-h2)-(273.15+T)*(s2-s1))\n",
      "##RESULTS\n",
      "print'%s %.4f %s'% ('volume flow rate into composser =',V1,'m^3/s')\n",
      "print'%s %.4f %s'%('volume flow rate out of composser  =',V2,'m^3/s') \n",
      "print'%s %.1f %s'%('Work  =',W,'kW')\n",
      "print'%s %.1f %s'%('Heat  =',Q,'kW')\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "volume flow rate into composser = 0.2161 m^3/s\n",
        "volume flow rate out of composser  = 0.0216 m^3/s\n",
        "Work  = -86.2 kW\n",
        "Heat  = -161.1 kW\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 5
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example7-pg166"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import math\n",
      "#calculate rate of transfer\n",
      "##initialisation of variables\n",
      "e= 0.82\n",
      "m= 5 ##kg/s\n",
      "T3= 450 ##C\n",
      "T1= 200 ##C\n",
      "##CALCULATIONS\n",
      "Q= e*m*1.0035*(T3-T1)\n",
      "##RESULTS\n",
      "print'%s %.1f %s'%('rate of transfer =',Q,'kW')\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "rate of transfer = 1028.6 kW\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 4
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example8-pg 166"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import math\n",
      "#calculate heat at given enthalpy\n",
      "##initialisation of variables\n",
      "h1= 174.076 ##kJ/kg\n",
      "h3= 74.527 ##kJ/kg\n",
      "h4= 8.854 ##kJ/kg\n",
      "m= 0.8 ##kg\n",
      "e= 0.85\n",
      "##CALCULATIONS\n",
      "h2= h1+h3-h4\n",
      "Q= m*(h2-h1-23)\n",
      "Q1= e*Q\n",
      "##RESULTS\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('Heat =',Q,'kW')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('Heat =',Q1,'kW')\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Heat = 34.14 kW\n",
        "Heat = 29.02 kW\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 3
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example9-pg 167"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import math\n",
      "#calculate enthalpy and entropy change\n",
      "##initialisation of variables\n",
      "W= 2000. ##kW\n",
      "m= 2. ##kg/s\n",
      "h1= 3023.5 ##kJ/kg\n",
      "s2= 5.6106 ##kJ/kg K\n",
      "s1= 6.7664 ##kJ/kg K\n",
      "##CALCULATIONS\n",
      "h2= h1-(W/m)\n",
      "S=s2-s1\n",
      "##RESULTS\n",
      "print'%s %.1f %s'% ('enthalpy =',h2,'kJ/kg')\n",
      "print'%s %.4f %s'%('entropy change =',S,'kJ/kg K')\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "enthalpy = 2023.5 kJ/kg\n",
        "entropy change = -1.1558 kJ/kg K\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 2
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example10-pg 168"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import math\n",
      "#calculate enthalpy and entropy change\n",
      "##initialisation of variables\n",
      "m1= 1 ##kg\n",
      "h1= 2967.6 ##kJ/kg\n",
      "h2= 83.96 ##kJ/kg\n",
      "m2= 10\n",
      "s1= 7.5166 ##kJ/kg K\n",
      "s2= 0.2966 ##kJ/kg K\n",
      "s3= 1.1654 ##kJ/kg K\n",
      "##CALCULATIONS\n",
      "h3= (m1*h1+m2*h2)/(m1+m2)\n",
      "S= -m1*s1-m2*s2+(m1+m2)*s3\n",
      "##RESULTS\n",
      "print'%s %.1f %s'% ('enthalpy =',h3,'kJ/kg')\n",
      "print'%s %.4f %s'%('entropy change =',S,'kJ/kg K')\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "enthalpy = 346.1 kJ/kg\n",
        "entropy change = 2.3368 kJ/kg K\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 1
    }
   ],
   "metadata": {}
  }
 ]
}