path: root/Semiconductor_circuit_approximations_by_A.P._Malvino/ch9.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Chapter 9 Class A Power Amplifiers"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 9.1 Page No 220"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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XEH7BLG3BAigrg/33DztBufrzgiB9ZmFzpkMP9cmTcUpkZnFa/IKp2hdfhLHY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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f9f5f942a50>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "DC and AC load line shown in figure.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from numpy import arange\n",
    "%matplotlib inline\n",
    "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,xlabel,ylabel,show,title,subplot\n",
    "# given data\n",
    "V_CC= 10##  V\n",
    "V_BE= 0.7##  V\n",
    "R1= 2.2##  kΩ\n",
    "R2= 10##  kΩ\n",
    "R_E= 1##  kΩ\n",
    "R_C= 3.6##  kΩ\n",
    "R= 1.5##  kΩ\n",
    "# The base voltage\n",
    "V_B= R1*V_CC/(R1+R2)##  V\n",
    "# The emitter current,\n",
    "I_E= (V_B-V_BE)/R_E##  mA\n",
    "# The collector current,\n",
    "I_CQ= I_E##  mA\n",
    "# The collector emitter voltage,\n",
    "V_CE= V_CC-I_E*(R_C+R_E)##  V\n",
    "V_CEQ= V_CE##  V\n",
    "# The saturation current,\n",
    "I_Csat= V_CC/(R_C+R_E)##  mA\n",
    "V_CEcutoff= V_CC##  V\n",
    "V_CE= arange(0,0.1+V_CEcutoff,0.1)  #  V\n",
    "I_C= (V_CC-V_CE)/(R_C+R_E)##  mA\n",
    "# The dc and ac load line\n",
    "subplot(121)\n",
    "plot(V_CE,I_C)\n",
    "xlabel(\"V_CE in volts\")\n",
    "ylabel(\"I_C in mA\")\n",
    "title(\"DC load line\")\n",
    "r_L= R_C*R/(R_C+R)##  kΩ\n",
    "I_Csat= I_CQ+V_CEQ/r_L##  mA\n",
    "Vce_cutoff= V_CEQ+I_CQ*r_L##  V\n",
    "x=[0,Vce_cutoff]#\n",
    "y=[I_Csat, 0]\n",
    "subplot(122)\n",
    "plot(x,y)\n",
    "xlabel(\"V_CE in volts\")\n",
    "ylabel(\"I_C in mA\")\n",
    "title(\"AC load line\")\n",
    "show()\n",
    "print \"DC and AC load line shown in figure.\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 9.2 Page No 221"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The cut off value of V_CE = 18.66 volts\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# given data\n",
    "V_BE= 0.7##  V\n",
    "V_CC= 30##  V\n",
    "R_E= 8.2##  Ω\n",
    "R1= 22##  Ω\n",
    "R2= 47##  Ω\n",
    "R_C= 10##  Ω\n",
    "R_L= 30##in Ω\n",
    "# The base to ground voltage,\n",
    "V_B= R1*V_CC/(R1+R2)##  V\n",
    "# The emitter current,\n",
    "I_E= (V_B-V_BE)/R_E##  A\n",
    "# The collector current,\n",
    "I_CQ= I_E##  A\n",
    "# The collector emitter voltage,\n",
    "V_CEQ= V_CC-I_E*(R_E+R_C)##  V\n",
    "# The load resistance,\n",
    "r_L= R_C*R_L/(R_C+R_L)##  Ω\n",
    "I_Csat= I_E+V_CEQ/r_L##  A\n",
    "Vce_cutoff= V_CEQ+I_CQ*r_L##  V\n",
    "print \"The cut off value of V_CE = %.2f volts\"%Vce_cutoff"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 9.3 Page No 223"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The cut off value of V_CE = 15.35 volts\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# given data\n",
    "V_BE= 0.7##  V\n",
    "V_CC= 20##  V\n",
    "V_B= 10##  V\n",
    "R_E= 50##  Ω\n",
    "# The collector current,\n",
    "I_CQ= (V_B-V_BE)/R_E##  A\n",
    "# The collector emitter voltage,\n",
    "V_CEQ= V_CC-I_CQ*R_E##  V\n",
    "R1= 50##  Ω\n",
    "R2= 50##  Ω\n",
    "# The load resistance,\n",
    "r_L= R1*R2/(R1+R2)##  Ω\n",
    "I_Csat= I_CQ+V_CEQ/r_L##  A\n",
    "Vce_cutoff= V_CEQ+I_CQ*r_L##  V\n",
    "print \"The cut off value of V_CE = %.2f volts\"%Vce_cutoff"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 9.4 Page No 227"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The ac compliance = 5.71 volts\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# given data\n",
    "V_E= 1.0##  V\n",
    "R_E=1*10**3##  Ω\n",
    "V_CC= 10.0##  V\n",
    "R_C= 4.0*10**3##  Ω\n",
    "R_L= 10.0*10**3##  Ω\n",
    "# The collector current,\n",
    "I_CQ= V_E/R_E##  A\n",
    "I_C= I_CQ##  A\n",
    "# The collector emitter voltage,\n",
    "V_CEQ= V_CC-I_C*(R_C+R_E)##  V\n",
    "# The load resistance,\n",
    "r_L= R_L*R_C/(R_L+R_C)##  Ω\n",
    "#The ac compliance,\n",
    "PP= 2*I_CQ*r_L##  V\n",
    "print \"The ac compliance = %.2f volts\"%PP"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 9.5 Page No 227"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "When R_L = 1 MΩ, the value of 2I_CQrL = 7.97 volts\n",
      "When R_L = 100 kΩ, the value of 2I_CQrL = 7.69 volts\n",
      "When R_L = 10 kΩ, the value of 2I_CQrL = 5.71 volts\n",
      "When R_L = 1 kΩ, the value of 2I_CQrL = 1.60 volts\n",
      "When R_L = 100 Ω, the value of 2I_CQrL = 0.20 volts\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# given data\n",
    "V_E= 1.0##  V\n",
    "R_E=1*10**3##  Ω\n",
    "R_C= 4.0*10**3##  Ω\n",
    "V_CC= 10.0##  V\n",
    "I_CQ= V_E/R_E##  A\n",
    "I_C= I_CQ##  A\n",
    "V_CEQ= V_CC-I_C*(R_C+R_E)##  V\n",
    "# (i) when R_L = 1 MΩ, the value of 2I_CQrL\n",
    "R_L= 1*10**6##  Ω\n",
    "r_L= R_L*R_C/(R_L+R_C)##  Ω\n",
    "I_CQrL= I_CQ*r_L##in A\n",
    "print \"When R_L = 1 MΩ, the value of 2I_CQrL = %.2f volts\"%(2*I_CQrL)\n",
    "# (ii) when R_L = 100 kΩ, the value of 2I_CQrL\n",
    "R_L= 100*10**3##  Ω\n",
    "r_L= R_L*R_C/(R_L+R_C)##  Ω\n",
    "I_CQrL= I_CQ*r_L##in A\n",
    "print \"When R_L = 100 kΩ, the value of 2I_CQrL = %.2f volts\"%(2*I_CQrL)\n",
    "# (iii) when R_L = 10 kΩ, the value of 2I_CQrL\n",
    "R_L= 10*10**3##  Ω\n",
    "r_L= R_L*R_C/(R_L+R_C)##  Ω\n",
    "I_CQrL= I_CQ*r_L##in A\n",
    "print \"When R_L = 10 kΩ, the value of 2I_CQrL = %.2f volts\"%(2*I_CQrL)\n",
    "# (iv) when R_L = 1 kΩ, the value of 2I_CQrL\n",
    "R_L= 1*10**3##  Ω\n",
    "r_L= R_L*R_C/(R_L+R_C)##  Ω\n",
    "I_CQrL= I_CQ*r_L##in A\n",
    "print \"When R_L = 1 kΩ, the value of 2I_CQrL = %.2f volts\"%(2*I_CQrL)\n",
    "# (v) when R_L = 100 Ω, the value of 2I_CQrL\n",
    "R_L= 100##  Ω\n",
    "r_L= R_L*R_C/(R_L+R_C)##  Ω\n",
    "I_CQrL= I_CQ*r_L##in A\n",
    "print \"When R_L = 100 Ω, the value of 2I_CQrL = %.2f volts\"%(2*I_CQrL)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 9.6 Page No 230"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The value of R1 is    : 40.40   kΩ  (standard value : 39 kΩ)\n",
      "The value of R2 is    : 7.60    kΩ  (standard value : 7.5 kΩ)\n",
      "The value of R_E is   : 240.00   Ω  (standard value : 240 Ω)\n",
      "The value of R_C is   : 0.96    kΩ  (standard value : 1 kΩ)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# given data\n",
    "V_CC= 12##  V\n",
    "V_BE= 0.7##  V\n",
    "I_CQ= 5*10**-3##  A\n",
    "bita= 200## unit less\n",
    "# The emitter voltage,\n",
    "V_E= 0.1*V_CC##  V\n",
    "# The emitter current,\n",
    "I_E= I_CQ##  A\n",
    "# The emitter resistance,\n",
    "R_E= V_E/I_E##  Ω\n",
    "# The collector resistance,\n",
    "R_C= 4*R_E##  Ω\n",
    "# The base voltage,\n",
    "V_B= V_E+V_BE##  V\n",
    "I_C= I_CQ##  A\n",
    "I_B= I_C/bita##  A\n",
    "R= V_CC/(10*I_B)##  Ω\n",
    "R2= V_B/(10*I_B)##  Ω\n",
    "R1= R-R2##  Ω\n",
    "R1= R1*10**-3##  k ohm\n",
    "R2= R2*10**-3##  k ohm\n",
    "R_C= R_C*10**-3##  k ohm\n",
    "print \"The value of R1 is    : %.2f\"%(R1),\"  kΩ  (standard value : 39 kΩ)\"\n",
    "print \"The value of R2 is    : %.2f\"%(R2),\"   kΩ  (standard value : 7.5 kΩ)\"\n",
    "print \"The value of R_E is   : %.2f\"%(R_E),\"  Ω  (standard value : 240 Ω)\"\n",
    "print \"The value of R_C is   : %.2f\"%(R_C),\"   kΩ  (standard value : 1 kΩ)\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 9.7 Page No 231"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The ac compliance = 5.15 volts\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# given data\n",
    "I_CQ= 5*10**-3##  A\n",
    "R_C= 1*10**3##  Ω\n",
    "R_L= 1*10**3##  Ω\n",
    "# The load resistance\n",
    "r_L= R_C*R_L/(R_C+R_L)##  Ω\n",
    "# The ac compliance,\n",
    "PP= 2*I_CQ*r_L##  V\n",
    "I_CQ= 5.15*10**-3##  A\n",
    "PP= 2*I_CQ*r_L##  V\n",
    "print \"The ac compliance = %.2f volts\"%PP"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 9.9 Page No 234"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The value of R1 is    : 27.97   kΩ  (standard value : 39 kΩ)\n",
      "The value of R2 is    : 6.83    kΩ  (standard value : 7.5 kΩ)\n",
      "The value of R_E is   : 240.00   Ω  (standard value : 240 Ω)\n",
      "The value of R_C is   : 1.00    kΩ  (standard value : 1 kΩ)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# given data\n",
    "V_CC= 12.0##  V\n",
    "V_BE= 0.7##  V\n",
    "R_C= 1*10**3##  Ω\n",
    "R_E= 240.0##  Ω\n",
    "r_L= 500.0##  Ω\n",
    "bita= 200.0## unit less\n",
    "# The required collector current,\n",
    "I_CQ= V_CC/(R_C+R_E+r_L)##  A\n",
    "# The emitter voltage,\n",
    "V_E= I_CQ*R_E##  V\n",
    "# The base voltage,\n",
    "V_B= V_E+V_BE##  V\n",
    "I_C= I_CQ##  A\n",
    "I_B= I_C/bita##  A\n",
    "# The total resistance of the voltage divider,\n",
    "R= V_CC/(10*I_B)##  Ω\n",
    "R2= V_B/(10*I_B)##  Ω\n",
    "R1= R-R2##  Ω\n",
    "R1= R1*10**-3##  k ohm\n",
    "R2= R2*10**-3##  k ohm\n",
    "R_C= R_C*10**-3##  k ohm\n",
    "print \"The value of R1 is    : %.2f\"%(R1),\"  kΩ  (standard value : 39 kΩ)\"\n",
    "print \"The value of R2 is    : %.2f\"%(R2),\"   kΩ  (standard value : 7.5 kΩ)\"\n",
    "print \"The value of R_E is   : %.2f\"%(R_E),\"  Ω  (standard value : 240 Ω)\"\n",
    "print \"The value of R_C is   : %.2f\"%(R_C),\"   kΩ  (standard value : 1 kΩ)\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 9.10 Page No 236"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The maximum ac load power = 0.45 mW\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# given data\n",
    "R_C= 3.6##  kΩ\n",
    "R_L= 1.5##  kΩ\n",
    "V_CEQ= 4.94##  V\n",
    "I_CQ= 1.1##  mA\n",
    "# The quiescent power dissipation of the transistor,\n",
    "P_DQ= V_CEQ*I_CQ##  mW\n",
    "r_L= R_C*R_L/(R_C+R_L)##  kΩ\n",
    "PP= 2*I_CQ*r_L##  V\n",
    "# The maximum ac load power,\n",
    "P_Lmax= PP**2/(8*R_L)##  mW\n",
    "print \"The maximum ac load power = %.2f mW\"%P_Lmax"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 9.11 Page No 240"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The efficiency = 5.58 %\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# given data\n",
    "V_E= 1.71##  V\n",
    "R_E= 240##  Ω\n",
    "V_CC= 12##  V\n",
    "R_C= 1*10**3##  Ω\n",
    "R_L= 1*10**3##  Ω\n",
    "I= 0.355*10**-3##  A\n",
    "I_CQ= V_E/R_E##  A\n",
    "I_C= I_CQ##  A\n",
    "# The collector emitter voltage,\n",
    "V_CEQ= V_CC-I_C*(R_C+R_E)##  V\n",
    "r_L= R_C*R_L/(R_C+R_L)##  Ω\n",
    "PP= 2*V_CEQ##  V\n",
    "# The maximum ac load power,\n",
    "P_Lmax= PP**2/(8*R_L)##  W\n",
    "I_CC= I_C+I##  A\n",
    "P_CC= V_CC*I_CC##  W\n",
    "# The efficiency \n",
    "Eta= P_Lmax/P_CC*100##  %\n",
    "print \"The efficiency = %.2f %%\"%Eta"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 9.12 Page No 244"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The case temperature = 130.00 °C\n",
      "The power rating = 60.00 watt\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# given data\n",
    "Ta= 70## ambient temperature = %.2f °C\n",
    "P= 30##  power dissipation = %.2f W\n",
    "theta_CS= 0.5##  °C/W\n",
    "theta_SA= 1.5##  °C/W\n",
    "# The case temperature\n",
    "Tc= Ta+P*(theta_CS+theta_SA)##  °C\n",
    "# The power rating\n",
    "P_Dmax= 60##  W\n",
    "print \"The case temperature = %.2f °C\"%Tc\n",
    "print \"The power rating = %.2f watt\"%P_Dmax"
   ]
  }
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