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{
"metadata": {
"name": ""
},
"nbformat": 3,
"nbformat_minor": 0,
"worksheets": [
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 1,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Chapter 7 : The joule thomson cooling efect"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 7.1 page no : 239"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"# Variables\n",
"t = 33.18;\t\t\t#critical temperature in K\n",
"pc = 12.80*76*981*13.6;\t\t\t#critical pressure in dynes/sq.cm\n",
"r = 83.15;\t\t\t#universal gas constant in kj/kg.K\n",
"d = 0.08987;\t\t\t#density of hydrogen in gm/lit\n",
"v = 2000/0.08987;\t\t\t#gram molecular volune of hydrogen in cc\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"b = r*10**6*t/(8*pc);\t\t\t#vanderwaal constant in cm**3/mol\n",
"to = 2*27*t*(1-(b/v))/8;\t\t\t#inversion temperature of the hydrogen in K\n",
"\n",
"# Result\n",
"print 'the inversion temperature of hydrogen is %3.2f K'%(to)\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"the inversion temperature of hydrogen is 223.70 K\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 1
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 7.2 pageno : 240"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"# Variables\n",
"b = 0.00136;\t\t\t#vanderwaal constant in suv/gm\n",
"a = 0.011;\t\t\t#vanderwaal constant in atm(suv)**2/gm**2\n",
"r = 0.003696;\t\t\t#universal gas constant in atm(suv)/gm.deg\n",
"t = 423;\t\t\t#temperature of steam in K\n",
"cp = -0.674/0.024205;\t\t\t#specific heat at 423K in atm(cc)gm(deg)\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"dt = (-b+(2*a/(r*t)))/cp;\t\t\t#change of temperature per atm drop of pressure in deg/atm\n",
"\n",
"# Result\n",
"print 'the change of temperature per atmosphere drop of pressure is %3.7f deg/atm'%(dt)\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"the change of temperature per atmosphere drop of pressure is -0.0004565 deg/atm\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 2
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 7.3 pageno : 241"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"# Variables\n",
"r = 8.3*10**7;\t\t\t#universal gas constant in ergs/deg.C\n",
"a = 1.36*10**6*76*13.6*981;\t\t\t#vanderwaal constant in atm.(suv**2)/(gm**2)\n",
"b = 32;\t\t\t#vanderwaal constant in cc\n",
"cp = 7.03;\t\t\t#specific heat at constant pressure in cal\n",
"j = 4.18*10**7;\t\t\t#joules constant in ergs/cal\n",
"t = 273;\t\t\t#temperature of the gas in K\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"dt = ((2*a/(r*t))-b)*10**6/(cp*j);\t\t\t#change of temperature in atmosphere drop of pressure in deg/atm/cm**3\n",
"\n",
"# Result\n",
"print 'the change of temperature in atmosphere drop of pressure is %3.2f deg C/atm/cm**2'%(dt)\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"the change of temperature in atmosphere drop of pressure is 0.31 deg C/atm/cm**2\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 2
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 7.4 pageno : 241"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"# Variables\n",
"u = 1.08;\n",
"cp = 8.6;\t \t \t#specific heat in kj/kg.K\n",
"j = 4.2;\t\t \t #joules constant in j/cal\n",
"p1 = 1*1.013*10**6;\t\t\t #pressure at intial in N/sq.m\n",
"p2 = 20*1.013*10**6;\t\t\t#pressure at final in N/sq.m\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"dh = -u*cp*j*(p1-p2);\t\t\t#change in enthalpy in joules\n",
"\n",
"# Result\n",
"print 'the change in enthalpy is %3.3e joules'%(dh)\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"the change in enthalpy is 7.508e+08 joules\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 6
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 7.5 pageno : 241"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"# Variables\n",
"tc = 5.26;\t\t\t#critical temperature of the helium in K\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"ti = 27*tc/4;\t\t\t#inversion temperature of the helium in K\n",
"\n",
"# Result\n",
"print 'the inversion temperature of the helium is %3.2f K'%(ti)\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"the inversion temperature of the helium is 35.50 K\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 7
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 7.6 pageno : 241"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"# Variables\n",
"a = 0.245*10**6*10**6;\t\t\t#vanderwaal constant in cm**4.dyne/mole**2\n",
"b = 2.67*10;\t\t\t#vanderwaal constant in cc/mole\n",
"r = 2*4.2*10**7;\t\t\t#universal gas constant in ergs/mole.K\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"ti = 2*a/(b*r);\t\t\t#inversion temperature in K\n",
"\n",
"# Result\n",
"print 'inversion temperature of hydrogen is %.f K'%(round(ti,-1))\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"inversion temperature of hydrogen is 220 K\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 9
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 7.7 pageno : 242"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"# Variables\n",
"dp = 50*10**6;\t\t\t#change in pressure in dynes/sq.cm\n",
"cp = 7*4.2*10**7;\t\t\t#specific heat constant pressure in ergs/mole.K\n",
"a = 1.32*10**12;\t\t\t#vanderwaal constant in cm**4.dyne/mole**2\n",
"b = 31.2;\t\t\t#vanderwaal constant in cm**2/mole\n",
"t = 300;\t\t\t#inital temperature in K\n",
"r = 2*4.2*10**7;\t\t\t#ergs/mole.K\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"dt = ((2*a/(r*t))-b)*dp/cp;\t\t\t#change in temperature in K\n",
"\n",
"# Result\n",
"print 'the change in temperature is %3.1f K'%(dt)\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"the change in temperature is 12.5 K\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 11
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 7.8 pageno : 242"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"\n",
"# Variables\n",
"p1 = 1.;\t\t\t #inital pressure in atm\n",
"p2 = 51.; \t\t\t#final pressure in atm\n",
"t1 = 300.;\t \t\t#inital temperature in K\n",
"y = 1.4;\t\t \t#coefficient of expansion\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"t2 = t1*(p2/p1)**((1-y)/y);\t\t\t#final temperature in K\n",
"dt = t1-t2;\t \t\t#drop in temperature in K\n",
"\n",
"# Results\n",
"print 'the drop in temperature is %3.2f K'%(dt)\n",
"print \"Note : answer is slightly different because of rounding error\""
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"the drop in temperature is 202.45 K\n",
"Note : answer is slightly different because of rounding error\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 16
}
],
"metadata": {}
}
]
}
|
