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{
"metadata": {
"name": "MP-16"
},
"nbformat": 3,
"nbformat_minor": 0,
"worksheets": [
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 1,
"metadata": {},
"source": "Cosmology: Origin and Fate of Universe"
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": "Example 16.1 Page 529"
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": "#initiation of variable\nfrom math import log\nN2=0.25;N1=0.75; #various given values\nL2=1.0;L1=0.0;\nE1_E2=-4.7*(10**-4); #Energy difference\n\n#calculation\na=(N2/N1); b=(((2*L2)+1)/((2*L1)+1));c=E1_E2; #various terms involved in the formula of ratio of population\nkT=(c/log(a/b)); #value of k*T\nk=0.0000856; #constant\nT=kT/k; #temperature of interstellar space\n\n#result\nprint \"The temperature of interstellar space was found out to be in K\",round(T,3);",
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": "The temperature of interstellar space was found out to be in K 2.499\n"
}
],
"prompt_number": 2
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": "Example 16.2 Page 536"
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": "#initiation of variable\nmc2=940.0*10**6; k=8.6*10**-5; #various constants and given values in suitable units\n\n#calculation\nT= mc2/k; #temperature of the photons\n\n#result\nprint \"The temperature of the photons must be in K %.1e\" %round(T,3);\n\n#part2\nt=((1.5*10**10)/T)**2; #age of universe when the photons have the above temperature\n\n#result\nprint\"The age of the universe for the temperature of the photon to be as obtained above in seconds is %.01e\" %t;",
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": "The temperature of the photons must be in K 1.1e+13\nThe age of the universe for the temperature of the photon to be as obtained above in seconds is 1.883318e-06\n"
}
],
"prompt_number": 1
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": "Example 16.3 Page 539"
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": "#initation of variable\nfrom math import exp\nk=8.62*10**-5; #various values and constants\nT= 1.5*10**10;\ndelE=1.3*10**6;\n\n#calculation\na= delE/(k*T); #exponent in boltzmann factor\nb=exp(-a); #ratio of neutron to protons\nr=(1/(1+b))*100; #relative number of protons\n\n#result\nprint\"The percentage of protons is\",round(r),\" neutrons is \",round(100-r);",
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": "The percentage of protons is 73.0 neutrons is 27.0\n"
}
],
"prompt_number": 6
}
],
"metadata": {}
}
]
}
|
