path: root/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering_by_M._Kulkarni/chapter06.ipynb

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  {
   "cells": [
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 1,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "chapter06:Microwave components"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 6.2, Page number 234"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#Chapter-6, Example 6.2, Page 234\n",
      "#=============================================================================\n",
      "#Input parameters\n",
      "#[s]=[0,(0.3+(%i)*(0.4));(0.3+(%i)*(0.4)),0];#scattering matrix of a two port\n",
      "#Calculations\n",
      "#to find l such that S12 and S21 will be real when port1 is shifted lm to the left\n",
      "#let port 1 be shifted by phi1 degree to the left and port2 position be remained unchanged i.e.,phi2=delta\n",
      "#Then [phi]=[e**-(j*phi1),0;0,1]\n",
      "#[S']=[phi]*[s]*[phi]\n",
      "#for S12 and S21 to be real\n",
      "import math\n",
      "phi1=53.13;#in degrees\n",
      "phi1=phi1*(math.pi/180);#phi in radians\n",
      "b=34.3;#measured in rad/m\n",
      "l=(phi1)/b;#distance of shift in m\n",
      "#Output\n",
      "print \"distance that the position of part1 should be shifted to the left so that S21 and S12 will be real numbers is (m) = \",round(l,3)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "distance that the position of part1 should be shifted to the left so that S21 and S12 will be real numbers is (m) =  0.027\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 1
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 6.3, Page number 236"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#Chapter-6, Example 6.3, Page 236\n",
      "#=============================================================================\n",
      "import math\n",
      "import numpy\n",
      "from math import sqrt\n",
      "#Input parameters\n",
      "D=30.;#directivity in dB\n",
      "VSWR=1.;#VSWR at each port under matched conditions\n",
      "C=10.;#coupling factor\n",
      "#Calculations\n",
      "S41=sqrt(0.1);\n",
      "S14=S41;#under matched and lossless conditions\n",
      "S31=sqrt(((S41)**2)/(10)**(D/10));\n",
      "S13=S31;\n",
      "S11=(VSWR-1)/(VSWR+1);\n",
      "S22=S11;\n",
      "S33=S22;\n",
      "S44=S33;\n",
      "#let input power is given at port1 \n",
      "#p1=p2+P3+p4\n",
      "S21=sqrt(1-(S41)**2-(S31)**2);\n",
      "S12=S21;\n",
      "S34=sqrt((0.5)*(1+(S12)**2-0.1-0.0001));\n",
      "S43=S34\n",
      "S23=sqrt(1-10**-4-(S34)**2)\n",
      "S32=S23;\n",
      "S24=sqrt(1-0.1-(S34)**2)\n",
      "S42=S24;\n",
      "S=numpy.matrix([[S11,S12,S13,S14],[S21,S22,S23,S24],[S31,S32,S33,S34],[S41,S42,S43,S44]]);\n",
      "#Output\n",
      "print \"The scattering matrix is\"\n",
      "print S\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "The scattering matrix is\n",
        "[[ 0.          0.94863059  0.01        0.31622777]\n",
        " [ 0.94863059  0.          0.31622777  0.01      ]\n",
        " [ 0.01        0.31622777  0.          0.94863059]\n",
        " [ 0.31622777  0.01        0.94863059  0.        ]]\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 2
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 6.4, Page number 238"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#Chapter-6, Example 6.4, Page 238\n",
      "#=============================================================================\n",
      "import numpy\n",
      "#Input parameters\n",
      "a1=32*10**-3;#power in watts\n",
      "a2=0;\n",
      "a3=0;\n",
      "#Calculations\n",
      "S=numpy.array([[0.5,-0.5,0.707],[-0.5,0.5,0.707],[0.707,0.707,0]]);#S-matrix for H-plane tee\n",
      "X=numpy.array([[a1,0,0],[0,0,0],[0,0,0]]);\n",
      "#[B]=[b1,b2,b3]\n",
      "B =S*X\n",
      "b1=(0.5)**2*a1;#power at port 1\n",
      "b2=(-0.5)**2*a1;#power at port 2\n",
      "b3=(0.707)**2*a1;#power at port 3\n",
      "#Output\n",
      "print \"Thus b1,b2,b3 are\",b1,\"W,\",b2,\"W,\",round(b3,5),\"W respectively\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Thus b1,b2,b3 are 0.008 W, 0.008 W, 0.016 W respectively\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 3
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 6.5, Page number 239"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#Chapter-6, Example 6.5, Page 239\n",
      "#=============================================================================\n",
      "\n",
      "#Input parameters\n",
      "S=([[0.5,-0.5,0.707],[-0.5,0.5,0.707],[0.707,0.707,0]]);\n",
      "R1=60.;#load at port1 in ohms\n",
      "R2=75.;#load at port2 in ohms\n",
      "R3=50.;#characteristic impedance in ohms\n",
      "P3=20*10**-3;#power at port 3 in Watts\n",
      "#calculations\n",
      "p1=(R1-R3)/(R1+R3);\n",
      "p2=(R2-R3)/(R2+R3);\n",
      "P1=0.5*P3*(1-(p1)**2);#power delivered to the port1 in Watts\n",
      "P2=0.5*P3*(1-(p2)**2);#power delivered to the port2 in Watts\n",
      "#Output\n",
      "print \"Thus power delivered to the port1 and port2 are\",round(P1,5), \"W,\",P2,\" W respectively\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Thus power delivered to the port1 and port2 are 0.00992 W, 0.0096  W respectively\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 4
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 6.7, Page number 240"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#Calculate\n",
      "from numpy import array\n",
      "\n",
      "#Variable declaration\n",
      "Il=0.5  #inserion loss(dB)\n",
      "Is = 30 #isolation loss(dB)\n",
      "\n",
      "#Calculations\n",
      "#Il = -20log(S21)\n",
      "S21 = 10**(-Il/20)\n",
      "#Is = -20log(S12)\n",
      "S12 = 10**(-Is/20)\n",
      "#Perfectly matched ports\n",
      "S11=0\n",
      "S22=0\n",
      "\n",
      "S = array([[S11,S12],[S21,S22]])\n",
      "\n",
      "#Result\n",
      "print \"The scattering matrix is:\\n\",S\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "The scattering matrix is:\n",
        "[[ 0.          0.01      ]\n",
        " [ 0.94406088  0.        ]]\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 5
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 6.9, Page number 241"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#Chapter-6, Example 6.9, Page 241\n",
      "#=============================================================================\n",
      "\n",
      "#Input parameters\n",
      "ins=0.5;#insertion loss in db\n",
      "iso=20;#isolation loss in db\n",
      "S=2;#VSWR \n",
      "#Calculations\n",
      "S21=10**-(ins/20.);#insertion loss=0.5=-20*log[S21]\n",
      "S13=S21;\n",
      "S32=S13;\n",
      "S12=10**-(iso/20.);#isolation loss=30=-20*log[s12]\n",
      "S23=S12;\n",
      "S31=S23;\n",
      "p=(S-1)/(S+1);\n",
      "S11=p;\n",
      "S22=p;\n",
      "S33=p;\n",
      "S=([[S11,S12,S13],[S21,S22,S23],[S31,S32,S33]]);\n",
      "print S\n",
      "#for a perfectly matched,non-reciprocal,lossless 3-port circulator,[S] is given by\n",
      "#[S]=[0,0,S13;S21,0,0;,0,S32,0]\n",
      "#i.e.,S13=S21=S32=1\n",
      "#[S]=[0,0,1;1,0,0;0,1,0]"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "[[0, 0.1, 0.9440608762859234], [0.9440608762859234, 0, 0.1], [0.1, 0.9440608762859234, 0]]\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 6
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 6.10, Page number 242"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#Calculate The output power at the port\n",
      "import math\n",
      "\n",
      "#Variable declaration\n",
      "Pi = 90.   #power source(W)\n",
      "C = 20    #dB\n",
      "D = 35    #dB\n",
      "Is = 0.5  #insertion loss(dB)\n",
      "\n",
      "#Calculations\n",
      "#C = 20=10log(Pi/Pf)\n",
      "Pf = Pi/(10**(20./10.))\n",
      "#D=350=10log(Pf/Pb)\n",
      "Pb = Pf/(10**(35./10.))\n",
      "Pr = Pi-Pf-Pb   #received power\n",
      "Pr_db = 10*math.log10(Pi/Pr)\n",
      "Pr_dash=Pr_db-Is\n",
      "\n",
      "#Result\n",
      "print \"The output power at the port is\",round(Pr_dash,3),\"dB\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "The output power at the port is -0.456 dB\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 7
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 6.11, Page number 243"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#Chapter-6, Example 6.11, Page 242\n",
      "#=============================================================================\n",
      "import math\n",
      "import cmath\n",
      "from math import sin\n",
      "from math import cos,log10\n",
      "#Calculations\n",
      "S13=0.1*(cos(90*math.pi/180.)+(1j)*sin(90*math.pi/180.));#conversion from polar to rectangular\n",
      "S13=abs(S13);\n",
      "C=-20*log10(S13);#coupling coefficient in dB\n",
      "S14=0.05*(cos(90*math.pi/180.)+(1j)*sin(90*math.pi/180.));#conversion from polar to rectangular\n",
      "S14=abs(S14);\n",
      "D=20*log10(S13/S14);#directivity in dB\n",
      "I=-20*log10(S14);#isolation in dB\n",
      "print \"Thus coupling,directivity and isolation are\",C,\" dB\",round(D,1),\"dB and\",round(I,0),\"dB respetively \"\n",
      "                                                                                                                   "
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Thus coupling,directivity and isolation are 20.0  dB 6.0 dB and 26.0 dB respetively \n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 8
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 6.12, Page number 244"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#Calculate VSWR\n",
      "import math\n",
      "\n",
      "#Variable declaration\n",
      "lamda2 = 3.5       #distance between 2 minimas(cm)\n",
      "lamda_g = 7        #guided wavelength(cm)\n",
      "d2_1 = 2.5*10**-1  #distance between minimum power points(cm)\n",
      "\n",
      "#Calculation\n",
      "S = lamda_g/(math.pi*d2_1)\n",
      "\n",
      "#Result\n",
      "print \"VSWR =\",round(S,4)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "VSWR = 8.9127\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 9
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 6.13, Page number 244"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#calculate Phase shift introduced\n",
      "#chapter-6 page 244 example 6.13\n",
      "import math\n",
      "wg=7.2##guide wavelength in cm\n",
      "x=10.5##Position of reference null without the waveguide component in cm\n",
      "y=9.3##Position of reference null with the waveguide component in cm\n",
      "\n",
      "#CALCULATION\n",
      "z=x-y##Path difference introduced due to the component in cm\n",
      "p=(2.*(math.pi)*(z/wg))##Phase difference introduced in rad\n",
      "Pd=(p*180.)/(math.pi)##Phase shift introduced in deg\n",
      "\n",
      "#OUTPUT\n",
      "print '%s %.2f %s' %('\\nPhase shift introduced is Pd=',Pd,'deg')#\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n",
        "Phase shift introduced is Pd= 60.00 deg\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 10
    }
   ],
   "metadata": {}
  }
 ]
}